IBM ATM OC-3c User Manual

Download

8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module

User’s Guide

Department CGF

Design & Information Devel opment

IBM Corp ora tion

PO Box 12195

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC 27709

Before using this informa tion an d the prod uct it sup ports, b e sure

to read the general information under AppendixA,“Safety Infor-

mation” and Appendix F, “Notices, Trademarks, and Warranties”.

First Edition (October 1997)

This ed itio n ap plie s to the IBM 82 71 Nw ays E th ern et L AN Swi tch ATM

3C-Oc Module with agent software version 1.05 and IBM 8271 Nways

Ethernet LAN Switch Models 524, 612, 624, 712 with agent software

version 3.1.

Order pu blic ation s t hroug h yo ur I BM rep rese ntat ive or the IBM bra nch

office serving your locality. Publications are not stocked at the address

given be low.

If you have any comments on this publication, please address them to:

U.S.A.

When yo u send in form atio n to IB M, you grant IBM a no n- exclu siv e righ t to

use or distribute th e infor mation in an y w ay it believe s app ropriate with out

incurri ng an y ob li gatio n t o you .

Note to US Governme nt Users — Do cumentation released to restri cted

rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is su bject to restrictions set forth in

GSA ADP Schedule Contrac t with IBM Corp oration.

ONTENTS

BOUT THIS GUIDE

Introduction 1 Terminology 1

AT M Te rminology 1 Finding Information in This Guide 2 Conventions 2 Related Documentation 3

EATURES AND BENEFITS

ATM Benefits 1-1 ATM Module Features 1-2

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

The Layered Network Architecture 2-1 Upper Layer Protocols 2-2 What is LAN Emulation (LANE)? 2-2

LAN Emulation Components 2-3

LAN Emulation Client (LEC) 2-3 LAN Emulation Server (LES) 2-3 Broadcast and Unknown Server (B US) 2-3 LAN Emulation Conf iguration Server (LECS) 2-3

LAN Emulation Components in Your Network 2-4

LAN Emulation and IBM Dev ices 2-4

Joining th e ELAN 2- 5

Locating the LECS 2-5

Mapping Ethernet and ATM Addresses 2-6

Address Resolution 2-6 LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE_ARP)

2-7 What Happens to Unic ast Frames? 2-7 What Happens to Broadcast and Mult icast Frames? 2-7

AT M Adap tat ion Layer (AAL) 2-8 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer 2-8

ATM is Cell-based 2-8 ATM is Service Tran sparent 2-9 AT M is Connection-oriented 2-9

Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs) 2-12 Permanent Virtua l Ci rcuits (PVCs) 2-12

ATM Interfaces 2-12

Interim Local Management Interfa ce (ILMI) 2-13 ATM Address Registration 2-13

The ATM Layer and Cell Structure 2-1 4

Physical Layer 2-15

SONET STS-3c 2-15 SDH STM-1 2-15

IRTUAL

What is a Virtual LAN (VLAN) ? 3-1 Creating Inter-switch VLANs 3-1 Extending VLANs into the A TM Network 3- 2

LAN C

ONCEPTS

UTTING YOUR

Planning Your Network 4-1 ATM Configuration Rules 4-2 Extending VLANs Through the A TM Network 4-2 ATM Connections Within Your Net w ork 4-3

ETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES

ATM Backbone in the Buil d ing 5-1 Campus Configuration 5-2 Making a Building Resilient to Network Failure 5-4

NSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE

Following Safety Informati on 6-1 Device Support 6-3 Pre-installation Procedure 6-3

Check the Power Supply 6-3

Installa tion 6-4

Connecting a cable to the ATM Port 6-5 Powering Up the Swit ch 6-5

Power On Self Test (PO S T) 6-5

Post-Installation Checks 6-5

LED Summary 6-6 Checking the Power Supply 6-7 Checking that the AT M Modul e is Installed Correctly 6-7 Checking the Physical Connecti ons 6-7

CCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES

Screen M a p 7 - 1 Keyboard Shortcuts 7-1 Correcting Text Entry 7-1

ATM N

ETWORK TOGETHER

Logging On 7-3 Logging Off 7-4

Automatic Logout 7-4

ANAGING THE

Configuring an ATM Port 8-2 Extending VLANs into the A TM Network 8- 4

Displaying all VLANs 8-5 ATM Port Setup 8-6 Mapping Far End MAC Addresses 8-8

Creating a MAC Address to ATM Entry 8-9

Finding an Address Entry 8-10

Updating Address Entries 8-10

Deleting an Address Entry 8-10 Displaying an ATM Connection 8-10

Finding an ATM Connection 8-11

Updating Address Entries 8-11 Setting Up Resilient Links 8-11 Upgrading Software 8-12

Error Messages 8-13

Status Messages 8-14

ONITORING THE

Statistics Overview 9-2 ATM Port Statistics 9-3 AT M VLAN LEC Stat us 9-5 ATM Physical Layer Statistics 9-10

Using Physical Layer Statistics to T roubleshoot 9-12

ATM M

ODULE

AFETY INFORMATION

Safety Notices A-1

World Trade Safety Information A-1

CREEN ACCESS RIGHTS

ATM M

Environm ental Specifications C-1 ATM Cable Specification C-1

ROUBLESHOOTING

How to Use this Guide to Troublesho ot D-1 Using LEDs D-2 Identifying the Problem D-3

Solving Known Problems D-17

Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors D-24

ECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICE

Electronic Support E-1

Voice Support E-1

ODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Does the Cable Provide Sufficient Bandwidth? C-2

ELAN Configuration Problems D-15

Power Supply Problems D-18 Power On Self Test (POST) Failure D-19 Cable Connection Problems D-20 ATM Problems D-21 VLAN or ELAN Problems D-22

WWW E-1 FTP E-1 IBM Bulletin Board System E-1

OTICES

T rademarks F-1 Statement of Limited Warranty F-2

Production Status F-2 The IBM Wa rranty for Machines F-2 Warranty Servic e F-3 Exten t of Warr a nt y F -3 Limitation of Liability F-4

Electronic Emission Notices F-5

Federal Communications Commissi on (FCC) Statement

Canadian Department of Comm unications (DOC)

Avis de conformite aux normes du ministere des

European Union (EU) Statement F-6 Japanese Voluntary Control Council for Interference

Korean Communications Statement F-7 Information To The User F-7

LOSSARY

IBLIOGRAPHY

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 1 LAN Emulation (LANE) 1

NDEX

RADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES

, T

F-5

Compliance Statement F-5

Communicatio ns du Canada F-5

(VCCI) Statement Class B F-7

BOUT

HIS

UIDE

Introduction

This guide provides the information that you need to install and configure the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module (agent softwar e version 1.05) within an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN switch which has version 3.1 agent software installed.

This guide is intended for use by network administrators who are responsible for installing and setting up networking equipment. It assumes a basic working knowledge of Local Area Networks.

This guide exp lain s Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and LAN Emulatio n (LA NE) concepts, and provides a Bibliography for further reading.

The Release Notes shipped with the ATM Module may contain information that updates or overrides information in this guide. You should always follow the informa t ion in t he Release Notes if it is dif f e rent from the information given in this guide.

Terminology

In this User’ s Guide the term ATM Module is used when referring to the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module.

