Infineon AN543 User Manual
Application Note Please read the Important Notice and Warnings at the end of this document V1.5
www.infineon.com page 1 of 43 2020-05-05
AN543
24 GHz transceiver - BGT24MTR11
D i s t a n c e 2 Go – X EN SI V™ 2 4 GH z ra da r de mo k i t w i th
B GT 24 MT R1 1 an d X M C4 20 0 32 - b it A R M ® C o r te x™ -M 4 MC U fo r
r an gi n g , mo ve me nt a nd p re se nc e de te ct io n
B o ar d v er s i on V 1 . 1
About this document
Scope and purpose
This application note describes the key features of Infineon’s Distance2Go module equipped with the 24 GHz
transceiver chipset BGT24MTR11 and the 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M4 based XMC4200 microcontroller and helps
users quickly get started with the demo board.
1. The application note describes the hardware configuration and specifications of the sensor module in
detail.
2. It also provides a guide to configure the hardware and implement simple radar applications with the
firmware/software developed.
Intended audience
This document serves as a primer for users who want to get started with hardware design for distance
measurement and speed estimation using Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) and Doppler radar
techniques at 24 GHz.
Related documents
Additional information can be found in the supplementary documentation provided with the Distance2Go Kit in
the Infineon Toolbox or from www.infineon.com/24GHz:
24 GHz Radar Tools and Development Environment User Manual
Application Note page 2 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
Table of contents
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
Table of contents
About this document ....................................................................................................................... 1
Table of contents ............................................................................................................................ 2
List of figures ................................................................................................................................. 3
List of tables .................................................................................................................................. 4
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Key features ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2 Getting started .............................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Additional material ................................................................................................................................. 9
3 System specifications .................................................................................................... 10
4 Hardware description ................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2 Hardware features ................................................................................................................................. 13
4.3 Block diagram ........................................................................................................................................ 14
4.4 Power supply ......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.5 RF front end ........................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5.1 Board stack-up ................................................................................................................................. 17
4.5.2 BGT24MTR11 – 24 GHz transceiver MMIC ........................................................................................ 18
4.5.3 Module transmitter section ............................................................................................................. 18
4.5.4 Module receiver section ................................................................................................................... 19
4.5.5 Antennas ........................................................................................................................................... 19
4.6 Prescaler output and PLL section ......................................................................................................... 22
4.7 Analog baseband section ...................................................................................................................... 23
4.7.1 Overview – low gain mode ............................................................................................................... 25
4.7.2 Overview – high gain mode .............................................................................................................. 26
4.7.3 IF section and FMCW ramp settings................................................................................................. 28
4.7.4 Baseband amplifier settings for implementing Doppler radar ...................................................... 28
4.8 Duty-cycle circuit for low-power operation (default mode) ................................................................ 29
4.9 External pin header connectors ............................................................................................................ 31
4.10 Microcontroller unit – XMC4200 ............................................................................................................ 32
4.11 Onboard debugger and UART connection ........................................................................................... 33
4.12 User LEDs ............................................................................................................................................... 34
5 Measurement results..................................................................................................... 35
5.1 Measurement set-up ............................................................................................................................. 35
5.2 Measurements ....................................................................................................................................... 36
5.3 Range measurement accuracy ............................................................................................................. 36
5.4 Temperature chamber measurement .................................................................................................. 38
6 Frequency band and regulations .................................................................................... 39
6.1 24 GHz regulations ................................................................................................................................ 39
6.2 Regulations in Europe ........................................................................................................................... 39
6.3 Regulations in the United States of America ........................................................................................ 39
7 Authors ........................................................................................................................ 40
8 References ................................................................................................................... 41
Revision history............................................................................................................................. 42
