IBM THINKPAD X20, THINKPAD X21, THINKPAD X22, THINKPAD X23, THINKPAD X24 Service and Troubleshooting Guide

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ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23,
X24 Hardware Maintenance
Manual

note

Before using this information and the product it
supports, be sure to read the general information
under Chapter 4, “Notices” on page 137

First Edition (March 2002)

The following paragraph does not apply to the United
Kingdom or any country where such provisions are
inconsistent with local law:

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION “AS IS” WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
LIMITED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states
do not allow disclaimer or express or implied warranties in
certain transactions; therefore, this statement may not
apply to you.

This publication could include technical inaccuracies or
typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the
information herein; these changes will be incorporated in
new editions of the publication. IBM may make
improvements or changes to the products or the programs
described in this publication at any time.

It is possible that this publication may contain references
to, or information about, IBM products (machines and
programs), programming, or services that are not
announced in your country. Such references or information
must not be construed to mean that IBM intends to
announce such IBM products, programming, or services in
your country.

Requests for technical information about IBM products
should be made to your IBM authorized dealer or your IBM
marketing representative.

© Copyright International Business Machines
Corporation 2001. All rights reserved. NotetoUS

Government Users — Documentation related to restricted
rights — Use, duplication, or disclosure is subject to
restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with
IBM Corp.

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction ..........1

Importantserviceinformation.........1

FRU replacement strategy ........1

Hard disk drive replacement strategy .....2

How to use error messages ........2

How to read POST error messages ......2

Safety notices: multilingual translations ......3

Safetyinformation............12

General safety ............12

Electricalsafety...........13

Safety inspection guide .........14

Handling electrostatic discharge-sensitive devices 15

Grounding requirements .........16

Laser compliance statement.........17

Laser radiation.............18

Chapter 2. General descriptions .......21

Read this first .............21

Relatedserviceinformation.........24

ServiceWebsite...........24

Product recovery program ........24

Using Recovery CD ..........25

Creating a Recovery Repair diskette .....26

Passwords .............26

Power management ..........28

Checkout guide ............32

Testing the computer ..........34

Detecting system information with PC-Doctor. . . 35

Power system checkout .........38

Chapter 3. ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24 . . . 39

Product overview ............42

Specifications ............42

Statusindicators...........45

Fn key combinations ..........47

Symptom-to-FRU index ..........48

Numeric error codes ..........48

Error messages ...........50

Beep symptoms ...........51

LCD-related symptoms .........52

Intermittentproblems..........52

Undetermined problems .........53

FRU replacement notices .........54

Screwnotices............54

Retaining serial numbers.........55

Removing and replacing a FRU........57

1010 Battery pack...........58

1020 DIMM ............59

1030 Backup battery ..........60

1040 Hard disk drive ..........61

iii

1050 Keyboard ...........63

1060 KBD Control Panel Assemble .....67

1070 Mini PCI adapter .........69

1080 CDC adapter ..........70

1090 BDC adapter ..........71

1100 Fan assembly ..........72

1110 Wirelesslan assembly for X22, X23, X24 . . 74

1120 LCD assembly ..........75

1130 Case Keyboard deck ........79

1140 Speaker ............82

1150 PC Card slot assembly .......84

1160IRDAPort...........85

1170 RJ11, RJ45 ...........87

1180 System board ..........89

1190 LCD USB cover..........91

1200 Front bezel ...........92

1210 LCD panel ...........93

Locations ..............98

Front view for X20, X21 .........98

FrontviewforX22 ..........98

Front view for X23, X24 .........99

Rear view for X20, X21 .........101

Rear view for X22, X23, X24 .......101

Bottomview............103

PartsList..............104

X20 series model matrix ........104

X21 series model matrix ........104

X22 series model matrix ........105

X23 series model matrix ........105

X24 series model matrix ........106

LCDFRU.............107

System .............112

Keyboard .............121

Base Cover FRU ..........122

Recovery CDs for X21 Series .......124

Recovery CDs for X22 Series .......126

Recovery CDs for X23 Series .......128

Recovery CDs for X24 Series .......129

Miscellaneous parts ..........131

OptionsFRUlist...........133

Common parts list (X20, X21, X22, X23, X24) 135

Chapter 4. Notices ...........137

Trademarks .............137

iv ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Chapter 1. Introduction

Important service information

Important

BIOS and device driver fixes are

customer-installable. The BIOS and device drivers

are posted on the IBM support site

http://www.ibm.com/pc/support/

®

Advise customers to contact the IBM

at 800-772-2227 if they need assistance in obtaining

or installing any diskette fixes.

