MK2049-02/03
Communications Clock PLLs
Description
The MK2049-02 and MK2049-03 are PhaseLocked Loop (PLL) based clock synthesizers that
accept multiple input frequencies. With an 8 kHz
clock input as a reference, the MK2049-02/03
generate T1, E1, T3, E3, ISDN, xDSL, and other
communications frequencies. This allows for the
generation of clocks frequency-locked and phaselocked to an 8 kHz backplane clock, simplifying
clock synchronization in communications systems.
The MK2049-02/03 can also accept a T1, E1, T3,
or E3 input clock and provide the same output for
loop timing. All outputs are frequency-locked
together and to the input.
These parts also have a jitter-attenuated buffer
capability. In this mode, the MK2049-02/03 are
ideal for filtering jitter from 27 MHz video clocks
or other clocks with high jitter.
ICS/MicroClock can customize these devices for
many other different frequencies. Contact your
ICS/MicroClock representative for more details.
Features
• Packaged in 20 pin SOIC
• Fixed input-output phase relationship on most
clock selections
• Meets the TR62411, ETS300 011, and GR-1244
specification for MTIE, Pull-in/Hold-in Range,
Phase Transients, and Jitter Generation for
Stratum 3, 4, and 4E
• Accept multiple inputs: 8 kHz backplane clock,
Loop Timing frequencies, or 10-28 MHz
• Lock to 8 kHz ±100 ppm (External mode)
• Buffer Mode allows jitter attenuation of
10–28 MHz input and x1/x0.5 or x2/x4 outputs
• Exact internal ratios enable zero ppm error
• Output clock rates include T1, E1, T3, E3, ISDN,
xDSL, and OC3 submultiples
• 5 V ±5% operation. Refer to MK2049-34 for 3.3 V
Block Diagram
RESET
FS3:0
Clock
Input
Reference
Crystal
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4
External/
Loop Timing
Mux
X1
Crystal
Oscillator
X2
VDD GND
4 3
Synthesis,
Control, and
Attenuation
Circuitry
CAP1
PLL
Clock
Jitter
CAP2
Output
Buffer
Output
Buffer
Output
Buffer
CLK1
CLK2
CLK3
8 kHz
(External
Mode only)
