IDT IDT79R4700 User Manual

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64-Bit RISC Microprocessor
Features
Features
FeaturesFeatures
True 64-bit microprocessor
High-performance microprocessor
– 260 Dhrystone MIPS at 200MHz – 100 peak MFLOP/s at 200MHz – Two-way set associative caches – Simple 5-stage pipeline
High level of integration
– 64-bit, 200 MHz integer CPU – 64-bit floating-point unit – 16KB instruction cache – 16KB data cache – Flexible MMU with large, fully associative TLB
Low-power operation
– 3.3V power supply, for the “RV” part – 5V power supply, for the “R” part – Dynamic power management – Standby mode reduces internal power
Fully software & pin-compatible with 40XX Processor Family
Available in 179-pin PGA or 208-pin QFP
IDT79R4700
Available at 80-200MHz, with mode bit dependent output clock frequencies
64GB physical address space
Processor family for a wide variety of embedded applications
– LAN switches – Routers – Color printers
Description
Description
DescriptionDescription
The IDT79R4700 64-bit RISC Microprocessor is both software and pin-compatible with the R4 capabilities, the R4700 provides more computational power and data movement bandwidth than is delivered to typical embedded systems by 32-bit processors.
The R4700 is upwardly software compatible with the IDT79R3000 microprocessor family, including the IDTRISController™ 79R3051™,
R3052 475
, R3041™, R3081™ as well as the R4640™, R4650™, RC64474/
and R5000™. An array of development tools facilitates rapid development of R4700-based systems, allowing a v ariety of customers access to the MIPS Open Architecture philosophy.
processor family. With 64-bit processing
XXX
Block Diagram
Block Diagram
Block DiagramBlock Diagram
SysAD
Instruction Tag A
Instruction Tag B
Coprocessor 0
System/Memory
Data Tag A
DTLB Ph ysica l
Data Tag B
Address Buffer
ITLB Ph ysical
AuxTag
Tag
Joint TLB
Control
DVA
IVA
Data Set A
Store Bu ffer
Write Buffer Read Buffer
Data Set B
DBus
Control
Floating-point
Register File
Unpacker/Packer
Floating-point
Add/Sub/Cvt/Div/Sqrt
Integer Divid e
Floating-point/Integer
Mult i ply
Phase Lock Loop, Clocks
The IDT logo is a registered trademark and RC32134, RC32364, RC6414 5, RC64474, RC64475, RC4650, RC4640, RC4600,RC4700 RC3081, RC3052, RC3051, RC3041, RISController, and RISCore are trade­marks of Integrated Device Technology, Inc.
Floating-point Control
Instruction Set A
Instruction Select
Instruction Register
Instruction Set B
IBus
Load Aligner
Integer Register File
Integer/Address Adder
Data TLB Virtual
Shifter/Store Aligner
Logic Un it
PC Incrementer
Branch Adder
Instruction TLB Virtual
Program Counter
Integer Control
2001 Integrated Device Technology, Inc .
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IDT79R4700
4
This data sheet provides an overview of the R4700’s CPU features and architecture. A more detailed description of this processor is provided in the IDT79R4700 RISC Processor Hardware User ’s Manual, available from Integrated Device Technology (IDT). Information on development support, applications notes and complementary products is available on the IDT Web site www.idt.com or through your local IDT sales representative.
Note: Throughout this data sheet and any other IDT materials for this device, the R4700 indicates a 5V part; RV4700 designates a reduced voltage (3V) part; and the RC4700 reflects either.
resource dependencies are made transparent to the programmer, insuring transportability among implementations of the MIPS instruction set architecture.
The MIPS integer unit implements a load/store architecture with single cycle ALU operations (logical, shift, add, sub) and an autono­mous multiply/divide unit. Register resources include:
32 general-purpose orthogonal integer registers
HI/LO result registers, for the integer multiply/divide unit
Program counter
Also, the on-chip floating-point co-processor adds 32 floating-point registers and a floating-point control/status register.