Application Note page 3 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
List of figures
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
List of figures
Figure 1 Steps 1 to 3 to get started with Distance2Go demo board ................................................................ 7
Figure 2 Steps 4 to 6 to get started with Distance2Go demo board ................................................................ 8
Figure 3 Steps 7 to 9 to get started with Distance2Go demo board ................................................................ 9
Figure 4 Distance2Go board with main components and dimensions ......................................................... 12
Figure 5 Block diagram – Distance2Go demo board ...................................................................................... 15
Figure 6 Block diagram – power supply concept ........................................................................................... 16
Figure 7 Configuration of U20 regulator for low-power operation ............................................................... 16
Figure 8 RF front end overview (top) .............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 9 PCB cross-section .............................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 10 Block diagram – BGT24MTR11 .......................................................................................................... 18
Figure 11 Transmitter section schematic and matching structure dimensions ............................................. 19
Figure 12 Receiver section schematic and matching structure dimensions................................................... 19
Figure 13 2D and 3D radiation pattern for micro-strip patch antennas (simulated) ...................................... 20
Figure 14 Measured radiation characteristics .................................................................................................. 21
Figure 15 PLL section overview with loop filter components .......................................................................... 23
Figure 16 Baseband amplifier chain on PCB .................................................................................................... 24
Figure 17 Baseband amplifier schematic ......................................................................................................... 24
Figure 18 Baseband frequency response – low gain mode ............................................................................. 26
Figure 19 Baseband frequency response – high gain mode ............................................................................ 26
Figure 20 Baseband frequency response – high gain mode improved ........................................................... 27
Figure 21 BGT24MTR11 duty-cycle concept ..................................................................................................... 29
Figure 22 Duty-cycle vs. no duty-cycle current consumption ......................................................................... 30
Figure 23 Distance2Go external header pin overview...................................................................................... 31
Figure 24 Block diagram – XMC4200 ................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 25 Recommended installation options for the J-Link driver ................................................................ 33
Figure 26 Breakable onboard debugger section .............................................................................................. 34
Figure 27 Distance2Go – Outdoor measurement set-up ................................................................................. 35
Figure 28 Distance measurements (radar vs. laser) – target with 1 m2 RCS .................................................... 37
Figure 29 Distance measurements (radar vs. laser) – target with 10 m2 RCS .................................................. 37
Figure 30 Temperature measurement at 25°C (markers at 24.000 GHz and 24.250 GHz) .............................. 38
Figure 31 Temperature measurement at 85°C (markers at 24.000 GHz and 24.250 GHz) .............................. 38
Figure 32 Temperature measurement at -35°C (markers at 24.000 GHz and 24.250 GHz) ............................. 38
Application Note page 4 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
List of tables
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
List of tables
Table 1 Distance2Go module performance specifications ........................................................................... 10
Table 2 PLL loop filter components and values ............................................................................................ 22
Table 3 PLL pin description ............................................................................................................................ 22
Table 4 Baseband amplifiers to MCU pin connections ................................................................................. 25
Table 5 Baseband amplifier components and settings ................................................................................ 25
Table 6 IF frequency vs. FMCW ramp parameters vs. target distance .......................................................... 28
Table 7 Doppler shift frequencies for different speeds using 24 GHz radar ................................................. 29
Table 8 External headers – pin description ................................................................................................... 31
Table 9 XMC4200 pins used for debugging and UART communication ....................................................... 33
Table 10 User LEDs pin assignment ................................................................................................................. 34
Table 11 Sensor settings for outdoor measurements .................................................................................... 36
Application Note page 5 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
Introduction
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
1 Introduction
The Distance2Go kit is a demonstration platform for Infineon’s silicon-germanium (SiGe) based 24 GHz
BGT24MTR11 radar chipset. The board is capable of measuring distance, speed and direction of movement
(approaching or retreating). These features of the board make it suitable for various applications such as
motion detection, presence sensing, proximity sensing, etc.
The Distance2Go board consists of the following key components:
BGT24MTR11 – highly integrated 24 GHz transceiver IC with one transmitter (TX) and one Receiver (RX)
XMC4200 – 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M4 based microcontroller for signal processing
IRLHS2242 – 20 V single P-channel HEXFET power MOSFET for duty-cycle operation
XMC4200 onboard debugger – licensed firmware for Serial Wire Debug (SWD) and UART to USB
communication
The radar techniques used on the board are Continuous Wave (CW/Doppler) radar for velocity estimation and
FMCW for distance measurements. In the CW/Doppler technique, the principle of the Doppler effect is used. The
radar transmits a constant frequency signal continuously and receives the echo signal from the moving target.
