Infineon AN553 User Manual
Application Note Please read the Important Notice and Warnings at the end of this document V1.3
www.infineon.com page 1 of 38 2020-05-05
AN553
24 GHz transceiver - BGT24MTR12
P osi t i o n2 G o – XE NS IV ™ 24 G Hz r ad ar d em o k i t w it h
B GT 24 MT R1 2 an d X M C4 70 0 32 - b it A R M ® C o r t e x™ -M 4 MC U fo r
r an gi n g , mo ve me nt a nd t a r g et p o s i t io n es ti ma ti on
B o ar d v er s i on V 1 . 2
About this document
Scope and purpose
This application note describes the key features of Infineon’s Position2Go module equipped with the 24 GHz
transceiver chip BGT24MTR12 and the 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M4 based XMC4700 microcontroller and helps the
user to quickly get started with the demo board.
1. The application note describes the hardware configuration and specifications of the sensor module in
detail.
2. It also provides a guide to configure the hardware and implement simple radar applications with the
firmware/software developed.
Intended audience
This document serves as a primer for users who want to get started with hardware design for target position
estimation using the Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar technique at 24 GHz.
Related documents
Additional information can be found in the supplementary documentation provided with the Position2Go Kit in
the Infineon Toolbox or from www.infineon.com/24GHz:
24 GHz Radar Tools and Development Environment User Manual
P2G Software User Manual
Application Note page 2 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
Table of contents
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
Table of contents
About this document ....................................................................................................................... 1
Table of contents ............................................................................................................................ 2
List of figures ................................................................................................................................. 3
List of tables .................................................................................................................................. 4
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Key features ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2 Getting started .............................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Additional material ................................................................................................................................. 9
3 System specifications .................................................................................................... 10
4 Hardware description ................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2 Hardware features ................................................................................................................................. 13
4.3 Block diagram ........................................................................................................................................ 14
4.4 Power supply ......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.5 RF front end ........................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5.1 Board stack-up ................................................................................................................................. 17
4.5.2 BGT24MTR12 – 24 GHz transceiver MMIC ........................................................................................ 18
4.5.3 Module transmitter section ............................................................................................................. 19
4.5.4 Module receiver section ................................................................................................................... 19
4.5.5 Antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 20
4.6 Prescaler output and PLL section ......................................................................................................... 20
4.7 Analog baseband section ...................................................................................................................... 22
4.7.1 Gain settings ..................................................................................................................................... 23
4.7.2 IF section and FMCW ramp setting .................................................................................................. 24
4.8 Duty-cycle circuit for low-power operation (default mode) ................................................................ 25
4.9 External pin header connectors ............................................................................................................ 26
4.10 Microcontroller unit – XMC4700 ............................................................................................................ 28
4.11 Onboard debugger and UART connection ........................................................................................... 28
4.12 User LEDs ............................................................................................................................................... 29
5 Measurement results..................................................................................................... 30
5.1 Measurement default configuration ..................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Maximum distance measurement ........................................................................................................ 30
5.3 Range accuracy measurement ............................................................................................................. 31
5.4 Angular accuracy measurement ........................................................................................................... 32
5.5 Temperature chamber measurement .................................................................................................. 33
6 Frequency band and regulations .................................................................................... 34
6.1 24 GHz regulations ................................................................................................................................ 34
6.2 Regulations in Europe ........................................................................................................................... 34
6.3 Regulations in the United States of America ........................................................................................ 34
7 Authors ........................................................................................................................ 35
8 References ................................................................................................................... 36
Revision history............................................................................................................................. 37
Application Note page 3 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
List of figures
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
List of figures
Figure 1 Steps 1 to 3 to get started with Position2Go demo board ................................................................. 7
Figure 2 Steps 4 to 6 to get started with Position2Go demo board ................................................................. 8
