Frequency Generator & Integrated Buffers for PENTIUM
General DescriptionFeatures
The ICS9148-11 generates all clocks required for high speed RISC
or CISC microprocessor systems such as Intel PentiumPro. An
output enable pin is provided for testability. MODE allows power
management functions: CPU_STOP#, PCI_STOP# &
PWR_DWN#.
High drive BCLK outputs typically provide greater than 1 V/ns slew
rate into 30 pF loads. PCLK outputs typically provide better than 1V/
ns slew rate into 20 pF loads while maintaining
The REF clock outputs typically provide better than 0.5V/ns slew
rates.
50±
5% duty cycle.
Block Diagram
Generates four processor, six bus, one 14.31818MHz and 12
SDRAM clocks.
Synchronous clocks skew matched to 250ps window on
CPU, SDRAM and 500ps window on BUS clocks.
CPUCLKs to BUS clocks skew 1-4 ns (CPU early)
Test clock mode eases system design
Custom configurations available
VDD(1:3) - 3.3V ±10%
(inputs 5V tolerant w/series R )
VDDL(1:2) - 2.5V or 3.3V ±5%
PC serial configuration interface
Power Management Control Input pins
48-pin SSOP package
Pin Configuration
TM
9148-11 RevB 12/09/97P
48-Pin SSOP
Functionality
CPUCLK,
OE
SDRAM
(MHz)
0High-ZHigh-ZHigh-Z
166.614.31833.3
ICS reserves the right to make changes in the device data identified in this
publication without further notice. ICS advises its customers to obtain the latest
version of all device data to verify that any information being relied upon by the
customer is current and accurate.
X1, REF
(MHz)
Pentium is a trademark of Intel Corporation
I2C is a trademark of Philips Corporation
PCICLK
(MHz)
Page 2
ICS9148-11
Pin Descriptions
PIN NUMBERPIN NAMETYPEDESCRIPTION
2REF0OUT14.318 MHz reference clock output s.
3, 9, 16, 22, 27,
33, 39, 45
4X1IN
5X2OUT
25MODEINMode select pin for enabling power man agement features.
7PCLK_FOU TFree running BUS clock dur ing PCI_STOP# = 0.
8, 10, 11, 12
13, 15
26OEIN
23SDATAINSerial data in for serial config port.
24SCLKINClock input f or serial config port.
33.3 MHz - PCI Clocks w/external Stop control and
serial config individual enable/disable.
ICS9148-11
Example:
a) if MODE = 1, pins 28, 29 and 31 are configured as SDRAM7, SDRAM6 and SDRAM5 respectively.
b) if MODE = 0, pins 28, 29 and 31 are configured as PCI_STOP#, CPU_STOP# and PWR_DWN# respectively.
Power-On Default Conditions
At power-up and before device programming, all clocks will default to an enabled and on condition. The frequencies that are then
produced are on the FS and MODE pin as shown in the table below.
CLOCKDEFAULT CONDITION AT POWER-UP
REF 014.31818 MHz
IOAPIC (0:1)14.31818 MHz
3
Page 4
ICS9148-11
Technical Pin Function Descriptions
VDD(1,2,3)
This is the power supply to the internal core logic of the device as well
as the clock output buffers for REF(0:1), PCICLK, 48/24MHzA/B
and SDRAM(0:7).
This pin operates at 3.3V volts. Clocks from the listed buffers that it
supplies will have a voltage swing from Ground to this level. For the
actual guaranteed high and low voltage levels for the Clocks, please
consult the DC parameter table in this data sheet.
VDDL1,2
This is the power supplies for the CPUCLK and IOAPCI output
buffers. The voltage level for these outputs may be 2.5 or 3.3volts.
Clocks from the buffers that each supplies will have a voltage swing
from Ground to this level. For the actual Guaranteed high and low
voltage levels of these Clocks, please consult the DC parameter
table in this Data Sheet.
GND
This is the power supply ground (common or negative) return pin for
the internal core logic and all the output buffers.
X1
This input pin serves one of two functions. When the device is used
with a Crystal, X1 acts as the input pin for the reference signal that
comes from the discrete crystal. When the device is driven by an
external clock signal, X1 is the device input pin for that reference
clock. This pin also implements an internal Crystal loading capacitor
that is connected to ground. With a nominal value fo 33pF no
external load cap is needed for a C
=17 to 18pF crystal.