The change in phase between the transmitted and received signal is used to calculate the target’s velocity.
In FMCW, the time delay between the transmitted and received chirp is used for measuring distance to the
target(s). The transmitted and received signals are mixed and then quantized for further processing. An
onboard low-noise fractional-N Phase Locked Loop (PLL) performs the frequency control and FMCW ramp
generation. Multi-stage low-noise baseband amplification stages are used for enhanced target detection.
The module provides a complete radar system evaluation platform including demonstration software and a
graphical user interface (GUI), which can be used to display and analyze acquired data in time and frequency
domain. An onboard breakable debugger with a licensed firmware from SEGGER enables easy debugging over
USB. Infineon’s powerful, free-of-charge toolchain DAVE™ can be used for programming the XMC4200
microcontroller. The board also features integrated micro-strip patch antennas on the PCB with design data,
thereby eliminating antenna design complexity at the user end.
This application note describes the key features and hardware configuration of the Distance2Go module in
detail.
Application Note page 6 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
Introduction
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
1.1 Key features
The primary features of the Distance2Go board are:
Measuring distance of multiple targets in a user-configurable range (1 to 50 m)
Detecting motion, presence, speed and direction of movement (approaching or retreating) for human
targets
Small form factor: 5 x 3.6 cm
Operational in different weather conditions such as rain, fog, etc.
Can be hidden in the end application as it detects through non-metallic materials
Dual analog amplifier stages for the RX channel
Micro-strip patch antennas with 12 dBi gain and 20 x 42 degrees Field of View (FoV)
Onboard PMOS switch for duty-cycle operation and lower power consumption
Note: The platform serves as a demonstrator platform with the software to perform simple motion sensing and
ranging. The test data in this document show typical performance of Infineon-produced platforms. However,
board performance may vary depending on the PCB manufacturer and specific design rules they may
impose and components they may use.
Application Note page 7 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
Getting started
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
2 Getting started
This section provides a step-by-step quick process to get started with the Distance2Go board. Some of the
steps are optional for going deeper into the analysis of the board, the firmware and the extracted signals.
STEP 1
STEP 2
ST EP 3
Box contents
• Programmed DistanceGo
board
• Micro-USB cable
• Foldable corner reflector
Infineon Toolbox
• Go to:
www.infineon.com/Toolbox
• Click on “Download now”
button.
• Run “infineon-toolbox-
launcher-web-installer-winx86-latest.exe” file.
• “Accept” the license
agreement.
• Finish installation. Create a
desktop shortcut.
Install Distance2Go Kit
• Open “Infineon Toolbox”.
• Click on “Manage tools” tab.
• Search for “Distance2Go Kit”.
• Click on “Install”.
• “Accept” the license agreement.
• Finish installation.
Figure 1 Steps 1 to 3 to get started with Distance2Go demo board
Application Note page 8 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
Getting started
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
STEP 4
STEP 5
ST EP 6
Download SW/HW package
• Open “Infineon Toolbox”.
• Click on “Distance2Go Kit”.
• Download the package from
“Software & Documentation”
left tab.
• Save the set-up file and run
it.
• Browse to preferred location
to store the files.
Connect board
• Insert micro-USB cable into
Distance2Go (main board).
• Insert the USB connector
into PC USB port.
If the device driver is not
recognized:
Right click on “My Computer”
Manage Device Manager
Other devices Right click on
“Unknown device” Update
Driver Software Browse
Firmware_Software
XMC_Serial_Driver.
Firmware (FW) update
• Download and install
SEGGER JLINK USB drivers
for Windows:
• Connect USB to debugger
side.
• Open Infineon Toolbox XMC
Flasher.
• Check that debugger type is
“SEGGER”, otherwise go to:
“Configurations” “Setup”,
then set it to “SEGGER”.
