Impinj XSPAN User Manual

xArray/xSpan Installation and Operations Guide

Version 5.8.0

Copyright © 2012 - 2016 Impinj, Inc. All rights reserved

http://www.impinj.com

Impinj, Octane, Speedway, and xArray are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Impinj,
Inc. Visit www.impinj.com/trademarks for additional information about Impinj trademarks.

xArray/xSpan Instal lation and Operations Guide

Contents

1 Requirements, Certications, and Warnings 4

1.1 Products Covered by this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 CE Marking and European Economic Area (EEA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.4 National Communications Commission (NCC - Taiwan) Administrative Rules for

Low-power Radio-Frequency Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.5 Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.6 Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.7 Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.8 About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.8.1 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.8.2 Other Documents of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 Introduction 10

3 xArray Product Tour 11

3.1 xArray Status Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.2 Mounting the xArray using Detachable Mounting Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4 xSpan Product Tour 18

4.1 Mounting the xSpan using Detachable Mounting Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5 Powering and Connecting 23

5.1 Supplying Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.2 Connecting to a TCP/IP Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

5.3 Verifying Network Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5.4 Connect using Serial Console Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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6 Using xArray/xSpan with ItemTest 29

6.1 Download ItemTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6.2 Install and Launch ItemTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6.3 Connect and Congure the Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

6.4 Run Inventory or Location Tests with ItemTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6.5 Run Direction Tests with ItemTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

7 Conguring and Monitoring 40

7.1 Conguring the Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

7.1.1 Device Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

7.1.2 Using RShell to Congure Network Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

7.1.3 RF Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

7.2 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

7.2.1 Viewing Network Parameters and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

7.2.2 Viewing RFID Parameters and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

7.2.3 Conguring and Viewing Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

7.2.4 Viewing the State of the Gateway Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

8 Upgrading the Gateway Firmware 46

8.1 A Brief Overview of the Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

8.2 Upgrading the Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

8.2.1 Upgrading the Firmware using RShell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

8.2.2 Upgrading the Firmware with a USB Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

8.2.3 Upgrading the rmware through the Impinj Management Web UI . . . . . . 49

8.2.4 Reverting to the Previous Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

9 Troubleshooting 52

9.1 Impinj Support Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

9.2 Returning to the Default Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

9.3 Submitting Diagnostic Data for Analysis by Impinj Technical Support . . . . . . . . 55

10 Document Revision History 56

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1 Requirements, Certications, and Warnings

1.1 Products Covered by this Guide

This guide pertains to Impinj xArray/xSpan Gateways with the following part numbers:

Table 1.1: xArray Gateway Part Numbers

Gateway Communication Code Part Number

xArray FCC IPJ-REV-R680-USA

xArray ETSI IPJ-REV-R680-EU1

xArray Japan IPJ-REV-R680-JP2

xArray GX1 IPJ-REV-R680-GX1

xArray GX2 IPJ-REV-R680-GX2

xArray GX3 IPJ-REV-R680-GX3

Table 1.2: xSpan Gateway Part Numbers

Gateway Communication Code Part Number

xSpan FCC IPJ-REV-R660-USA

xSpan ETSI IPJ-REV-R660-EU1

xSpan Japan IPJ-REV-R660-JP2

xSpan GX1 IPJ-REV-R660-GX1

xSpan GX2 IPJ-REV-R660-GX2

xSpan GX3 IPJ-REV-R660-GX3

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1.2 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance

This equipment was tested and complies with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, the equipment
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation and cause harmful interference to radio
or television reception. To determine if this equipment causes harmful interference to radio or
television reception, turn the equipment o and on. You are encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Consult the dealer or a qualied radio/TV technician for assistance.

Per FCC 15.19(a)(3) and (a)(4)

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference.

(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.

Per FCC 15.21

Changes or modications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compli­ance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Minimum Separation Distance

This device has been evaluated for compliance with FCC and IC RF exposure
limits in a mobile conguration. At least 34 cm of separation distance between the
device and the user’s body must be maintained at all times. This device must not be
used with any other antenna or transmitter that has not been approved to operate in
conjunction with this device.

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Industry Canada (IC) Compliance

Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:

1. This device may not cause interference.

2. This device must accept any
interference, including interference
that may cause undesired operation
of the device.
The term “IC” before the radio certication
number only signies that Industry of
Canada
technical specications were met.

Industrie Canada (IC) Conformité

Son fonctionnement est soumis aux deux
conditions suivantes:

1. Cet appareil ne doit pas
provoquer d’interférences.

2. Cet appareil doit accepter toute
interférence, y compris celles
pouvant causer un mauvais
fonctionnement de l’appareil.
L’expression “IC” avant le numéro
de certication radio signie seulement que
l’industrie des spécications techniques
Canada ont été respectées.

1.3 CE Marking and European Economic Area (EEA)

RFID devices designed for use throughout the EEA must have a maximum radiated transmit power
of 2W ERP in the frequency range of 865.6-867.6 MHz. For other EEA restrictions on RFID device
use, refer to the Impinj Declaration of Conformity (DoC) located at support.impinj.com.

1.4 National Communications Commission (NCC - Taiwan) Adminis­trative Rules for Low-power Radio-Frequency Devices

This device complies with the following items of NCC related rules:

Article 12

Without permission granted by the NCC, any company, enterprise, or user is not allowed to change
frequency, enhance transmitting power or alter original characteristics as well as performance to
approved low-power radio frequency devices.

Article 14

The low-power radio frequency devices shall not inuence aircraft security and interfere with legal
communications. If found, the user shall cease operating immediately until no interference is
achieved.The said legal communications means radio communications is operated in compliance
with the Telecommunications Act.The low-power radio frequency devices must be susceptible with
the interference from legal communication or ISM radio wave radiated devices.