L
X2
This Output pin is used only when the device uses a Crystal as the
reference frequency source. In this mode of operation, X2 is an
output signal that drives (or excites) the discrete Crystal. The X2 pin
will also implement an internal Crystal loading capacitor nominally
33pF.
CPUCLK (0:3)
These Output pins are the Clock Outputs that drive processor and
other CPU related circuitry that requires clocks which are in tight
skew tolerance with the CPU clock. The voltage swing of these
Clocks are controlled by the Voltage level applied to the VDDL2 pin
of the device. See the Functionality Table for a list of the specific
frequencies that are available for these Clocks and the selection
codes to produce them.
SDRAM(0:11)
These Output Clocks are use to drive Dynamic RAMs and are low
skew copies of the CPU Clocks. The voltage swing of the
SDRAMs output is controlled by the supply voltage that is applied
to VDD3 of the device, operates at 3.3 volts.
IOAPIC (0:1)
This Output is a fixed frequency Output Clock that runs at the
Reference Input (typically 14.31818MHz) . Its voltage level swing
is controlled by VDDL1 and may operate at 2.5 or 3.3volts.
REF0
The REF Output is a fixed frequency Clock that runs at the same
frequency as the Input Reference Clock X1 or the Crystal (typically
14.31818MHz) attached across X1 and X2.
PCICLK_F
This Output is equal to PCICLK(0:5) and is FREE RUNNING, and
will not be stopped by PCI_STP#.
PCICLK (0:5)
These Output Clocks generate all the PCI timing requirements for a
Pentium/Pro based system. They conform to the current PCI
specification. They run at 1/2 CPU frequency.
MODE
This Input pin is used to select the Input function of the I/O pins. An
active Low will place the I/O pins in the Input mode and enable those
stop clock functions.
PWR_DWN#
This is an asynchronous active Low Input pin used to Power Down
the device into a Low Power state by not removing the power supply.
The internal Clocks are disabled and the VCO and Crystal are
stopped. Powered Down will also place all the Outputs in a low state
at the end of their current cycle. The latency of Power Down will not
be greater than 3ms. The I
2
C inputs will be Tri-Stated and the device
will retain all programming information. This input pin only valid when
MODE=0 (Power Management Mode)
CPU_STOP#
This is a synchronous active Low Input pin used to stop the
CPUCLK clocks in an active low state. All other Clocks including
SDRAM clocks will continue to run while this function is enabled.
The CPUCLKs will have a turn ON latency of at least 3 CPU
clocks. This input pin only valid when MODE=0 (Power Management
Mode)
PCI_STOP#
This is a synchronous active Low Input pin used to stop the PCICLK
clocks in an active low state. It will not effect PCICLK_F nor any
other outputs. This input pin only valid when MODE=0 (Power
Management Mode)
2
C
I
The SDATA and SCLOCK Inputs are use to program the device.
The clock generator is a slave-receiver device in the I
It will allow read-back of the registers. See configuration map for
register functions. The I
2
C specification in Philips I2C Peripherals
2
C protocol.
Data Handbook (1996) should be followed.
OE
Output Enable tristates the outputs when held low. This pin will
override the I
when the OE is low regardless of the I
is high, the I
2
C Byte 0 function, so that the outputs will be tristated
2
C function is in active control.
2
C defined function. When OE
4
Page 5
General I2C serial interface information
A.For the clock generator to be addressed by an I
B.The clock generator is a slave/receiver I
C.The data transfer rate supported by this clock generator is 100K bits/sec (standard mode)
D.The input is operating at 3.3V logic levels.
E.The data byte format is 8 bit bytes.
F.To simplify the clock generator I
with an acknowledge bit between each byte.
Clock Generator
Address (7 bits)
A(6:0) & R/W#
D2
(H)
latches for verification. (set R/W# to 1 above). There is no BYTE count supported, so it does not meet the Intel SMB
PIIX4 protocol.
Clock Generator
Address (7 bits)
A(6:0) & R/W#
(H)
D3
must be accessed in sequential order from lowest to highest byte with the ability to stop after any complete byte has
been transferred. The Command code and Byte count shown above must be sent, but the data is ignored for those two
bytes. The data is loaded until a Stop sequence is issued.
ACK
ACK
+ 8 bits dummy
command code
2
C component. It can "read back "(in Philips I2C protocol) the data stored in the
Byte 0ACKByte 1ACK
2
C interface, the protocol is set to use only block writes from the controller. The bytes
2
C controller, the following address must be sent as a start sequence,
ACK
+ 8 bits dummy
Byte count
ACK
Then Byte 0, 1, 2, etc in
sequence until STOP.