HelpCenter

FRU replacement strategy

Before replacing parts

Ensure that all BIOS and device driver fixes are

installed before replacing any FRUs listed in this

manual.

Use the following strategy to prevent unnecessary FRU
replacement and service expense:

v If you are instructed to replace a FRU, but the

replacement does not correct the problem, reinstall
the original FRU before you continue.

v Some computers have both a processor board and a

system board. If you are instructed to replace either the
processor board or the system board, and the first board
that you replace does not correct the problem, reinstall
the original board, and then replace the other (processor
or system) board.

v If an adapter or device consists of more than one FRU,

any of the FRUs may be the cause of the error. Before
replacing the adapter or device, remove the FRUs, one
by one, to see if the symptoms change. Replace only
the FRU that changed the symptoms.

®

Attention

A customized setup configuration (other than default

settings) may exist on the computer you are

servicing. Running Automatic Configuration may

alter those settings. Note the current configuration

settings (using the View Configuration option); then,

when service has been completed, verify that the

settings are in place.

1

Hard disk drive replacement strategy

Always try to run a low-level format before replacing a hard
disk drive.

Attention

The drive startup sequence in the computer you are
servicing might have been changed. Be extremely
careful during write operations such as copying,
saving, or formatting. If you select an incorrect drive,
data or programs can be overwritten.

How to use error messages

Use the error codes displayed on the screen to diagnose
failures. If more than one error code is displayed, begin the
diagnosis with the first error code. Whatever causes the
first error code may also cause false error codes. If no
error code is displayed, see if the error symptom is listed
in the Symptom-to-FRU Index for the computer you are
servicing.

How to read POST error messages

POST error messages are displayed on the screen as
three, four, five, or eight digits. The error messages that
can be displayed as shorter POST messages are
highlighted in this index. Some digits have one meaning for
SCSI errors and a different meaning for non-SCSI errors.

The following example shows which digits display the
shorter POST error messages and also defines the SCSI
information in each digit of an eight-digit error message.

Shorter POST Messages

00000000

Reserved

Device Code

Logical Unit Number (SCSI)

ID (SCSI)

Size (SCSI)

Slot Number (SCSI)

Each SCSI device is assigned a unique SCSI ID. Duplicate
SCSI ID settings can generate a false error message. Use
the SCSI ID to determine whether an error message is
coming from an internal or an external device.

2 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Safety notices: multilingual translations

The following safety notices are provided in English,
French, German, Italian, and Spanish languages.

Safety Notice 1

Before the computer is powered-on after FRU

replacement, make sure all screws, springs, or other

small parts are in place and are not left loose inside

the computer. Verify this by shaking the computer

and listening for rattling sounds. Metallic parts or

metal flakes can cause electrical shorts.

Avant de remettre l’ordinateur sous tension après

remplacement d’une unité en clientèle, vérifiez que

tous les ressorts, vis et autres pièces sont bien en

place et bien fixées. Pour ce faire, secouez l’unité et

assurez-vous qu’aucun bruit suspect ne se produit.

Des pièces métalliques ou des copeaux de métal

pourraient causer un court-circuit.

Bevor nach einem FRU-Austausch der Computer

wieder angeschlossen wird, muβ sichergestellt

werden, daβ keine Schrauben, Federn oder andere

Kleinteile fehlen oder im Gehäuse vergessen

wurden. Der Computer muβ geschüttelt und auf

Klappergeräusche geprüft werden. Metallteile oder

-splitter können Kurzschlüsse erzeugen.

Prima di accendere l’elaboratore dopo che é stata

effettuata la sostituzione di una FRU, accertarsi che

tutte le viti, le molle e tutte le altri parti di piccole

dimensioni siano nella corretta posizione e non

siano sparse all’interno dell’elaboratore. Verificare

ciò scuotendo l’elaboratore e prestando attenzione

ad eventuali rumori; eventuali parti o pezzetti

metallici possono provocare cortocircuiti pericolosi.

Antes de encender el sistema despues de sustituir

una FRU, compruebe que todos los tornillos,

muelles y demás piezas pequeñas se encuentran

en su sitio y no se encuentran sueltas dentro del

sistema. Compruébelo agitando el sistema y

escuchando los posibles ruidos que provocarían.

Las piezas metálicas pueden causar cortocircuitos

eléctricos.

Chapter 1. Introduction 3

Safety Notice 2

Some standby batteries contain a small amount of
nickel and cadmium. Do not disassemble it,
recharge it, throw it into fire or water, or short-circuit
it. Dispose of the battery as required by local
ordinances or regulations. Use only the battery in
the appropriate parts listing. Use of an incorrect
battery can result in ignition or explosion of the
battery.