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1.5 Environmental Requirements

Operating temperature: -20 to 50C (non-condensing)

1.6 Power Requirements

Warning: This product may be

powered by an IEEE 802.3af (Power over
Ethernet)
compliant power source that is certied by
the appropriate agencies, or with a
listed/certied power supply marked LPS or
Class 2, with 24Vdc output, rated minimum

2.5A.
The use of alternative power supply will
invalidate any approval given to this device
and may be dangerous.

When supplied by the Impinj-approved listed/certied power supply model number IPJ-A2002-000,
the available AC power cords are:

• IPJ-A2051-USA (for North America)

• IPJ-A2051-EU1 (for European Union)

• IPJ-A2051-JPN (for Japan)

• IPJ-A2051-BRA (for Brazil)

• IPJ-A2051-CHN (for China)

Attention: Ce produit peut être
alimenté par un IEEE 802.3af (Power over
Ethernet) source d’alimentation conforme
qui
est certié par les organismes appropriés,
ou avec une alimentation inscrite/certié
LPS ou classe 2 marquée, avec une sortie
24V,
2,5A nominal minimal. L’utilisation d’une
autre alimentation annule toute autorisation
liée à cet appareil et peut être dangereuse.

1.7 Before You Begin

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Warning: Please read this document in
its entirety before operating the
xArray/xSpan
Gateway, as serious personal injury
or equipment damage may result from
improper use. Unauthorized opening of the
xArray/xSpan Gateway enclosure voids the
warranty.

Avertissement: S’il vous plaît lire ce
document dans son intégralité avant
d’utiliser le xArray/xSpan Gateway,
comme des blessures graves ou des
dommages matériels peuvent résulter d’une
mauvaise utilization. Ouverture non
autorisée du lecteur xArray/xSpan Gateway
boîtier annule la garantie.

1.8 About This Guide

This guide provides instructions for installing, connecting, conguring, operating, upgrading, and
troubleshooting the xArray/xSpan Gateway. To shorten the length of this guide, the content
focuses on the installation and operation of one xArray/xSpan.

1.8.1 Intended Audience

The intended audience for this guide is anyone installing an xArray/xSpan. The assumed primary
users of this guide are systems engineers and IT personnel with experience and basic knowledge
of:

• Software development

• Hardware systems integration

• Network connectivity

This guide also assumes that the user has a high-level understanding of RFID, RFID systems
management, and a basic familiarity with the EPCglobal Gen 2 specication, which can be found
at http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/uhfc1g2.

1.8.2 Other Documents of Interest

This guide is part of a larger documentation set that supports xArray/xSpan as follows:

• LTK Programmer’s Guide provides software engineers with guidelines and best practices for
working with the Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP) Toolkit. Software engineers can also
access language-specic reference guides and sample applications illustrating the scenarios
discussed in the Programmer’s Guide.

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• Octane LLRP is intended for software engineers and describes the LLRP capabilities sup­ported by xArray and xSpan, which includes Impinj’s custom LLRP extensions.

• RShell Reference Manual describes the syntax and command language for the xArray/xSpan
RShell console.

• Octane SNMP Guide provides monitoring and reference information for working with the
SNMP MIBs.

• Firmware Upgrade Reference Manual includes detailed procedures, reference information for
upgrading rmware installed on Impinj Gateway products, and procedures for creating a
metale to automate upgrading of multiple devices.

• Impinj Reader and Gateway Embedded Developer’s Guide provides a description of the Speed-
way platform and a view of its architecture for software engineers designing custom applica­tion software for the Reader.

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2 Introduction

The xArray/xSpan Gateways are xed infrastructure RFID reader systems that provides always­on, wide-area monitoring of RAIN RFID tagged items (http://www.rainrfid.org). The xAr­ray/xSpan Gateways are designed for large-scale item-level applications in many industries. The
xArray provides real-time Item Intelligence events, including each item’s identity, location, and
authenticity. The xSpan’s small size is optimal for mounting on walls or in gateways to monitor
tag movement through doors or portals.

Key features and capabilities of your new Impinj RFID Gateway include:

• A single xArray can monitor up to 1,500 ft2(139 m2) using Monza R6 based tags (1,000 ft
(93 m2) for xSpan).

• Intelligent item locating using xArray with 5 ft (1.5 m) or better spatial resolution of (x,y)
location.

• Low prole design ts into standard ceiling tile grid and blends into decor.

• Maximum transmit power and performance is achieved by using IEEE 802.3af PoE. There
is no need for optional AC to DC power module.

• Easy programming using Octane SDK, LLRP and Impinj extensions. Either Gateway con­tains a SpeedwayR RFID reader that allows you to use all of the same software tools and
LLRP API, with additional extensions specic to xArray/xSpan.

2

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3 xArray Product Tour

The xArray Gateway radiates RF energy from the radome side, as shown in Figure 3.1. This
plastic cover protects the phased array antenna elements. Drainage holes in the radome are one
design element that allows xArray to provide a IEC IP52 level of water protection. On the side
of the radome is a large label with the last 6 octets of the xArray Ethernet MAC address. This
label is designed to be visible from below when the xArray is mounted overhead, which allows easy
identication.

1. LED Lights

2. Drainage Holes

3. Mounting Clip

Figure 3.1 Radome Side View of xArray

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Figure 3.2 Side View Showing MAC Address

The four LEDs that are visible from the radome side help you identify the operation state of
the xArray. Figure 3.3 summarizes what each LED signies during boot, operation, and fault
conditions. The xArray Gateway has four LEDs to indicate operational status, their position.

Figure 3.3 LED Light Behavior

3.1 xArray Status Lights

Each LED has its own blink patterns to convey status to the user. Table 3.1 documents the dened
patterns for the xArray Ethernet/LLRP LED. Table 3.2 documents the dened patterns for the
xArray NR/Beacon LED. Table 3.3 documents the dened patters for the xArray Fault LED.

