User guide Please read the Important notice and the Safety precautions and the Warnings V 1.0
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UG-2020-17
REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 user guide
Refrigerator compressor driver reference design kit
About this document
Scope and purpose
This user guide provides an overview of the reference design board REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 including its
main features, key data, pin assignments and mechanical dimensions, and the guidance on how to run and
design the motor with board.
The REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 board is a complete reference design board designed for refrigerator
compressors. It demonstrates the entire Infineon solution including CIPOS™ Micro Pro series IPM IM231-L6S1B,
digital motor control IC iMOTIONTM IMC101T-T038 and linear voltage regulators IFX54211MB V33.
The REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 board is developed to support customers in designing their refrigerator
compressor drivers with Infineon products.
Intended audience
This user guide is intended for technical specialists working with the REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 board and
refrigerator compressor driver design.
Reference board/kit
Product(s) embedded on a PCB, with focus on specific applications and defined use cases that can include
Software. PCB and auxiliary circuits are optimized for the requirements of the target application.
Note: Boards do not necessarily meet safety, EMI, quality standards (for example UL, CE) requirements.
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Important notice
Important notice
“Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards” shall mean products embedded on a printed circuit board
(PCB) for demonstration and/or evaluation purposes, which include, without limitation, demonstration,
reference and evaluation boards, kits and design (collectively referred to as “Reference Board”).
Environmental conditions have been considered in the design of the Evaluation Boards and Reference
Boards provided by Infineon Technologies. The design of the Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards
has been tested by Infineon Technologies only as described in this document. The design is not qualified
in terms of safety requirements, manufacturing and operation over the entire operating temperature
range or lifetime.
The Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards provided by Infineon Technologies are subject to functional
testing only under typical load conditions. Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards are not subject to the
same procedures as regular products regarding returned material analysis (RMA), process change
notification (PCN) and product discontinuation (PD).
Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards are not commercialized products, and are solely intended for
evaluation and testing purposes. In particular, they shall not be used for reliability testing or production.
The Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards may therefore not comply with CE or similar standards
(including but not limited to the EMC Directive 2004/EC/108 and the EMC Act) and may not fulfill other
requirements of the country in which they are operated by the customer. The customer shall ensure that
all Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards will be handled in a way which is compliant with the relevant
requirements and standards of the country in which they are operated.
The Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards as well as the information provided in this document are
addressed only to qualified and skilled technical staff, for laboratory usage, and shall be used and
managed according to the terms and conditions set forth in this document and in other related
documentation supplied with the respective Evaluation Board or Reference Board.
It is the responsibility of the customer’s technical departments to evaluate the suitability of the
Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards for the intended application, and to evaluate the completeness
and correctness of the information provided in this document with respect to such application.
The customer is obliged to ensure that the use of the Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards does not
cause any harm to persons or third party property.
The Evaluation Boards and Reference Boards and any information in this document is provided "as is"
and Infineon Technologies disclaims any warranties, express or implied, including but not limited to
warranties of non-infringement of third party rights and implied warranties of fitness for any purpose, or
for merchantability.
Infineon Technologies shall not be responsible for any damages resulting from the use of the Evaluation
Boards and Reference Boards and/or from any information provided in this document. The customer is
obliged to defend, indemnify and hold Infineon Technologies harmless from and against any claims or
damages arising out of or resulting from any use thereof.
Infineon Technologies reserves the right to modify this document and/or any information provided
herein at any time without further notice.
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Safety precautions
Safety precautions
Note: Please note the following warnings regarding the hazards associated with development systems.
Table 1 Safety precautions
Warning: The DC link potential of this board is up to 400 VDC. When measuring voltage
waveforms by oscilloscope, high voltage differential probes must be used. Failure to do
so may result in personal injury or death.
Warning: The evaluation or reference board contains DC bus capacitors which take
time to discharge after removal of the main supply. Before working on the drive
system, wait five minutes for capacitors to discharge to safe voltage levels. Failure to
do so may result in personal injury or death. Darkened display LEDs are not an
indication that capacitors have discharged to safe voltage levels.
Warning: The evaluation or reference board is connected to the grid input during
testing. Hence, high-voltage differential probes must be used when measuring voltage
waveforms by oscilloscope. Failure to do so may result in personal injury or death.
Darkened display LEDs are not an indication that capacitors have discharged to safe
voltage levels.
Warning: Remove or disconnect power from the drive before you disconnect or
reconnect wires, or perform maintenance work. Wait five minutes after removing
power to discharge the bus capacitors. Do not attempt to service the drive until the bus
capacitors have discharged to zero. Failure to do so may result in personal injury or
death.
Caution: The heat sink and device surfaces of the evaluation or reference board may
become hot during testing. Hence, necessary precautions are required while handling
the board. Failure to comply may cause injury.
Caution: Only personnel familiar with the drive, power electronics and associated
machinery should plan, install, commission and subsequently service the system.
Failure to comply may result in personal injury and/or equipment damage.