• Click on “Connect”
XMC4200-256.
• Click on “Select file”
Browse to
Firmware_Software Binary
.hex file Program.
Figure 2 Steps 4 to 6 to get started with Distance2Go demo board
www.segger.com/download
s/jlink/#JLinkSoftwareAndDocument
ationPack
D2G-HW-SW.exe
Optional
Optional
Application Note page 9 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
Getting started
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
STEP 7
STEP 8
STEP 9
View and edit source code
• Download and Install
DAVE™ IDE Tool:
• Go to Firmware_Software
DAVE project.
• Run DAVE™ IDE.
• Import DAVE™ projects and
debug.
Radar GUI
• Connect board as STEP 5.
• Open Infineon Toolbox
Radar GUI.
• Real-time data is now
visible on your screen.
MATLAB interface
• Go to: Firmware_Software
Communication Library
ComLib_Matlab_Interface
RadarSystemExamples
GettingStarted. Copy the path.
• Open MATLAB. Paste the path
in the top tab.
“extract_raw_data.m” file will
show up on the left tab.
• Connect board as STEP 5.
• Click on “Run” to see raw data.
Figure 3 Steps 7 to 9 to get started with Distance2Go demo board
2.1 Additional material
The board comes with additional documentation for customer support. These documents can be found in the
folders downloaded through STEP 4 in Figure 2. They are:
Altium project
DAVE™ project and binary files
ComLib documentation
Schematics
Bill of Materials (BOM)
Production data
Optional
https://infineoncommunity
.com/davedownload_ID645
Optional
Application Note page 10 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
System specifications
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
3 System specifications
Table 1 gives the specifications of the Distance2Go module.
Table 1 Distance2Go module performance specifications
Parameter
Unit
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Comments
System performance
Minimum speed
km/h
0.35
Based on the formula:
Min speed (m/s) = /(2
)
in D2G_Doppler_FMCW firmware
= wavelength (m)
= DOPPLER_FFT_SIZE
= Pulse Repetition Time
Maximum speed
km/h
5.6
Based on the formula:
Max speed (m/s) = /(4 x PRT)
in D2G_Doppler_FMCW firmware
= wavelength (m)
= Pulse Repetition Time
Minimum distance
cm 50
Radar Cross-Section (RCS) = 1 m2
and 10 m2
Maximum distance
m 15
26
RCS = 1 m2
RCS = 10 m2
Range accuracy (for values beyond
50 cm)
cm
±30
±20
RCS = 1 m2
RCS = 10 m2
Power supply
Supply voltage
V 5
5.5
Supply current
mA
400
All blocks on (no duty-cycle)
Transmitter characteristics
Transmitter frequency
GHz
24.0
24.25
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
(EIRP)
dBm
+21
Conditions:
BGT P
OUT
: +11 dBm
Loss (TX
OUT
to ant. input = 2 dB)
Simulated ant. gain = +12 dBi
System phase noise with PLL
dBc/Hz
-89
At 100 kHz offset, VCOARSE =
VFINE. Measured in CW mode
External oscillator frequency
MHz
40
Receiver characteristics
Receiver frequency
GHz
24.0
24.25
IF conversion gain – low gain
(stage 1)
dB 34
Default setting of the sensor
module when delivered
Application Note page 11 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
System specifications
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
Table 1 Distance2Go module performance specifications
Parameter
Unit
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Comments
System performance
Minimum speed
km/h
0.35
Based on the formula:
Min speed (m/s) = /(2
)
in D2G_Doppler_FMCW firmware
= wavelength (m)
= DOPPLER_FFT_SIZE
= Pulse Repetition Time
Maximum speed
km/h
5.6
Based on the formula:
Max speed (m/s) = /(4 x PRT)
in D2G_Doppler_FMCW firmware
= wavelength (m)
= Pulse Repetition Time
Minimum distance
cm 50
Radar Cross-Section (RCS) = 1 m2
and 10 m2
Maximum distance
m 15
26
RCS = 1 m2
RCS = 10 m2
Range accuracy (for values beyond
50 cm)
cm
±30
±20
RCS = 1 m2
RCS = 10 m2
-3 dB bandwidth – low gain
(stage 1)
kHz
2 to
200
Default setting of the sensor
module when delivered
IF conversion gain – high gain
(stage 1 + stage 2)
dB 64
Can be selected by reconfiguring
the ADC pins in DAVE™ project
-3 dB bandwidth – high gain
(stage 1 + stage 2)
kHz
14 to
120
Can be selected by reconfiguring
the ADC pins in DAVE™ project
Antenna characteristics (simulated)
Antenna type 2 x 4
Horizontal – 3 dB beamwidth
Degrees
42
Elevation – 3 dB beamwidth
Degrees
20
Horizontal sidelobe level
suppression
dB -13
Vertical sidelobe level suppression
dB -13
Note: The above specifications are indicative values based on typical datasheet parameters of BGT24MTR11 and
simulation of several other parameters (antenna characteristics and baseband section) and can vary from
module to module. The numbers above are not guaranteed indicators for module performance for all
operating conditions.