Figure 3 Steps 7 to 9 to get started with Position2Go demo board ................................................................. 9
Figure 4 Position2Go board with main components and dimensions .......................................................... 12
Figure 5 Block diagram – Position2Go demo board....................................................................................... 15
Figure 6 Block diagram – power supply concept ........................................................................................... 16
Figure 7 RF front end overview (top) .............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 8 PCB cross-section .............................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 9 Block diagram – BGT24MTR12 .......................................................................................................... 18
Figure 10 Transmitter section schematic and matching structure dimensions ............................................. 19
Figure 11 Receiver section schematic and matching structure dimensions................................................... 19
Figure 12 2D radiation pattern for array antennas........................................................................................... 20
Figure 13 Block diagram for PLL control loop .................................................................................................. 21
Figure 14 PLL section overview with loop filter components .......................................................................... 22
Figure 15 Baseband amplifier chain on PCB .................................................................................................... 22
Figure 16 PGA gain plots for different settings ................................................................................................. 24
Figure 17 BGT24MTR12 duty-cycle concept ..................................................................................................... 25
Figure 18 Duty-cycle vs. no duty-cycle current consumption ......................................................................... 26
Figure 19 Position2Go external header pin overview ...................................................................................... 26
Figure 20 Block diagram – XMC4700 ................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 21 Recommended installation options for the J-Link driver ................................................................ 28
Figure 22 Breakable onboard debugger section .............................................................................................. 29
Figure 23 Maximum distance vs. AoA................................................................................................................ 30
Figure 24 Range accuracy for 1 m2 corner reflector target .............................................................................. 31
Figure 25 Angular accuracy for 1 m2 corner reflector target ............................................................................ 32
Figure 26 Temperature measurement at 25°C (markers at 24.000 GHz and 24.250 GHz) .............................. 33
Figure 27 Temperature measurement at 85°C (markers at 24.000 GHz and 24.250 GHz) .............................. 33
Figure 28 Temperature measurement at -35°C (markers at 24.000 GHz and 24.250 GHz) ............................. 33
Application Note page 4 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
List of tables
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
List of tables
Table 1 Position2Go module performance specifications ........................................................................... 10
Table 2 PLL loop filter components and values ............................................................................................ 21
Table 3 PLL pin description ............................................................................................................................ 21
Table 4 Baseband amplifiers to MCU pin connections ................................................................................. 23
Table 5 IF BB section gain settings ................................................................................................................ 23
Table 6 IF frequency vs. FMCW ramp parameters vs. target distance .......................................................... 24
Table 7 External headers – pin description ................................................................................................... 27
Table 8 XMC4200 pins used for debugging and UART communication ....................................................... 29
Table 9 User LEDs pin assignment ................................................................................................................. 29
Application Note page 5 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
Introduction
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
1 Introduction
The Position2Go Kit is a demonstration platform for Infineon’s silicon-germanium (SiGe) based 24 GHz
BGT24MTR12 radar chipset. The board is capable of measuring distance, speed, direction of movement and
Angle of Arrival (AoA). These features of the board make it suitable for various applications such as tracking
humans, presence detection, collision avoidance, etc.
The Position2Go board consists of the following key components:
BGT24MTR12 – highly integrated 24 GHz transceiver IC with one transmitter (TX) and two receivers (RX)
XMC4700 – 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M4 based microcontroller for signal processing
IRLHS2242 – 20 V single P-channel HEXFET power MOSFET for duty-cycle operation
XMC4200 onboard debugger – licensed firmware for Serial Wire Debug (SWD) and UART to USB
communication
The main radar technique used on the board is FMCW. In this technique, the time delay between the
transmitted and received chirp is used for measuring distance to the target(s). The transmitted and received
signals are mixed and then quantized for further processing. Multiple chirps (up to 16) are processed in order to
create a 2D range-Doppler map to estimate the distance and the velocity of the target(s). Since the MMIC has
two receivers, a phase monopulse comparison technique is used to determine the AoA.
The module provides a complete radar system evaluation platform including demonstration software and a
graphical user interface (GUI) that can be used to display and analyze acquired data in time and frequency
domain. An onboard breakable debugger with a licensed firmware from SEGGER enables easy debugging over
USB. Infineon’s powerful, free-of-charge toolchain DAVE™ can be used to program the XMC4700
microcontroller. The board also features integrated micro-strip patch antennas on the PCB, including the
design data, thereby eliminating antenna design complexity at the user end.
This application note describes the key features and hardware configuration of the Position2Go module in
detail.
Application Note page 6 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
Introduction
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
1.1 Key features
The primary features of the Position2Go board are:
Detect and track position of multiple targets in outdoor environments
Measure distance of multiple targets in a user-configurable range (1 to 50 m)
Detect motion, presence, speed and direction of movement (approaching or retreating) for human
targets
Small form factor: 5 x 4.5 cm
Operational in different weather conditions such as rain, fog, etc.
