IBM SG24-4817-00 User Manual
IBM ATM Workgroup Solutions:
Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
December 1996
SG24-4817-00
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
IBML
International Technical Support Organization
IBM ATM Workgroup Solutions:
Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
December 1996
SG24-4817-00
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Take Note!
Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in
Appendix F, “Special Notices” on page 277.
First Edition (December 1996)
This edition applies to the ATM Workgroup Switch with microcode level 1.4.
Comments may be addressed to:
IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization
Dept. HZ8 Building 678
P.O. Box 12195
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2195
When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any
way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you.
Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1996. All rights reserved.
Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is
subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Contents
Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Tables
Preface
How This Redbook Is Organized
The Team That Wrote This Redbook
Comments Welcome
Chapter 1. Introduction to ATM Networks
1.1 ATM Fundamentals
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1.1.1 ATM Cells
1.1.2 ATM Connections
1.1.3 ATM Addressing
1.1.4 ATM Data Flows
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Chapter 2. Introduction to the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch
2.1 8285 Components
2.2 Bas e Unit
2.2.1 Internal Features
2.2.2 8285 Front Panel
2.2.3 155 Mbps ATM I/O Card
2.3 Expansion Unit (FC 5502)
2.3.1 Internal Features
2.3.2 Front Panel
2.4 Installable Modules
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Chapter 3. Functional Overview of the IBM 8285
3.1 IBM 8285 Architecture Overview
3.2 Switching Fabric
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3.2.1 Switching in the IBM 8285
3.2.2 Switching Scenarios
3.3 Control Point Codes
3.3.1 Control Point Levels
3.3.2 Control Point V1.2
3.3.3 Control Point V1.3
3.3.4 Control Point V1.4
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3.4 ATM Backplane / Expansion Unit Connection
3.5 LAN Emulation Server Functions
Chapter 4. IBM 8285 ATM Modules
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4.1 Modules Currently Available for the 8285 ATM Subsystem
4.2 Some Common Elements among the 8285 Modules
4.2.1 M a x i m um Capacity
4.2.2 Variable VPC/VCC Value Ranges
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4.3 ATM 12-Port 25 Mbps UTP Concentrator Module
4.3.1 Sample Scenarios
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4.4 ATM 2-Port 155 Mbps Flexible Media Module and ATM 3-Port 155 Mbps
LAN Concentration Module
4.4.1 D if ferences between the 2- and 3-Port ATM Modules
4.4.2 ATM 155 Mbps Media Module Traffic Management
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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 iii
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
4.4.3 Sample Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.5 ATM 4-Port 100 Mbps MIC Fiber Module and the ATM 4-Port 100 Mbps
SC Fiber Module
4.5.1 Sample Scenarios
4.6 Video Distribution Module
4.6.1 MPEG Fundamentals
4.6.2 Configuring the Video Distribution Module
4.6.3 Sample Scenarios
4.7 ATM 4-Port TR/Ethernet Bridge Module
4.7.2 Sample Configurations Using ATM TR/Ethernet Bridge Module
4.7.3 ATM TR/Ethernet Bridge Module and LAN Emulation
4.7.4 Association between IP and MAC Address
4.7.5 ATM TR/Ethernet Bridge Module Configuration Utility Program
4.7.6 Running and Stored Configuration Parameters
4.8 ATM WAN Module
4.8.1 A02 WAN ATM Physical Interface Supported
4.8.2 VPD Installation Considerations
4.8.3 Sample Scenario
4.9 LAN Switching Modules
4.9.1 Description
4.9.2 Sample Scenarios
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Chapter 5. 8285 ATM Network Specifications
5.1 ATM Connections
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5.1.1 Supported VPI and VCI Range
5.1.2 S upported Virtual Connection Types
5.1.3 Maximum Number of Connections Supported
5.1.4 How PVCs Are Supported
5.1.5 H ow t o Con fig ure PVCs
5.1.6 How PVPs Are Supported
5.1.7 H ow to Define PVPs
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5.1.8 How a VPI/VCI Is Allocated to SVCs
5.1.9 How Point-to-Multipoint Connections Are Supported
5.1.10 8285 LAN Emulation Specifications
5.2 Traffic Management
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5.2.1 Service Classes Supported by the IBM 8285 ATM Workgroup
Chapter 6. IBM 8285 Planning and Installing
6.1 Physical Planning
6.1.1 Packaging
6.1.2 Physical Specifications
6.1.3 ATM Ports and Cabling
6.1.4 Planning for Availability
6.2 Logical Planning
6.2.1 Capacity Planning
6.2.2 Standards Compliances
6.3 Install
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6.3.1 Physical Installation
6.3.2 8285 Console
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6.3.3 ATM Concentration Module Basic Configuration Process Steps
6.4 Microcode/Picocode Considerations
6.4.1 Reasons for Upgrading Microcode
6.4.2 Acquiring the Latest Microcode
6.4.3 Upgrading the Microcode
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iv ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Chapter 7. IBM 8285 Configuration ......................... 123
7.1 Configuring Classical IP
7.1.1 C lassical IP Parameters
7.1.2 Configuring a Simple CIP Network
7.1.3 Troubleshooting Your CIP Network