Certaines batteries de secours contiennent du nickel
et du cadmium. Ne les démontez pas, ne les
rechargez pas, ne les exposez ni au feu ni à l’eau.
Ne les mettez pas en court-circuit. Pour les mettre
au rebut, conformez-vous à la réglementation en
vigueur. Lorsque vous remplacez la pile de
sauvegarde ou celle de l’horloge temps réel, veillez
à n’utiliser que les modèles cités dans la liste de
pièces détachées adéquate. Une batterie ou une
pile inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou
d’exploser.

Die Bereitschaftsbatterie, die sich unter dem
Diskettenlaufwerk befindet, kann geringe Mengen
Nickel und Cadmium enthalten. Sie darf nur durch
die Verkaufsstelle oder den IBM Kundendienst
ausgetauscht werden. Sie darf nicht zerlegt,
wiederaufgeladen, kurzgeschlossen, oder Feuer
oder Wasser ausgesetzt werden. Die Batterie kann
schwere Verbrennungen oder Verätzungen
verursachen. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen
Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Beim
Ersetzen der Bereitschafts- oder Systembatterie nur
Batterien des Typs verwenden, der in der
Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist. Der Einsatz falscher
Batterien kann zu Entzündung oder Explosion
führen.

Alcune batterie di riserva contengono una piccola
quantità di nichel e cadmio. Non smontarle,
ricaricarle, gettarle nel fuoco o nell’acqua né
cortocircuitarle. Smaltirle secondo la normativa in
vigore (DPR 915/82, successive disposizioni e
disposizioni locali). Quando si sostituisce la batteria
dell’RTC (real time clock) o la batteria di supporto,
utilizzare soltanto i tipi inseriti nell’appropriato
Catalogo parti. L’impiego di una batteria non adatta
potrebbe determinare l’incendio o l’esplosione della
batteria stessa.

4 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Safety Notice 2

Algunas baterías de reserva contienen una pequeña

cantidad de níquel y cadmio. No las desmonte, ni

recargue, ni las eche al fuego o al agua ni las

cortocircuite. Deséchelas tal como dispone la

normativa local. Utilice sólo baterías que se

encuentren en la lista de piezas. La utilizaciónde

una batería no apropiada puede provocar la ignición

o explosión de la misma.

Chapter 1. Introduction 5

Safety Notice 3

The battery pack contains small amounts of nickel.
Do not disassemble it, throw it into fire or water, or
short-circuit it. Dispose of the battery pack as
required by local ordinances or regulations. Use
only the battery in the appropriate parts listing when
replacing the battery pack. Use of an incorrect
battery can result in ignition or explosion of the
battery.

La batterie contient du nickel. Ne la démontez pas,
ne l’exposez ni au feu ni à l’eau. Ne la mettez pas
en court-circuit. Pour la mettre au rebut,
conformez-vous à la réglementation en vigueur.
Lorsque vous remplacez la batterie, veillez à
n’utiliser que les modèles cités dans la liste de
pièces détachées adéquate. En effet, une batterie
inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou d’exploser.

Akkus enthalten geringe Mengen von Nickel. Sie
dürfen nicht zerlegt, wiederaufgeladen,
kurzgeschlossen, oder Feuer oder Wasser
ausgesetzt werden. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen
Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Beim
Ersetzen der Batterie nur Batterien des Typs
verwenden, der in der Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist.
Der Einsatz falscher Batterien kann zu Entzündung
oder Explosion führen.

La batteria contiene piccole quantità di nichel. Non
smontarla, gettarla nel fuoco o nell’acqua né
cortocircuitarla. Smaltirla secondo la normativa in
vigore (DPR 915/82, successive disposizioni e
disposizioni locali). Quando si sostituisce la batteria,
utilizzare soltanto i tipi inseriti nell’appropriato
Catalogo parti. L’impiego di una batteria non adatta
potrebbe determinare l’incendio o l’esplosione della
batteria stessa.

Las baterías contienen pequeñas cantidades de
níquel. No las desmonte, ni recargue, ni las eche al
fuego o al agua ni las cortocircuite. Deséchelas tal
como dispone la normativa local. Utilice sólo
baterías que se encuentren en la lista de piezas al
sustituir la batería. La utilización de una bateríano
apropiada puede provocar la ignición o explosiónde
la misma.

6 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Safety Notice 4

The lithium battery can cause a fire, explosion, or

severe burn. Do not recharge it, remove its

polarized connector, disassemble it, heat it above

100°C (212°F), incinerate it, or expose its cell

contents to water. Dispose of the battery as required

by local ordinances or regulations. Use only the

battery in the appropriate parts listing. Use of an

incorrect battery can result in ignition or explosion of

the battery.