Table 3.1 xArray Ethernet/LLRP LED

LED State xArray State

OFF During startup

Blinking (GREEN) Ready for an LLRP host connection

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LED State xArray State

Solid (GREEN) LLRP host connected

Table 3.2 xArray NR/Beacon LED

LED State xArray State

Blink (ORANGE) Briey during startup

OFF (Default)

ON (ORANGE) When turned ON by LLRP command

Table 3.3 xArray Fault LED

LED State xArray State

Blink (RED) Briey during startup

OFF Normal (no faults)

ON (RED) Fault condition occurred

Table 3.4 xArray Operations and Associated LED Behavior

xArray Operation LED Expected Behavior

Power (power on),
normal
completion

Ethernet/LLRP
normal
completion

NR/Beacon Programmable light NR/Beacon

Fault Failure Fault

Power applied,
attempting to start boot
code

LLRP Connection Eth/LLRP

Power
Status

Status

Status

Status

Solid red
O

Solid red
O

Solid red
O
Solid red
O

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3.2 Mounting the xArray using Detachable Mounting Plate

The mounting side of xArray is all metal, which allows the mounting to be in contact with En­vironmental Air Handling Space (EAHS), in accordance with Section 300-22(c) of the National
Electric Code. Figure 3.4 shows the xArray rear mounting side with and without the detachable
mounting plate.

1. Mounting Holes

2. Mounting Clip

3. Labels

4. Mounting Plate

5. Hinges

6. Gaskets

7. Electrical Connections

Figure 3.4 Mounting (Rear) Side of xArray

The xArray is designed to have two mounting congurations, which are described in this section.

Mounting Conguration 1

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Conguration 1 requires the xArray mount plate to be attached to a Vesa 200 mm mount. The
threaded inserts are designed to hold a M6 bolt. The equation below lists the minimum and
maximum bolt length for your setup.

• Bolt Length Minimum = 7.6 mm + Thickness of Vesa Mount

• Bolt Length Maximum = 12.0 mm + Thickness of Vesa Mount

Figure 3.5 Mounting Conguration 1 for xArray

Mounting Conguration 2

Conguration 2 allows you to bolt the xArray mount plate to any structure. The clearance holes
in the mount plate (shown below) can accommodate a M5 Bolt (Metric) or a #10 Bolt (SAE).

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Figure 3.6 xArray Mounting Conguration 2

Note: The mounting plate CAD drawing is available for download on the Impinj support portal
at support.impinj.com.

After you have completed the mounting conguration that you want to use, complete the following
tasks:

• After the mounting plate is securely attached to the ceiling, hang the xArray using the hinges.

• In this hanging position, the Ethernet and +24V power (if used instead of POE) cables can
be attached as shown in gure 3.7.

• Rotate the xArray into nal position against the mounting plate, and securely lock it into
position using the mounting clip.

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1. Power 24V, 1A

2. PoE Ethernet

3. USB Device (note: Usage not required for normal functionality)

4. USB Host (note: Used for software updates via USB thumb drive)

5. Console (note: Not intended for customer use.)

Figure 3.7 Electrical and Network Connections for xArray

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4 xSpan Product Tour

The xSpan Gateway radiates RF energy from the radome side, as shown in Figure 4.1.

1. LED Light

Figure 4.1 LED Location of xSpan

The single multi-color LED is positioned on one side of xSpan, allowing easy viewing when mounted
overhead or on a wall. Figure 4.2 summarizes LED operation during boot, operation, and fault
conditions.

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Figure 4.2 LED Light Behavior

4.1 Mounting the xSpan using Detachable Mounting Plate

xSpan provides a detachable mounting plate for overhead or wall mounting options. The mounting
plate is designed to have two mounting congurations, which are described in this section.

Mounting Conguration 1

Conguration 1 requires the xSpan mount plate to attach to a Vesa 75 mm mount. xSpan is
supplied with mounting screws.

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Figure 4.3 Mounting Conguration 1 for xSpan

Mounting Conguration 2

Conguration 2 allows you to bolt the xSpan mount plate to any structure. The clearance holes
in the plate can accommodate a M4 (Metric) or #8 Bolt (SAE).

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Figure 4.4 Mounting Conguration 2 for xSpan

1. Power 24V, 1A

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2. PoE Ethernet

3. USB Device (note: Usage not required for normal functionality.)

4. USB Host (note: Used for software updates via USB thumb drive.)

5. Console (note: Not intended for customer use.)

Figure 4.5 Electrical and Network Connections for xSpan

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5 Powering and Connecting

This section describes how to provide power and establish network connectivity to the xAr­ray/xSpan Gateways.

5.1 Supplying Power

You have two choices for powering the Gateway products:

• IEEE 802.3af (Power over Ethernet) compliant source

• Listed/certied power supply, marked LPS or Class 2, with 24Vdc output, rated minimum

2.5A

Note: xArray/xSpan operates at the Class 3 limit for POE power, and requires that the maximum
resistance of the Ethernet cable is 10 Ohms or less (for 100 meter length cable). For a list of cables
that meet xArray/xSpan requirements, see Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Cat 5e/6 Cable That Meets Requirements

Cable Description Product Information

100 meter cable

< 10 Ohm

50 meter cable

< 10 Ohm

With either option, the boot sequence begins when power is supplied to the Gateway. This sequence
typically completes within 30 seconds. Once the boot sequence nishes, the Gateway accepts
commands, but not before. The Power and Status LEDs on the Gateway alert you of the status.

• http://belkinbusiness.com/products/

a7j304-1000-blu-cat5e-stranded-bulk-cable-4pr24awg-1000-blue

• http://www.southwire.com/ProductCatalog/

XTEInterfaceServlet?contentKey=prodcatsheetcat5e

• http://resources.tessco.com/attachments/516583_

4656914_10_5EN5_BLUE_CPK.aspx.pdf

• http://www.alphawire.com/en/Products/Cable/

Xtra-Guard-Performance-Cable/
Xtra-Guard-Industrial-Ethernet/76020

• http://www.alphawire.com/en/Products/Cable/

Xtra-Guard-Performance-Cable/
Xtra-Guard-Industrial-Ethernet/760

• http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1311844.pdf

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Note, on Cisco Catalyst series switches the Ethernet POE port will automatically disable itself if
the reader has a listed/certied power supply connected. In this situation, the Cisco port must be
set to POE = “never”, using the following Cisco conguration commands.