The device into which the ATM Module is fitted, is known simply as the Switch. An example of a Switch is the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 624.

This type of Switch is often referred to as an edge-device, edge-switch or boundary switch.

The term ATM S wi tch is used to identify the A TM device to which the edge-switch is connected.

Switches in IBM’s 8271 Nways Ether ne t LAN Switc h device range provide support for the ATM Module.

ATM Terminology

This user guide uses the term Network-To-Network Interface (NNI). You may know this protocol by its

alternative name, Network-to-Node Interface (NNI). Additional ATM definitions can be found in the Glossary at the end of this guide.

2 A

BOUT THIS GUIDE

Finding Information in This Guide

The following table shows you where to find specific information within this guide.

Task Location

Learning concepts

Planning your network

Upgrading Software

Installing the A T M Module

Accessing screens Chapter 7, ‘Accessing Management Features”

Managing the ATM Module

Monitoring the ATM Module

Troubleshooting Appendix D, ‘Troubleshooting” Getting Technical

Support Identifying terms ‘Glossary” Further reading ‘Bibliography”

Chapter 1, ‘Features and Benefits” Chapter 2, ‘Network Layer Concepts” Chapter 3, ‘Virtual LAN Concepts”

Chapter 1, ‘Features and Benefits” Chapter 4, ‘Putting Your ATM Network Together” Chapter 5, ‘Network Configuration Examples” Appendix C, ‘ATM Module T echni cal Specifications”

Chapter 8, ‘Managing the ATM Module”

Chapter 6, ‘Installing and Setting Up the Module” Appendix A, ‘Safety Information”

Appendix B, ‘Screen Access Rights” Chapter 8, ‘Managing the ATM Module”

Chapter 9, ‘ Monitoring the ATM Module”

Appendix E, ‘Technical Support and Service”

Convent ions

Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide.

Table 1

Icon Notice Type Alerts you to...

Table 2

Convention Description

Screen display

The words “Enter” and “Type”

[Key] names Key names appear in text in one of two ways:

Notice Icons

Information note

ATTENTION Risk of system damage or data loss

CAUTION Conditions or procedures that can cause

DANGER Conditions or proce dures th at can result in

Text Conventions

This typeface represents information as it appears on the screen.

The word “enter” means type something and then press the Retu rn or En ter k ey. Do not press the Return or Enter key when an instruction simply says “type.”

■

If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the key names are linked with a plus sign (+). For example: Press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del].

Important features or instructions

personal injury that is neither lethal nor extremely hazardous

death or severe personal injury

Referred to by their labels, such as “the Return key” or “the Escape key”.

Enclosed within brackets, such as [Return] or [Esc].

ATM Benefits

ATM is the only technology specifically designed to carry voice, video and data traffic simultaneously and to provide the required level of service that these different applications need in order to run effectively across a network. ATM provides the following benefits:

It is easy and low cost to add additional services to

■

the ATM network. Services can be added as and when they are

■

needed. It is easier to scale ATM networks compared to other network technologies.

ATM devices interoperate with your existing

■

network. LAN Emulation (LANE) is a standards based technology specifically designed to provide interoperability between existing Ethernet/Fast Ethernet networks and ATM networks. LANE allows users to interoperate with ATM or traditional LAN based servers over ATM for higher performance and functionality.

1-2 C

HAPTER

1: F

EATURES AND BENEFITS

ATM Module Features

The following list summarizes the ATM Module featu res. These featur es are de s cribed i n more detail in this guide.

■

Conforms to ATM Forum Standards

■

OC-3c 155Mbps Interface

SONET (STS 3c) and SDH (STM-1) compliant

■

Multi-mode Fiber, SC connectors

■

LAN Emulation (LANE)

16 Emulated LAN Clients

■

512 Virtual Circuits

■

1024 remote MAC Addresses

■

User -To-Network Interf ace (UN I)

■

Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)

■

AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer

■

16 Virtual LANs (VLANs)

■

RMON per E mul ate d L AN. R MON Gr ou ps su pp or te d:

version 1.0

version 3.0 and 3.1

■

High performance with fast data transfer

Wire Rate Transmission

■

Low Latency (68 microseconds when using

■

on ATM port

Store and Forward traffic management between ATM and Ethernet components)

■

Resilient Links protect your network against cable and equipment failure

■

SNMP management

■

Telnet and local management (using VT100 screens)

Cabling and environmental specifications are listed in Appendix C, ‘ATM Module Technical Specifications”.

Alarms

■

Events

■

Statistics

■

History

■

Data buffer to store 40,000 ATM cells

ETWORK LAYER

ONCEPTS

This guide contains several chapters that describe the basic concepts behind A TM technology, and integrating ATM into your existing network:

This chapter describes some of the concepts

■

behind the network layer architecture of a typical ATM network.

Chapter 3, “Virtual LAN Concepts” describes how

■

Virtual LANs (VLANs) are extended into the ATM network.

Chapter 4, “Putting Y our ATM Network Together”

■

describes how to plan your ATM network. Chapter 5, “Network Configuration Examples”

■

provides some examples of how you can use the ATM Module within an ATM networks.

If you are already familiar with these concepts, refer to Chapter 6, “Installing and Setting Up the Module”.

If you have read the concepts chapters and still requir e a more in-depth expl anati o n, refer to the technical publications listed in the Bibliography.

Each of the layers in discussed in turn; starting with the Upper Layer and working down to the Physical Layer.

The Layered Network Architecture

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is only pa rt of a layered net wo r k archit e ctu r e. This architecture is shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1

Network Layer Architecture

2-2 C

HAPTER

2: N

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

Upper Layer Protocols

Upper Layer

The

is the layer in the network architecture that rel ates to user appl ications and service requests. For example, an application could be fi le transfer softwar e, a nd the ser vic e reque st could be a req uest t o transfer a file from a user’s PC to a shared file server.

User data and control information is passed down the network layers in the source device, and passed up the layers at the destination device.

What is LAN Emulation (LANE)?

LAN Emulation (LANE)

Token Ring, and other traditional LAN networks, to communicate with each other over an ATM network.

LANE emulates the broadcast nature of traditional LANs. Each LANE broadcast domain is known as an

Emulated LAN (ELAN)

Each ELAN can only carry one type of traffic. For example, an ELAN could carry either Ethernet frames or Token Ring frames, but not both.

There can be several ELANs on a single ATM network. Some of these ELANs could be carrying Ethernet traffic and others could be carrying Token Ring traffic.

allows users on Ethernet,

T raffic from one ELAN is not seen on another ELAN, as they are logically separate broadcast domains. If devices from different ELANs need to communicate with each other, they must do s o using an ATM router.

LAN emulation software is contained within ATM devices which can be added to your existing network.

LANE allows you to add ATM to your network without having to replace or upgrade the whole of your underlying technology. LANE allows you to do this because it is completely transparent to the ATM network and to the traditional LAN network, end-users, operating systems and applications.

LAN Emulation allows users on traditional LANs to communicate over ATM by performing the following tasks:

■

Emulates the broadcast nature of LANs.

■

Maps MAC addresses to ATM addresses.

■

Maps upper layer connection-less technologies to

connection-oriented

the

ATM network.