La pile de sauvegarde contient du lithium. Elle

présente des risques d’incendie, d’explosion ou de

brûlures graves. Ne la rechargez pas, ne retirez pas

son connecteur polarisé et ne la démontez pas. Ne

l’exposez pas à une temperature supérieure à

100°C, ne la faites pas brûleretn’en exposez pas

le contenu à l’eau. Mettez la pile au rebut

conformément à la réglementation en vigueur. Une

pile inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou

d’exploser.

Die Systembatterie ist eine Lithiumbatterie. Sie kann

sich entzünden, explodieren oder schwere

Verbrennungen hervorrufen. Batterien dieses Typs

dürfen nicht aufgeladen, zerlegt, über 100 C erhitzt

oder verbrannt werden. Auch darf ihr Inhalt nicht mit

Wasser in Verbindung gebracht oder der zur

richtigen Polung angebrachte Verbindungsstecker

entfernt werden. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen

Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Beim

Ersetzen der Batterie nur Batterien des Typs

verwenden, der in der Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist.

Der Einsatz falscher Batterien kann zu Entzündung

oder Explosion führen.

La batteria di supporto e una batteria al litio e puo

incendiarsi, esplodere o procurare gravi ustioni.

Evitare di ricaricarla, smontarne il connettore

polarizzato, smontarla, riscaldarla ad una

temperatura superiore ai 100 gradi centigradi,

incendiarla o gettarla in acqua. Smaltirla secondo la

normativa in vigore (DPR 915/82, successive

disposizioni e disposizioni locali). L’impiego di una

batteria non adatta potrebbe determinare l’incendio

ol’esplosione della batteria stessa.

Chapter 1. Introduction 7

Safety Notice 4

La bateria de repuesto es una bateria de litio y
puede provocar incendios, explosiones o
quemaduras graves. No la recargue, ni quite el
conector polarizado, ni la desmonte, ni caliente por
encima de los 100°C (212°F), ni la incinere ni
exponga el contenido de sus celdas al agua.
Deséchela tal como dispone la normativa local.

8 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Safety Notice 5

If the LCD breaks and the fluid from inside the LCD

gets into your eyes or on your hands, immediately

wash the affected areas with water for at least 15

minutes. Seek medical care if any symptoms from

the fluid are present after washing.

Si le panneau d’affichage à cristaux liquides se

brise et que vous recevez dans les yeux ou sur les

mains une partie du fluide, rincez-les abondamment

pendant au moins quinze minutes. Consultez un

médecin si des symptômes persistent aprèsle

lavage.

Die Leuchtstoffröhre im LCD-Bildschirm enthält

Quecksilber. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen

Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Der

LCD-Bildschirm besteht aus Glas und kann

zerbrechen, wenn er unsachgemäβ behandelt wird

oder der Computer auf den Boden fällt. Wenn der

Bildschirm beschädigt ist und die darin befindliche

Flüssigkeit in Kontakt mit Haut und Augen gerät,

sollten die betroffenen Stellen mindestens 15

Minuten mit Wasser abgespült und bei

Beschwerden anschlieβend ein Arzt aufgesucht

werden.

Nel caso che caso l’LCD si dovesse rompere ed il

liquido in esso contenuto entrasse in contatto con gli

occhi o le mani, lavare immediatamente le parti

interessate con acqua corrente per almeno 15

minuti; poi consultare un medico se i sintomi

dovessero permanere.

Si la LCD se rompe y el fluido de su interior entra

en contacto con sus ojos o sus manos, lave

inmediatamente las áreas afectadas con agua

durante 15 minutos como mínimo. Obtenga atención

medica si se presenta algúnsíntoma del fluido

despues de lavarse.

Chapter 1. Introduction 9

Safety Notice 6

To avoid shock, do not remove the plastic cover that
surrounds the lower portion of the inverter card.

Afin d’éviter tout risque de choc électrique, ne
retirez pas le cache en plastique protégeant la
partie inférieure de la carte d’alimentation.

Aus Sicherheitsgründen die Kunststoffabdeckung,
die den unteren Teil der Spannungswandlerplatine
umgibt, nicht entfernen.

Per evitare scosse elettriche, non rimuovere la
copertura in plastica che avvolge la parte inferiore
della scheda invertitore.

Para evitar descargas, no quite la cubierta de
plástico que rodea la parte baja de la tarjeta
invertida.

Safety Notice 7

Though main batteries have low voltage, a shorted
or grounded battery can produce enough current to
burn combustible materials or personnel.

Bien que le voltage des batteries principales soit
peu élevé, le court-circuit ou la mise à la masse
d’une batterie peut produire suffisamment de
courant pour brûler des matériaux combustibles ou
causer des brûlures corporelles graves.