Caution: The evaluation or reference board contains parts and assemblies sensitive to
electrostatic discharge (ESD). Electrostatic control precautions are required when
installing, testing, servicing or repairing the assembly. Component damage may result
if ESD control procedures are not followed. If you are not familiar with electrostatic
control procedures, refer to the applicable ESD protection handbooks and guidelines.
Caution: A drive that is incorrectly applied or installed can lead to component damage
or reduction in product lifetime. Wiring or application errors such as undersizing the
motor, supplying an incorrect or inadequate AC supply, or excessive ambient
temperatures may result in system malfunction.
Caution: The evaluation or reference board is shipped with packing materials that
need to be removed prior to installation. Failure to remove all packing materials that
are unnecessary for system installation may result in overheating or abnormal
operating conditions.
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Table of contents
Table of contents
About this document ....................................................................................................................... 1
Important notice ............................................................................................................................ 2
Safety precautions .......................................................................................................................... 3
Table of contents ............................................................................................................................ 4
1 The board at a glance .............................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Delivery content ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Block diagram .......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Main features ........................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Board parameters and technical data .................................................................................................... 7
2 System and functional description ........................................................................................... 9
2.1 Commissioning ........................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.1 Hardware connection ...................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Software/firmware preparation ...................................................................................................... 11
2.1.3 Program firmware/parameters/script............................................................................................. 11
2.1.4 Open-loop diagnostic ...................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.5 Closed-loop run ................................................................................................................................ 14
2.2 Description of the functional blocks ..................................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 IPM .................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.2 DC bus sensing and MCEWizard configuration ............................................................................... 16
2.2.3 Current sensing and overcurrent protection .................................................................................. 17
2.2.3.1 Current sensing ........................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.3.2 Overcurrent protection ............................................................................................................... 19
2.2.4 NTC sensing and thermal protection .............................................................................................. 22
2.3 Frequency signal interface .................................................................................................................... 23
2.4 Linear voltage regulator and control .................................................................................................... 24
3 Details of the schematics, layout, BOM and connectors ............................................................. 25
3.1 Schematics ............................................................................................................................................ 25
3.2 Layout .................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.3 Bill of material ....................................................................................................................................... 26
3.4 Connector details .................................................................................................................................. 28
4 System performance ............................................................................................................. 29
4.1 Thermal characterization test .............................................................................................................. 29
5 Reference and appendices ..................................................................................................... 31
5.1 Abbreviations and definitions ............................................................................................................... 31
5.2 Reference ............................................................................................................................................... 31
5.3 Additional information .......................................................................................................................... 31
Revision history............................................................................................................................. 32
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The board at a glance
1 The board at a glance
The REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 reference design kit is a part of the iMOTION™ reference design kit for motor
drives, which is aimed at driver applications for refrigerator compressors. The kit is a ready-to-use solution in
combination with Infineon products such as CIPOS™ Micro Pro IPM IM231-L6S1B, digital motor control IC
iMOTION
TM
IMC101T-T038 and linear voltage regulator IFX54211MB V33. It can easily be switched to a final mass-
production application board, and has a fast time to market.
The REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 reference board is available from Infineon. The features of this board are
described in Chapter 1.3 of this document (UG-2020-17). The remaining sections provide information to enable
customers to copy, modify and qualify the design for production according to their own specific requirements.
Environmental conditions have been considered in the design of the REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231. The design was
tested as described in this document but not qualified in terms of safety requirements or manufacturing and
operation over the entire operating temperature range or lifetime. The boards provided by Infineon are subject
to functional testing only.
The boards are not subject to the same procedures as regular products in terms of returned material analysis
(RMA), process change notification (PCN) and product discontinuation (PD). Reference boards are intended for
use under laboratory conditions by specialists only.
1.1 Delivery content
The delivery content only contains the board as Figure 2 shown, the detail ordering information is indicated in
the Table 2.
The iMOTIONTM Link cable shown in the Figure 4 is mandatory for the tuning, and it is not included in the
delivery content, please order it if you do not have, ordering information can be found in the section 5.3.
Table 2 Delivery content
1.2 Block diagram
Figure 1 The block diagram of the REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 reference board
Base part number
Package
Standard pack
Orderable part number
Form
Quantity
REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231
Boxed
1
REFFRIDGEC101TIM231TOBO1
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The board at a glance
Figure 1 shows the reference design kit REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231. This document explains the features and
details.
Figure 2 depicts the functional groups of the board. Connecter definition details are described in section 0;
please see this section if you need more information.
Figure 2 Functional groups on top side of board
1.3 Main features
REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 is a complete reference design board including a 3-phase IPM for motor drive
applications. The kit demonstrates Infineon’s IPM technology for motor drives.