Pin Assignment
MK2049-02/03
Communications Clock PLLs
FS1 FS0
X2
X1
VDD
VDD
VDD
GND
CLK2
CLK1
CLK3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
RESET
CAP2
GND
CAP1
VDD
GND
ICLK
FS3
FS2
20 pin (300 mil) SOIC
Pin Descriptions
Number Name Type Description
1 FS1 I Frequency Select 1. Determines CLK input/outputs per tables on pages 4 & 5.
2 X2 XO Crystal connection. Connect to a MHz crystal as shown in the tables on pages 4 & 5.
3 X1 XI Crystal connection. Connect to a MHz crystal as shown in the tables on pages 4 & 5.
4 VDD P Connect to +5V.
5 VDD P Connect to +5V.
6 VDD P Connect to +5V.
7 GND P Connect to ground.
8 CLK2 O Clock 2 output determined by status of FS3:0 per tables on pages 4 & 5.
9 CLK1 O Clock 1 output determined by status of FS3:0 per tables on pages 4 & 5. Always 1/2 of CLK2.
10 CLK3 O Clock 3 as shown in tables on pages 4 &5; typically recovered 8 kHz clock output.
11 FS2 I Frequency Select 2. Determines CLK input/outputs per tables on pages 4 & 5.
12 FS3 I Frequency Select 3. Determines CLK input/outputs per tables on pages 4 & 5.
13 ICLK I Input clock connection. Connect to 8 kHz backplane or MHz clock.
14 GND P Connect to ground.
15 VDD P Connect to +5V.
16 CAP1 LF Connect the loop filter ceramic capacitors and resistor between this pin and CAP2.
17 GND P Connect to ground.
18 CAP2 LF Connect the loop filter ceramic capacitors and resistor between this pin and CAP1.
19 RESET I Reset pin. Resets internal PLL when low. Outputs will stop low. Internal pull-up resistor.
20 FS0 I Frequency Select 0. Determines CLK input/outputs per tables on pages 4 & 5.
Type: XI, XO = crystal connections, I = Input, O = output, P = power supply connection, LF = loop filter
connections
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MK2049-02/03
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1)
DC CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 5V unless noted)
AC CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 5V unless noted)
Communications Clock PLLs
Electrical Specifications
Parameter Conditions Minimum Typical Maximum Units
Supply Voltage, VDD Referenced to GND 7 V
Inputs and Clock Outputs -0.5 VDD+0.5 V
Ambient Operating Temperature MK2049-0xS 0 70 °C
MK2049-0xSI -40 85 °C
Soldering Temperature Max of 10 seconds 250 °C
Storage Temperature -65 150 °C
Operating Voltage, VDD 4.75 5 5.25 V
Input High Voltage, VIH 2 V
Input Low Voltage, VIL 0.8 V
Input High Voltage, VIH Pin 19 only VDD-0.5 V
Input Low Voltage, VIL Pin 19 only 0.5 V
Output High Voltage IOH=-4 mA VDD-0.4 V
Output High Voltage IOH=-8 mA 2.4 V
Output Low Voltage IOL=8 mA 0.4 V
Operating Supply Current, IDD No Load, VDD=5.0V 20 mA
Short Circuit Current Each output ±100 mA
Input Capacitance, FS3:0 7 pF
Input Frequency, External Mode ICLK 8.000 kHz
Input Clock Pulse Width 10 ns
Propagation Delay ICLK to CLK2 0 2 ns
Output-Output Skew, Zero Delay Selections CLK1 to CLK2, Note 2 500 ps
Output Clock Rise Time 0.8 to 2.0 V 1.5 ns
Output Clock Fall Time 2.0 to 0.8 V 1.5 ns
Output Clock Duty Cycle, High Time At VDD/2 40 60 %
Actual mean frequency error versus target Any clock selection 0 0 ppm
Notes:
1. Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings could cause permanent damage to the device. Prolonged exposure
to levels above the operating limits but below the Absolute Maximums may affect device reliability.
2. CLK1 in the MK2049-02 may have the rising or falling edge aligned with the rising edge of CLK2. See the INPUT AND
OUTPUT SYNCHRONIZATION section for more details.
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Communications Clock PLLs
MK2049-02 Output Decoding Table – External Mode (MHz)
ICLK FS3 FS2 FS1 FS0 CLK1 CLK2 Crystal CLK3
(Note 3)
8 kHz 0 0 0 0 1.544 3.088 12.352 8 kHz
8 kHz 0 0 0 1 2.048 4.096 12.288 8 kHz
8 kHz 0 0 1 0 22.368 44.736 11.184 8 kHz
8 kHz 0 0 1 1 17.184 34.368 11.456 8 kHz
8 kHz 0 1 0 0 19.44 38.88 12.96 8 kHz
8 kHz 0 1 0 1 16.384 32.768 8.192 8 kHz
8 kHz 0 1 1 0 24.576 49.152 12.288 8 kHz
8 kHz 0 1 1 1 25.92 51.84 12.96 8 kHz
8 kHz 1 1 0 0 10.24 20.48 10.24 8 kHz
8 kHz 1 1 0 1 4.096 8.192 12.288 8 kHz
MK2049-02 Output Decoding Table – Loop Timing Mode (MHz)
ICLK FS3 FS2 FS1 FS0 CLK1 CLK2 Crystal CLK3
(Note 3)
1.544 1 0 0 0 1.544 3.088 12.352 N/A
2.048 1 0 0 1 2.048 4.096 12.288 N/A
44.736 1 0 1 0 22.368 44.736 11.184 N/A
34.368 1 0 1 1 17.184 34.368 11.456 N/A
MK2049-02/03
MK2049-02 Output Decoding Table – Buffer Mode (MHz)
ICLK FS3 FS2 FS1 FS0 CLK1 CLK2 Crystal CLK3
(Note 3)
19 - 28 1 1 1 0 ICLK/2 ICLK ICLK/2 N/A
10 - 14 1 1 1 1 2*ICLK 4*ICLK ICLK N/A
• 0 = connect directly to ground, 1 = connect directly to VDD.