Count
9*
Status
12*
EPC
14*
Context
4*
BadVAddr
8*
PRId
15*
Tag Hi
29*
ECC
26*
7
0
PageMask
5*
EntryHi
10*
(entries protected
from T LB W R )
* Register number
TLB
EntryLo0
2*
EntryLo1
3*
3*
Index
0*
Random
1*
Wired
6*
Figure 1 The RC4700 CPO Registers
Hardware Overview
Hardware Overview
Hardware OverviewHardware Overview
The RC4700 processor family brings a high-level of integration designed for high-performance computing. The R4700’s key elements are briefly described below. A more detailed explanation of each subsystem is available in the user’s manual.
Compare
11*
Cause
13*
ErrorEPC
30*
XContext
20*
LLAddr
17*
Config
16*
TagLo
28*
CacheErr
27*
Register Fil e
Register Fil e
Register Fil eRegister Fil e
The R4700 has 32 general-purpose registers (shown in Figure 2). These registers are used for scalar integer operations and address calculation. The register file consists of two read ports and one write port and is fully bypassed to minimize operation latency in the pipeline.
General Purpose Registers Multiply/Divide Registers
63 0
0630 r1 HI r2 63 0
•LO
Program Counter
•630 r29 PC r30 r31
Figure 2 R4700 CPU Registers
ALU
ALU
ALUALU
The RC4700 ALU consists of the integer adder and logic unit. The
adder performs address calculations in addition to arithmetic operations,
Pipeline
Pipeline
PipelinePipeline
The RC4700 uses a simple 5-stage pipeline, similar to the pipeline structure implemented in the IDT79R32364. This pipeline’s simplicity allows the RC4700 to be lower cost and lower power than super-scalar or super-pipelined processors. The pipeline stages are shown in Figure 3 on page 3.
and the logic unit performs all logical and shift operations. Each of these units is highly optimized and can perform an operation in a single pipe­line cycle.
Integer Multiply/Divide
Integer Multiply/Divide
Integer Multiply/DivideInteger Multiply/Divide
To perform integer multiply and divide operations, the RC4700 uses
the floating-point unit. The results of the operation are placed in the HI
Integer Execution Engine
Integer Execution Engine
Integer Execution EngineInteger Execution Engine
The R4700 implements the MIPS-III Instruction Set architecture and is upwardly compatible with applications that run on earlier generation parts.
and LO registers. The values can then be transferred to the general purpose register file using the MFHI/MFLO instructions. To prevent the
Implementation of the MIPS-III architecture results in 64-bit opera­tions, better code density, greater multi-processing support, improved performance for commonly used code sequences in operating system kernels and faster execution of floating-point intensive applications. All
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IDT79R4700
I
0
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
Key to Figure
1I 2I 1R 2R 1A 2A 1D 2D 1W 2W
1I 2I 1R 2R 1A 2A 1D 2D 1W 2W
1I 2I 1R 2R 1A 2A 1D 2D 1W •••
1I-1R Instruction cache access 2I Instruction virtual-to-physical address translation in ITLB 2A-2D Data cache access and load align 1D Data virtual-to-physical address translation in DTLB 1D-2D Virtual-to-physical address translation in JTLB 2R Register file read 2R Bypass calculation 2R Instruction decode 2R Branch address calculation 1A Issue or slip decision 1A-2A Integer add, logical, shift 1A Data virtual address calculation 2A Store align 1A Branch decision 2W Register file write
1I 2I 1R 2R 1A 2A 1D •••
1I 2I 1R 2R 1A •••
one cycle
Figure 3 RC4700 Pipeline Stages
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occurrence of an interlock or stall, a required number of processor internal cycles must occur between an integer multiply or divide and a subsequent MFHI or MFLO operation.