7.1.4 Configuring a Local Multi-Switch Network for CIP
7.2 Configuring LAN Emulation
7.2.1 8285 LAN Emulation Functions Overview
7.2.2 LAN Emulation Parameters
7.2.3 Configuring a Simple LANE Network
7.2.4 Troubleshooting Your LANE Network
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Chapter 8. IBM 8285 Management
8.1 Management Information Bases (MIBs)
8.2 IBM Nways Campus Manager ATM Overview
8.3 IBM Nways Campus Manager ATM for AIX
8.3.1 Overview
8.3.2 Prerequisites
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8.3.3 Using Nways Campus Manager ATM for AIX with IBM 8285
8.3.4 I BM 8285 Node Related Information
8.4 Nways Manager for Windows
8.4.1 Overview
8.4.2 Prerequisites
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8.4.3 Using Nways Manager for Windows with IBM 8285
Appendix A. 8285 ATM Control Point Commands
A.1 Command Line Interface
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A.1.1 How to Access the Command Line Interface
A.1.2 Access Mode
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A.1.3 How to Change Administrator and User Password
A.1.4 Resetting the Password to Factory Default
A.1.5 How to Change Terminal Settings
A.2 IBM 8285 ATM Command List
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Appendix B. Pinouts for Ports and Cables
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B.1 Pinouts for ATM25 and Other Common Network Connectors
B.2 Other Cabling Considerations
B.2.1 Converter Cables
B.2.2 Crossover Cables
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Appendix C. Part Numbers for Key Components
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Appendix D. Hints and Tips for the ATM 4-Port TR/Ethernet Bridge Module 183
Appendix E. IBM ATM Campus Switch Private MIBs
Appendix F. Special Notices
Appendix G. Related Publications
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G.1 International Technical Support Organization Publications
G.2 Redbooks on CD-ROMs
G.3 Other Publications
How To Get ITSO Redbooks
How IBM Employees Can Get ITSO Redbooks
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Contents v
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
How Customers Can Get ITSO Redbooks ..................... 282
IBM Redbook Order Form
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Glossary
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List of Abbreviations
Index
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vi ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Figures
1. ATM Addressing Format Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. ATM UNI/NNI Format Data Cells
3. ATM Call Establishment
4. ATM Classical IP using ARP Server
5. Front Panel of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch Base Unit
6. Front Panel of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch Expansion
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Unit
7. Inserting a Module in the Expansion Unit
8. Attaching the Expansion Interface Cable
9. Hardware Architecture of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch
Base Unit
10. Hardware Architecture of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch
Base and Expansion Unit
11. Internal Cell Format of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch
12. ATM 12-Port 25 Mbps UTP Concentrator Module Workgroup
13. 8285 Low-Cost Configuration Implementation
14. 8285 with ATM 12-Port 25 Mbps UTP Concentrator Modules as an
Access Switch
15. ATM 2-Port 155 Mbps Flexible Media Module High-Performance
Workgroup
16. ATM 3-Port 155 Mbps LAN Concentration Module with Redundant
Backbone Links
17. ATM 100 Mbps MIC/SC Fiber Module Workgroup Configuration
18. ATM 100 Mbps MIC/SC Fiber Module with Redundant ATM Backbone
Links
19. Typical MEPG-2 Picture Sequence Showing Picture Types
20. Video Distribution Module Workgroup Configuration
21. Video Distribution Module for Campus Video Distribution
22. Video Distribution Module with ATM WAN for Enterprise Video
Distribution
23. Local LAN to ATM Server Bridging
24. Local LAN Bridging and ATM Server Access
25. Campus LAN Interconnect and ATM Server Access
26. ATM TR/Ethernet Bridge Module Configuration Window
27. The ATM TR/Ethernet Bridge Module Service Port Connection
28. Windows Displayed by the ATM TR/Ethernet Bridge Module
Configurator
29. A Typical ATM WAN Module Configuration
30. Relieving Token-Ring Congestion with LAN Switching Module
31. Relieving Ethernet Congestion with LAN Switching Module
32. Sample PVC Configuration
33. Sample PVP Configuration
34. LAN Information Frame Location
35. Complex ATM Network Using ATM 8285
36. Logon Screen of the IBM 8285 Console
37. Sample Screen to Check the Physical Installation
38. Simple CIP Network - Physical View
39. Simple CIP Network - Logical View
40. Multi-Switch CIP Network - Physical View
41. Multi-Switch CIP Network - Logical View
42. A Simple LANE Network - Physical View
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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 vii
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43. A Simple LANE Network - Logical View ................... 136
44. The Console Screen of a Simple LANE Network Configuration
45. The Sample Console Screen to Check the Physical Connection
46. The Sample Console Screen to Check the LANE Registration
47. The Sample Console Screen to Check the LANE Registration
48. NetView for AIX Root Submap
49. ATM Campus Submap
50. ATM Campus Submap
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51. IBM 8285 ATM Node View - Star
52. IBM 8285 Node Profile Panel
53. IBM 8285 Node Configuration Panel
54. IBM 8285 Device View