Application Note page 12 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
Hardware description
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
4 Hardware description
4.1 Overview
The Distance2Go module contains a radar main board and a breakable debugger board, as shown in Figure 4.
The radar main board contains four important sections:
RF part – consists of the Infineon 24 GHz radar MMIC – BGT24MTR11 and includes micro-strip patch
antennas for the TX and RX sections;
Analog amplifier part – provides the interface between the RF and digital parts of the board;
Frequency control part – contains a low-noise fractional-N PLL;
Digital part – consists of XMC4200, 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M4 microcontroller from Infineon to sample
and process the analog data from the radar front end and also to configure the BGT24MTR11 and PLL
via an SPI.
The board demonstrates the features of the BGT24MTR11 RF front-end chip and gives the user a complete
“plug and play” radar solution. It makes it possible to quickly gather sampled radar data that can be used to
develop radar signal processing algorithms on a PC or implement target detection algorithms directly on the
microcontroller using DAVE™.
Pin Header
X1
Pin Header X2
REF
40MHz
Fractional–N
PLL
P-MOS
Switch
Baseband Amplification
Section
BGT
24MTR
11
24GHz RADAR MMIC
Breakable
Debugger
Board
36mm 14mm
45
mm
Micro-USB
(Main)
Frame for Metal RF
Shield Placement
Micro-USB
(Debugger)
Figure 4 Distance2Go board with main components and dimensions
Application Note page 13 of 43 V1.5
2020-05-05
Hardware description
Distance2Go 24 GHz radar demo kit for ranging, movement and presence
detection
4.2 Hardware features
The Distance2Go demo board has the following features:
BGT24MTR11 24 GHz RF front-end chip with 1 TX and 1 RX with the following specifications:
o Low Noise Figure (NF
SSB
): 12 dB
o High conversion gain: 26 dB
o High 1 dB input compression point: -12 dBm
o Switchable prescaler with 1.5 GHz and 23 kHz output
o On-chip power and temperature sensors
XMC4200 Cortex-M4 microcontroller for sampling and signal processing of the analog signals with the
following features:
o 80 MHz CPU frequency, 256 kB Flash and 40 kB RAM size
o Two Capture/Compare Units (CCU4) for use as general-purpose timers
o Two 12-bit ADCs, eight channels each, with input out-of-range comparators and a 12-bit DAC
with two channels
o USB 2.0 device, with integrated PHY, Controller Area Network interface (MultiCAN), Full-
CAN/Basic-CAN with two nodes, 64 message objects (MOs), data rate up to 1 MBit/s
o Four Universal Serial Interface Channels (USICs), providing four serial channels, usable as UART,
double-SPI, quad-SPI, I2C, I2S and LIN interfaces
Onboard breakable debugger with UART communication
Onboard low-noise fractional-N PLL with chirp generation
Dual analog amplifier stage for each RX channel with user-configurable gain settings
Power supply:
o Via micro-USB connector
o Via external power supply (5 V maximum)
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