Operation 32-bit 64-bit
MULT 6 - 9 7 - 10 DIV 42 74
Floating-Point Co-Processor
Floating-Point Co-Processor
Floating-Point Co-ProcessorFloating-Point Co-Processor
The RC4700 incorporates a complete floating-point co-processor on chip and includes a floating-point register file and execution units. The floating-point co-processor forms a “seamless” interface with the integer unit, decoding and executing instructions in parallel with the integer unit.
Floating-Point Units
Floating-Point Units
Floating-Point UnitsFloating-Point Units
The RC4700 floating-point execution units support single and double precision arithmetic, as specified in the IEEE Standard 754. The execu­tion unit is separated into a multiply unit and a combined add/convert/ divide/square root unit. Overlap of multiplies and add/subtract is supported. The multiplier is partially pipelined, allowing a new multiply to begin every four cycles.
The RC4700 maintains fully precise floating-point exceptions while allowing both overlapped and pipelined operations. Precise exceptions are extremely important in mission-critical environments and highly desirable for debugging in any environment.
The floating-point unit operation’s set includes floating-point add, subtract, multiply, divide, square root, conversion between fixed-point and floating-point format, conversion among floating-point formats and floating-point compare. These operations comply with the IEEE Stan­dard 754.
Table 1 lists the latencies of some of the floating-point instructions in internal processor cycles. Note that multiplies are pipelined so that a new multiply can be initiated every four pipeline cycles
Floating-Point General Register File
Floating-Point General Register File
Floating-Point General Register FileFloating-Point General Register File
The floating-point register file is made up of thirty-two 64-bit regis­ters. With the LDC1 and SDC1 instructions the floating-point unit can take advantage of the 64-bit wide data cache and issue a co-processor load or store doubleword instruction in every cycle.
The floating-point control register space contains two registers: one for determining configuration and revision information for the copro­cessor and one for control and status information. These are primarily involved with diagnostic software, exception handling, state saving and restoring, and control of rounding modes.
Operation
ADD 4 4 SUB 4 4 MUL 4 5 DIV 32 61 SQRT 31 60 CMP 3 3 FIX 4 4 FLOAT 6 6 ABS 1 1 MOV 1 1 NEG 1 1 LWC1, LDC1 2 2 SWC1, SDC1 1 1
Table 1 RC4700 Instruction Latencies
System Control Co-processor (CP0)
System Control Co-processor (CP0)
System Control Co-processor (CP0)System Control Co-processor (CP0)
The system control co-processor in the MIPS architecture is respon­sible for the virtual memory sub-system, the exception control system and the diagnostics capability of the processor. In the MIPS architec­ture, the system control co-processor (and thus the kernel software) is implementation dependent.
System Control Co-Processor Registers
System Control Co-Processor Registers
System Control Co-Processor RegistersSystem Control Co-Processor Registers
The RC4700 incorporates all system control co-processor (CP0) registers, on-chip. These registers (shown in Figure 1 on page 2) provide the path through which the virtual memory system’s page mapping is examined and changed, exceptions are handled and oper­ating modes are controlled (kernel vs. user mode, interrupts enabled or disabled, cache features). In addition, to aid in cache diagnostic testing and assist in data error detection, the RC4700 includes registers to implement a real-time cycle counting facility.
Virtual-to-Physical Address Mapping
Virtual-to-Physical Address Mapping
Virtual-to-Physical Address MappingVirtual-to-Physical Address Mapping
To establish a secure environment for user processing, the RC4700 provides the user, supervisor, and kernel modes of virtual addressing, available to system software. Bits in a status register determine which virtual addressing mode is used.
While in user mode, the RC4700 provides a single, uniform virtual address space of 256GB (2GB for 32-bit address mode). When oper­ating in the kernel mode, four distinct virtual address spaces—totalling 1024GB (4GB in 32-bit address mode)—are simultaneously available and are differentiated by the high-order bits of the virtual address.