• Crystal is connected to pins 2 and 3; clock input is applied to pin 13.
= No Zero (Fixed) I/O Delay for these selections shown in the shaded boxes.
Note 3: CLK1 rising or falling edge may align with the input clock. See Figure 1 on page 6
for more details.
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Communications Clock PLLs
MK2049-03 Output Decoding Table – External Mode (MHz)
ICLK FS3 FS2 FS1 FS0 CLK1 CLK2 CLK3 Crystal
8 kHz 0 0 0 0 1.544 3.088 8 kHz 12.352
8 kHz 0 0 0 1 2.048 4.096 8 kHz 12.288
8 kHz 0 0 1 0 18.688 37.376 8 kHz 9.344
8 kHz 0 0 1 1 7.68 15.36 8 kHz 10.24
8 kHz 0 1 0 0 19.44 38.88 8 kHz 9.72
8 kHz 0 1 0 1 16.384 32.768 8 kHz 8.192
8 kHz 0 1 1 0 24.576 49.152 8 kHz 12.288
8 kHz 0 1 1 1 8.64 17.28 8 kHz 11.52
8 kHz 1 0 1 0 12.416 24.832 8 kHz 12.416
8 kHz 1 0 1 1 18.528 37.056 1.544 MHz 12.352
8 kHz 1 1 0 0 10.24 20.48 8 kHz 10.24
8 kHz 1 1 0 1 4.096 8.192 8 kHz 8.192
= No Zero (Fixed) I/O Delay for these selections shown in the shaded boxes.
MK2049-03 Output Decoding Table – Loop Timing Mode (MHz) for T1/E1
ICLK FS3 FS2 FS1 FS0 CLK1 CLK2 Crystal CLK3
1.544 1 0 0 0 1.544 3.088 12.352 N/A
2.048 1 0 0 1 2.048 4.096 12.288 N/A
MK2049-02/03
MK2049-03 Output Decoding Table – Buffer Mode (MHz)
ICLK FS3 FS2 FS1 FS0 CLK1 CLK2 Crystal CLK3
19 - 28 1 1 1 0 ICLK/2 ICLK ICLK/2 N/A
10 - 14 1 1 1 1 2*ICLK 4*ICLK ICLK Low
• 0 = connect directly to ground, 1 = connect directly to VDD.
• Crystal is connected to pins 2 and 3; clock input is applied to pin 13.
OPERATING MODES
The MK2049-02/03 have three operating modes: External, Loop Timing, and Buffer. Although each
mode uses an input clock to generate various output clocks, there are important differences in their input
and crystal requirements.
External Mode
The MK2049-02/03 accept an external 8 kHz clock and will produce a number of common communication clock frequencies. The 8 kHz input clock does not need to have a 50% duty cycle; a “high” or “on”
pulse as narrow as 10 ns is acceptable. In the MK2049-02, the rising edge of CLK2 is aligned with the
rising edge of the 8 kHz ICLK; refer to Figure 1 for more details. In the MK2049-03, the rising edges of
CLK1 and CLK2 are both aligned with the rising edge of the 8 kHz ICLK (unless noted in the shaded area
of the table); refer to Figure 2 for more details.
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MK2049-02/03
Communications Clock PLLs
OPERATING MODES (continued)
Loop Timing Mode
This mode can be used to remove the jitter from standard high-frequency communication clocks. For T1
and E1 inputs, the CLK1 output will be the same as the input frequency, with CLK2 at twice the input
frequency. For T3 and E3 inputs, CLK1 will be 1/2 the input frequency and CLK2 will be the same as the
input frequency.