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55. IBM 8285 Node Call Logging Panel
56. IBM 8285 Node LAN Emulation Panel
57. ELAN View
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58. Changing Administrator Password
59. Changing User Password
60. Changing the Terminal Baud Rate
61. Changing the Terminal Data Bits
62. Changing the Terminal Parity
63. Changing the Terminal Stop Bits
64. Changing the Terminal Prompt
65. Disabling the Terminal Auto Hangup
66. Changing the Terminal Timeout
67. Saving the Terminal Settings
68. Showing the Terminal Settings
69. Output from Show Terminal Command
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viii ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
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Tables
1. Control Point Levels Summary of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup
Switch
2. ATM Buses Implemented in the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup
Switch
3. ATM 155 Mbps Media Module Supported I/O Cards
4. Video Distribution Module Comparison of MPEG-2 and Motion-JPEG
5. VC Values by Port for VDM Module (VP=0)
6. ATM Physical Interface Support
7. A02 WAN I/O Card VPD Part Numbers
8. A Comparison of 8285 Token-Ring LAN Switch Modules
9. A Comparison of 8285 Ethernet LAN Switch Modules
10. Bandwidth Improvement with Token-Ring LAN Switch Module
11. Bandwidth Improvement with Ethernet LAN Switch Module
12. Supported Connection Type by the A-CPSW Module
13. LANE Information Field Lengths
14. Types of Traffic
15. Traffic Management Functions Support
16. Environmental Specifications of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup
Switch
17. Mechanical Specifications of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup
Switch
18. Power Supply Specifications of the 8285
19. Power Supply Specifications of Future 8285 Models
20. Power Budget of the 8285 Expansion Chassis
21. Connection Capacity of IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch
22. Transmit Delay (Latency per Port)
23. Bandwidth Capacity of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch
24. LES/BUS Capacity of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch
25. TRS Capacity of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch and IBM
8260 Nways Multiprotocol Switching Hub
26. References and Process Quick Guide
27. Filenames for System Upgrade Microcode (Release 1.0-1.2)
28. Filenames for System Upgrade Microcode (Release 1.3-1.4)
29. Filenames for Module Upgrade Microcode (Release 1.4)
30. Download Errors and Suggested Fixes
31. Swap Errors and Suggested Fixes
32. Necessary Parameters for 8285 #1
33. Necessary Parameters for 8285 #2
34. IX Status Messages and Causes
35. Address Assignment Rule for the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup
Switch LAN Emulation Components
36. Necessary Parameters for 8285#1
37. 8285 Configurations SET Commands Quick Reference List
38. IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch ATM Command List
39. RJ-45 Pin Assignments by Network Type
40. Pin Assignments for Converter Cable (P/N 10H3904)
41. Pin Assignments for Switch-to-Switch Crossover Cable
42. Spare Parts and Accessories
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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 ix
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
x ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Preface
This redbook provides a detailed overview of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM
Workgroup Switch, from both functional and operational viewpoints. It provides
everything you need to know to plan, implement, debug, manage, and maintain
an ATM network using the 8285 switch. It includes scripted and tested
configuration scenarios to simplify and expedite the initial implementation, and
debugging and tuning guidelines to optimize the ATM network. In addition, it
covers the very latest modules and features of the 8285/8260 family of ATM
switches, including the ATM WAN Module, and the Video Distribution Module.
This book is intended for all networking personnel involved in planning,
implementing, and/or maintaining an ATM network based on the IBM 8285
Nways ATM Workgroup Switch. A working knowledge of ATM is helpful but not
necessary.
How This Redbook Is Organized
This redbook contains 296 pages. It is organized as follows:
•
Chapter 1, “Introduction to ATM Networks”
This chapter provides an overview of ATM, LAN Emulation, and Classical IP
networks. This information provides a basis for understanding many of the
operational aspects of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch.
•
Chapter 2, “Introduction to the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch”
This chapter provides an overview of the major features of the IBM 8285
Base Unit and the IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis. T his information will
familiarize the reader with the overall layout and design of the 8285 switch
•
Chapter 3, “Functional Overview of the IBM 8285”
This chapter provides a detailed view of the functions of the 8285 switch and
how it performs them. Included are details about the internal architecture,
switching mechanisms (including an in-depth technical description of the
switching process), control point codes, and the capabilities of the integrated
Forum-Compliant LAN Emulation server.
•
Chapter 4, “IBM 8285 ATM Modules”
This chapter provides an overview of the many modules that can be installed
with the 8285 switch. These modules provide performance and flexibility,
and enable the 8285 switch to be used in a wide variety of network
configurations.