Single
Precision
Double
Precision
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The RC4700 processor also supports a supervisor mode in which the virtual address space is 256.5GB (2.5GB in 32-bit address mode), divided into three regions that are based on the high-order bits of the virtual address. If the RC4700 is configured for 64-bit virtual addressing, the virtual address space layout is an upwardly compatible extension of the 32-bit virtual address space layout. Figure 4 on page 5 shows the address space layout for the 32-bit virtual address operation.
Memory Management Unit (MMU)
Memory Management Unit (MMU)
Memory Management Unit (MMU)Memory Management Unit (MMU)
The Memory management unit controls the virtual memory system page mapping. It consists of an instruction address translation buffer (the ITLB), a data address translation buffer (the DTLB), a Joint TLB (the JTLB), and co-processor registers used for the virtual memory mapping sub-system.
Instruction TLB (ITLB)
Instruction TLB (ITLB)
Instruction TLB (ITLB)Instruction TLB (ITLB)
The RC4700 also incorporates a two-entry instruction TLB. Each entry maps a 4KB page. The instruction TLB improves performance by allowing instruction address translation to occur in parallel with data address translation. When a miss occurs on an instruction address translation, the least-recently used ITLB entry is filled from the JTLB. The operation of the ITLB is invisible to the user.
Data TLB (DTLB)
Data TLB (DTLB)
Data TLB (DTLB)Data TLB (DTLB)
The RC4700 also incorporates a four-entry data TLB. Each entry maps a 4KB page. The data TLB improves performance by allowing data address translation to occur in parallel with instruction address translation. When a miss occurs on a data address translation, the DTLB is filled from the JTLB. The DTLB refill is pseudo-LRU: the least recently used entry of the least recently used half is filled. The operation of the DTLB is invisible to the user.
Joint TLB (JTLB)
Joint TLB (JTLB)
Joint TLB (JTLB)Joint TLB (JTLB)
For fast virtual-to-physical address decoding, the RC4700 uses a large, fully associative TLB that maps 96 virtual pages to their corre­sponding physical addresses. The TLB is organized as 48 pairs of even­odd entries and maps a virtual address and address space identifier into the large, 64GB physical address space.
Two mechanisms are provided to assist in controlling the amount of mapped space and the replacement characteristics of various memory regions. First, the page size can be configured, on a per-entry basis, to map a page size of 4KB to 16MB (in multiples of 4). A CP0 register is loaded with the page size of a mapping, and that size is entered into the TLB when a new entry is written. Thus, operating systems can provide special purpose maps; for example, a typical frame buffer can be memory mapped using only one TLB entry.
The second mechanism controls the replacement algorithm, when a TLB miss occurs. The RC4700 provides a random replacement algo­rithm to select a TLB entry to be written with a new mapping; however, the processor provides a mechanism whereby a system specific number
of mappings can be locked into the TLB and avoid being randomly replaced. This facilitates the design of real-time systems, by all owing deterministic access to critical software.
The joint TLB also contains information to control the c ache coher­ency protocol for each page. Specifically, each page has attribute bits to determine whether the coherency algorithm is uncached, non-coherent write-back, non-coherent write-through write-allocate or non-coherent write-through no write-allocate. Non-coherent write-back is typically used for both code and data on the RC4700; however, hardware-based cache coherency is not supported.
0xFFFFFFFF
0xE0000000 0xDFFFFFFF Supervisor virtual address space
0xC0000000 0xBFFFFFFF
0xA0000000 0x9FFFFFFF
0x80000000 0x7FFFFFF
0x00000000
Figure 4 Kernel Mode Virtual Addressing (32-bit Mode)
Cache Memory
Cache Memory
Cache MemoryCache Memory
Kernel virtual address space
(kseg3)
Mapped, 0.5GB
(sseg)
Mapped, 0.5GB
Uncached kernel physical address space
(kseg1)
Unmapped, 0.5GB
Cached kernel physical address space
(kseg0)
Unmapped, 0.5GB
User virtual address space
(useg)
Mapped, 2.0GB
To keep the RC4700’s high-performance pipeline full and operating efficiently, the RC4700 incorporates on-chip instruction and data caches that can be accessed in a single processor cycle. Each cache has its own 64-bit data path and can be accessed in parallel.