Byte 0, 1, 2, etc in sequence until STOP.
ICS9148-11
G.In the power down mode (PWR_DWN# Low), the SDATA and SCLK pins are tristated and the internal data latches
H.At power-on, all registers are set to a default condition. See Byte 0 detail for default condition, Bytes 1 through 5 default
maintain all prior programming information.
to a 1 (Enabled output state)
Serial Configuration Command Bitmaps
Byte 0: Functional and Frequency Select Clock Register (Default=0)
BITPIN#DESCRIPTIONPWD
Bit 7-Reserved0
Bit 6-Must be 0 for normal operation0
-Must be 0 for normal operation0
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3-Reserved0
Bit 2-Reserved0
Bit 1
Bit 0
In Spread Spectrum, Controls type
(0=centered, 1=down spread)
-Must be 0 for normal operation0
In Spread Spectrum, Contro ls Spreading
(0=1.8%, 1=0.6%)
1. REF is a test clock on the X1 inputs during test mode.
Byte 1: CPU Clock Register
BITPIN#PWDDESCRIPTION
TCLK/4
Bit 7-1Reserved
Bit 6-1Reserved
Bit 5-1Reserved
Bit 4-1Reserved
Bit 3401CPUCLK3 (Act/Inact)
Bit 2411CPUCLK2 (Act/Inact)
Bit 1431CPUCLK1 (Act/Inact)
Bit 0441CPUCLK0 (Act/Inact)
Notes: 1 = Enabled; 0 = Disabled, outputs held low
OUTPUTS
SDRAMREFIOAPIC
1
TCLK/2
1
Byte 2: PCICLK Clock Register
TCLK
1
BITPIN# PWDDESCRIPTION
Bit 7-1Reserve d
Bit 671P CICLK_F (Act/Inact)
Bit 5151PCICLK5 (Act/Inact)
Bit 4131PCICLK4 (Act/Inact)
Bit 3121PCICLK3 (Act/Inact)
Bit 2111PCICLK2 (Act/Inact)
Bit 1101PCICLK1 (Act/Inact)
Bit 081PCICLK0 (Act/Inact)
Notes: 1 = Enabled; 0 = Disabled, outputs held low
TCLK
1
Byte 3: SDRAM Clock Register
BITPIN#PWDDESCRIPTION
Bit 7281
Bit 6291
Bit 5311
SDRAM7 (Act/Inact)
Desktop only
SDRAM6 (Act/Inact)
Desktop only
SDRAM5 (Act/Inact)
Desktop only
Bit 4321SDRAM4 (Ac t/Inact)
Bit 3341SDRAM3 (Ac t/Inact)
Bit 2351SDRAM2 (Ac t/Inact)
Bit 1371SDRAM1 (Ac t/Inact)
Bit 0381SDRAM0 (Ac t/Inact)
Notes: 1 = Enabled; 0 = Disabled, outputs held low
Note: PWD = Power-Up Default
Byte 4: SDRAM Clock Register
BITPIN# PWDDESCRIPTION
Bit 7-1Reserved
Bit 6-1Reserved
Bit 5-1Reserved
Bit 4-1Reserved
Bit 3171SDRAM11 (Act/In act)
Bit 2181SDRAM10 (Act/Inact)
Bit 1201SDRAM9 (Act/Inact)
Bit 0211SDRAM8 (Act/Inact)
Notes: 1 = Enabled; 0 = Disabled, outputs held low
6
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ICS9148-11
Byte 5: Peripheral Clock Register
BITPIN# PWDDESCRIPTION
Bit 7-1Reserved
Bit 6-1Reserved
Bit 5461IOAPIC1 (Act/Ina ct)
Bit 4471IOAPIC0 (Act/Ina ct)
Bit 3-1Reserved
Bit 2-1Reserved
Bit 1-1Reserved
Bit 021REF0(Act/Inact)
Notes: 1 = Enabled; 0 = Disabled, outputs held low
Note: PWD = Power-Up Default
Byte 6: Optional Register for Future
BITPIN# PWDDESCRIPTION
Bit 7-1Reserved
Bit 6-1Reserved
Bit 5-1Reserved
Bit 4-1Reserved
Bit 3-1Reserved
Bit 2
-1
Reserved
Bit 1-1Reserved
Bit 0-1Reserved
Notes:
1. Byte 6 is reserved by Integrated Circuit Systems for
future applications.