Main features of IPM IM231-L6S1B include
[1]
:
Based on low V
CE(sat)
TRENCHSTOP™ IGBT6
Integrated bootstrap function
All 6 switches turn off during protection
Accurate overcurrent protection (±5%)
Fault reporting and programmable fault clear
Built-in temperature sensor
Isolation 2000 V
RMS
, 1 min
Motor power rating up to 400 W at 10 kHz
UL-certified
1. EMI filter and rectifier
group
2. DC bus capacitor
3. Motor phase connector
(J3)
4. CIPOS™ Micro IPM
5. Auxiliary power supply
6. IMC101T-T038
7. AC line input connector
(J1)
8. iMOTION
TM
Link connector
(J6)
9. Frequency input signal
connector (J2)
3
2
7
1
4
5
8
6
9
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Main features of iMOTION™ controller IMC101T include
[2]
:
Motion control engine as ready-to-use controller solution for sensorless and Hall-sensor motor drives
Field-oriented control (FOC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM/BLDC)
Optional support for Hall sensors (analog or digital)
Space vector PWM with sinusoidal commutation and integrated protection features
Current sensing via single shunt or leg shunt
Integrated analog comparators for overcurrent protection
Integrated scripting engine for application flexibility
3.3 V or 5.0 V supply voltage options for controller
Flexible host interface options for speed commands: UART, SPI, PWM or analog signal
Class B pre-certification (IEC60335) for MCE2.0 firmware
For more information about the above-mentioned products, refer to the corresponding reference material.
1.4 Board parameters and technical data
Table 3 depicts the important specifications of the reference design REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231.
Table 3 REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 board specifications
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions / comments
Value
Unit
Operation input voltage
Vac
Lower AC input, less motor power output
165 ~ 265
V
rms
Maximum input current
I
ac(max)
Input 220 VAC, Ta=25C
1.5
A
rms
Maximum input power
P
in(max)
Input 220 VAC, f
PWM
=5 kHz, Ta=25°C, T
case
= 100°C
without heat sink
200
W
Maximum motor current
I
mtr(max)
Input 220 VAC, f
PWM
=5 kHz, Ta=25°C, T
case
= 100°C
without heat sink
0.6
A
rms
Maximum DC bus voltage
V
dc(max)
400
V
Shunt Resistance
Rsh 150
mΩ
Protection
Current protection
trigger level
I
trip
Level by external comparator circuit
3.05 1
A
peak
Thermal protection level
T
protection
Temperature gap between junction and NTC
(negative temperature coefficient) sensor needs to
be considered; recommended is a setting of 105°C
or less
105
°C
Auxiliary power supply 1 - 15V
Output voltage
V
out1
15 ± 5%
V
Maximum output current
I
out1
100
mA
Auxiliary power supply 2 - 3.3V
Output voltage
V
out2
3.3 ± 5%
V
Maximum output current
I
out2
150
mA
PCB characteristics
Dimension
Length × width × height
78×78×46
mm
Material
1.6 mm thickness, 1 oz. copper
FR4
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Parameter
Symbol
Conditions / comments
Value
Unit
System environment
Ambient temperature
Ta
Non-condensing, maximum RH of 95%
0 ~ 50
°C
Note: 1. For iMOTION™ IC IMC1xx, there are three types of Gatekill input source options in MCEWizard
setup. If “comparator” mode is selected, the external Gatekill signal will be not used, and the
signal V
Shunt
will be compared by the internal comparator with the “Device overcurrent trigger level
setting” value set in MCEWizard.
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System and functional description
2 System and functional description
2.1 Commissioning
Hardware connection
Program firmware/parameters/script
Software/firmware preparation
Open-loop diagnostic
Closed-loop run
1- iMOTION LINK to bridge the MCE and PC
2- Connect AC source (J1) and Motor (J3)
1- Program the firmware/parameters through
the iMOTION LINK by MCEDesigner, IMC101T
can be powered up by iMOTIONTM Link, or be
powered by auxiliary power supply on the
board after the AC source is powered
2- Program script file if available
1 - Install MCEDesigner/MCEWizard
2 - Download the firmware of MCE
3 - Generate parameters file (.txt) by
MCEWizard, used to transfer the
hardware/motor parameters to register values
4 - Generate script file if available
1- Power up AC power supply
2- Run build-in function VF Diagnostic to
verify current/DC bus sensing, hardware
connection and parameters
1- Run motor in closed-loop mode by start
motor function, tune the parameters
Figure 3 Basic process for running the motor the first time
This section describes how to get the system working when user first installs the board (refer to Figure 3 for
general steps). The following items detail these steps. For those who are already familiar with the system, or
have already run the board, unnecessary steps can be skipped depending on user’s actual situation. For more
in-depth commissioning requirements, please refer to the MCE reference manual or the corresponding
reference material
[5][6][7]
.
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2.1.1 Hardware connection
Figure 4 shows the hardware connection details for the reference design board.
The iMOTIONTM Link cable is needed to bridge the PC/debugger side and motor drive system (the target
iMOTION™ device, hot side) with 1 kV DC galvanic isolation. Users can go to section 5.3 for more information
about iMOTIONTM Link.
1. Connect iMOTION
TM
Link’s 8-pin cable to J6 with default pin order, and connect PC and iMOTIONTM Link with
the USB wire.
2. Then connect AC power supply (J1) and the motor (J3).
Figure 4 Hardware connection details
AC
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2.1.2 Software/firmware preparation
1. The iMOTION™ software tools MCEDesigner and MCEWizard are required in order to initially set up the
system, as well as to control and fine-tune the system performance to match the user’s exact needs. These
tools are available for download via the Infineon website (http://www.infineon.com/imotion-software).