Instruction Cache
Instruction Cache
Instruction CacheInstruction Cache
The RC4700 incorporates a two-way set associative on-chip instruc­tion cache. This virtually indexed, physically tagged cache is 16KB in size and is protected with word parity.
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Because the cache is virtually indexed, the virtual-to-physical address translation occurs in parallel with the cache access, further increasing performance by allowing these two operations to occur simul­taneously. The tag holds a 24-bit physical address and valid bit and is parity protected.
The instruction cache is 64-bits wide and can be refilled or accessed in a single processor cycle. For a peak instruction bandw idth of 800MB/ sec at 200MHz, instruction fetches require only 32 bits per cycle. To reduce power dissipation, sequential accesses take advantage of the 64-bit fetch. To minimize the cache miss penalty, cache miss refill writes use 64 bits-per-cycle, and to maximize cache performance, the line size is eight instructions (32 bytes).
Data Cache
Data Cache
Data CacheData Cache
For fast, single cycle data access, the RC4700 includes a 16KB on­chip data cache that is two-way set associative with a fixed 32-byte (eight words) line size.
The data cache is protected with byte parity and its tag is protected with a single parity bit. It is virtually indexed and physically tagged to allow simultaneous address translation and data cache access
The normal write policy is writeback, which means that a s tore to a cache line does not immediately cause memory to be updated. This increases system performance by reducing bus traffic and eliminating the bottleneck of waiting for each store operation to finish before issuing a subsequent memory operation. Software can however select write­through on a per-page basis when it is appropriate, such as for frame buffers.
Associated with the data cache is the store buffer. When the RC4700 executes a Store instruction, this single-entry buffer gets written with the store data while the tag comparison is performed. If the tag matches, then the data is written into the data cache in the next cycle that the data cache is not accessed (the next non-load cycle). The store buffer allows the R4700 to execute a store instruction every processor cycle and to perform back-to-back stores without penalty.
The data cache can provide 8 bytes each clock cycle, for a peak bandwidth of 1.6 GB/sec.
The system interface consists of a 64-bit Address/Data bus with eight check bits and a 9-bit command bus protected with parity. In addi­tion, there are eight handshake signals and six interrupt inputs. The interface has a simple timing specification and is capable of transferring data between the processor and memory at a peak rate of 500MB/sec with a 67MHz bus.
System Address/Data Bus
System Address/Data Bus
System Address/Data BusSystem Address/Data Bus
The 64-bit System Address Data (SysAD) bus is used to transfer addresses and data between the RC4700 and the rest of the system. It is protected with an 8-bit parity check bus, SysADC.
The system interface is configurable to allow easier interfacing to memory and I/O systems of varying frequencies. The data rate and the bus frequency at which the RC4700 transmits data to the system inter­face are programmable via boot time mode control bits. Also, the rate at which the processor receives data is fully controlled by the external device. Therefore, either a low cost interface requiring no read or write buffering or a faster, high performance interface can be designed to communicate with the RC4700. Again, the system designer has the flex­ibility to make these price/performance trade-offs.
System Command Bus
System Command Bus
System Command BusSystem Command Bus
The RC4700 interface has a 9-bit System Command (SysCmd) bus. The command bus indicates whether the SysAD bus carries an address or data. If the SysAD carries an address, then the SysCmd bus also indicates what type of transaction is to take place (for example, a read or write). If the SysAD carries data, then the SysCmd bus also gives information about the data (for example, this is the last data word trans­mitted, or the cache state of this data line is clean exclusive). The SysCmd bus is bidirectional to support both processor requests and external requests to the RC4700. Processor requests are initiated by the RC4700 and responded to by an external device. External requests are issued by an external device and require the RC4700 to respond.