Although LAN Emulation emulates a range of network technologies, all examples in this guide are be based on an Ethernet network.

What is LAN Emulation (LANE)? 2- 3

LAN Emulation Components

Emulated LAN (ELAN)

Each LAN Emulation components. This section de scribes each of these components.

LAN Emulation Client (LEC)

Each ATM de v i c e has a number o f LAN Emulation clients. Each

LAN Emul at i on Client ( L EC)

for tak i ng Ethernet frames and passing the m through the ATM network to the LEC serving th e destination address. The de stination LEC is r esponsible for r eceiving the frame from the ATM network and passing it to the local Ethernet network, where it can be delivered to the destination address.

LAN Emulation Server (LES)

Each

Emulated LAN (ELAN)

. The purpose of the LES is to store address and control information for the ELAN it is serving, and to pass this information onto the clients and other components within the ELAN.

The LES, therefore, needs to know the address of every client and component in the ELAN.

is composed of a set of

is responsibl e

controls a single

Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS)

Each ELAN has a

Broadcast and Unkn own Server (B US)

The BUS forwards fra me s that it receives fr om any client to all of the clients in the ELAN. The BUS is used to forward broadcast and multicast frames so that they are

flooded

throu ghout the ELAN . The BUS al so

floods

unicast frames if the location of the destination MAC address is u nkn own.

LAN Emulation Configurati on Server (LEC S)

LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS)

The

is an optional component, and is not essential for the normal running of an ELAN

The LECS stores the nam es of all the ELA Ns that have been set up on the ATM network, and the address of

LAN Emulation Server (LES)

the

that serves each of

these ELANs. If there is an LECS on the network, any client can

interrogate the LECS to find the address of the server associated with the ELAN they wish to join. The clients may also get ELAN configuration information from the LECS.

If a LECS is not present on the A TM network, the server addres s to be used by the clie nt must be specif ied usi ng the management software on that client’s ATM d evice.

2-4 C

HAPTER

2: N

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

LAN Emulation Components in Your Network

Each Emulated LAN consists of a singl e

LANE Service

and a number of LAN Emulation clients. A LANE Service consists of:

■

LAN Emulation Server (LES)

■

Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS)

■

Optional

LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS)

Figure 2-2 shows a logical view of a typical ELAN.

The router shown in Figure 2-2 is not a LAN

Emulation component, but would be required should a device on one Emulated LAN need to communicate with a device on another Emulated LAN.

You may wish to have more than one LECS on your network for security reasons. For example, you may wish the Finance department to be controlled by one

LECS and the rest of your network to be controlled by a different L ECS.

LAN Emulation and IBM Devices

LAN Emulation components are implemented in ATM dev ic es. The LAN Emulat i on sta n dards (re ferenc e d in the Bibliography) do not specify how each vendor implements each of these components.

Figure2-2

LAN Emulation Components

What is LAN Emulation (LANE)? 2- 5

Joining the ELAN

Before a LAN Emulation Client (LEC) can transmit any Ethernet frames onto the ATM network it must first join an ELAN . To join the ELAN:

The LEC must know the name of the ELAN it is to join.

The ELAN name is specified through the management software on the Switch.

The LEC must communicate with the LAN Emulation Server (LES) that is serving that ELAN.

To communicate with the LES, the LEC must first locate the LES. The LEC can find the ATM address of the LES in one of the following ways:

If there is a LAN Emulation Configuration Server

■

(LECS) on the netwo rk, the LE C gets th e addr ess o f the LES from the LECS.

The way in which the LECS determines which LES the LEC needs to communicate with, depends on

policy

the user guide that accompanies your LECS for more details of the policies your LECS uses.

that the LECS is running. Refer to the

Locating the LECS

Before the LEC can ask the LECS for the address of the LES, the LEC must first locate the LECS. There are three ways in which the LEC c an l o cate the LECS, and the LEC tries these methods in the following order:

The LEC can ask the adjacent ATM Switch using

■

Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)

the The LEC can use a well known ATM address that is

■

reserved for the LECS. The well known address is pre-programmed into most LECS devices. The well known address is:

47007900000000000000000000:00A03E000001:00 The LEC can use a reserved

■

Circuit (PVC)

which the ATM Switch has already

Permanent Virtual

routed to the LECS. The reserved PVC is VPI 0, VCI 17 .

If the network does not have a LECS, the LEC gets

■

the LES address from the management software on the ATM device.

The LEC must have a connection to the Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS).

When the LEC has joined the LES, the LES helps the LEC locate the

Broadcast and Unknown Server

associated with that ELAN.

(BUS)

2-6 C

HAPTER

2: N

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

Mapping Ethernet and ATM Addresses

Each device connected to an Ethernet port has one or more MAC addresses.

Each ATM device has a number of LAN Emulation clients, and each

LAN Emulation Client (LEC)

A T M ad dr ess . An e xam pl e of thi s i s s ho wn i n Fi gu r e 2-3.

Figure2-3

LAN Emulation Clients and Ethernet Hosts

These clients represent (act as a proxy) for devices connected to the Ethernet ports.

Whenever an Ethernet device wants to communicate with another device over the ATM network, the LEC must first discover the ATM address of the LEC that is acting as a proxy for the destination MAC address. The LEC must do this for each unicast Ethernet fram e sent. The process is known as

Address Resolution.

has an

Address Resolution

The process by which a LEC associates a LAN destination address with the ATM address of another LEC (or the BUS) is known as

Each LEC keeps a LAN Emulation

Address Resolution

ARP Table

(which

should not to be confused with the IP ARP Table). The ARP T able lists the remote destination MAC addresses and the ATM address of the LEC though which each destination MAC address can be reached.

Prior to sending a frame with a known destination, the LEC checks the ARP Table to s ee if the destinati o n MAC address of the frame is listed in the ARP Table. The action the LEC then takes depends on whether the MAC address is listed in the ARP Table:

■

If the destination MAC address is listed in the ARP Table:

and there is an A TM connection to that LEC, the

■

frame is sent directly to that LEC. and an ATM connection has not already been

■

set up, the LEC sets up an ATM connection.

■

If the destination MAC address is not listed in the ARP Table

, the LEC sends the frame to the BUS. The BUS then sends the frame to all LECs on the Emulated LAN.

Sending a frame to every LEC is an inefficient use of resources, so the LEC also tries to locate the MAC address for future use.

To discover the correct address, the LEC uses a process called

Protocol (LE_ARP)

LAN Emulation Address Resolution

What is LAN Emulation (LANE)? 2- 7

LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE_ARP)

An LE_ARP request is sent to the LES to locate the destination MAC address. The LES in turn sends the LE_ARP request to all of the LECs in the Emulated LAN.

LECs represent (act as a proxy) for MAC address devices connected to the Ethernet ports. When a LEC receives an LE_ARP request it checks whether the MAC address is on its Switch. It does this by checking the entries in the Switch database.

If the MAC address belongs to one of the devices connected to an Ethernet port, the LEC sends an LE_ARP response to the LEC that sent the original LE_ARP request.

The LEC that sent the LE_ARP request adds this information to its ARP Table. The LEC then sets up a direct connection through the ATM network to the appropriate LEC, so that subsequent frames are forwarded more efficiently.

What Happens to Unicast Frames?