Please check this page periodically for tool/software updates.
2. The MCE firmware then has to be downloaded on our website; select the proper version of the firmware
based on your requirements. Included in the package are the firmware (‘.ldf’), default parameters (‘.txt’), the
default map file (‘.map’), the file for the MCEDesigner (‘.irc’) and other documents.
3. Generate your parameters’ file.
Use MCEWizard to enter the target motor’s system and operating parameters, as well as reference board’s
hardware parameters, which will then be used to calculate the controller’s digital parameter set
representing the complete motor drive system.
After system and operating parameters are set, go to the “Verify & Save Page” and click on “Calculate”
button. If no errors are reported, then save the drive parameter set in your project directory by clicking
“Export to Designer file (.txt)” (Figure 7); if some errors are detected, double-click on the error message
(highlighted in red) and adjust the related parameters. Saved drive system parameter file will be later used
for programmers.
Note: After you log-in on myInfineon, you could download the default MCEwizard file (.mc2) for this
board, you only need to modify the parameters related to your motor to make things easier and
save time.
4. Generate the script if available. For users who are tuning the board for the first time, it is recommended not
to use this function first, but to add the script function after the motor commissioning is completed.
2.1.3 Program firmware/parameters/script
The REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 reference design kit is shipped with pre-programmed firmware and default
parameters, since the functional tests were done before shipment. Users need to program their parameters, as
the motor is different from the one under test.
The following steps have to be performed in order to achieve a usable motor controller IC from a blank
IMC101T:
Program the firmware of the motion control engine (MCE)
Program parameter sets for system and motor
Program customer script file (optional)
Or
Program the combined file, which is combined by MCEWizard containing all three items above. Customer
script file is optional depending on whether it is available. The combined file is usually used for production,
since it only needs to be programmed once.
The programming process is as follows:
1. Start the MCEDesigner tool and open MCEDesigner default configuration file (.irc) for IMC101T device
(IMC101T_Vxxx.irc) by clicking “File” > “Open”.
Note: The IMC101T_Vxxx.irc file is included in the downloaded firmware package “IMC101T MCE
Software Package.”
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2. Power the iMOTION
TM
control IC with 3.3 V. It is recommended to program the IC with the 3.3 V isolated
power supply that comes from the iMOTIONTM Link. There is a switch on the iMOTION
TM
Link to enable the 3.3
V output. The iMOTIONTM control IC will also be powered by the onboard auxiliary power supply after the AC
source is powered, but caution due to high voltage.
3. MCEDesigner should automatically connect to the board using default COM port (indicated by green circle
next to “COMx Up” status in the bottom frame of the MCEDesigner GUI) when iMOTIONTM control IC is
powered. If it cannot establish the connection due to an incorrect COM port, change COM port by doing the
following: click on the “System Page” window and then click on “Preferences > Connection > Connect
using,” and choose one of the other available COM ports from the drop-down list.
4. (In the case of a blank IC) If the firmware has been erased from the IMC101T, the following warning message
will pop up “Target device firmware and parameters file are not programmed! Please program firmware and
parameters file” as Figure 5. Then you can program as described in the step 5. If it is not the blank IC, no
such message will be indicated.
Figure 5 MCEDesigner warning message
5. Use the following steps to program the firmware and the parameters’ file into the internal flash memory of
iMOTION™ Control IC: click on system page, click “Tools” > “Programmer” and select “Program Firmware
and Parameters.” Shown as in Figure 6 below. The encrypted firmware is available at “IMC101T MCE
Software Package;” regarding the parameters’ file, browse and select the’.txt’ file in Section 2.1.2.
Figure 6 Program the parameters and firmware
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Figure 7 MCEWizard verify and save page
2.1.4 Open-loop diagnostic
Double click the “VF Diagnostic” function in motor1 page, and monitor the motor current with oscilloscope. If
the motor current is not sinusoidal, change the TargetSpeed and Vd_Ext in VF Diagnostic sub-function, then
double click “VF Diagnostic,” until the oscilloscope shows a steady sinusoidal current, with an amplitude of
30~50% motor rate current.
Double click “Iu & Iv_Slow” in System page - Monitor Definitions. The motor current feedback should be very
clean and sinusoidal, as shown in Figure 8; otherwise please tune “Gating Propagation Delay & Phase Shift
Window Size” in MCE Wizard.
“VF Diagnostic” sub-function can verify:
If motor is connected correctly
If the IPM works as expected
If current-sensing related parameters are correctly configured
If PCB layout and DC bus decoupling has been done correctly
After the “VF Diagnostic” is done, click STOP button (the red traffic light button) or run “Stop Motor”
function to stop the motor.
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Figure 8 Trace waveform for Iu & Iv open loop diagnostic
2.1.5 Closed-loop run
If the VF Diagnostic works correctly, the hardware circuit and signal sampling will work normally, at which point
we can try to run the motor in a closed-loop mode. The steps are listed below.