The RC4700 supports one to eight byte and block transfers on the SysAD bus. In the case of a sub-doubleword transfer, the low-order three address bits give the byte address of the transfer, and the SysCmd bus indicates the number of bytes being transferred.
Write Buffer
Write Buffer
Write BufferWrite Buffer
Writes to external memory—whether they are cache miss write­backs, stores to uncached or write-through addresses—use the on-chip write buffer. The write buf fer holds a maximum of four 64-bit address and 64-bit data pairs. The entire buffer is used for a data cache writeback and allows the processor to proceed in parallel with memory updates.
System Interface
System Interface
System InterfaceSystem Interface
The RC4700 supports a 64-bit system interface. This interface oper­ates from two clocks—TClock[1:0] and RClock[1:0]—provided by the RC4700, at some division of the internal clock.
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Handshak e S ignals
Handshak e S ignals
Handshak e S ignalsHandshake Sign als
There are six handshake signals on the system interface. Two of these, RdRdy* and WrRdy* are used by an external device to indicate to the RC4700 whether it can accept a new read or write transaction. The RC4700 samples these signals before deasserting the address on read and write requests.
ExtRqst* and Release* are used to transfer control of the SysAD and SysCmd buses between the processor and an external device. When an external device needs to control the interface, it asserts ExtRqst*. The RC4700 responds by asserting Release* to release the system interface to slave state.
IDT79R4700
ValidOut* and ValidIn* are used by the RC4700 and the external device respectively to indicate that there is a valid command or data on the SysAD and SysCmd buses. The RC4700 asserts ValidOut* when it is driving these buses with a valid command or data, and the external device drives ValidIn* when it has control of the buses and is driving a valid command or data.
Non-overlapping System Interface
Non-overlapping System Interface
Non-overlapping System InterfaceNon-overlapping System Interface
The RC4700 bus uses a non-overlapping system interface. This means that only one processor request may be outstanding at a time and that the request must be serviced by an external device before the RC4700 issues another request. The RC4700 can issue read and write requests to an external device, and an external device can issue read and write requests to the RC4700.
For processor read transaction the RC4700 asserts ValidOut* and simultaneously drives the address and read command on the SysAD and SysCmd buses. If the system interface has RdRdy* asserted, then the processor tristates its drivers and releases the system interface to slave state by asserting Release*. The external device can then begin sending the data.
Figure 5 on page 10 shows a processor block read request and the external agent read response. The read latency is four cycles (ValidOut* to ValidIn*), and the response data pattern is DDxxDD. Figure 6 on page 10 shows a processor block write.
information to be kept in a low-cost serial EEPROM; alternatively, the 20-or-so bits could be generated by the system interface ASIC or a simple PAL.
Immediately after the V bit stream of 256 bits to initialize all fundamental operational modes. After initialization is complete, the processor continues to drive the serial clock output, but no further initialization bits are read.
JTAG Interface
JTAG Interface
JTAG InterfaceJTAG Interface
The RC4700 supports the JTAG interface pins, with the serial input connected to serial output. Boundary scan is not supported.
Boot-Time Modes
Boot-Time Modes
Boot-Time ModesBoot-Time Modes
The boot-time serial mode stream is defined in Table 3. Bit 0 is the first bit presented to the processor when VCCOK last.
Power Management
Power Management
Power ManagementPower Management
CP0 is also used to control the power management for the RC4700. This is the standby mode and can be used to reduce the power consumption of the internal core of the CPU. Standby mode is entered by executing the WAIT instruction with the SysAD bus idle and is exited by an interrupt.
CCOK
signal is asserted, the processor reads a
is asserted; bit 255 is the
1111
Write Reissue and Pipel ine Write
Write Reissue and Pipel ine Write
Write Reissue and Pipel ine WriteWrite Reissue and Pipel ine Write
The RC4700 implements additional write protocols that have been designed to improve performance. This implementation doubles the effective write bandwidth. The write re-issue has a high repeat rate of two cycles per write. A write issues if WrRdy* is asserted two cycles earlier and is still asserted at the issue cycle. If it is not still asserted, the last write re-issues again. Pipelined writes have the same two cycle per write repeat rate but can issue one additional write after WrRdy* de­asserts. They still follow the issue rule as R4x00 mode for other writes.