In this example slot 5, port 2 is being set to POE = “never”.

Switch# congure terminal
Switch(cong)# interface fastethernet 5/2
Switch(cong-if)# power inline never
Switch(cong-if)# end
Switch#

! Important: We recommend that you do not connect both a POE and a listed/certied
power supply to xArray/xSpan. If the Gateway device is receiving power via PoE and detects
that an listed/certied power supply has been connected, the Gateway reboots and switches to
the listed/certied power supply source. If, however, the Gateway is receiving power via an
listed/certied power supply and detects the connection to a PoE-enabled network switch, noth­ing changes. The Gateway continues to receive power from the listed/certied power supply. The
listed/certied power supply always takes precedence over PoE because the listed/certied power
supply is capable of higher power if both sources are connected.

5.2 Connecting to a TCP/IP Network

The xArray/xSpan internal processor runs Linux OS, which oers robust network support. When
you want to establish TCP/IP network connectivity for deployment or out-of-box evaluation you
have a range of options, including:

• Either Gateway by default are congured to use DHCP. The default host name is xarray­XX-XX-XX or xspan-XX-XX-XX, where XX-XX-XX is the last three bytes of the Gateway’s
MAC address. The large label on the side of the xArray radome (optional on xSpan), provides
these three bytes. Alternately, you can read the MAC address directly from the product label
on the mounting side of the Gateway.

• If you don’t have a DHCP server, OR when the PC is connected directly to the device via
Ethernet cable, the Gateway defaults to a xed IP address, 169.254.1.1. If this address is
not available, the device then randomly selects a xed IP address in the 169.254.xxx.xxx
link local address range.

• You can congure xArray/xSpan to a xed IP address. This option requires conguration
via SSH session over TCP/IP, or a serial connection via console port in order to access
xArray/xSpan’s command line interface (Rshell). For more information about using RShell
to congure network settings, see section 5.1.2.

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5.3 Verifying Network Connectivity

After the Gateway device is powered and on a TCP/IP network, verify that the left-most LED is
GREEN and the second to the left LED is BLINKING GREEN on the radome for xArray or the
single LED on xSpan is blinking Blue. The next step is to access Gateway’s Management web page
to verify connectivity and to see the status of the device. To Browse to the xArray/xSpan

Management Web Page

• From a PC or Mac on the same TCP/IP network, use your browser of choice to browse
to the Management web page using the web address http://xarray-XX-XX-XX or http:

/xspan-XX-XX-XX, where XX-XX-XX is the last three bytes of the MAC address.

• Alternately, you can use the IP address of the Gateway. You might know the IP address
because the Gateway was congured to a xed IP address, or it was determined by using a
console port RShell session, or because you discovered the IP address that was assigned by
your DHCP router. For these cases, use the web address http://<IP address of Gateway>.

Notes:

• If you are not on an enterprise network, you might need to add .local to the address. For
example:

http://xarray-XX-XX-XX.local

or http://<IP address>.local

• Either Gateway supports the discovery of the host name by using Bonjour Print Services.
If your DHCP server doesn’t resolve the Gateway host name, you might have to install
Bonjour on your Windows PC. You can download Bonjour Print Services from http://

support.apple.com/kb/dl999.

When you have successfully opened the Gateway internal web page, you should see a dialog box
where you can enter the user name and password. Use the xArray/xSpan’s default user name and
password:

user name: root

password: impinj

Note: For more information about changing the default password, see the RShell Reference Man-
ual.

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After your login has been veried, the Management web page displays, as shown in Figure 5.1.
Review this web page to verify the regulatory region, serial number, software version, IP address,
and other key parameters of your Gateway.

Figure 5.1 Gateway Management Web page

5.4 Connect using Serial Console Port

Note: The console port is intended for debug/local network access. This is not intended for customer
use under normal operation

To Connect Gateway to Your PC Over a Serial Connection

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1. Conrm that you have the latest version of Putty, a free and reliable SSH, Telnet, and serial
client. Version 0.60 or higher contains support for serial connections.

2. Use a Cisco style Console cable RJ-45 to DB9, Impinj part number IPJ-A4000-000, to connect
your PC’s valid/active COM port to the serial port on the xArray/xSpan.

3. Power up the Gateway and wait for the boot sequence to complete. For more information,
see section 5.1.

4. On the PC, run the Putty application and select the Serial connection option.

5. On the Putty Conguration page, verify that Serial line to connect to is set to COM1.
If you are using a serial to USB adapter, this eld can be set to a dierent COM port.

6. Set Speed to 115200.

7. Set Flow control to None.

Figure 5.2 Putty Conguration Settings

8. Select Open. The RShell console window opens.

9. Press Enter. The RShell login prompt displays.

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Figure 5.3 COM1 Putty Login Prompt

10. Log in with the following default credentials, unless you customized them:

user name: root

password: impinj

11. When the RShell command line prompt displays, begin conguring the network settings
for the Gateway. For additional information, see Using RShell to Congure Network
Settings in section 5.1.2.

12. When you have completed conguration of the appropriate network settings, connect the
xArray/xSpan to your Ethernet network.

Note: If you decide to connect to DHCP after you have connected serially, remember to use RShell
to change the IP address on the xArray/xSpan from static to dynamic. For more information,
see Using RShell to Congure Network Settings in section 5.1.2.

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6 Using xArray/xSpan with ItemTest

ItemTest is a simple, easy-to-use, Windows-compatible application that you can use to evaluate
the performance of one or several Gateways. This chapter describes how to install, congure,
and perform basic testing on xArray/xSpan with ItemTest. ItemTest supports use case testing of
Wide Area Monitoring (Inventory) or Location with multiple Gateways. You can nd the complete

ItemTest User Guide by opening the Help menu in ItemTest, and then clicking Open User Guide.