1. Start the motor by clicking the green traffic light button in the control bar (or double-click “Start Motor”
function on Motor1 page, which is in the group of user application function definitions). The motor will run if
the above step works well.
2. Check the motor spin direction, adjust the motor winding’s connection order, or set negative TargetSpeed
in MCE Designer if the direction is wrong.
3. Set TargetSpeed to about 50% of maximum speed, start “Iu & Flx_M” trace with “Auto Repeat On Level,” see
Figure 9. Flx_M is good within the range of 2000~2500 (rated value is 2048), and must be steady and DC-like.
Here are some key tips for better motor-performance tuning:
If Flx_M is not steady (swing or oscillation), the motor parameters, speed loop PI gain, flux Estimator time
constant and PLL PI bandwidth (parameters PLLKp & PLLKi) and related setup need to be checked.
If Flx_M is very noisy, the current feedback and V
dc
-related hardware and parameters need to be checked.
If Flx_M does not come close to 2048, the “Motor Back EMF Constant (Ke)” needs to be adjusted in MCE
Wizard.
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Figure 9 Trace waveform for Iu & Flx-M at 50% Speed
4. Once the firmware has been programmed, and a new parameter file has to be programmed, follow the
same instructions given in 2.1.3. In this case, the firmware programming is no longer needed, and you can
select the first option “Program Parameters.”
Note: For detailed information on controller programming, refer to AN2018-33 iMOTION™ 2.0 Device
Programming, MCEDesigner documentation and MCEWizard documentation.
2.2 Description of the functional blocks
2.2.1 IPM
The inverter section is implemented using the CIPOS™ Micro Pro IPM IM231-L6S1B as sketched in Figure 10.
IM231-L6S1B is the CIPOS™ Micro 600 V, a 6 A, three-phase IGBT-based intelligent power module with an open
emitter in SOP 29x12 packaging. It provides a fully-featured compact inverter solution for low power motor
drive applications including refrigerators, small home appliances, low power industrial drives, etc. The module
includes a combination of low VCE (sat) trench IGBT technology and the industry-benchmark, rugged halfbridge drivers. More information about this IPM is available in the reference
[2]
.
The current sampling on this board is implemented by single shunt topology with 150 m resistor. The three
capacitors C14, C32 and C34 are used as bootstrap capacitors to provide the necessary floating supply voltages
VBS1, VBS2 and VBS3, respectively.
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Figure 10 IPM and peripheral circuit
2.2.2 DC bus sensing and MCEWizard configuration
Figure 11 provides the DC bus sensing resistor details on the reference design.
The high-side resistors are 2 MΩ and the low-side resistor is 13.3 kΩ. The default DCBusSense voltage results in
a range of 0 to 3.3 V on the ADC input reflecting a range of 0 to 500 V.
Figure 11 DC bus sensing part
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The hardware parameters need to be configured in MCEWizard as show in Figure 12.
Figure 12 DC bus sensing configuration in MCEWizard
The time constant of the Vdc sensing low pass filter is ((R10 + R13) // R15) * C4 = (2 MΩ // 13.3 kΩ) * 4.7 nF = 62.1
μs. C17 can be adjusted to higher capacitance for clean Vdc sensing.
2.2.3 Current sensing and overcurrent protection
2.2.3.1 Current sensing
The current sensing on this board uses only the RC network for operational bias and low pass filter to minimize
the cost. No additional operational amplifier is needed.
Based on the principle of Kirchhoff's voltage law, and assuming the AD port input impedance is infinite, you
obtain the equation below:
The equation can be transformed to two parts as shown here:
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The impedance of the RC network is much larger than the R
shunt
, so it can be assumed that:
V
ADC
can then be written as:
Where
is the offset, and
is the gain of the shunt current.
Figure 13 Current sensing topology
Using this board for example, R1 = R20 = 2 k, R2 = R8 = 22.1 k, Vcc = 3.3 V, offset = 0.274 V, gain =
= 137.6 mV/A.
Note the following points concerning current sampling:
R8 & R20 also determine the ADC operational bias for current sensing, which corresponds to the motor
regeneration operation range. For those applications that do not work at regenerative brake mode, the bias
can be as low as possible to reserve enough ADC range for the drive mode, since negative current to DC bus
does not occur.
Since the gain of the external RC circuit is less than 1, internal signal amplification is required to increase the
ADC input voltage range with the lower shunt value. If a larger shunt is chosen, the power loss and size are
both larger. MCE provides an inner current sampling amplifier with *1, *3, *6 and *12 gain selections, which
can be configured in the MCEWizard.
There is no common mode noise-rejection ability without an outer operational amplifier, so the GND
network of the PCB needs to be dealt with very carefully, since any voltage difference between IMC101T’s
ADC ground and shunt resistor ground will be considered as an “input signal,” and will deteriorate control
performance or increase audible noise.
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Figure 14 Current-sensing circuit on the board
2.2.3.2 Overcurrent protection
The overcurrent condition can be detected by IMC101T by the two input sources, as shown in Figure 15.