Obwohl Hauptbatterien eine niedrige Spannung
haben, können sie doch bei Kurzschluβ oder Erdung
genug Strom abgeben, um brennbare Materialien zu
entzünden oder Verletzungen bei Personen
hervorzurufen.

Sebbene le batterie di alimentazione siano a basso
voltaggio, una batteria in corto circuito o a massa
può fornire corrente sufficiente da bruciare materiali
combustibili o provocare ustioni ai tecnici di
manutenzione.

Aunque las baterías principales tienen un voltaje
bajo, una batería cortocircuitada o con contacto a
tierra puede producir la corriente suficiente como
para quemar material combustible o provocar
quemaduras en el personal.

10 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Safety Notice 8

Before removing any FRU, power-off the computer,

unplug all power cords from electrical outlets,

remove the battery pack, then disconnect any

interconnecting cables.

Avant de retirer une unité remplaçable en clientèle,

mettez le système hors tension, débranchez tous

les cordons d’alimentation des socles de prise de

courant, retirez la batterie et déconnectez tous les

cordons d’interface.

Die Stromzufuhr muβ abgeschaltet, alle Stromkabel

aus der Steckdose gezogen, der Akku entfernt und

alle Verbindungskabel abgenommen sein, bevor

eine FRU entfernt wird.

Prima di rimuovere qualsiasi FRU, spegnere il

sistema, scollegare dalle prese elettriche tutti i cavi

di alimentazione, rimuovere la batteria e poi

scollegare i cavi di interconnessione.

Antes de quitar una FRU, apague el sistema,

desenchufe todos los cables de las tomas de

corriente eléctrica, quite la batería y, a continuación,

desconecte cualquier cable de conexión entre

dispositivos.

Chapter 1. Introduction 11

Safety information

The following section contains the safety information that
you need to be familiar with before servicing an IBM
mobile computer.

General safety

Follow these rules to ensure general safety:

v Observe good housekeeping in the area of the

machines during and after maintenance.

v When lifting any heavy object:

1. Ensure you can stand safely without slipping.

2. Distribute the weight of the object equally between
your feet.

3. Use a slow lifting force. Never move suddenly or
twist when you attempt to lift.

4. Lift by standing or by pushing up with your leg
muscles; this action removes the strain from the
muscles in your back. Do not attempt to lift any

objects that weigh more than 16 kg (35 lb) or objects
that you think are too heavy for you.

v Do not perform any action that causes hazards, or that

makes the equipment unsafe.

v Before you start the machine, ensure that other service

representatives and the customer’s personnel are not in
a hazardous position.

v Place removed covers and other parts in a safe place,

away from all personnel, while you are servicing the
machine.

v Keep your toolcase away from walk areas so that other

people will not trip over it.

v Do not wear loose clothing that can be trapped in the

moving parts of a machine. Ensure that your sleeves
are fastened or rolled up above your elbows. If your hair
is long, fasten it.

v Insert the ends of your necktie or scarf inside clothing or

fasten it with a non-conductive clip, approximately 8
centimeters (3 inches) from the end.

v Do not wear jewelry, chains, metal-frame eyeglasses, or

metal fasteners for your clothing.
Attention: Metal objects are good electrical

conductors.

v Wear safety glasses when you are hammering, drilling,

soldering, cutting wire, attaching springs, using solvents,
or working in any other conditions that might be
hazardous to your eyes.

12 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

v After service, reinstall all safety shields, guards, labels,

and ground wires. Replace any safety device that is
worn or defective.

v Reinstall all covers correctly before returning the

machine to the customer.

Electrical safety

Observe the following rules when working on electrical
equipment.

Important

Use only approved tools and test equipment. Some
hand tools have handles covered with a soft
material that does not insulate you when working
with live electrical currents.

Many customers have, near their equipment, rubber
floor mats that contain small conductive fibers to
decrease electrostatic discharges. Do not use this
type of mat to protect yourself from electrical shock.

v Find the room emergency power-off (EPO) switch,

disconnecting switch, or electrical outlet. If an electrical
accident occurs, you can then operate the switch or
unplug the power cord quickly.

v Do not work alone under hazardous conditions or near

equipment that has hazardous voltages.

v Disconnect all power before:

– Performing a mechanical inspection

– Working near power supplies

– Removing or installing main units

v Before you start to work on the machine, unplug the

power cord. If you cannot unplug it, ask the customer to
power-off the wall box that supplies power to the
machine and to lock the wall box in the off position.

v If you need to work on a machine that has exposed

electrical circuits, observe the following precautions:

– Ensure that another person, familiar with the

power-off controls, is near you.
Attention: Another person must be there to switch

off the power, if necessary.