•
Chapter 5, “8285 ATM Network Specifications”
This chapter provides an overview of the ATM capabilities specific to the
8285 switch. The overview includes discussions of which ATM features are
supported, what the maximum system capabilities are, and how these
capabilities might be implemented.
•
Chapter 6, “IBM 8285 Planning and Installing”
Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 xi
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
This chapter provides an overview of the 8285 installation process. This
includes physical and logical planning information, as well as details about
the 8285 microcode and how to upgrade it.
•
Chapter 7, “IBM 8285 Configuration”
This chapter provides information on how to configure and troubleshoot a
network of 8285 switches. Both Classical IP ATM networks and LAN
Emulation ATM networks are discussed. Actual console samples are
included, where appropriate, to facilitate understanding.
•
Chapter 8, “IBM 8285 Management”
This chapter provides a discussion of how to manage an 8285 network using
either an ASCII console or an SNMP-based network management platform.
Various operational aspects are discussed as well.
•
Appendix A, “ 8285 ATM Control Point Commands”
This appendix provides an overview of the 8285 console, its functions, and its
supported commands.
•
Appendix B, “Pinouts for Ports and Cables”
This appendix provides pin-out diagrams for the ATM25 RJ-45 ports.
•
Appendix C, “Part Numbers for Key Components”
This appendix contains a list of components and part numbers.
•
Appendix D, “Hints and Tips for the ATM 4-Port TR/Ethernet Bridge Module”
This appendix contains information concerning the latest release of code for
the ATM 4-Port TR/Ethernet Bridge Module.
•
Appendix E, “ IBM ATM Campus Switch Private MIBs”
This appendix contains the latest version of the IBM campus ATM switch
private MIB.
The Team That Wrote This Redbook
This redbook was produced by a team of specialists from around the world
working for the Systems Management and Networking ITSO Center, Raleigh.
This project was designed and managed by Georges Tardy, LAN Campus
Specialist at the Systems Management and Networking ITSO Center, Raleigh,
working in La Gaude, France. He joined IBM in 1965, and was previously a
hardware development engineer of campus hub products at La Gaude
Laboratory, France.
The authors of this document are:
Marc Fleuette is a Senior Networking Technical Specialist from the IBM North
American Sales and Services organization. He has been with IBM for nine
years, in both marketing and technical positions, including two years as
Technical Internetworking Marketing Specialist. He currently provides pre-sales
technical support for IBM′s family of campus internetworking products, including
hubs, routers, and switches, for both ATM and traditional LANs. He has a B.S. in
Industrial Engineering and a B.A. in History/English, both from Lehigh University
in Bethlehem, PA, USA.
xii ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Tadashi Murayama is an Advisory Networking I/T Specialist in IBM Japan. He
has been with IBM Japan for 11 years in the Field Support Organization and has
been in charge of the networking products, such as the CCU/NCP and the LAN
products. He holds a degree in LL.B. from Gakusyuin University in Tokyo,
Japan. His areas of expertise include traditional SNA networking, legacy LAN
protocols (token-ring, Ethernet, FDDI), and campus ATM protocols and related
products.
Thanks to the following people for their invaluable contributions to this project:
Aroldo Yuji Yai
Systems Management and Networking ITSO Center, Raleigh.
Ange Aznar
IBM La Gaude
Our grateful acknowledgement for their contribution to this work by the following
IBM La Gaude Product Engineering people:
Benoit Panier
Michel Leblais
Pierre-Olivier Martin
Olivier Caillau
Bernard Putois
Jacques Baroghel
Eric Montagnon
Comments Welcome
We want our redbooks to be as helpful as possible. Should you have any
comments about this or other redbooks, please send us a note at the following
address:
redbook@vnet.ibm.com
Your comments are important to us!
Preface xiii
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
xiv ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Chapter 1. Introduction to ATM Networks
This book is designed to help you to get the most effective use of the IBM 8285
Nways ATM Workgroup Switch as you implement an ATM network. Before going
into further details about the 8285, however, it might be useful to review the
basics of ATM networking, addressing, and data flows.
1.1 ATM Fundamentals
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a high-performance network technology
that is rapidly becoming the standard for high-speed LAN and WAN networks,
both public and private. It combines the flexibility and resiliency of
connection-less protocols, such as TCP/IP, with the efficiency and manageability
of session-oriented protocols, such as SNA. This is because ATM uses small,
cells
fixed-size packets called
hop-by-hop along a pre-determined
avoid congestion or failures. Both of these concepts are discussed below.
which are transported across the network
virtual path
that can be quickly changed to
1.1.1 AT M Cells
ATM uses the concept of cells as its basic delivery vehicle. These cells are
similar to the packets (or frames) used in traditional networks, except for two
distinguishing features:
1. Fixed Cell Size
All ATM cells are 53-bytes long, of which 48 bytes are payload, and 5 bytes
are header information. This payload-size provides the best combination of
efficiency (favoring large payloads for data) and latency (favoring small
payloads for time-sensitive applications such as voice and video).
The header contains all the information necessary for the cell to enter the
network, to be carried to its next (intermediate) destination, and to identify
simple errors (single-bit) that might occur.