The path a unicast frame takes through the ATM network depends on whether the location of the destination address is known to the sending LEC.

In addition the sending LEC attempts to locate the LEC serving the destination address. It does this using the LE_ARP process, described in “LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE_ARP)”.

What Happens to Broadcast and Multicast Frames?

Emulated LAN (ELAN)

Each

acts as a broadcast domain. When a broadcast or multicast frame is passed to the LEC for transmission, the frame is sent

Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS)

to the

When the LEC receives a broadc as t, mul t icast, or unicast frame it checks to see if it originally sent the frame, and then does the following:

If the LEC sent the frame, it discards the frame.

■

If the LEC did not send the frame, the LEC passes

■

the frame to the Ethernet device so that it can be forwarded to the appropriate port(s).

Unlike broadcast and multicast frames, the number of unicast frames that can be sent to the BUS every second is limited so as not to overload the BUS and LECs with too much traffic.

■

If the location of the destination address is known

, the LEC sets up a direct connection to the

LEC serving the destination address.

■

If the location of the destination address is unknow n

, a unicast frame is sent to the

and Unknown Server (BUS)

; where it is treated in

Broadcast

the same way as a broadcast or multicast frame.

2-8 C

HAPTER

2: N

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)

Ethernet frames can be between 64 and 1514 bytes in length. ATM transmits data in fixed length Each cell contains 48 bytes of user data. The

Adaptation Layer (AAL)

Ethernet and A TM for mats. The AAL has a

Segmentation and Reassemb ly (SAR)

sub-layer that does the conversion. In the sending device the LEC passes the Ethernet

frames to the SAR. The SAR converts the user data into fixed length cells, and passes these cells to the ATM Layer for transmission across the ATM network.

In the receiving device, the SAR converts the ATM cells back into the appropriate user data again, and passes this data to the LEC.

As ATM can carry different traffic types (for example, voice, video, and other data), several Adaptation Layer protocols have been defined. These protocols operate simultaneously within the Adaptation Layer, and allow the ATM Layer to support different applications and traffic types.

converts data between the

cells

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

oriented transmission protocol that has the following features:

■

AT M uses the

Signalling Protocol (Q.2931)

dynamically create, maint ain and clear ATM connections between end-systems.

■

ATM uses fixed length packets known as each cell identifies the connection to be used.

■

ATM is transparen t to th e mul tiple servi ces it supports and c an carry cell s from different applications over the s ame phy s ic al connecti on.

■

ATM has well-defined user and network interfaces.

ATM is Cell-based

ATM uses fixed length packets called five bytes of the cell is the

cell header

contains the information necessary to deliver the cell to the correct destination.

Fixed-length cells offer smaller and more predictable switch ing de la ys, b eca u se ce ll switching is le ss complex than variable-length packet switching.

is a connection-

cells

, and

cells

. The first

. The cell he ad er

The IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module uses the AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer protocol, which is a data-oriented protocol. The ATM Module will only work with other AAL5 devices.

Having all the data in the same cell format also dramatically increases the speed of transmission, by eliminating the need for protocol recognition and decoding. A good analogy is containerized shipping, where uniform shape and weight containers with standardized labelling, ease and speed up processing.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer 2-9

ATM is Service Transparent

A TM allows for the high speed transfer of a wide range of user tra ffic, incl uding voice, v i de o and other data .

The cell format means that more than one service (traffic type) can be

multiplexed

physical line, see Figure 2-4.

Figure2-4

Service Processing

Cells ar e

de-multiplexed

connection and forwarded to the correct service destination.

Multi-service processing promotes scalability by significantly reducing the number of changes needed to add new service traffic types to your network.

over the same

at the other end of the

ATM is Connection-oriented

ATM is a

connection-oriented

requires a communication channel to be set up between the ATM source and destination end-systems before ATM cells can pass between them.

Before a direct data connection can be set up between two end-systems, a number of control connections are set up. These control connections are beyond the scope of this guide. If you require further information about control connections, refer to the ATM Forum’s “LAN Emulation Over ATM” document.

Figure 2-5 shows the logical structure of a communication channel.

Figure 2-5

Communication Channels

Several communication channels can operate over the same physical link. Each contains several communication channels known as

Virtual Channel Connections (VCCs)

transport service that

Virtual Path Connection (VPC)

The ATM Module only manages Virtual Channel Connections (VCC).

2-10 C

HAPTER

2: N

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

A VCC is defined as spanning end-to-end, whereas a

Virtual Channel (VC)

the VCC, refer to Figure 2-6.

Figure2-6

Many virtual channels can exist on the same physical link. Each virtual channel is identi fied by a pair of numbers:

■

Any end-system that wishes to communicate with another end-system must first use the protocol to set up the VCC.

The device between the end-systems to set up a series of virtual channels. Each of these virtual channels is identified using the VPI and VC I va lue s.

is the name given to a section of

Connection Terminology

Virtual Path Identifier (VPI)

The

Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI)

The

Signalling

protocol negotiates with each ATM

and

Signalling

Figure 2-7 on page 2-11 shows how A TM cells are switched through the ATM network using the VPI/VCI values.

Instead of containing the ATM address of the final destination device, each cell header contains the VPI/VCI values associated with the virtual channel it is going to take to get to the next ATM Switch in the connection.

Each ATM switch kn ow s th at when it receives a ce l l with a particular VPI/VCI value on one port that it must transmit the cell on another port with another VPI/VCI .

Cells are switched through the network based on these VPI/ VC I va lues, and swit c h ing is pe r fo r med independently for every cell. Each cell can be thought of as taking a virtual channel connection.

The VPI/VCI values are only meaningful in the c ontext of that user-to-switch, or switch-to-switch, interface. Identi ca l VP I/ VC I va lu e s ca n e xi s t on di ffe re n t interfaces within the network.

Connectio ns tha t ar e e stabl ishe d d ynamic ally us ing the Signalling protocol are known as

Circuits (SVCs). Switche d V irtual C i rc uits

in “Switched Virtual Circ uits (SVCs )” on page 2-12.

Switched Virtual

are described

ATM connections can also be established via management, and these type of connections are known as

Permanent Virtual Circuits

Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)

are described in

“Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)” on page 2-12.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer 2-11

Figure2-7

Switching Cells using VPI and VCI values.

2-12 C

HAPTER

2: N

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

Switched Vi rtual Circuits (SVCs)

SVCs use the signalling protocol to dynamically define connections as they are needed and to release them when they are no longer needed.

SVCs use signalling for:

■

Connections initiated by the user/application.

■

Connections established and dropped dynamically.

■

Varied connection time.

■

Connections not automatically re-established after network failure.

Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)

The most basic connection setup requires the definition of each connection via management. These type of connections generally remain established for long periods of time.

PVC attributes include:

■

Connections initiated by network management.

■

Long-term connection duration.

■

Automatically re-established after network failure.

■

Supported by MIB or other management entity.

The ATM Module does not support PVCs.

ATM Interfaces

ATM technology is implemented in A TM edge-devices and ATM Switches.

ATM provides a User-to-Netw o rk Interface (UNI) is u s ed to con nect an ATM edge device to an ATM switch that is managed as part of the same network.

A TM also provides a that is typically used to interconnect two ATM switches managed as part of the same network.

The ATM Interfaces are shown in Figure 2-8.