Internal comparator in the IMC101T
Trigger ITRIP pin on the IPM to shut down the IPM; the fault signal will transfer to the IMC101T by GK pin,
active low
Figure 15 Overcurrent protection on the board
For more details on overcurrent protection (OCP) in the IMC101T, refer to the chapter on motor overcurrent
protection in the reference material
[7]
.
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System and functional description
1. Internal comparator in the IMC101T
The internal comparator’s reference level is set by the internal DAC. The level can be set in the MCEWizard by
“Device Overcurrent trigger level setting for Comparator” and “Motor1 Current Input to ADC Offset Voltage.”
The DAC output pin REFU needs to be connected to a capacitor; 10 nF/16 V is used on the board.
2. Trigger ITRIP pin on the IPM; the fault signal will transfer to the IMC101T by GK pin
The board designs two ways to trigger the ITRIP pin of the IPM, and users can select either one to achieve
overcurrent protection.
Trigger by the comparator U5
Directly trigger from shunt
Figure 16 shows the ITRIP trigger level which is typically 0.5 V, positive logic. Figure 17 indicates that the inner
filter time of ITRIP signal is 500 ns.
Figure 16 IM231 ITRIP threshold specification
Figure 17 IM231 ITRIP filter time specification
Figure 18 IM231 ITRIP signal propagation delay time
Figure 19 IM231 short circuit withstand time
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Figure 20 Current protection circuit to ITRIP of IM231
The default protection circuit on the board is the one triggered by the comparator; it is a more flexible way to
set the reference voltage. On this board, we set the voltage as
; the shunt resistor
on the board is 150 m, i.e., the theoretical protection value is 3.05 A peak. The reference voltage can be easily
adjusted by the divider resistor.
On the board, R24 = 1 k, C24 = 470 pF; the filter time constant is RC = 1 k * 470 pF = 470 ns; output part R22 =
1 k, C40 = 1 nF; the filter time constant is RC = 1 k * 1 nF = 1 s. Therefore, the total delay time is about 1.5 s.
Figure 21 shows the waveform of the comparator. CH1 is the shunt voltage and CH2 connection to the ITRIP pin
of the IPM. You might find that the ITRIP signal time - from 0 to 63.2% (0 - 2.08 V) - is about 0.95 s, which is
close to the theoretical value of 1 s, and notice that the ITRIP trigger level is only 0.5 V. Therefore, the total
response time of the comparator is about 1 s, plus the added propagation delay time of 1.3 s in Figure 18
equals a total time of about 2.3 s, which is only 80% of the short-circuit withstand time of 3 s in Figure 19.
CH1-Shunt Voltage
CH2- ITRIP
Figure 21 Dynamic response of the protection circuit with comparator
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System and functional description
Another way to trigger the ITRIP is to directly connect the shunt to the ITRIP as indicated in Figure 22. It needs
to disconnect the output of the comparator U5 by removing R30 and soldering R25. If R25 = 1 k, the RC filter
time constant will equal the RC, which is 1s. Figure 22 shows the test waveform.
CH2- ITRIP
CH1- Shunt Voltage
Figure 22 Dynamic response of the protection circuit when directly connecting to shunt
2.2.4 NTC sensing and thermal protection
Pin 7 of IMC101T-T038 is the ADC port dedicated to NTC temperature sampling. On the board, Pin 11 of the IPM
IM231-L6S1B is connected to the ADC channel by the circuit shown in Figure 23.
C5
10nF
Vcc
IMC101T-T038
Pin7
R5
10kΩ
IM231-L6S1B
NTC
11
1
Vth
Figure 23 NTC sensing circuit
Referring to the datasheet of IM231 series IPM
[1]
, the parameters of the thermistor can be obtained. The B-
constant is 4006 K 1%, R
25
= 47 k 5%. Based on the typical value of the thermistor resistance, voltage of the
Vth can be obtained in Table 4.
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Table 4 Thermistor characteristics with V
cc
= 3.3 V
Temperature(C)
Resistance typ. (k)
Vth (mV)
50
16.43
2.05
60
11.19
1.74
70
7.77
1.44
80
5.48
1.17
90
3.94
0.93
100
2.87
0.74
110
2.13
0.58
120
1.59
0.45
125
1.38
0.40
The firmware inside the IMC101T integrates the over-temperature protection function, which is triggered by the
voltage Vth. The only thing to do is to set the proper trigger level in the MCEWizard. More information can be
found in the over-temperature protection section of the reference material
[7]
.
2.3 Frequency signal interface
Since current refrigerator applications mainly use frequency signals to control the compressor speed, the
board is designed with a frequency signal interface. Figure 24 shows the interface circuit. The input signal is
isolated from the control and power parts on the board.
The board have two types of input interface:
Square wave interface (default, remove the D3, R15 )
AC 220V as the control input (you need to remove R18, and install D3, R15)
Type one is a more common signal type, while type two is used less, leaving only the interface for customers
who need it.
Figure 24 Frequency interface circuit
The optocoupler output is pulled up to 15 V, because the board uses the output signal to control the linear
voltage regulator IFX54211MB V33. If this function is not needed, the user can use the 3.3 V/5 V to pull up. The
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System and functional description
grey part of the circuit is used to control the Enable/Disable of the linear voltage regulator, which can be
disabled during no control signal input. The detail will be introduced in Section 2.4.