6.1 Download ItemTest

Download ItemTest from the Impinj support Web site at support.impinj.com. To use ItemTest,
your computer must be running Microsoft Windows 7 or later.

6.2 Install and Launch ItemTest

Launch the Installer from the ItemTest download. Follow the step-by-step instructions to install
ItemTest on your PC. After a successful installation, double-click ItemStart to start the applica­tion. You should see the opening screen as shown in Figure 6.1.

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Figure 6.1 ItemTest Opening Screen

6.3 Connect and Congure the Gateway

Now that ItemTest is running, the next step is to connect and congure your Gateway device,
using the following procedure.

To Connect and Congure Your Gateway

1. Select the Reader Settings menu, which opens the Reader Settings window, as shown
in Figure 6.2.

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Figure 6.2 ItemTest - Reader Settings Screen

2. On the Reader Settings page, click New to add a new Gateway conguration. The Input
reader name dialog opens, as shown in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3 ItemTest - Input Reader Name

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3. In Reader name, type the Reader Gateway hostname or IP address.

4. Click OK. ItemTest establishes a TCP/IP connection to your gateway.

5. On the Reader Settings page, select ENABLED from the Status drop down menu to
enable the xArray/xSpan.

6. If required, continue to add additional xArray, xSpan, or SpeedwayR readers for operation
and testing.

Figure 6.4 ItemTest - Add and Enable Reader Settings

Now you can congure the xArray/xSpan for Inventory (Inventory).

To Congure the Gateway for Inventory

1. On the Reader Settings page, click Congure.

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2. Make sure that you open the Inventory tab (not Location or Utilities), as shown in gure

6.5.

Figure 6.5 Congure Gateway for Inventory

3. To allow the Gateway to read from all available beams, on the Inventory tab, click All
after the Antennas eld.

4. For this initial test, set Mode to Mode 1000:Autopilot and Target to Dual Target.
Keep the default settings for all other parameters.

6.4 Run Inventory or Location Tests with ItemTest

Now that the Gateway is connected, enabled, and congured for Inventory, you can run ItemTest
to test your xArray/xSpan.

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To Test the Gateway for Inventory

1. On the ItemTest main window, click Start.

2. By default, ItemTest starts and collects tag read reports for the Gateway for 10 seconds. The
results are displayed in tabular form, as shown in Figure 6.6.

3. To run continuous operations, starting and stopping as you want, click Congure on the
bottom left corner of the ItemTest main page. The inventory read rate in tags/second is
displayed in the lower right corner. This window has a “Continuous-Runs Forever” radio
button that cab e be selected. Continuous operation is selected by default.

Figure 6.6 Inventory Results

To Test the xArray for Location

The second tab on the ItemTest main screen is for Location results, which is only available on
xArray. Before you test for Location, congure the xArray to maximize the number of tag reads,
as described in the following procedure.

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1. To congure the xArray to maximize the number of tag reads, click the Location tab on
the Congure xArray page, shown in Figure 6.7.

2. On the Location tab, under Gen 2 parameters, set the Mode to Mode 0: Max
Throughput, and then click OK.

Figure 6.7 Location Congure Tab

3. On the ItemTest main page, click the Location tab, and then click Start.

4. Using tag reads from each of the 52 beams, xArray calculates the location of the tags and
reports in X and Y coordinates. The ItemTest Location page displays these results, as shown
in Figure 6.8.

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Figure 6.8 Location Results

These are the basic operations of ItemTest. You can nd many other features that allow you to
explore and verify the RFID item intelligence performance of the xArray Gateway and Speedway
Reader products. Note that ItemTest is optimized for testing Inventory and Location.

6.5 Run Direction Tests with ItemTest

To Test the xArray for Direction

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Figure 6.9 Direction Conguration Screen

Direction is similar to location, except less granular. Rather than enabling individual beams, whole
sectors are enabled or disabled. Direction mode will report when a tag enters a sector, updates
within a sector, and exits a sector, giving users the ability to know if tags have transitioned from
one sector to another (and therefore from one physical area to another), or have transitioned out
of range of the xArray or xSpan.

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Figure 6.10 Direction Results

The xArray has 9 sectors, and each sector is congured like a slice in an 8 piece pizza. Starting
with the sector 2 slice, the sector number increases by one when walking the pizza in a clockwise
fashion. Sector 1 is a special piece, in the center. With the xArray, it is not valid to enable two
adjacent sectors, and it’s also not possible to disable sector 1. The xArray rule for adjacent sectors
does not apply for the xSpan, which only has 3 sectors, which are arranged in a line, with sector
1 in the center. The selected direction sectors for the xSpan in ItemTest are not congurable.

Product By Product Feature Support for ItemTest

The following table identies which ItemTest features are supported by each specic Gateway
device:

Table 6.1 Feature to Product Table

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Inventory Direction Location

Speedway X

xSpan X X

xArray X X X

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7 Conguring and Monitoring

This section provides a view of the conguration and monitoring options available for the Gateway.

7.1 Conguring the Gateway

There are two categories of Gateway conguration, conguring the device itself and conguring
the Gateway’s RF behavior. This chapter provides the basics for each type of conguration.

7.1.1 Device Conguration

RShell is the command line management interface to use for conguring and managing network
settings, rmware upgrades, and other device-oriented operations. This chapter introduces the
RShell commands you can use to install and connect the Gateway. The RShell Reference Manual
provides full details and syntax for all RShell commands.

7.1.2 Using RShell to Congure Network Settings

You can often get up and running with little or no conguration by using the default conguration
settings in your Gateway device. If you are not using DHCP to assign IP addresses, you will need
to congure a few of the Gateway’s network settings. The following procedure outlines the RShell
commands you might need to connect the Gateway to your network.