Figure 2-8

ATM Interfaces

The User-to-Network Interface (UNI) is managed by the

Interim Lo ca l Management Interface (ILMI)

User-to-Network Interface

(UNI). The

Network-to-Network Interface (NNI)

protocol.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer 2-13

Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)

The ATM Forum produced the

Management Interface (ILMI)

Interim Local

to increase monitoring and diagnostic facilities, and to provide ATM address registration at the

ILMI uses a

SNMP

the

pr otocol.

User-to-Network Interface (UNI)

Management Information Base (MIB)

and

Each device that provides ILMI support contains a

UNI Management Entity (UME)

, which uses SNMP to access management information stored in the ILMI MIB of the adjacent switch, see Figure 2-9.

Figure2-9

UNI Management Entities

ATM Address Registrati on

In order to establish an ATM connection, both the user and the network must know the ATM addresses used at that

User -to-Network Interface (UNI)

. An

example of an ATM address is shown below. 47007900000000000000000000:00A03E000001:00 An ATM address consists of three sections of

information and is 20 bytes in length:

network:host:identifier

Where

network

is a network prefix assigned to the

device by the ATM Switch, and is 13 bytes long. Where

is the edge-device identifier, and is 6

host

bytes long. Where

identifier

identifies the client within the

edge-device, and is 1 byte long. ILMI provides a mechanism for the edge-device (in

this case the ATM Module) to inform the A TM Switch of the addresses it represents.

When the ATM Module initializes, the ATM Switch sends a network prefix to th e ATM Module. The ATM Module then tries to register itself with the ATM Switch by attaching the pref ix to the front of its MAC address, and an identifier to the end of the address. It then sends this back to the A TM switch. If a cceptable, the ATM Switch registers the address as the ATM Module’s ATM address.

2-14 C

HAPTER

2: N

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

The ATM Layer and Cell Structure

This section describes the cell structure, and how the ATM Layer uses the information stored in the cell header to perform each of its ta sks.

The ATM Layer’ s primary responsibility is to manage the sending and receiving of cells between the user and the network.

The A TM Lay er accep ts the user data and contro l information from the ATM Adaptation Layer , adds the cell header, and passes the resulting 53 byte cell to the physical layer.

In addition, it also receives cells from the physical layer, strips off the cell header and passes the remaining 48 bytes to the higher layer protocols.

The ATM cell has 48 bytes of payload (information to be carried) and five bytes of header information, making the cell 53 bytes in length.

The cell header contains the informat ion used by the network to forward each cell to its destination. The ATM cell structure is shown in Figure 2-10.

The ATM cell header consists of the following fields:

Gener i c Flow Control (G F C)

— Provides local

functions, such as flow control over the

User- to Network I nterfac e (UNI)

. The valu e enco ded i n the GFC is not carried end-to-end and can be overwritten by the ATM Switch.

Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) Identifier (VCI)

— The VPI/VCI values allow the

and

Virtual Channel

network to associate a cell with a given connection, so that the cell can be switched to its destination.

Payload Type Identifier (PTI)

— The PTI is used to indicate whether the cell contains user information, or management information. The management information is used for resource and network congestion management.

Cell Loss Priority (CLP)

Loss Priority (CLP)

bit in the A TM cell is to indicate that

— The purpose of the

Cell

cells with this bit set should be discarded before cells which do not have the CLP bit set. Cells can be discarded based on CLP condition and according to the network load. When the network overloads, a discard mechanism, based on the value of the CLP bit in the cell header, may come into operation.

Figure2-10

ATM Cell Structure

Header Error Check (HEC)

— The HEC field is used for detecting bit errors in the cell header. It is also used for cell delineation, defining where the cell begins in a SONET frame.

Physical Layer 2-15

Physical Layer

The physical layer is responsible for transmitting and receiving ATM cells over a physical medium. It is also responsible for checking the integrity of the bits being transferred over a physical media, and for making sure that they are error-free.

The A TM Module is compliant with both

SDH STM-1

and These standar d s ar e simi l ar, and most devices allow

you to use either framing standar d on eac h link in the ATM network.The same framing standard must be used at each end of the link.

Many users prefer to use the same framing standard through out their ne twork (f or example SONET STS-3c ).

The physical layer is sub-divided into:

■

— SONET and SDH are capable of carrying

Path

traffic for a number of uppers layers, and ATM is only one of those layers. Each upper layer uses its

Path

own

— A

Line

device and the adjacent ATM switch or ATM end-station.

SONET STS-3c

physical layer standard s.

through the SONET/SDH layer.

line

is the whole path between one A TM

SONET STS-3c

Synchronous Optical N etwork (SONET) is the physi c al layer most often associated with ATM. SONET provides, throug h a framing stru c ture, the mechanism for the transport of ATM cells. D ata can be transferred at

155.52Mbps.

SDH STM-1

SDH STM-1 is a physical layer similar to the SONET layer, but with some differences in frame fields. SDH STM-1 is the physical layer commonly used in Europe.

The physical layer and ATM layers in the network provide simple performance monitoring functions between ATM devices; providing basic information about the health of the link. These functions are known as “Operation and Maintenance (OAM)” functions.

■

Section

networks, a

— When ATM is used for telephone

line

may cover a large distance, requiring optical repeaters to boost the signal along its way . The part of a

line

between an optical repeater and the adjacent repeater or switch is known as a

section

2-16 C

HAPTER

2: N

ETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS

IRTUAL

LAN C

ONCEPTS

This chapter provides a brief overv i ew of Virtual LAN (VLAN) concepts, and describes how to extend VLANs into the ATM network.

This user guide does not describe how to create or configure VLANs. VLAN configuration is described in the user guide that accompanies your Switch.

What is a Virtual LAN (VLAN)?

A V irtual LAN (VLAN) is a fl exibl e, l ocati on and t opolog y independent group of en d-stations communi c ating as if they are on a common physical LAN.

You can create VLANs that closely correspond to how your network and business functions. For example, marketing personnel in different physical locations could be part of one VLAN and finance personnel could be in another VLAN.

VLANs provide the following benefits:

VLANs make mo ve s an d change s sim p le.

■

As each VLAN is a common broadcast domain, you

■

can erect firewalls against broadcast storms.

Creating Inter-switch VLANs

You can create inter-switch VLANs using Virt ual LAN Trunks (VLTs ) on Fast Ether net connec tions, as shown

in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1

Inter-sw itch VLANs

VLANs improve security.

■

For a full description of VLAN functionality, refer to the user guide that accompanies your Switch.

3-2 C

HAPTER

3: V

IRTUAL

LAN C

ONCEPTS

Extending VLANs into the ATM Network

You can use LAN Emulation to define and extend VLANs seamlessly through the ATM network, as shown in the example in Figure 3-3.

Traffic from one

Emulated LAN (ELAN)

is not seen on another ELAN as they are logically separate domains. For this reason, when you plan your network, you should consider what ELANs you require, and how the VLANs will map to these ELANs.

The A T M Module has a LE C for each of th e Switc h’s 16 VLANS, and each V L A N/L EC c an be mapped onto an

Emulated LAN (ELAN)

. In this way , E thernet traff ic is mapped to an ELAN by a VLAN-to-LEC association. The mapping of VLANs to ELANs is shown in Figure 3-2.