Buffer Mode
Unlike the other two modes that accept only a single specified input frequency, Buffer Mode will accept a
wider range of input clocks. The input jitter is attenuated, and the outputs on CLK1 and CLK2 also
provide the option of getting x1, x2, x4, or 1/2 of the input frequency. For example, this mode can be used
to remove the jitter from a 27 MHz clock, generating low-jitter 27 MHz and 13.5 MHz outputs.
INPUT AND OUTPUT SYNCHRONIZATION
As shown in the tables on pages 4 and 5, the MK2049-02/03 offer a Zero Delay feature in most selections.
In these selections, there is an internal feedback path between ICLK and the CLK2 output clock. This
provides a fixed phase relationship between the input and output, a requirement in many communications
systems.
MK2049-02
As illustrated in the diagram below, when using the MK2049-02 in one of the Zero Delay selections, the
rising edge of ICLK will be aligned with the rising edge of CLK2. However, the CLK1 edge in these cases
will be either rising or falling. (8 kHz is used in this illustration, but the same is true for the Zero Delay
selections in the Loop Timing and Buffer modes.)
ICLK (8 kHz)
CLK2 (MHz)
CLK1 (MHz)
Figure 1. MK2049-02 Input and Output Clock Waveforms in Zero Delay Selections
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MK2049-02/03
Communications Clock PLLs
INPUT AND OUTPUT SYNCHRONIZATION (continued)
MK2049-03
As illustrated in the diagram below, when using the MK2049-03 in one of the Zero Delay selections, the
rising edge of ICLK will be aligned with the rising edges of CLK1 and CLK2.
ICLK (8 kHz)
CLK2 (MHz)
CLK1 (MHz)
Figure 2. MK2049-03 Input and Output Clock Waveforms in Zero Delay Selections
In the MK2049-02 and MK2049-03 selections that are not Zero Delay, the phase relationship between the
input and output clocks is not predictable. Although it will not change once the MK2049-02/03 is running,
this relationship is likely to change when power is interrupted.
Measuring Zero Delay on the MK2049
The MK2049-02/03 both produce low-jitter output clocks. In addition, both parts have a very low
bandwidth--on the order of a few Hertz. Since most 8 kHz input clocks will have high jitter, this can make
measuring the input-to-output skew (zero delay feature) very difficult. The MK2049 are designed to reject
the input jitter; when the input and output clocks are both displayed on an oscilloscope, they may appear
not to be locked because the scope trigger point is constantly changing with the input jitter. In fact, the
input and output clocks probably are locked, and the MK2049 will have zero delay to the average position
of the 8 kHz input clock. In order to see this clearly, a low jitter 8 kHz input clock is necessary. Most lab
frequency sources are NOT SUITABLE for this since they have high jitter at low frequencies.
Frequency Locking to the Input
In all modes, the output clocks are frequency-locked to the input. The output will remain at the specified
output frequency as long as the combined variation of the input frequency and the crystal does not exceed
100 ppm. For example, if the crystal can vary ±40 ppm (initial accuracy + temperature + aging), then the
input frequency can vary by up to 60 ppm and still have the output clock remain frequency-locked.
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MK2049-02/03
Communications Clock PLLs
LAYOUT AND EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
The MK2049-02/03 require a minimum number of external components for proper operation. Decoupling
capacitors of 0.01µF must be connected between VDD and GND pins close to the chip (especially pins 4
and 7, 15 and 17), and 33 Ω terminating resistors should be used on clock outputs with traces longer than 1
inch (assuming 50 Ω traces).
PC Board Layout
A proper board layout is critical to the successful use of the MK2049. In particular, the CAP1 and CAP2 pins
are very sensitive to noise and leakage (CAP2 at pin 18 is the most sensitive). Traces must be as short as
possible and the two capacitors and resistor must be mounted next to the device as shown below. The
capacitor shown between pins 15 and 17, and the one between pins 5 and 7 are the power supply decoupling
capacitors. The high frequency output clocks on pins 8 and 9 should have a series termination of 33 Ω
connected close to the pin. Additional improvements will come from keeping all components on the same
side of the board, minimizing vias through other signal layers, and routing other signals away from the
MK2049. You may also refer to MAN05 for additional suggestions on layout of the crystal section.