To congure the network settings:

1. Open the RShell console as described in section 5.4.

2. View the Gateway’s current conguration settings by entering the show network summary
command at the RShell command prompt, as shown in the following code sample:

> show network summary
Status='0,Success'
PrimaryInterface='eth:eth0'
ActiveInterface='eth:eth0'
Hostname='xarray-10-46-B2'
connectionStatus='Connected'
ipAddressMode='Dynamic'
ipAddress='10.0.11.27'
ipMask='255.255.0.0'
gatewayAddress='10.0.0.10'

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broadcastAddress='10.0.255.255'
MACAddress='00:16:25:10:46:B2'
LLAStatus='enabled'
HTTPService='active'
>

3. Congure the appropriate TCP/IP parameters for your environment. The applicable com­mands are:

• Setting Hostname
> cong network hostname <HOSTNAME>

• Setting Static IP Address
> cong network ip static <IP ADDRESS> <NETMASK> <GATEWAY>

Note: The IP address is required; the other parameters are optional. The default value is
used if an optional parameter is omitted from the ip command.

• Enabling DHCP
> cong network ip dynamic

• Conguring NTP Servers
> cong network ntp add <NTP SERVER ADDRESS>

4. After successfully conguring all required network settings, connect the xArray/xSpan to the
network via its Ethernet port.

7.1.3 RF Conguration

How you congure your Gateway’s RF behavior depends entirely on your implementation approach.
You might be using a custom software application, middleware running on a server, or some other
approach. ItemTest, described in Section 5, is an example of a PC client application used for
implementation. Regardless of the application you are using, the underlying protocol is the same
Low-Level Reader Protocol (LLRP).

LLRP is a standard, asymmetric, binary protocol used for communication between a client ap­plication and the xArray. LLRP controls the conguration of the antenna transmit power (in
Inventory mode), the receive sensitivity, the operating Gateway, and so on. For more information
about LLRP, see the the following documents:

• LLRP Standard: This document provides the specics of the EPCglobal-ratied LLRP stan­dard. http://www.epcglobalinc.org/standards/llrp/llrp_1_0_1-standard-20070813.

pdf

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• Octane LLRP: Provides details of the LLRP capabilities that are supported by Impinj Read­ers and Gateways. It also describes custom LLRP extensions added by Impinj.

• LTK Programmer’s Guide: This document is intended for software engineers and provides
guidelines and best practices for working with the LLRP Toolkit. In addition, software
engineers can access language-specic reference guides and sample applications that illustrate
the scenarios discussed in the LTK Programmer’s Guide.

If you are a .NET or Java programmer, Impinj oers two dierent, easy to use Octane SDKs
that simplify programming, with no need to learn LLRP. For Linux, a Java-based Octane SDK is
available. For Windows, there is a .NET Octane SDK.

7.2 Monitoring

Use RShell to monitor the xArray/xSpan health and performance when the device is up and
running. This section presents the primary RShell commands for viewing the network and RFID
statistics, as well as the xArray/xSpan logs. For more information about these commands, see the
RShell Reference Manual.

Either Gateway also supports industry standard SNMP, with MIB2 and EPCglobal Gateway Man­agement MIB. For more information, see the Octane SNMP Guide.

7.2.1 Viewing Network Parameters and Statistics

Use the RShell show network command to display networking parameters and statistics. Use
this command with the indicated parameters to view the following information:

> show network <parameter>

Table 7.1: “show network” Command Parameters

Parameter Displayed Information

dhcp Summary of DHCP client conguration

dhcp Summary of DNS settings

icmp ICMP statistics

ip IP statistics

ntp Summary of NTP settings

summary Summary of network settings

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Parameter Displayed Information

tcp TCP statistics

udp UDP statistics

For details about the specic settings and statistics available for each of these parameters, see the
RShell Reference Manual.

7.2.2 Viewing RFID Parameters and Statistics

> show rd stat

Use the RShell show rd stat command to display the RFID parameters and statistics for an
Gateway. Use this command with the appropriate parameter to view the information shown in
Table 6.2.

Table 7.2: Partial Listing of “show rd stat” Parameters

Parameter Displayed Information

ReaderOperationalStatus Indicates whether RFID applications are

running on the xArray or xSpan.

Antenna1OperationalStatus Indicates if an antenna is physically connected

to the Gateway and operating properly. Note that

“1” indicates the antenna port 1.

Antenna1EnergizedTime Indicates the time that antenna 1 has been

powered, in milliseconds.

Antenna1ReadCount Indicates the number of tags read at

antenna 1 that matched the congured lters.

Antenna1FailedReadCount Indicates the number of tags where a read was

attempted at antenna 1 because the tag
matched the congured lter, but the read
failed.

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Table 7.2 shows just a sample of the available RFID statistics. For the full list of statistics, as well
as syntax details, see the RShell Reference Manual.

Note: View Statistics for the LLRP interface between the xArray and a client by entering the
show rd llrp stat command. For more information, see the RShell Reference Manual.

7.2.3 Conguring and Viewing Logs

xArray/xSpan uses the standard Syslog protocol to forward its logged events to a remote Syslog
server. The Gateway stores the logged events in its le system, accumulating and retaining this
information across reboots. Logs are classied into three categories:

• Management

• RFID

• System

All logged events have an associated severity level. There are eight possible levels listed in decreas­ing order from most severe to least severe:

1. Emergency

2. Alert

3. Critical

4. Error

5. Warning

6. Notice

7. Info

8. Debug

Congure the log levels you want to display. The Gateway then retains only the events with a
severity greater than or equal to the congured level. For example, if you choose a logging level
of Warning, then the logs will contain the following levels: Warning, Error, Critical, Alert, and
Emergency.

Note: Regardless of the congured log level, the xArray/xSpan always retains logs of events with
Error level or higher in an independent log.

Use the RShell cong logging command to congure options for the storage and forwarding of
logged events.

> cong logging

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Use the show logging command to display the logging conguration as well as the actual logged
information in text form. For details about these commands, see the RShell Reference Manual.