The most important thing about the fixed cell size, however, is that it enables
cells to be switched simply and efficiently, in hardware, without costly (in
time and money) large buffers.
2. Minimal Routing Information
ATM cells are connection-oriented, which means that they are not
responsible for identifying a destination or determining the best route. In
fact, the only routing information necessary is the current hop information
(which the next switch uses in its forwarding decision). And, since all cells
for a given session follow the same path, no provision is necessary for
out-of-sequence arrival. Thus, unlike traditional LAN packets, sequencing
numbers are not required, and addressing at the MAC and network layers is
eliminated (for native ATM applications). The result is more data, less
overhead, and simpler hardware-based switching
Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 1
1.1.2 A TM Connections
ATM, being session-oriented, requires that a path through the network be
determined and maintained for the duration of the session. This path is
comprised of
linked together to form a
connection), which are aggregated into
channel (VC), a virtual path can be a
connection) or a
importantly, a virtual path can be switched to a new route (to avoid congestion
or a failure) without affecting or individually processing the VCs it contains.
Connections through the network can be either fixed and pre-determined, or can
be defined dynamically through a signalling protocol. A pre-determined path,
defined by the network operator, is called a
while a dynamically determined temporary path is called a
connection
is adequate capacity in the network to meet the requisite end-to-end bandwidth
and Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, or if an existing connection can be
preempted to make it possible to meet bandwidth and QoS requirements.
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
virtual channel links
virtual channel connection
virtual path connection
(switch-to-switch connections), which are
(VCC) (end-to-end
virtual paths
virtual path link
(VPC) (end-to-end connection). More
permanent virtual connection
(VP). Just like a virtual
(switch-to-switch
(PVC),
switched virtual
(SVC). I n either case, a connection will be implemented only if there
1.1.3 AT M Addressing
Figure 1. ATM Addressing Format Cell
An ATM address consists of two parts: a 13-byte network prefix and a 7-byte
terminal identifier (consisting of a 6-byte
selector
can be found in
Guide
following addressing restrictions:
field). Further information on specific requirements for ATM addressing
IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch: Installation and User′s
and in ISO-8348 (CCITT X.213). O f specific relevance to us, are the
2 ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
end station identifier
(ESI), and a 1-byte
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
1. The network prefix must be unique and consistent within a given ATM
network. It is defined at each switch in the network and consists of an
11-byte network address and a 2-byte area identifier, which is further divided
in to a 1-byte
ATM Cluster Number
This results in a hierarchical network topology of:
a. An ATM network comprised of
b. ATM sub-networks (or clusters) comprised of
c. ATM hubs
In any given ATM network, all switches will have an ATM address with the
same first 11 bytes. In any given ATM cluster, all switches will have an
address with the same first 12 bytes, and every switch will have a unique
13-byte network prefix.
This hierarchical organization allows for very efficient topology calculation
and distribution, since updates can be localized to a given cluster, or, where
appropriate, to devices connected to an adjacent cluster or network.
2. The network prefix must begin with either 39 (corresponding to IEEE 802
(LAN) Format), 45 (corresponding to ITU-T (E.164) Format), or 47
(corresponding to OSI Format). Generally speaking, it doesn′t matter which
format you choose, however, specific bytes have specific significance in each
format, and, consequently, care should be taken in choosing a format,
especially if your ATM network will be connected to other ATM networks.
(ACN), and a 1-byte
Hub Number
(HN).
1.1.4 ATM Data Flows
Figure 2. ATM UNI/NNI Format Data Cells
Chapter 1. Introduction to ATM Networks 3
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Because ATM allows for dynamic registration of resources, signalling processes
have been established to provide for initial registration, connection setup, and
connection teardown, whether the connection is native ATM, ATM
Forum-Compliant LAN Emulation, or Classical IP (CIP).
1.1.4.1 Basic ATM Signalling
Figure 3. ATM Call Establishment
For an endstation to communicate in a switched environment such as ATM, it
must register with the network, request a connection when necessary, and clear
the connection when through. For native ATM endstations, this is done by the
following:
Initial Registration:
first register its full ATM address with its associated switch. This signalling
process is described in ATM UNI Specification 3.0 (based on ITU-T Q.93B
recommendations), or more recently, in ATM UNI Specification 3.1 (based on
ITU-T Q.2931 recommendations) and is performed when the endstation is
activated. During this process, the workstation receives its 13-byte network
prefix from the switch, appends its own local address (ESI plus selector), and
registers its complete ATM address with the switch.
Connection Setup:
endstation, it must first establish a connection to it. It does this by issuing a
SETUP request to the ATM network.
If the requested address is local, the switch acknowledges the request by issuing
a CALL PROCEEDING response to the requesting endstation and forwarding the
SETUP request to the requested endstation, which acknowledges receipt with a
CALL PROCEEDING response.