The crystal traces should include pads for small capacitors from X1 and X2 to ground; these are used to
adjust the stray capacitance of the board to match the crystal load capacitance. The typical telecom reference
frequency is accurate to much less than 1 ppm, so the MK2049 may lock and run properly even if the board
capacitance is not adjusted with these fixed capacitors. However, ICS MicroClock recommends that the
adjustment capacitors be included to minimize the effects of variation in individual crystals, temperature,
and aging. The value of these capacitors (typically 0-4 pF) is determined once for a given board layout,
using the procedure described in the section titled “Determining the Crystal Frequency Adjustment
Capacitors”.
Optional;
see text
cap
G
cap
cap
resist.
resist.
Cutout in ground and power plane.
Route all traces away from this area.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20
19
18
17V
16
15
14
13
12
cap
G
V
cap
resist.
cap
=connect to VDD
V
=connect to GND
G
1110
Figure 3. Typical MK2049-02/03 Layout
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MK2049-02/03
Communications Clock PLLs
LAYOUT AND EXTERNAL COMPONENTS (continued)
External Components Selection
The external loop filter should be connected between CAP1 and CAP2 as shown in Figure 4 below, and as
close to the chip as possible. High quality ceramic capacitors are recommended. DO NOT use any type of
polarized or electrolytic capacitor. Ceramic capacitors should have C0G or NP0 dielectric. Another
alternative is the Panasonic PPS polymer dielectric series; their part number for the 0.1 µF cap is
ECHU1C104JB5. Avoid high-K dielectrics like Z5U and X7R; these and other ceramics which have
piezolectric properties allow mechanical vibration in the system to increase the output jitter because the
mechanical energy is converted directly to voltage noise on the VCO input.
CAP2
0.015 µF
CAP1
470 kΩ
0.1 µF
Figure 4. Loop Filter Component Values
Typical component values are shown. Contact the ICS MicroClock applications
department at (408)297-1201 for the recommended values for your application.
Crystal Operation
The MK2049 operates by phase locking the input signal to a VCXO which consists of the special
recommended crystal and the integrated VCXO oscillator circuit on the MK2049. To achieve the best
performance and reliability, the layout guidelines shown on the previous page must be closely followed.
The frequency of oscillation of a quartz crystal is determined by its cut and by the load capacitors connected
to it. The MK2049 has variable load capacitors on-chip which “pull”, or change the frequency of the crystal.
External stray capacitance must be kept to a minimum to ensure maximum pullability of the crystal. To
achieve this, the layout should use short traces between the MK2049 and the crystal.
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Communications Clock PLLs
LAYOUT AND EXTERNAL COMPONENTS (continued)
Crystal Specifications
Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units
Operating Temperature Range 0 25 70 C
Initial Accuracy at 25 C -20 20 ppm
Temperature stability -30 30 ppm
Aging, first year -5 5 ppm
Aging, 10 years -20 20 ppm
Load Capacitance Note 1
Shunt Capacitance, C0 7 pF
Motional Capacitance, C1 none none pF
C0/C1 ratio 250 none
Equivalent Series Resistance 35 Ohms
*This ratio decreases for lower crystal frequencies.
MK2049-02/03
Note 1: Nominal crystal load capacitance specification varies with frequency.
Contact the ICS MicroClock applications department at (408)297-1201.
Note 2: The third overtone mode of the crystal and all spurs must be >200 ppm
away from 3x the fundamental resonance shown in the table below.
For recommended crystal devices, please contact the ICS MicroClock application department
at 408-297-1201.