– Use only one hand when working with powered-on

electrical equipment; keep the other hand in your
pocket or behind your back.

Attention: An electrical shock can occur only when
there is a complete circuit. By observing the above
rule, you may prevent a current from passing through
your body.

Chapter 1. Introduction

13

– When using testers, set the controls correctly and

use the approved probe leads and accessories for
that tester.

– Stand on suitable rubber mats (obtained locally, if

necessary) to insulate you from grounds such as
metal floor strips and machine frames.

Observe the special safety precautions when you work
with very high voltages; these instructions are in the
safety sections of maintenance information. Use
extreme care when measuring high voltages.

v Regularly inspect and maintain your electrical hand tools

for safe operational condition.

v Do not use worn or broken tools and testers.

v Never assume that power has been disconnected from

a circuit. First, check that it has been powered off.

v Always look carefully for possible hazards in your work

area. Examples of these hazards are moist floors,
non-grounded power extension cables, power surges,
and missing safety grounds.

v Do not touch live electrical circuits with the reflective

surface of a plastic dental mirror. The surface is
conductive; such touching can cause personal injury and
machine damage.

v Do not service the following parts with the power on

when they are removed from their normal operating
places in a machine:

– Power supply units

– Pumps

– Blowers and fans

– Motor generators

and similar units. (This practice ensures correct
grounding of the units.)

v If an electrical accident occurs:

– Use caution; do not become a victim yourself.

– Switch off power.

– Send another person to get medical aid.

Safety inspection guide

The purpose of this inspection guide is to assist you in
identifying potentially unsafe conditions. As each machine
was designed and built, required safety items were
installed to protect users and service personnel from injury.
This guide addresses only those items. You should use
good judgment to identify potential safety hazards due to
attachment of non-IBM features or options not covered by
this inspection guide.

14 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

If any unsafe conditions are present, you must determine
how serious the apparent hazard could be and whether
you can continue without first correcting the problem.

Consider these conditions and the safety hazards they
present:

v Electrical hazards, especially primary power (primary

voltage on the frame can cause serious or fatal
electrical shock)

v Explosive hazards, such as a damaged CRT face or a

bulging capacitor

v Mechanical hazards, such as loose or missing hardware

The guide consists of a series of steps presented in a
checklist. Begin the checks with the power off, and the
power cord disconnected.

Checklist:

1. Check exterior covers for damage (loose, broken, or
sharp edges).

2. Power-off the computer. Disconnect the power cord.

3. Check the power cord for:

a. A third-wire ground connector in good condition.

Use a meter to measure third-wire ground
continuity for 0.1 ohm or less between the external
ground pin and frame ground.

b. The power cord should be the type specified in the

parts list.

c. Insulation must not be frayed or worn.

4. Remove the cover.

5. Check for any obvious non-IBM alterations. Use good
judgment as to the safety of any non-IBM alterations.

6. Check inside the unit for any obvious unsafe
conditions, such as metal filings, contamination, water
or other liquids, or signs of fire or smoke damage.

7. Check for worn, frayed, or pinched cables.

8. Check that the power-supply cover fasteners (screws
or rivets) have not been removed or tampered with.

Handling electrostatic discharge-sensitive devices

Any computer part containing transistors or integrated
circuits (ICs) should be considered sensitive to electrostatic
discharge (ESD). ESD damage can occur when there is a
difference in charge between objects. Protect against ESD
damage by equalizing the charge so that the machine, the
part, the work mat, and the person handling the part are all
at the same charge.

Chapter 1. Introduction

15

notes

1. Use product-specific ESD procedures when they
exceed the requirements noted here.

2. Make sure that the ESD protective devices you
use have been certified (ISO 9000) as fully
effective.

When handling ESD-sensitive parts:

v Keep the parts in protective packages until they are

inserted into the product. Avoid contact with other
people.

v Wear a grounded wrist strap against your skin to

eliminate static on your body.

v Prevent the part from touching your clothing. Most

clothing is insulative and retains a charge even when
you are wearing a wrist strap.

v Use the black side of a grounded work mat to provide a

static-free work surface. The mat is especially useful
when handling ESD-sensitive devices.

v Select a grounding system, such as those listed below,

to provide protection that meets the specific service
requirement.

note

The use of a grounding system is desirable but
not required to protect against ESD damage.

– Attach the ESD ground clip to any frame ground,

ground braid, or green-wire ground.

– Use an ESD common ground or reference point

when working on a double-insulated or
battery-operated system. You can use coax or
connector-outside shells on these systems.

– Use the round ground-prong of the AC plug on

AC-operated computers.