External Requests
External Requests
External RequestsExternal Requests
The RC4700 responds to requests issued by an external device. The requests can take several forms. An external device may need to supply data in response to an RC4700 read request or it may need to gain control over the system interface bus to access other resources which may be on that bus. It also may issue requests to the processor, such as a request for the RC4700 to write to the RC4700 interrupt register. The RC4700 supports Write, Null, and Read Response external requests.
Boot-Time Options
Boot-Time Options
Boot-Time OptionsBoot-Time Options
Fundamental operational modes for the processor are initialized by the boot-time mode control interface. The boot-time mode control inter­face is a serial interface operating at a very low frequency (MasterClock divided by 256). The low-frequency operation allows the initialization
Standby Mode Operations
Standby Mode Operations
Standby Mode OperationsStandby Mode Operations
The RC4700 provides a means to reduce the amount of power consumed by the internal core when the CPU would otherwise not be performing any useful operations. This is known as “Standby Mode.”
Entering Standby Mode
Entering Standby Mode
Entering Standby ModeEntering Standby Mode
Executing the WAIT instruction enables interrupts and enters Standby mode. When the WAIT instruction finishes the W pipe-stage, if the SysAd bus is currently idle, the internal clocks will shut down, thus freezing the pipeline. The PLL, internal timer, some of the input pin clocks (Int[5:0]*, NMI*, ExtReq*, Reset*, and ColdReset*), and the output clocks—TClock[1:0], RClock[1:0] SyncOut, Modeclock and MasterOut—will continue to run. If the conditions are not correct when the WAIT instruction finishes the W pipe-stage (such as the SysAd bus is not idle), the WAIT is treated as a NOP.
Once the CPU is in Standby Mode, any interrupt— including the internally generated timer interrupt—will cause the CPU to exit S tandby Mode.
1.
The R4700 implements advanced power management, to substantially reduce the average power dissipation of the device. This operation is described in the R4700 Microprocessor Hardware User’s Manual.
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IDT79R4700
Thermal Consid erations
Thermal Consid erations
Thermal Consid erationsThermal Consider ati ons
The RC4700 uses special packaging techniques to improve the thermal properties of high-speed processors. The RC4700 is packaged using cavity down packaging in a 179-pin PGA package, and a 208-lead QFP package. These packages effectively dissipate the power of the CPU, increasing device reliability.
The R4700 is guaranteed in a case temperature range of 0° to +85° C. The type of package, speed (power) of the device, and airflow condi­tions affect the equivalent ambient temperature conditions that will meet this specification.
The equivalent allowable ambient temperature, T using the thermal resistance from case to ambient (
A, can be calculated
CA) of the given
package. The following equation relates ambient and case tempera­tures:
T
A = TC
- P * ∅CA
where P is the maximum power consumption at hot temperature, calculated by using the maximum I
Typical values for
Airflow (ft/min) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 PGA 16 7 5 3 2.5 2 QFP 21 13 10 9 8 7
Table 2:
Revision History
Revision History
Revision HistoryRevision History
Revision History
Revision History
Revision HistoryRevision History
CA at various airflows are shown in Table 2:.
Thermal Resistance (∅CA) at Various Airflows
specification for the device.
CC
CA
January 1996: Initial draft.
March 1997: Deleted data on 150MHz speed for 5V part only.
August 1997: Upgraded 80 to 175 MHz speed specs from “Prelimi-
nary” to “Final.”
June 1999: Upgraded speed to 200MHz on 3V part specs. Package change to DP.
June 29, 2000: Added back 175 and 200 MHz speeds.
April 10, 2001: In the Data Output category of the System Interface
Parameters tables, changed values in the Min column for all speeds from 1.0 to 0.
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