When an Ethernet device attached to a Switch generates traffic, the Switch forwards the frames to the appropriate port.

A unicast frame is only forwarded to a port if the address of the destination device is known to be on that port and the destination port is in the same VLAN as the source port. If a unicast frame is forwarded to the ATM port, the ATM port uses the destination MAC addr es s to identi fy the ATM connection to use.

A broadcast or multicast frame is forwarded to all ports in the same VLAN as the source port. If a frame is received by the ATM port, the ATM port forwards i t to the BUS for the associated VLAN.

Figure 3-2

VLAN to ELAN M apping

Extending VLANs into the ATM Network 3-3

Figure3-3

Extending VLANs into the A TM Network.

3-4 C

HAPTER

3: V

IRTUAL

LAN C

ONCEPTS

UTTING

OUR

ATM N

ETWORK TOGETHER

This chapter takes you through the process of planning your network. Topics include:

Planning and tracking your network configuration.

■

AT M Configuration Rules.

■

Extending Virtual LANs (VLANs) into the ATM

■

network. ATM connection types.

■

Planning Your Network

Before installing your ATM devices you should spend some time planning your network structure. This section lists some of the points you should consider.

■

Are routes defin ed w it hin your ATM network so that your ATM devices can connect to your LAN Emulation services?

Examine your existing network topology and decide if further configuration is required. In particular, you should consider the location of your LAN Emulation services.

■

Does your existing ATM network have sufficient resources?

Consider the capacity of:

Your ATM Switc hes, and th e number of

■

additiona l connections your ATM device r equires . Your LAN Emulation services, and the number

■

of additional LAN Emulation Clients (LECs) your ATM edge-device will a tte m p t to joi n .

■

Can your ATM devices communicate with each other?

Ensure that all of your ATM equipment is using

■

the same line f r am ing and signallin g protocols. Ensure that all in ter-swit ch r out es a r e co nfigu r ed

■

correctl y.

■

How do you intend to manage the ATM network?

Can the network manager communicate with the ATM devices you wish to manage? Check the routing tables.

4-2 C

HAPTER

4: P

UTTING YOUR

AT M N

ETWORK TOGETHER

■

Does your network m eet s afety specifications?

You should always follow safety requirements and ensure that your device environment meets all technical specifications.

For the ATM Module these requirements are specified in Appendix A. For other devices, refer to the user guides that accompany those devices.

■

Does yo ur network conform to the ATM configura tion rules?

Make sure that your network meets the con figurati on rules described in “ATM Configuration Rules”.

ATM Configuration Rules

There are several things that you should consider before configuring your network:

■

Your cables and equipment must meet all of the technical spe cifications.

The ATM cable you connect to the ATM Module, must conform to the Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF-PMD) standard defined by ANSI x.3-166-1992.

3Com supports 62.5/125mm multi-mode fiber (MMF-PMD) cable. Th e ma xi m u m i nter-statio n distance (including device-to-network connectors) should not exceed 2km (1.25 miles).

■

Allow for attenuation (weakening of signal) when calculat i ng cable l en gths.

■

Ensure that you have sufficient bandwidth.

Refer to Appendix C, “ATM Module Technical Specifica t ions” for more d etails.

You cannot connect an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module to another IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module; this is due to the signalling requirements used by ATM and LANE. There must be a standards-base d ATM Switch between the two modules for them to operate correct ly.

Extending VLANs Through the ATM Network

When setting up VLANs and extending them into the ATM network you should consider the following:

■

What logical network domains, VLANs, do you wish to set up?

Traffic from one seen on another ELAN (unless a router is used), as they are logically separate domains. For this reason you should consider:

What ELANs you require.

■

How the VLANs will map to the ELANs.

■

If you need to route between any of your ELANs.

■

Will you have sufficient ELAN resources?

When calculating the resources you require, you should consider the number of:

Emulated LAN (ELAN)

will not be

ELANs that your LAN Emulation services can

■

support. VLANs/ELANs th at each edg e-de vice ca n supp ort.

■

Virtual circuits required.

■

MAC addresses that can be held in the device

■

LAN Emulation ARP Table.

When a

LAN Emulation Client (LEC)

joins an ELAN, up to five control connections may be required before any data is transferred over a separate data connection (VCC). Each time a LEC connects to another LEC a further connection is required. Y ou should keep this in mind when calculating the number of connections you require.

The ATM Module provides the following resources:

Up to 16 LECs to extend VLANs into the ATM

■

network over ELANs. 512 Virtual Circuits to/from the ATM network.

■

1024 remote MAC Addresses.

■

The ATM Module supports only 16 LECs, but this does not limit your network to 16 ELANs.

■

Are the LAN Emulation services configured correctly?

Is the LAN Emulation service that the

Client (LEC)

is going to j oin configur e d c orrectly ?

For example, if your network uses a

Client Server (LECS)

, does the LECS know about

LAN Emulation

the LES, and is the LES active ? Hav e you supplied a valid ELAN name?

Configuring t he LECS and LES is outside of the sc ope of this user gui de. C onsult the user guide that accompanies the device implementing the LECS or LES.

ATM Connections Within Your Network 4-3

Alternatively, if your LEC will not be using a LECS and is being configured manually, ensure that:

The LES address that the LEC is using has been

■

correctly entered via the local management screens.

The LES is active.

■

For the ATM Module, you can enter these settings using the Port Configuration screen described in “Displaying an ATM Connection”, on page 8-10.

ATM Connections Within Your Network

ATM connections in your ATM network can be established dynamically by the

Switched Virtual Circui t

(

Permanent Virtual Circuit

(

The ATM Module doe s no t support PVC connecti ons

. All ATM Module connections are SVCs. This network concepts section includes PVC configuration concepts for completeness.

■

Switched Virt ual Circuits (SVC )

up dynamically by the signalling protocol. SVCs require very little configuration, and only use the resources you need. For these reasons, SVCs are commonly used in the LAN environment.

■

Permane nt Vi rtual Circuits (PVC)

need to use a PVC within your network when a remote edge-device does not support

Virtual Circuits

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

. For example, remote edge-devices

Signalling

protocol

), or through management

— SVCs are set

— You may

Switched

often use PVCs.

4-4 C

HAPTER

4: P

UTTING YOUR

AT M N

ETWORK TOGETHER

Figure 4-1 shows an example of a network configuration where a remote edge-device does not support LAN Emulation based on SVCs (it only supports PVC LAN Emulation).

Figure4-1

SVC Signalling Not Supported in Remote Edge-device

ETWORK

This chapter provides examples of possible network configurations using the ATM Module. If you are unfamiliar with ATM, you should read this chapter in conjunction with Chapter 4, “Putting Your ATM Network Together”.

ATM Backbone in the Building

This section gives an example of an ATM backbone within a single building, as shown in Figure 5-1.

In this case, the Ethernet Switch on each floor is provided with a high speed (155Mbps) full duplex link to the backbone. Using ATM as a backbone technology removes bottlenecks by providing scalable bandwidth, low-latency, high-speed data switching.

ONFIGURATION

XAMPLES

Ethernet VLANs can be extended into the ATM network using Emulated LANs (ELANs). Ethernet packets are then switched betwe en Ethernet to ATM transparently.