MDS 2049-02/03 B 10 Revision 040601
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MK2049-02/03
Communications Clock PLLs
LAYOUT AND EXTERNAL COMPONENTS (continued)
Determining the Crystal Frequency Adjustment Capacitors
To determine the crystal adjustment capacitor values, you will need a PC board of your final layout, a
frequency counter capable of less than 1 ppm resolution and accuracy, two power supplies, and some samples
of the crystals which you plan to use in production, along with measured initial accuracy for each crystal at
the specified load capacitance, CL .
To determine the value of the crystal capacitors:
1. Connect VDD of the MK2049 to 5.0 V. Connect pin 18 of the MK2049 to the second power supply.
Adjust the voltage on pin 18 to 0.0 V. Measure and record the frequency of the CLK1 or CLK2 output .
2. Adjust the voltage on pin 18 to 3.0 V. Measure and record the frequency of the same output.
To calculate the centering error:
(f
Centering
error
= 10
- f
3.0V
6
target
) + (f
f
target
0.0V
- f
target
)
error
-
xtal
Where f
= 44.736000 MHz, for example, and error
target
= actual initial accuracy (in ppm) of the
xtal
crystal being measured.
If the centering error is less than ±15 ppm, no adjustment is needed. If the centering error is more than
15 ppm negative, the PC board has too much stray capacitance and will need to be redone with a new layout
to reduce stray capacitance. (The crystal may be re-specified to a lower load capacitance instead. Contact ICS
MicroClock for details.) If the centering error is more than 15 ppm positive, add identical fixed centering
capacitors from each crystal pin to ground. The value for each of these caps (in pF) is given by:
External Capacitor = 2*(centering error)/(trim sensitivity)
Trim sensitivity is a parameter which can be supplied by your crystal vendor. If you do not know the value,
assume it is 30 ppm/pF. After any changes, repeat the measurement to verify that the remaining error is
acceptably low (less than ±15 ppm).
The MicroClock Applications department can perform this procedure on your board. Call us at 408-2959800, and we will arrange for you to send us a PC board (stuffed or unstuffed) and one of your crystals. We
will calculate the value of capacitors needed.
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Communications Clock PLLs
Inches
Millimeters
Package Outline and Package Dimensions
(For current dimensional specifications, see JEDEC Publication No. 95.)
20 pin SOIC
Symbol Min Max Min Max
A -- 0.104 -- 2.65
E H
INDEX
AREA
1 2
h x 45°
D
A1 0.0040 -- 0.10 --
B 0.013 0.020 0.33 0.51
C 0.007 0.013 0.18 0.33
D 0.496 0.512 12.60 13.00
E 0.291 0.299 7.40 7.60
e
H 0.394 0.419 10.01 10.64
h 0.01 0.029 0.25 0.74
L 0.016 0.050 0.41 1.27
MK2049-02/03
A1 C
A
e
B
L
Ordering Information
Part/Order Number Marking Package Temperature
MK2049-02S MK2049-02S 20 pin SOIC 0 to 70 °C
MK2049-02STR MK2049-02S Add Tape & Reel 0 to 70 °C
MK2049-02SI MK2049-02SI 20 pin SOIC -40 to 85 °C
MK2049-02SITR MK2049-02SI Add Tape & Reel -40 to 85 °C
MK2049-03S MK2049-03S 20 pin SOIC 0 to 70 °C
MK2049-03STR MK2049-03S Add Tape & Reel 0 to 70 °C
MK2049-03SI MK2049-03SI 20 pin SOIC -40 to 85 °C
MK2049-03SITR MK2049-03SI Add Tape & Reel -40 to 85 °C
While the information presented herein has been checked for both accuracy and reliability, Integrated Circuit Systems (ICS) assumes no responsibility for either its use or for the
infringement of any patents or other rights of third parties, which would result from its use. No other circuits, patents, or licenses are implied. This product is intended for use in
normal commercial applications. Any other applications such as those requiring extended temperature range, high reliability, or other extraordinary environmental requirements
are not recommended without additional processing by ICS. ICS reserves the right to change any circuitry or specifications without notice. ICS does not authorize or warrant any
ICS product for use in life support devices or critical medical instruments.
MDS 2049-02/03 B 12 Revision 040601
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