Full clock cycle timing is guaranteed at all times after the system has initially powered up except where noted. The first clock pulse coming out
of a stopped clock condition may be slightly distorted due to clock network charging circuitry. Board routing and signal loading may have a
large impact on the initial clock distortion also.
SDRAM,
REF,
IOAPICs
CrystalVCOs
ICS9148-11 Power Management Requirements
SIGNALSIGNAL STATE
CPU_ STOP#0 (Disabled)
1 (Enabled )
PCI_STOP#0 (Disabled)
1 (Enabled )
PWR_DWN#1 (Normal Operation)
0 (Power Down)
Notes.
1. Clock on latency is defined from when the clock enable goes active to when the first valid clock comes out of the device.
2. Clock off latency is defined from when the clock enable goes inactive to when the last clock is driven low out of the device.
3. Power up latency is when PD# goes inactive (high) to when the first valid clocks are output by the device.
4. Power down has controlled clock counts applicable to CPUCLK, SDRAM, PCICLK only.
The REF and IOAPIC will be stopped independant of these.
2
1
2
1
4
No. of rising edges of free
3
Latency
running PCICLK
1
1
1
1
3mS
2max
7
Page 8
ICS9148-11
CPU_STOP# Timing Diagram
CPUSTOP# is an asychronous input to the clock synthesizer. It is used to turn off the CPUCLKs for low power operation. CPU_STOP #
is synchronized by the ICS9148-11. The minimum that the CPUCLK is enabled (CPU_STOP# high pulse) is 100 CPUCLKs. All other clocks
will continue to run while the CPUCLKs are disabled. The CPUCLKs will always be stopped in a low state and start in such a manner that
guarantees the high pulse width is a full pulse. CPUCLK on latency is less than 4 CPUCLKs and CPUCLK off latency is less than 4 CPUCLKs.
Notes:
1. All timing is referenced to the internal CPUCLK.
2. CPU_STOP# is an asynchronous input and metastable conditions may exist. This signal is synchronized to the CPUCLKs inside
the ICS9148-11.
3. All other clocks continue to run undisturbed.
4. PD# and PCI_STOP# are shown in a high (true) state.
PCI_STOP# Timing Diagram
PCI_STOP# is an asynchronous input to the ICS9148-11. It is used to turn off the PCICLK (0:5) clocks for low power operation.
PCI_STOP# is synchronized by the ICS9148-11 internally. The minimum that the PCICLK (0:5) clocks are enabled (PCI_STOP# high pulse)
is at least 10 PCICLK (0:5) clocks. PCICLK (0:5) clocks are stopped in a low state and started with a full high pulse width guaranteed.
PCICLK (0:5) clock on latency cycles are only one rising PCICLK clock off latency is one PCICLK clock.
(Drawing shown on next page.)
8
Page 9
ICS9148-11
Notes:
1. All timing is referenced to the Internal CPUCLK (defined as inside the ICS9148 device.)
2. PCI_STOP# is an asynchronous input, and metastable conditions may exist. This signal is required to be synchronized
inside the ICS9148.
3. All other clocks continue to run undisturbed.
4. PD# and CPU_STOP# are shown in a high (true) state.
PD# Timing Diagram
The power down selection is used to put the part into a very low power state without turning off the power to the part. PD# is an asynchronous
active low input. This signal is synchronized internal by the ICS9148-11 prior to its control action of powering down the clock synthesizer.
Internal clocks will not be running after the device is put in power down state. When PD# is active (low) all clocks are driven to a low state
and held prior to turning off the VCOs and the Crystal oscillator. The power on latency is guaranteed to be less than 3 mS. The power down
latency is less than three CPUCLK cycles. PCI_STOP# and CPU_STOP# are dont care signals during the power down operations.
Notes:
1. All timing is referenced to the Internal CPUCLK (defined as inside the ICS9148 device).
2. PD# is an asynchronous input and metastable conditions may exist. This signal is synchronized inside the ICS9148.
3. The shaded sections on the VCO and the Crystal signals indicate an active clock is being generated.
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These ratings are stress
specifications only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of the
specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect product reliability.
Pattern Number (2 or 3 digit number for parts with ROM code patterns)
Package Type
F=SSOP
Device Type (consists of 3 or 4 digit numbers)
Prefix
ICS, AV = Standard Device
ICS reserves the right to make changes in the device data identified in this
publication without further notice. ICS advises its customers to obtain the latest
14
version of all device data to verify that any information being relied upon by the
customer is current and accurate.
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