Can be hidden in the end application as it detects through non-metallic materials
Dual analog amplifier stages for each RX channel with user-configurable gain settings
Micro-strip patch antennas with 12 dBi gain and 19 x 76 degrees Field of View (FoV)
Onboard PMOS switch for duty-cycle operation and low power consumption
Note: The platform serves as a demonstrator platform with the software to perform simple motion sensing,
ranging and tracking. The test data in this document show typical performance of Infineon-produced
platforms. However, board performance may vary depending on the PCB manufacturer and specific design
rules they may impose and components they may use.
Application Note page 7 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
Getting started
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
2 Getting started
This section provides a step-by-step quick process to get started with the Position2Go board. Some of the steps
are optional for going deeper into the analysis of the board, the firmware and the extracted signals.
STEP 1
STEP 2
ST EP 3
Box contents
• Programmed Position2Go
board
• Micro-USB cable
• Foldable corner reflector
Infineon Toolbox
• Go to:
www.infineon.com/Toolbox
• Click on “Download now”
button.
• Run “infineon-toolbox-
launcher-web-installer-winx86-latest.exe” file.
• “Accept” the license
agreement.
• Finish installation. Create a
desktop shortcut.
Install Position2Go Kit
• Open “Infineon Toolbox”.
• Click on “Manage tools” tab.
• Search for “Position2Go Kit”.
• Click on “Install”.
• “Accept” the license
agreement.
• Finish installation.
Figure 1 Steps 1 to 3 to get started with Position2Go demo board
Application Note page 8 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
Getting started
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
STEP 4
STEP 5
ST EP 6
Download SW/HW package
• Open “Infineon Toolbox”.
• Click on “Position2Go Kit”.
• Download the package from
“Software & Documentation”
left tab.
• Save the set-up file and run
it.
• Browse to preferred location
to store the files.
Connect board
• Insert micro USB cable into
Position2Go (main board).
• Insert the USB connector
into PC USB port.
If the device driver is not
recognized:
Right click on “My Computer”
Manage Device Manager
Other devices Right click on
“Unknown device” Update
Driver Software Browse
Firmware_Software
XMC_Serial_Driver.
Firmware (FW) update
• Download and install
SEGGER J-Link USB drivers
for Windows:
• Connect USB cables on
both sides (main board and
debugger).
• Open Infineon Toolbox
XMC Flasher.
• Check that debugger type is
“SEGGER”, otherwise go to:
“Configurations” “Setup”,
then set it to “SEGGER”.
• Click on “Connect”
XMC4700-2048.
• Click on “Select file”
Browse to
Firmware_Software Binary
.hex file Program.
Figure 2 Steps 4 to 6 to get started with Position2Go demo board
P2G-HW-SW.exe
www.segger.com/download
s/jlink/#JLinkSoftwareAndDocument
ationPack
Optional
Optional
Application Note page 9 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
Getting started
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
STEP 7
STEP 8
ST EP 9
View and edit source code
• Download and install
DAVE™ IDE tool:
• Go to Firmware_Software
DAVE project.
• Run DAVE™ IDE.
• Import DAVE™ projects and
debug.
Radar GUI
• Connect board as STEP 5.
• Open Infineon Toolbox
Radar GUI.
• Real-time data is now
visible on your screen.
MATLAB interface
• Go to: Firmware_Software
Communication Library
ComLib_Matlab_Interface
RadarSystemExamples
GettingStarted. Copy the path.
• Open MATLAB. Paste the path
in the top tab.
“extract_raw_data.m” file will
show up on the left tab.
• Connect board as STEP 5.
• Click on “Run” to see raw data.
Figure 3 Steps 7 to 9 to get started with Position2Go demo board
2.1 Additional material
The board comes with additional documentation for customer support. These documents can be found in the
folders downloaded through Step 4 in Figure 2. They are:
Altium project
DAVE™ project and binary files
Software user manual
ComLib documentation
Schematics
Bill of Materials (BOM)
Production data
Optional
https://infineoncommunity
.com/davedownload_ID645
Optional
Application Note page 10 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
System specifications
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
3 System specifications
Table 1 gives the specifications of the Position2Go module.