Grounding requirements

Electrical grounding of the computer is required for
operator safety and correct system function. Proper
grounding of the electrical outlet can be verified by a
certified electrician.

16 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Laser compliance statement

Some IBM Personal Computer models are equipped from
the factory with a CD-ROM drive. CD-ROM drives are also
sold separately as options. The CD-ROM drive is a laser
product. The CD-ROM drive is certified in the U.S. to
conform to the requirements of the Department of Health
and Human Services 21 Code of Federal Regulations
(DHHS 21 CFR) Subchapter J for Class 1 laser products.
Elsewhere, the drive is certified to conform to the
requirements of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) 825 and CENELEC EN 60 825 for
Class 1 laser products.

When a CD-ROM drive is installed, note the following:

Chapter 1. Introduction 17

CAUTION:

Use of controls or adjustments or performance of
procedures other than those specified herein might
result in hazardous radiation exposure.

O uso de controles, ajustes ou desempenho de
procedimentos diferentes daqueles aqui especificados
pode resultar em perigosa exposição à radiação.

Pour éviter tout risque d’exposition au rayon laser,
respectez les consignes de réglage et d’utilisation des
commandes, ainsi que les procédures décrites.

Werden Steuer- und Einstellelemente anders als hier
festgesetzt verwendet, kann gefährliche
Laserstrahlung auftreten.

L’utilizzo di controlli, regolazioni o l’esecuzione di
procedure diverse da quelle specificate possono
provocare l’esposizione a

El uso de controles o ajustes o la ejecución de
procedimientos distintos de los aquí especificados
puede provocar la exposición a radiaciones
peligrosas.

Laser radiation

Opening the CD-ROM drive could result in exposure to
hazardous laser radiation. There are no serviceable parts
inside the CD-ROM drive. Do not open.

18 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Some CD-ROM drives contain an embedded Class 3A or
Class 3B laser diode. Note the following.

Chapter 1. Introduction

19

DANGER

Laser radiation when open. Do not stare into the
beam, do not view directly with optical instruments,
and avoid direct exposure to the beam.

Radiação por raio laser ao abrir. Não olhe fixo no
feixe de luz, não olhe diretamente por meio de
instrumentos óticos e evite exposição direta com o
feixe de luz.

Rayonnement laser si carter ouvert. Évitez de fixer
le faisceau, de le regarder directement avec des
instruments optiques, ou de vous exposer au
rayon.

Laserstrahlung bei geöffnetem Gerät. Nicht direkt
oder über optische Instrumente in den Laserstrahl
sehen und den Strahlungsbereich meiden.

Kinyitáskor lézersugár!Nenézzen bele se szabad
szemmel, se optikai eszközökkel. Kerülje a
sugárnyalábbal valóérintkezést !

Aprendo l’unità vengono emesse radiazioni laser.
Non fissare il fascio, non guardarlo direttamente
con strumenti ottici e evitare l’esposizione diretta al
fascio.

Radiaciónláser al abrir. No mire fijamente ni
examine con instrumental óptico el haz de luz.
Evite la exposición directa al haz.

20 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Chapter 2. General descriptions

This chapter includes descriptions for any ThinkPad model
that has the PC-Doctor DOS diagnostics program. Some
descriptions might not apply to your particular computer.

Read this first

Before you go to the checkout guide, be sure to read this
section.

Important notes:
v Only certified trained personnel should service the

computer.

v Read the entire FRU removal and replacement page

before replacing any FRU.

v Use new nylon-coated screws when you replace

FRUs.

v Be extremely careful during such write operations

as copying, saving, or formatting. Drives in the

computer that you are servicing may have had their start
sequence altered. If you select an incorrect drive, data
or programs might be overwritten.

v Replace FRUs only for the correct model. When you

replace a FRU, make sure the model of the machine
and the FRU part number are correct by referring to the
FRU parts list.

v A FRU should not be replaced because of a single,

unreproducible failure. Single failures can occur for a

variety of reasons that have nothing to do with a
hardware defect, such as cosmic radiation, electrostatic
discharge, or software errors. Consider replacing a FRU
only when a problem reoccurs. If you suspect that a
FRU is defective, clear the error log and run the test
again. If the error does not recur, do not replace the
FRU.

v Be careful not to replace a nondefective FRU.

v Service applied by an unauthorized/trained Thinkpad

technician may potentially void your warranty

What to do first: When you do return a FRU, you must
include the following information in the parts exchange
form or parts return form that you attach to it:

1. Name and phone number of servicer

2. Date of service

3. Date on which the machine failed

4. Date of purchase

21

5. Failure symptoms, error codes appearing on the
display, and beep symptoms

6. Procedure index and page number in which the failing
FRU was detected

7. Failing FRU name and part number

8. Machine type, model number, and serial number

9. Customer’s name and address

Note for warranty: During the warranty period, the
customer may be responsible for repair costs if the
computer damage was caused by misuse, accident,
modification, unsuitable physical or operating environment,
or improper maintenance by the customer. The following
list provides some common items that are not covered
under warranty and some symptoms that might indicate
that the system was subjected to stress beyond normal
use.