Use the following command to show a summary of the current logging levels:

> show logging summary

7.2.4 Viewing the State of the Gateway Device

To display information about the current state of the Gateway device itself, use the RShell show
system command.

> show system

Use this command to view the following statistics:

• show system summary - A summary of system information.

• show system CPU - Platform memory usage and available application space

• show system platform - Generic platform statistics

For more details about the show system command, see the RShell Reference Manual.

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8 Upgrading the Gateway Firmware

xArray or xSpan contains rmware known as Octane. This chapter describes the process of man­ually upgrading a single device.

In addition to supporting upgrade procedures, either Gateway also provides methods for reverting
rmware to a previous valid image and restoring rmware to factory default settings. The pro­cedure for reverting to the previous valid image is explained in this section, while the process of
returning to factory defaults is described in Section 8.2.

8.1 A Brief Overview of the Firmware

To minimize downtime and maximize the robust handling of possible upgrade failures, xAr­ray/xSpan contains dual images of its rmware. When requesting a rmware image upgrade, the
Gateway continues to operate using the primary image. In the background, the device upgrades
the secondary image. When the upgrade completes, the device reboots to the newly upgraded
image. Either Gateway retains the previous rmware version in case there are problems with the
upgrade.

There are three individual partitions within each rmware image that logically organize the system
software. Although you do not need a full understanding of this architecture to perform a simple
manual upgrade, it is a good idea to be familiar with its structure at a high level. For a more
in-depth discussion of the rmware and how rmware is organized, see the Speedway Embedded
Developer’s Guide.

The three partitions in rmware are:

• System Operating Partition (SOP) - The SOP is the primary system partition of the
gateway. It contains the Linux kernel, FPGA rmware, RFID management software, Reader
management software (RShell), logging management software, rmware upgrade control, sys­tem watchdog software, and the factory default data.

• System Persistent Partition (SPP) - Files in this partition are automatically generated
and maintained by the software running on the Gateway. It contains the device conguration
(network settings, LLRP conguration, log settings, and so on), device logs, and debug
information used by Impinj engineers.

• Custom Application Partition (CAP) - CAP partition contains custom application
software, other items required by the custom application (extra libraries or tools, and con­guration les), plus custom application logs.

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8.2 Upgrading the Firmware

xArray/xSpan provides three methods for upgrading:

• Using RShell, the command line interface.

• Copying the rmware to a USB memory drive and plugging it into the xArray/xSpan’s host
port.

• Using the Impinj Reader Management web page.

8.2.1 Upgrading the Firmware using RShell

Use this procedure to use RShell to upgrade the rmware.

1. Obtain the rmware upgrade le from the Impinj support Web site, support.impinj.com. The
upgrade le extension is .upg. (Example: octane_5_2_0.upg).

2. Place the upgrade le on a server (http, tftp, or ftp) that can be accessed by the xAr­ray/xSpan you are upgrading.

3. Using the Putty application, connect the Gateway by using telnet, SSH or serial and that
log in.

4. From the RShell command prompt, issue the following command:

> cong image upgrade <URI>

where <URI> is the server location and name of the upgrade le.

For example:

> config image upgrade http://usacorp/rfid/gateway/image/octane_5_2_0.upg
> config image upgrade ftp://anonymous:abc@myserver/ftpdirecotry/octane_5_2_0.upg.upg
> tftp://server/octane_5_2_0.upg

5. After starting the upgrade, view the upgrade status at any time by issuing the following
command:

> **show image summary**

6. This command provides a display of the current upgrade status, the last operation, the status
of the last operation, and information about the primary and secondary images. Reissue the
show image summary command if you want to track the upgrade status. Some status
values you might see are:

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WaitingForImageFileTransfer

WaitingForCommitImage

WaitingToActivateImmediate

The upgrade is complete when the UpgradeStatus parameter value is Ready.

The LastOperation parameter should be set to WaitingToActivateImmediate.
The LastOperationStatus should be WaitingForManualReboot.

7. Reboot the Gateway by issuing the following command:

> reboot

The Gateway reboot process displays messages in the RShell console as it goes through each stage
of the process. The reboot completes, then the gateway login prompt displays on the console. The
Gateway status light displays solid green. The behavior details of the xArray reboot LEDs are
provided in xArray product Tour.

8.2.2 Upgrading the Firmware with a USB Drive

Obtain the rmware upgrade le from the Impinj support Web site, support.impinj.com. The
upgrade le extension is .upg. (Example: octane_5_2_0.upg). This upgrade process has two
steps, preparing the USB drive for upgrade, and then using the USB drive to upgrade the rmware.

To Prepare the USB Drive for Upgrade

1. Insert a USB drive into your computer.

2. Create an impinj directory in the root of the USB drive along with the subdirectories revo­lution, upgrade, and images. The names of the directory are case sensitive and must all be
lower case.

3. Copy the desired rmware upgrade .upg le into the \\impinj\\revolution\\upgrade\\images\\
directory.

Note: If multiple .upg les exist in the images directory, the xArray/xSpan will use the
most recently modied le.

4. Remove the USB drive from your computer.

To Upgrade By Using the USB Drive

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1. Conrm that the Gateway is ready for upgrade, with both the Power and Status LEDs
illuminated.

2. Insert the USB drive into the “USB Host” port on the xArray/xSpan. Within 5-10 seconds,
the Gateway will begin upgrading the device and the Power LED will blink amber. If the
Power LED remains solid green, the Gateway likely cannot locate the images directory and
.upg le on the USB drive.

3. The upgrade process completes in 20-60 seconds and then the Power LED will change to
solid green.

4. Remove the USB drive from the USB Host port and reboot the Gateway.

During the upgrade process, the Gateway will attempt to append information to a status.log le
in the impinj\\revolution\\upgrade directory. The status.log le is intended to provide an audit
trail for the upgrade of one or more xArrays/xSpans.