As well as providing a fast switched backbone between Ethernet LANs, ATM equipped file servers and services may be directly attached to the ATM network; giving improved performance to the Ethernet desktop.

Further advantages are gained in multi-media applications, due to ATM’s built-in quality of service.

Figure 5-1

ATM Backbone in the Building

5-2 C

HAPTER

5: N

ETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES

Campus Configuration

The section gives an example of A TM within a campus environment. The diagram shown in Figure 5-2 on page 5-3 demonstrates a balance between cost and performance requirements.

Building A

shows how you can concentrate IBM 8721 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 612 and 624 devices using an IBM 8271 Nways Ethern et LAN Switch Model 712. All traffi c in te r na l t o Building A is switched over Fast Ethernet. In addition, an ATM link to the campus backbone provides high speed access to remote services.

Building B

shows how you can configure a building in a cost efficient manner, while retaining connectivity to the campus ATM network.

Only one A TM Module is required to connect the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 624 and Switch Model 524 devices to the ATM network. This provides connectivi ty for 48 Ethernet ports t o t he ATM backbone.

Building C

shows you a building similar to Building A, but with additional campus-wide, high performance access to directly connected ATM servers.

Campus Configuration 5- 3

Figure5-2

Campus and Cost Sensitive Network

5-4 C

HAPTER

5: N

ETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES

Making a Building Resilient to Network Failure

You can build resilience into your building backbone as shown in Figure 5-3. The provision of resilient links protects your network against cable and network failure by using a main and a standby link. Should the main link fail, a standby link automatically takes over the function of the main link.

In this example, the ATM Module fiber link provides the main link in t he resil ie n t lin k pai r, and the Fast Ethernet fiber or copper link acts as the standby link.

This configuration ensures that all devices have access to a high-speed backbone connection at all times.

Figure 5-3

Resilient Link Configuration

NSTALLING AND

ETTING

THE

ODULE

Following Safety Information

ATTENTION: Only hold the ATM Module by the edges to avoid damage from static. Do not touch the top or bottom of the circuit board.

DANGER: Before installing or removing anycomponents of a device, or carrying out anymaintenance work, you must read the safety informationprovided in Appendix A, “Safety Information” of this guide.

Danger: Avant d’installer ou de retirer les composantsd’une unité, ou de procéder à une opération de maintenance,vous devez prendre connaissance des consignes de sécurité figurant à l'annexe A, “Consignes de sécurité” du présent manuel.

Achtung: Vor dem Installieren oder Entfernen von Komponenten einer Einheit, bzw. vor dem Ausführen von Wartungsarbeiten unbedingt die Sicherheit shinweise in An ha ng A , “Sicherheitshinweise”, dieses Handbuchs lesen.

Gevaar! Alvorens een component van een apparaat te installeren of te verwijderen, of alvorens een onderhoudstaak uit te voeren, moet u de veiligheid sr i cht lijnen lezen in Appendix A, “Sa fe ty Information”, van deze handleiding.

Perigo: Antes de instalar ou remover qualquer componente de um dispositivo, ou executar qualquer trabalho de manutenção, você deve ler as informações sobre segurança fornecidas no Apêndice A, “Informaçõíes de Segurança” deste guia.

Fare: Læs sikkerhedsforskrifterne i tillæg A, “SafetyInformation”, i denne vejledning, inden du installerer ellerafmonterer en enheds komponenter eller udfører vedligeholdelsesopgaver.

Gevaar: Voordat u onderhoudswerk uitvoertof componenten van een apparaat installeert of verwijdert,dient u eerst de veiligheidsvoorschriften te lezen in Appendix A, “Safety Information” van deze handleiding.

Pericolo: Prima di installare o di rimuovere qualunque componente di un dispositivo e prima di eseguire qualunque intervento di manutenzione, bisogna leggere le inf or mazioni relativ e all a sicu rez za fornite nell'Appendice A di questaguida.

Fare: Før du installerer eller fjerner komponenter i en enhet eller utfører vedlikeholdsarbeid, må du lese sikkerhetsinformasjo nen i Appendix A, “Safety Information” i denne boken.

Perigo: Antes de instalar ou remover qualquer componente de um dispositivo ou de executar

6-2 C

Опасно:

Перед установкой или удалением какого-либо элемента устройства и проведением технического обслуживания необходимо ознакомиться с информацией по технике безопасности, приведенной в Приложении А, "Информация по технике безопасности".

Nebezpečenstvo:

Pred inštaláciou alebo odobratí ktorej koWvek jednotky, alebo inej práce spojene s daným zariadením, musíte si prečítaÝ bezpečnostné predpisy v Appendixe A, "Bezpečnostné predpisy" v tejto knihe.

Nevarnost !

Preden instalirate ali odstranite neko komponentno iz naprave ali kadar izvajate vzdrevalna dela, morate prebrati navodila za varno uporabo, navedena v Dodatku A " Varnostne informacije" tega navodila.

HAPTER

6: I

NSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE

qualquer trabalho de manutenção, deve ler o conteúdo do Apêndice A, “Informações sobre Segurança”, deste manual.

Peligro:

Antes de instalar o extraer cualquiercomponente de un dispositivo, o realizar cualquier trabajo de mantenimiento, debe leer la información de seguridad incluída en el Apéndice, “Información de Seguridad” de esta guía.

FARA:

Lãs avsnittet “Safety Information” i Appendix A i det här dokumentet innan du utför underhållsarbete eller installerar/demonterar komponenter.

VAARA

: Ennen kuin asennat laitteesee n osia tai irrotat niitä siitä tai teet huoltotoimia, lue tämän julkaisun liitteessä A, “Safety Information”, olevat turvaohjeet.

ebezpečí:

řed instalací nebo odstraněním libovolné komponenty ze zařízen

ebo před prováděním údržby si musíte přečíst bezpečnostní

nformace z této publikace (Appendix A, "Safety Information").

Device Support

The ATM Module allows you to connect your IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch to an ATM network. Switches that support the ATM Module are listed in the “Release Notes” that accompany your ATM Module.

Pre-installation Procedure

This section describes the procedures you need to perform before installing the ATM Module.

Check the Power Supply

Before installing the ATM Module ensure that you have sufficient power supply to power the Switch and ATM Module. Refer to the Release Notes for details

about power supplies.

Device Support 6-3

6-4 C

HAPTER

Installation

This section describes how to install the ATM Module using the example of an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 624 device. Installation is similar for all devices compatible with this ATM Module.

If the Switch is connected to the network, turn off the power to the switch and disconnect the switch from the main power supply and the network.

Place the Switch on a flat, clean, hard, working surface.

Locate and remove the blanking plate which covers the ATM Module slot. Retain the blanking plate and the screws for future use.

Refer to the manual which accompanies your Switch to locate the slot where the ATM Module is located.

6: I

NSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE

Use the guide rails within the Switch slot to align the ATM Module. The location of the guide rails and the correct positioning of the ATM Module is shown in Figure 6-1.

Slide the ATM Module into the slot without touching the top or bottom of the circuit board. Ensure that the module is pushed fully into the unit.

Use the thumb screws attached to the ATM Module to fix the module firmly into place.

Connect the Switch to the ATM network as described in “Connecting a cable to the AT M P ort” on page 6-5.