Before checking problems with the computer, determine
whether the damage is covered under the warranty by
referring to the following:

The following are not covered under warranty:

v LCD panel cracked from the application of excessive

force or from being dropped

v Scratched (cosmetic) parts

v Cracked or broken plastic parts, broken latches, broken

pins, or broken connectors caused by excessive force

v Damage caused by liquid spilled into the system

v Damage caused by the improper insertion of a PC Card

or the installation of an incompatible card

v Damage caused by foreign material in the diskette drive

v Diskette drive damage caused by pressure on the

diskette drive cover or by the insertion of a diskette with
multiple labels

v Damaged or bent diskette eject button

v Fuses blown by attachment of a non-supported device

v Forgotten computer password (making the computer

unusable)

The following symptoms might indicate damage
caused by non-warranted activities:

v Missing parts might be a symptom of unauthorized

service or modification.

v If the spindle of a hard disk drive becomes noisy it may

have been subjected to excessive force or from being
dropped.

22 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

v I9990303 errors can be caused by exposure to strong

magnetic fields.

Chapter 2. General descriptions

23

Related service information

This section provides information about the following:

v Service Website

v Passwords

v Power management

Service Web site

The latest maintenance diskette is available at

http://www.pc.ibm.com/partner/infotips/

The latest system program service diskette is available at

http://www.pc.ibm.com/us/support/thinkpad/tpopsys.html
or athttp://www.pc.ibm.com/partner/infotips/

Product recovery program

Restoring the Pre-installed Software

To restore the pre-installed software, you can use either
the Product Recovery program or a Recovery CD. The
Product Recovery program is in a section of the hard disk
drive (the Service Partition) that is not displayed by
Windows Explorer. Use the Recovery CD if it was provided
with the computer.

Note: The recovery process might take up to 2 hours.

To use the Product Recovery program to restore the
pre-installed software, do the following:

1. Save all files and shut down the desktop.

2. Turn off the computer.

3. Turn on the computer. Quickly press F11 when this
message is displayed on the screen: ...“To start the

Product Recovery program, press F11”.....This

message is displayed for only a few seconds.

Note: If this message does not appear, you can use a

Recovery Repair diskette to get access to the
Product Recovery program. (see “Creating a
Recovery Repair diskette” on page 26 for
instructions for making the Recovery Repair
diskette)

4. From the list displayed on the screen, select the
operating system you want to recover.

5. Select the recovery options you want, and follow the
instructions on the screen.

24 ThinkPad X20, X21, X22, X23, X24

Using Recovery CD

To create Service Partition and install the preloaded
system from Recovery CD, do the following;

To create Service Partition [SP]:

1. Erase all partitions on the hard-disk drive using FDISK
or similar application.

2. Boot with Recovery CD (and boot diskette if required).

3. A menu will appear stating “Your computer originally

included a Product Recovery program ... Reinstall
the Product Recovery Program? (Y/N) [ ]”.

Note: If the hard-disk drive contains any partitions, you

will not receive this menu - go to step 1.

4. Enter “Y” and Service Partition will be created and
loaded with Product Recovery Program files.

Note: If you do not want to create Service Partition,

press “N”, and then go to the “Install preloaded
system from CD” procedure.

5. Press“ENTER„at next window to continue.

v Service Partition will be created. System will

automatically reboot during this process.

v Recovery process will copy some files to the Service

Partition, PKUNZIP others

v Follow prompts - you may be prompted to change

CDs.

v System will reboot. When completed, continue with

“Install preloaded system from CD” procedure to
install preloaded system.

Install preloaded system from CD:

1. Boot with Recovery CD (and boot diskette if required)

2. If the hard-disk drive is blank, a menu will appear
stating “Your computer originally included a

Product Recovery program ... Reinstall the Product
Recovery Program? (Y/N) [ ]”.

v To install Service Partition, go to step 4 of “To create

Service Partition [SP]” procedure.

v To preload hard-disk drive without installing Service

Partition, press “N”.

3. If a menu appears asking which operating system to
install, highlight proper operating system and press

“ENTER”.

4. A menu will appear stating “Full Recovery:”.Press
“ENTER” to select.

5. Enter “Y” at the three windows which follow.

6. Follow prompts to complete the Recovery Process.

Chapter 2. General descriptions

25