If the rmware upgrade process fails, the Power LED will blink red. If this happens, remove the
USB drive, reboot the xArray/xSpan, and check the status.log le for the reason of the failure.

8.2.3 Upgrading the rmware through the Impinj Management Web UI

You can also upgrade the rmware by accessing the Impinj Reader Management web page, and
running the upgrade from the management web page.

1. Connect to the Gateway using a web browser http://<gateway name or IP address>. Ex­amples: http://speedwayr-10-00-DD or http://10.0.10.44.

2. Log in to the xArray/xSpan using the default user name and password:

user name: root
password: impinj

3. Click Choose File, and then select the rmware upgrade .upg le.

4. Click Upgrade

5. After the upgrade is complete, click Reboot.

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Figure 8.1 Gateway Management Web Page

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Figure 8.2 Close-up of Gateway Upgrade and Reboot Section of Management Web Page

8.2.4 Reverting to the Previous Image

Use the following procedure if you need to revert to the pre-upgrade image.

1. To revert to the pre-upgrade image, enter the following command from the RShell prompt:

> cong image fallback

When the command completes successfully, the device automatically reboots and returns to
the login prompt.

2. Log in to the Gateway. The pre-upgrade image is now running.

Note: If there is no valid previous image, the response to the cong image fallback command is
Status=8, Permission-Denied.

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9 Troubleshooting

If you experience a problem with xArray/xSpan, this brief chapter presents a few suggestions to
correct the issue.

9.1 Impinj Support Information

Visit the Impinj Support Web site at support.impinj.com for information about technical assistance.
For guidelines about capturing data for analysis by Impinj technical support personnel, see section

9.3.

9.2 Returning to the Default Conguration

If you are experiencing a problem with the xArray/xSpan and are having diculty pinpointing
the cause, it is useful to return the Gateway to a known state. We recommend resetting to the
default conguration. Then try your Gateway again.

! Important: Conguration Default Restore returns the device conguration to its default state.
It leaves any custom applications installed in the CAP intact. To restore the device to its default
state and remove any CAP contents, use Factory Default Restore. for additional information, see
the Warning in this section.

There are two ways to return Gateway device to its defaults:

• Issue an RShell command.

• Push the Default Restore button on the device.

To use RShell to return the device to its default conguration and leave CAP intact

1. At the RShell prompt, enter the following command:

> cong image default

When the command completes successfully, the device automatically reboots and returns to
the login prompt.

2. Log in to the Gateway. The Gateway is now running with the default conguration. CAP
applications are intact.

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To use the Default Restore button on the xArray/xSpan to restore to its default
conguration

1. Use an object with a sharp tip, such as a probe or paper clip, to press and hold the Default
Restore button on the back of the Gateway while the Gateway is powered on.

2. Continue holding the Default Restore button for 3 seconds after the Power LED light turns
o, but not longer than 10 seconds.

3. Release the Default Restore button when the LED blinks red once. The xArray/xSpan
will boot up normally with the default conguration.

1. Default Restore Button: Insert and hold sharp point here for 3 seconds. Release before 10
seconds.

Figure 9.1 Default Restore Button

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Warning: Pressing the Default Restore
button for 10 seconds or more will cause a
factory default restore to occur. The factory
default restore removes the Gateway’s custom
application partition (CAP) if one exists. The
Gateway returns to the original, factory
shipped state. It is important to avoid
accidentally removing the CAP. There may
be situations where CAP removal is
necessary.

The following table lists the default conguration values:

Table 9.1: Default Conguration Values

Parameter Default Value

Avertissement: Appuyer sur le Défaut
Bouton Restaurer pendant 10 secondes ou
plus entraîne une restauration. D’usine par
défaut de se produire restaurer la valeur par
défaut supprime partition d’application
personnalisée du lecteur (CAP) s’il existe. Le
ecteur retourne à l’état usine original
expédié. C’est important d’éviter de
supprimer accidentellement la CAP. Il peut y
avoir des situations où l’enlèvement de la
CAP est nécessaire.

User root

Password impinj

Upgrade Retrieve Mode Manual

Logging No syslog servers

Management Logging Level Error

RFID Logging Level Error

System Logging Level Error

Network Mode Dynamic (DHCP)

DHCP Send Hostname On

Hostname xarray-xx-xx-xx or xspan-xx-xx-xx

(where xx-xx-xx are the last three
digits of the MAC address)

Static DNS Servers None

Static NTP Servers None

LLRP Inbound Port 5084

LLRP Inbound Service Enabled

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Parameter Default Value

LLRP Outbound Service Enabled

LLRP Outbound Servers None

LLRP Outbound Retry Secs 5

LLRP Outbound Timeout Secs 2

9.3 Submitting Diagnostic Data for Analysis by Impinj Technical Sup­port

If xArray/xSpan is exhibiting RF behavior that diers from what you expect, and you are unable
to determine the cause, you might want to submit relevant data for analysis by Impinj Technical
Support. Use the Impinj ItemTest application to capture data relating to the problem scenario.
By creating and providing a Gateway Diagnostic Data le, Impinj’s Technical Support team can
troubleshoot your issue.

To nd information and detailed instructions about capturing data in ItemTest, use the instructions
in the ItemTest User Guide. You can nd the ItemTest User Guide by doing the following:

1. Open ItemTest.

2. Click Help, and then click Open User Guide.

3. Follow the instructions in the ItemTest User Guide to capture the data that you need.

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10 Document Revision History

Date Revision Comments

12/16/2014 5.2.0 Original Release

4/2/2015 5.2.2 Updated to add GX1 and GX2 SKUs

6/15/2015 5.4.0 Minor update for Octane 5.4.0

12/21/2015 5.6.2 Minor update for Octane 5.6.2

4/28/2016 5.8.0 Update to include xSpan and Octane 5.8.1

5/31/2016 5.8.1 Update to include xArray/xSpan sections

These products may be covered by one or more U.S. patents. See http://www.impinj.com/

patents for details.

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