A typical square wave input signal for refrigerator applications is shown in Table 5 for reference.
Table 5 Typical frequency/speed characteristic
Signal frequency fn (Hz)
Motor speed n (RPM)
fn < 30
Stop
30 ≤ fn < 40
Minimum speed
40 ≤ fn < 150
30 * f
n
150 ≤ fn < 200
Maximum speed
fn ≥ 200
Stop
2.4 Linear voltage regulator and control
Considering the requirements for standby power consumption in refrigerator applications, the board selects a
linear power supply with an Enable function. The part number of this linear voltage regulator is IFX54211MB
V33 which is also an Infineon product. On the board, we have designed the circuit to transfer the Frequency
signal to enable signal as shown in Figure 25. If you do not need this function, jump the jumper J5 on the board
so that the linear voltage regulator is always on Enable.
Here is a brief explanation of the principle of the circuit: IFX54211MB V33’s Enable signal is positive logic, which
means high level input enable the 3.3 V output. If there is no frequency signal input, the gate drive voltage of Q2
is high, which means the Q2 is on, the Enable signal is low so that the LDO of 3.3 V is disabled. If there is a
frequency signal input, the charge in the capacitor C5 will discharge through the D5-R32-U3 during the high
level input, and charge through R27, R29. When the voltage of capacitor C5 drops down to the gate threshold
voltage of Q2, the Q2 will shut down, and the Enable signal will be high, so the LDO of 3.3 V will be enabled.
Figure 25 IFX54211MB V33 Enable function control circuit
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Details of the schematics, layout, BOM and connectors
3 Details of the schematics, layout, BOM and connectors
This section provides the complete details of the schematics, layout and connectors. Please note that the
schematics, routing and Gerber generation are done in Altium designer. Customers who are interested in the
original Altium format files or pdf files for better clarity can visit www.infineon.com.
3.1 Schematics
The major function blocks are introduced in the Section 2.2. Customers who are interested in the further details
can download the design files after logging in your account on Infineon webpage.
3.2 Layout
The board is designed in two layers, and its dimensions are 78 mm × 78 mm, manufactured with 1 oz. (35 µm)
copper thickness. The project is designed with Altium Designer, and all design files can be downloaded after
logging in your account on Infineon webpage.
Figure 26 Top view of the board
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Details of the schematics, layout, BOM and connectors
Figure 27 Bottom view of the board
Here are a few design tips to note for your reference.
Thermal performance of the IPM
Pin17 (DCP) /18 (U)/21 (V)/23 (W) of the IPM are the terminals for directly connecting the lead frame. Maximizing
the copper area of these pins could effectively reduce the IGBT junction temperature.
Ground layout
Since current sampling is non-differential and without op-amp, the area should be carefully laid out; the digital
ground should refer to the shunt ground to ensure sampling noise is correct.
3.3 Bill of material
The complete bill of material is available on the download section of the Infineon homepage. A log-in is
required to download this material.
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Details of the schematics, layout, BOM and connectors
Table 6 The most critical parts of the reference board
S. No.
Ref designator
Description
Manufacturer
Manufacturer P/N
1
U1
IC MOTOR DRIVER 3V-
5.5 V TSSOP-38
Infineon Technologies
IMC101TT038XUMA1
2
U4
IPM CIPOS MICRO
Infineon Technologies
IM231-L6S1B
3
U6
IC REG LINEAR 3.3 V 150
mA SCT595
Infineon Technologies
IFX54211MBV33
4
Q1, Q2
MOSFET N-CH 30 V 2.7 A
SOT-23-3
Infineon Technologies
IRLML2030TRPBF
5
C15
WCAP-FTX2 Film
Capacitors, 15x10x16
mm, 275 V AC, 470 nF
Wurth Elektronik
890324024005
6
C17
WCAP-FTX2 Film
Capacitors, 15x8.5x14
mm, 275 V AC, 330 nF
Wurth Elektronik
890324024003
7
C21
WCAP-ATG8 Aluminum
Electrolytic Capacitors,
6.3x11 mm, 25 Vdc, 220
uF
Wurth Elektronik
860010473011
8
C36
WCAP-ATG8 Aluminum
Electrolytic Capacitors,
5x11 mm, 16 Vdc, 100 uF
Wurth Elektronik
860010372006
9
J2
WR-WTB 2.54 mm Male
Locking Header, 2p
Wurth Elektronik
61900211121
10
L1
WE-CMB Common Mode
Power Line Choke, Type
XS, 4 mH, 1.5 A, 250 V
Wurth Elektronik
744821240
11
RV1
WE-VD Disk Varistor,
size 10 mm, 300 Vrms,
385 Vdc
Wurth Elektronik
820513011
12
C27, C28
WCAP-AT1H THT
Aluminum Electrolytic
Capacitors, D16 mm x
L35.5 mm, 100 uF, +/20%, 450 VDC
Wurth Elektronik
860241480001
13
C29, C30
WCAP-CSST Soft
Termination Ceramic
Capacitors, size 1206, 22
nF, +/-10%, 500 VDC
Wurth Elektronik
885382208010
14
J5
CONN HEADER VERT 2
POS 2.54 MM
Würth Elektronik
150060RS75000
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Details of the schematics, layout, BOM and connectors
3.4 Connector details
Table 7 J1- AC Line connector
PIN
Label
Function
1 L AC line input
2 N AC neutral input
3 N AC neutral input
Table 8 J2- Frequency input signal connector
PIN
Label
Function
1
Frequency input
Frequency input signal, isolated by optocoupler
2
Frequency ground
Frequency input signal ground, isolated by optocoupler
Table 9 J3- Motor side connector
PIN
Label
Function
1 U Connected to motor phase U
2 V Connected to motor phase V
3 W Connected to motor phase W
Table 10 J4- Earth connector
PIN
Label
Function
1
Earth
Table 11 J5- Jumper
PIN
Label
Function
1
MOSFET’s Gate
Short pin 1 and 2 will enable 3.3 V directly, otherwise 3.3 V is controlled
by frequency signal.