When an endstation wishes to enter the network, it must
When an endstation wishes to communicate with another
4 ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
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If the requested endstation is not local, the switch will forward the request to the
correct switch based on routing information compiled and maintained by the
8285 ATM Control Point′s Topology and Routing Services (TRS) subsystem. The
path will be selected based on the
between the end-points. This path information is appended to the setup request
and is used by intermediate switches to determine the next hop through the
network. There can be no more than 15 hops in any given path.
If the requested workstation is able to accept the incoming connection, it issues
a CONNECT response to the network, which forwards it back to the requesting
workstation, where it is acknowledged by issuing a CONNECT ACK response to
the network which forwards it to the destination endstation to complete the call
set-up process.
widest
path (not the
shortest
) available
Connection Tear-Down:
When an endstation wishes to end a connection, it
issues a DISCONNECT request to the network. The network acknowledges the
request by returning a RELEASE response (instructing the requesting endstation
to drop all resources associated with the call), and by forwarding the
DISCONNECT on to the destination workstation, which acknowledges the request
by returning a RELEASE command to the network. The process is completed
when the requesting endstation returns a RELEASE COMPLETE to the network,
which forwards it to the destination endstation, indicating that the call has been
dropped and the associated resources freed up.
1.1.4.2 ATM Forum-Compliant LAN Emulation (LANE)
LAN emulation simplifies a migration from a traditional LAN environment to an
ATM switched environment by superimposing LAN interfaces on top of the
underlying ATM transport and by supporting traditional LAN addressing (at the
media access control (MAC) layer) as well as broadcast and multicast
capabilities. This means that LAN-based applications run unchanged, yet now
have access to to the network and to network-attached resources at scalable
speeds from 25 Mbps to 155 Mbps and beyond.
The signalling process used by LANE is analogous to that for basic ATM
signalling, except that instead of a control point providing directory services,
there is now a LAN Emulation Server (LES) which provides directory services at
the MAC layer (which provides MAC address to ATM address mapping) for LAN
Emulation Clients (LECs). The 8285 ATM Control Point has two LES entities,
which together can handle 128 clients, distributed between two Ethernet or
token-ring ELANs. Either of the 8285 ATM Control Point′s two LECs can use
these internal LESs or can be configured to use an external LES, such as the
IBM Multiprotocol Switched Services Server, providing for greater flexibility, for
larger ELANs, and for inter-ELAN routing and bridging.
Emulating a traditional LAN environment requires the ability to allow for
broadcast traffic (common in a connectionless environment), while handling it in
a fashion optimized for a connection-oriented environment. This function is
addressed by the Broadcast/Unknown address Server (BUS), which attempts,
with the LES, to convert MAC broadcast traffic to a specific ATM destination
address. The 8285 ATM Control Point integrates this BUS function with the
internal LES function. Either of the 8285 ATM Control Point′s two LE clients can
also be configured to use an external BUS, such as the IBM Multiprotocol
Switched Services Server, providing for very sophisticated broadcast
management, especially in IP and IPX environments.
Chapter 1. Introduction to ATM Networks 5
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
To avoid having to configure the LES′s address at each endstation, LANE
provides for a Lan Emulation Configuration Server (LECS), which LECs can query
for their proper LES address. This enables backup LESs to be configured, since
should the primary LES fail, the LECS merely has to direct connections to a
backup LES without having to change any configuration in the workstation.
Although the 8285 ATM Control Point does not contain an LECS, either or both of
the internal LECs can be configured to use an external LECS, such as that
provided by the IBM Multiprotocol Switched Services Server.
This section was intended only as an overview of LANE. For a more detailed
description of these functions, please see
SG24-5003 and
Overview
ATM Campus Introduction, Planning, and Troubleshooting
, GA27-4089.
IBM 8260 As a Campus ATM Switch
,
1.1.4.3 Classical IP (CIP)
Figure 4. ATM Classical IP using ARP Server
Classical IP (RFC 1577) is a protocol-specific VLAN (PVLAN) technology that has
been widely adopted in the Internet working community. It provides for layer 3
routing of IP datagrams over an ATM network. In many ways, it is analogous to
LANE. For instance, all endstations must register with an address resolution
server (called a LES in LANE, but an
in CIP). Once the endstation is registered with the address resolution server, it
is, by definition, part of a virtual broadcast domain (an ELAN in LANE
terminology, but a VLAN in CIP, known as a
ATM Control Point has a single CIP client entity.
Here are the CIP data flows:
6 ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Server
Logical IP Subnet
(LIS)). The 8285
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
CIP Address Registration:
Because in CIP there is no function analogous to the
LECS in LANE, each endstation must be configured with the ATM address of its
ARP server. The ARP client establishes a connection to the ARP server, and
notifies it of its IP address and its ATM address. The ARP server adds these to
its ARP table, so that it can respond properly to other ARP requests.
CIP Address Resolution:
When a CIP client wishes to establish IP
communication with another IP device, it issues an ARP to the ARP server to
determine the ATM address of the other device. If the ARP server has an entry
that matches the IP address of the requested device, it returns the ATM address
of that device to the requesting endstation, which caches it in its own ARP table.