Table 1 Position2Go module performance specifications
Parameter
Unit
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Comments
System performance
Minimum speed
km/h
0.7
Based on the formula:
Min speed (m/s) = /(2
)
in P2G_FMCW firmware
= wavelength (m)
= DOPPLER_FFT_SIZE
= Pulse Repetition Time
Maximum speed
km/h
22.4
Based on the formula:
Max speed (m/s) = /(4 )
in P2G_FMCW firmware
= wavelength (m)
= Pulse Repetition Time
Minimum distance
cm 60
Radar Cross-Section (RCS) = 1 m²
Maximum distance
m 15
RCS = 1 m
2
(based on 100 LSB
range detection threshold)
Range accuracy (for values
beyond 60 cm)
cm ±20
RCS = 1 m2
Range resolution
cm 90
With Blackman window
(BW 200 MHz, 300 µs ramp up, 64
samples/chirp, 256 FFT size)
Angle accuracy
Degrees
≤ 5
FoV +/-30 degrees
RCS = 1 m2 at 3 m range
Degrees
≤ 10
FoV +/-65 degrees
RCS = 1 m2 at 3 m range
Power supply
Supply voltage
V
3.3 5 5.5
Supply current
mA 420
All blocks on (no duty-cycle)
Transmitter characteristics
Transmitter frequency
GHz
24.0
24.25
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
(EIRP)
dBm 18
EIRP controllable via SPI for ISM
operation
System phase noise with PLL
dBc/Hz
-89
At 100 kHz offset, VCOARSE =
VFINE. Measured in CW mode
External oscillator frequency
MHz 40
Application Note page 11 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
System specifications
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
Table 1 Position2Go module performance specifications
Parameter
Unit
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Comments
Receiver characteristics
Receiver frequency
GHz
24.0
24.25
IF conversion gain
(Stage 1)
dB 23.5
-3dB bandwidth
(Stage 1)
kHz
14 to
140
Can be selected by reconfiguring
the ADC pins in DAVE™ project
IF conversion gain
(Stage 1 + Stage 2)
dB
23.5
47.5
65.5
Configurable by PGA SPI settings
of Stage 2
-3dB bandwidth
(Stage 1 + Stage 2)
kHz
13 to
105
Default setting of the sensor
module when delivered
Antenna characteristics (measured)
Antenna type (TX/RX)
1 x 6
Horizontal – 3dB beamwidth
Degrees
76
Elevation – 3dB beamwidth
Degrees
19
Horizontal sidelobe level
suppression
dB 20
Vertical sidelobe level suppression
dB 20
Note: The above specifications are indicative values based on typical datasheet parameters of BGT24MTR12 and
simulation of several other parameters (antenna characteristics and baseband section) and can vary from
module to module. The numbers above are not guaranteed indicators for module performance for all
operating conditions.
Application Note page 12 of 38 V1.3
2020-05-05
Hardware description
Position2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and target position
estimation
4 Hardware description
4.1 Overview
The Position2Go module contains a radar main board and a breakable debugger board as shown in Figure 4.
The radar main board contains four important sections:
RF part – consists of the Infineon 24 GHz radar MMIC – BGT24MTR12 and the tapered micro-strip patch
antennas for the TX and RX sections;
Analog amplifier part – provides the interface between the RF and digital parts of the board. It has
programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs), which can be programmed over the SPI to provide variable gains
for different use cases;
Frequency control part – contains a low-noise fractional-N PLL;
Digital part – consists of a XMC4700, 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M4 microcontroller from Infineon to sample
and process the analog data from the radar front end and also to configure the BGT24MTR12, PLL and
PGAs via an SPI.
The board demonstrates the features of the BGT24MTR12 RF front-end chip and gives the user a complete
“plug and play” radar solution. It makes it possible to quickly gather sampled radar data that can be used to
develop radar signal-processing algorithms on a PC or implement target detection algorithms directly on the
microcontroller using DAVE™.
50 mm
45 mm
15 mm
Debugger board
(breakable)
Main board
(RF front-end + MCU)
Tx Patch
Antenna
Rx Patch
Antenna
BGT24
MTR12
XMC4700
PLL
PGA (BB Section)
FOV:
19°x76°
Figure 4 Position2Go board with main components and dimensions
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