2
Ground
Table 12 J6- iMOTION
TM
Link connector
PIN
Label
Function
1
TXD1
User UART for script communication
2
RXD1
User UART for script communication
3 & 6
+3.3V
On board 3.3 V supply
4 & 5
GND
Ground
7
RXD0
MCEDesigner & firmware download
8
TXD0
MCEDesigner & firmware download
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System performance
4 System performance
4.1 Thermal characterization test
Figure 28 and Figure 29 show the thermal characterizations of REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231, based on 2 layers FR4
PCB with 1 oz. copper.
The tests reported on were performed under the following conditions: t
amb
=25°C, V
ac
= 220 V, with different input
power until the IPM case reaches 100°C. There are three PWM frequencies (5, 8 and 16 kHz), and 3-phase
modulation mode only.
Figure 28 REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 thermal characterization case temperature – input power, t
amb
=
25°C
Table 13 Input power and current characterization
Input power (W)
30
60
100
140
180
220
Input current (A)
0.24
0.45
0.72
1.03
1.32
1.6
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0 50 100 150 200 250
Case Temperature(
)
Input Power(W)
REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231
Thermal Characterization, T
amb
= 25
5 kHz 8 kHz 16 kHz
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System performance
Figure 29 REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231 thermal characterization, case temperature - motor phase
current, t
amb
= 25°C
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75
Case Temp
erature
()
Motor Phase Current (A)
REF_Fridge_C101T_IM231
Thermal Characterization, T
amb
= 25
5 kHz 8 kHz 16 kHz
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Reference and appendices
5 Reference and appendices
5.1 Abbreviations and definitions
Table 14 Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Meaning
BLDC
Brushless direct current motor
CIPOS
Control integrated power system
FOC
Field oriented control
IPM
Intelligent power module
UL
Underwriters Laboratories
PMSM
Permanent magnet synchronous motor
5.2 Reference
[1] Infineon Technologies AG. Datasheet of Infineon IM231-L6S1B (2019). V2.1 www.infineon.com
[2] Infineon Technologies AG. Datasheet of Infineon IMC101T-T038 (2019). V1.4 www.infineon.com
[3] Infineon Technologies AG. Datasheet of Infineon IFX54211MB V33 (2015). V1.0 www.infineon.com
[4] Infineon Technologies AG. Datasheet of IRLM2030TRPbF (2009) www.infineon.com
[5] Infineon Technologies AG. MCEWizard_V2.3.0.0 User Guide (2019) www.infineon.com
[6] Infineon Technologies AG. MCEDesigner_V2.3.0.0 Application Guide (2019) www.infineon.com
[7] Infineon Technologies AG. iMOTION™ Motion Control Engine Software Reference Manual (2020) V1.3
www.infineon.com
5.3 Additional information
In order to initiate testing, customers are advised to order the iMOTIONTM Link, the information is listed in the
Table 15.
The Infineon’s components on the board are listed in the Table 15 as well, the customers can visit the
corresponding webpage for more information.
Table 15 Additional information of tools and Infineon’s components
Base part number
Package
Standard pack
Orderable part number
Form
Quantity
iMOTIONTM Link
Container
1
IMOTIONLINK
IMC101T-T038
PG-TSSOP-38-9
Tape and reel
3000
IMC101TT038XUMA1
IM231-L6S1B
SOP 29x12
Tube
240
IM231L6S1BALMA1
IM231-L6S1B
SOP 29x12
Tape and reel
500
IM231L6S1BAUMA1
IFX54211MB V33
PGSCT595
Tape and reel
3000
IFX54211MBV33HTSA1
IRLML2030TRPBF
SOT-23
Tape and reel
3000
IRLML2030TRPBF
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Revision history
Revision history
Document
version
Date of release
Description of changes
1.0
2020-09-29
First release
Trademarks
All referenced product or service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Edition 2020-09-29
UG-2020-17
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2020 Infineon Technologies AG.
All Rights Reserved.
Do you have a question about this
document?
Email: erratum@infineon.com
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(www.infineon.com).
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