If however, the ARP server doesn′t have the IP address in its ARP table, it
returns an ARP_FAILURE to the requesting client. The client now forwards the
unresolvable address to its default gateway for further handling. If the gateway
can resolve the address, it returns its IP and ATM addresses to the client to be
cached. If the gateway cannot resolve the address, it returns an ARP_FAILURE
to the client and the address resolution process terminates.
CIP Data Forwarding:
When a device wishes to forward data to another CIP
device, it must first check to see if it knows the other device′s ATM address (that
is, its ARP table contains an entry for the desired destination device). If so, it
merely establishes a direct connection with the other device, and forwards data
to it. If not, it must first resolve the address (see “CIP Address Resolution”
above), then setup a connection, and then forward data directly.
A more complete discussion of Classical IP can be found in
Campus ATM Switch
, SG24-5003 and
Troubleshooting Overview
, GA27-4089.
ATM Campus Introduction, Planning, and
IBM 8260 As a
Chapter 1. Introduction to ATM Networks 7
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
8 ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Chapter 2. Introduction to the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch
The IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch (hereafter called the 8285 switch) is
an ATM switch for the workgroup environment that provides a low-cost ATM
solution as either a stand-alone switch or as an access node to the rest of the
enterprise. Using your existing wiring it provides up to 25 Mbps of bandwidth to
users. The 8285 switch can connect users to any ATM network at speeds up to
155 Mbps, and even has forum-compliant LAN emulation built-in to make
implementation easier.
In addition, the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch is expandable, using the
optional 8285 expansion chassis which enables it to take advantage of most of
the many ATM modules available for the IBM 8260 Nways Multiprotocol
Switching Hub. This provides you with ability to:
•
Create even larger workgroups
•
Service more high-speed devices (such as servers)
•
Provide more bandwidth in to your ATM backbone network
•
Connect existing token-ring or Ethernet users directly to the ATM backbone
•
Connect to remote sites using public ATM services at speeds from 34 Mbps
up to 155 Mbps
•
Distribute video information across your ATM network and make it
accessible using standard TV monitors
The following sections provide an overview of the 8285 switch.
2.1 8285 Components
The 8285 switch is comprised of the following components:
•
Standard:
− Base Unit:
•
Optional:
− 155 Mbps ATM I/O Card which can be installed in the IBM 8285 Base
− Expansion Unit
− Installable 8285/8260 ATM Modules
- 12 ATM 25.6 Mbps ports
- I/O slot for optional uplink (see below)
Unit:
- Multi-mode Fiber (MMF)
- Single-mode Fiber (SMF)
Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 9
2.2 Base Unit
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
Note
Although there are two models of the 8285 switch, the 8285-00B and the
8285-00P, they are identical except that the latter includes 12 workstation
adapters, providing a total solution at a special bundled price.
The base unit is comprised of the following:
•
Internal Features:
− An ATM cell switching function
− A switch control function, called the 8285 ATM Control Point
•
Front Panel Features:
− Ports:
- 12 ATM ports that support ATM 25.6 Mbps operation over standard
copper wiring
− LEDs:
− Connectors:
2.2.1 Internal Features
The IBM 8285 Base Unit contains a planar which controls the 8285 switch and its
external interfaces.
2.2.1.1 ATM Cell Switching in the IBM 8285 Base Unit
The ATM switching mechanism installed in the base only switches ATM cells
between ports in the base unit. This is accomplished by basically taking what
would normally be the backplane output and connecting it directly to what would
normally be the backplane input.
When an IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis is connected to the IBM 8285 Base Unit,
however, this connection is disabled, and the traffic from the IBM 8285 Base Unit
uses the switch-on-a-chip that is incorporated in the IBM 8285 Expansion
Chassis.
- A slot for an optional high-speed uplink to provide 155 Mbps access
to either a server or to an ATM backbone
- System Status
- Port Status
- A connector to connect the optional expansion unit
- A connector to connect a standard ASCII console
2.2.1.2 8285 ATM Control Point
The 8285 ATM Control Point is integrated in the base unit and provides the
following functions:
•
Manages the functions of the IBM 8285 Base Unit as well as the optional
8285 Expansion Chassis and its inserted modules.
10 ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
•
Controls the ATM cell switching between appropriate ports and performs the
functions associated with the establishment and management of ATM
circuits.
•
Provides a management interface (via an SNMP manager or an
ASCII/TELNET terminal) for monitoring, configuration, and microcode
distribution.
•
Provides an Forum-Compliant LAN Emulation implementation which
supports:
− Integrated LAN Emulation Server (LES)/Broadcast and Unknown Server
(BUS)
There are two instances of the LES/BUS in the 8285 ATM Control Point,
allowing up to two Emulated LANs (ELANs), either token-ring or Ethernet,
to be configure.
− Integrated LAN Emulation Client (LEC)
There are two instances of the LEC configurable in the 8285 ATM Control
Point, allowing the 8285 ATM Control Point to be accessible from up to
two ELANs, either token-ring or Ethernet.
− LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS)
2.2.2 8285 Front Panel
Figure 5 shows the front panel of the IBM 8285 base unit.
Although the LECS function is not integrated in to the 8285 ATM Control
Point, support is provided for using an external LECS by using its
well-known address, or by getting its ATM address through the ILMI
protocol.
Figure 5. Front Panel of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch Base Unit
As found in the Figure 5, there are ports, LEDs, connectors and a button that the
user can access from the front panel.
Chapter 2. Introduction to the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch 11
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
2.2.2.1 Ports
The IBM 8285 Base Unit has the following ATM ports:
•
12 ATM25 Ports
− Fully compliant with the
ATM Forum Physical Interface Specification for
25.6 Mbps over Twisted Pair Cable
− Use standard RJ-45 connectors
− Support standard twisted pair cabling, either shielded or unshielded
•
1 ATM155 Port (Optional):
This port is further described in 2.2.3, “155 Mbps ATM I/O Card” on page 13.
2.2.2.2 LEDs
The front panel has LEDs for two purposes:
1. Port LEDs:
•
Port Enable
•
Output Activity
2. Switch Status LEDs:
•
Power
•
OK
•
Fault
2.2.2.3 Connectors
The front panel has four connectors:
•
Power Input
The power input connector matches the country-specific power cord that is
shipped with the base unit. The power supply itself is an auto-sensing
universal power supply.
•
Console Port
The console port is a standard RS-232 25-pin D-shell male interface for
connecting either an ASCII console or a modem in order to perform the
initial configuration.
•
Expansion Connector
The expansion connector is a 68-pin female connector used to attach the IBM
8285 Expansion Chassis using an expansion interface cable shipped with the
IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis shipping group.
•
Advanced Diagnostics Connector
The advanced diagnostics connector is a 9-pin connector used only by
authorized service personnel for advanced diagnostics. This connector is
not needed in any case to install and configure the 8285 switch.
12 ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
2.2.2.4 Reset Button
The reset button resets both the IBM 8285 Base Unit and the optional IBM 8285
Expansion Chassis with its inserted modules.
For more information about the LEDs, the connectors, and the reset button, refer
IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch: Installation and User′s Guide
to the
SA33-0381.
2.2.3 155 Mbps ATM I/O Card
The 155 Mbps ATM I/O Card is an optional card installable in the 155 Mbps
Feature I/O Card Slot of the base unit. There are two types of 155 Mbps ATM I/O
Cards available, Multimode Fiber (FC 5500) and Single-Mode Fiber (FC 5501). It
becomes the 13th port of base unit and can be linked to an ATM station or to
another ATM switch that supports ATM 155, such as another 8285 switch or an
8260 hub.
2.2.3.1 Connectors
Both I/O cards have SC connectors.
2.2.3.2 LEDs
The 155 Mbps ATM I/O Card has the following LEDs:
•
Status
•
Output Activity
•
Error
,
2.3 Expansion Unit (FC 5502)
The 8285 Expansion Chassis provides three slots to receive IBM 8260/8285 ATM
modules, extending the 8285 switch′s functions and capacities.
The IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis consists of the following:
•
Internal Features:
− An ATM backplane that is similar to the one used in the 8260 hub.
− A planar containing a switch-on-a-chip, which connects the base unit
ATM ports to each other and to other ATM modules in the IBM 8285
Expansion Chassis.
•
External Features:
− Slots
− Connectors
− LEDs
− A rack-mountable chassis with an integrated, auto-sensing universal
power supply
Chapter 2. Introduction to the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch 13
2.3.1 Internal Features
The IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis has two primary internal features.
2.3.1.1 ATM Backplane
The IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis contains an ATM backplane that is effectively a
three-slot version of the 8260 hub′s ATM backplane. That is to say, it is a
completely passive backplane with female connectors. It is capable of
supporting most 8260 hub ATM modules.
Note
However, there are some differences between the ATM backplanes of the
IBM 8285 and IBM 8260. Specifically, the IBM 8260 ATM Control Point and
Switch Module cannot be used in the IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis. For more
information, refer to Chapter 3, “Functional Overview of the IBM 8285” on
page 17.
2.3.1.2 ATM P lanar
The IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis contains a planar which has a switch-on-a-chip
switching module. When connected to the IBM 8285 Base Unit with the
expansion interface cable, the switch-on-a-chip performs all the port-to-port cell
switching:
•
Between ports in the IBM 8285 Base Unit
•
Between ports in the IBM 8285 Base Unit and ATM modules in the IBM 8285
Expansion Chassis
•
Between ports on ATM modules in the IBM 8285 Expansion Chassis
This soft copy for use by IBM employees only.
2.3.2 Front Panel
Figure 6 shows the front panel of the IBM 8285 expansion unit.
Figure 6. Front Panel of the IBM 8285 Nways ATM Workgroup Switch Expansion Unit
14 ATM Workgroup Solutions: Implementing the 8285 ATM Switch
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