Power up the Switch as described in “Powering Up the Switch” on page 6-5

Follow the post-installation checks, as described in “Post-Installation Checks” on page 6-5.

Figure6-1

Fitting the ATM Module

Connecting a cable to the ATM Port

Ensure that the cable you wish to connect to the port

meets the correct specificati o n. For cable specifications, refer to “ATM Cable Specification” on page C-1.

Each end of the fiber cable has a transmit (Tx) and

receive (Rx) connector. Connect the Rx connector to the port’s Tx socket. Connect the Tx connector to the port’s Rx socket. Do the same at the other end of the connection.

Powering Up the Switch

The Switch does not have an On/Off button, so the only way to power up the Switch is to connect it to the main power supply using a power cable.

Post-Installation Checks 6-5

System timer test.

■

CAM (Contents Addressable M emory)

■

Console Port tests.

■

Internal packet forwarding tests.

■

Switch and ATM Module

■

Specific Integrated Circuit)

Switch and ATM Module ASIC memory tests.

■

ATM Module interface tests.

■

ATM Module packet forwarding tests.

■

Extended POST

— more extensive testing which

ASIC (App lication

tests.

takes between 50 and 225 seconds to complete and includes all of the

Normal POST

tests plus more

extensive system memory and ASIC memory tests.

Connecting a power supply and safety information is described in the user guide that accompanies your Switch.

Power On Self Test (POST)

When powered up, the Switch and ATM Module enter a

Power On Self Test (POST)

. The type of tests performed depend on how POST has been configured for the Switch. Two types of POST are avail able :

■

Normal POST

— a basic confidence check which takes between 10 and 20 seconds to compl ete, and includes:

Checksum tests of boot and system areas of

■

Flash

memory.

System memory tests.

■

MAC address verification test.

■

When a new Switch is powered-up for the first time, it performs a

Normal POST

If you suspect that there is a problem with your device which has not been detected by the

Extended POST

the

. Configuring POST is described in

the user guide that accompanies your Switch. The LEDs used to indicate POST failure and other

post-installation checks are described in “Post-Installation Checks”.

Post-Installation Checks

This section describes the LEDs and basic checks that you can use to verify your installation, and to ensure that the Switch and ATM Module are operating correctly.

, which is the default setting.

Normal POST

, run

6-6 C

HAPTER

6: I

NSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE

LED Summary

This section describes the LEDs that provide status and troubleshooting information. Table 6-1 lists the Switch LEDs, and Table 6-2 lists ATM Module LEDs.

Table 6-1

LED Name Color/State Indicates MGMT

(On the fr ont of the Switch)

Module

(On the fr ont of the Switch)

LEDs on the Switch

Green

Green flashing

Yellow

Yellow flashing

OFF Green

Green flashing

Green (long on, short off)

Yellow

Yellow flashing

OFF

Switch and ATM Module are operating n ormall y.

Switch or ATM Module is either downloading software or initializing, (which includes a

Switch has failed its

Test (POST)

ATM Module failed its

Test (POST)

No power to the Switch. ATM port enabled; link present.

ATM port disabled; link present.

This LED will flash until all configured LECs have successfully joined their ELANs.

ATM agent software is not installed correctly, or the ATM Module has failed its POST (if the MGMT LED is flashing yellow).

Switch has not recognized the ATM Module.

The A T M Mod ule is n ot installed, or a link is not present on the ATM port, or the ATM Switch is not on.

Power On Self Test

Power On Sel f

Power On Self

Table 6-2

LED Name Color/State Indicates Far End Status

(On ATM Module)

Link Status

(On ATM Module)

LEDs on the ATM Module

Green

OFF (and Link Status LED is Green)

OFF (and Link Status LED is OFF)

Green

OFF

Yellow

OFF

Yellow

OFF

The ATM Switch has not detected an error on the ATM Module’s

The ATM Switch at the far end of the con nection has detect ed a problem with the ATM Module’ s

transmit

notified the A TM Module. For example, the ATM Module’ s cable has been disconne cted at either the ATM Module e nd or ATM S wit c h end of the co nnection.

The cable between the ATM Module and ATM Switch has been disconne cte d.

A link is present on the ATM port, and the port is receiving valid SONET fram es.

The Link is not present on the ATM Port.

The ATM port is transmitting Ethernet, LANE, Signalling or control frames.

The ATM port is not transmitting cells.

The A TM p ort is receiving data cells.

The ATM port is not receiving incoming cells.

transmit

link.

connection , an d

transmit

half of th e

Post-Installation Checks 6-7

Checking the Power Supply

Check the MGMT LED on the Switch. If the MGMT LED is not lit there is a power supply problem. Try the following troubleshooting procedures:

Check that the power supply is plugged into the

device, using a power outlet that is known to be working.

Check that the main power supply switch on the wall

is set to the ON position. Check and if necess ary change the f use on the Switch

or plug, and then power-up the Switch. Refer to the user guide that accompanies your Switch for details about fuses and safety instructions.

Replace the power cable with a cable known to be

wor king, and po wer-up the S w itch. Contact Technical Support. Refer to Appendix E.

Checking that the ATM Module is Installed Correctly

Power up the Switch and check that the Module LED (or Downlink Status LED) on the front of the Switch is lit green.

If the MGMT LED is not lit green, you should remove and then re-install the ATM module.

You can confirm that the ATM Module is installed correctly b y accessing the lo cal management scr eens, as descr i bed in “Logging O n” on pag e 7-3. If the ATM Module is insta lled corr ectl y, the ATM CONFIG URATION option appears in the Main Menu.

If the ATM CONFIGURATION option does not appear:

You may have an incompatible version of the

■

software. Refer to the “Release Notes” for details of which version of the software should be downloaded.

It could be that the ATM Module is still initializing.

■

If the ATM Module is still initializing, the MGMT LED flashes green.

Checking the Physical Connections

This section assumes that the ATM Module is correctly installed.

Check that the L ink Stat us an d Far End Statu s LEDs on the ATM Module are lit green. If one or both of the LEDs is not lit, there is a problem with the physical connection. Follow the troubleshooting information below:

Ensure that both devices are powered-u p, and that

the ports at both ends of the link are enabled. Ensure that the cable is securely connected to the

port at both ends of the link. Check each end of the cable to ensure that each of

the fiber connectors is correctly connected. If your cable connectors can be reversed, you may need to reverse the TX and RX cable connectors at one end of the link.

Some cable connectors have been designed so that they cannot be fitted incorrectly. Never use excessive force to connect cables.

6-8 C

Remove any objects obstructing the cable and

HAPTER

6: I

NSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE

straighten out any kinks in the cable.

If you suspect that the fiber optic connector is dirty, refer to “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors” on page D-24.

Check that your cable meets the specifications described in “ATM Cable Specification” on page C-1.

Replace the cable, and check the Link Status LED again.

Contact IBM Technical Support; refe r to Appendix E.

CCESSING

ANAGEMENT FEATURES

The menu-driven user interface bui lt into the de vice is known as the VT100 or Loca l M anagement interface. The VT100 management interface has a forms-based structure with pre-defined security levels, enabling access to be restricted to particular users.

Accessing and navigating the local screens is described in the manual which accompanies your IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN switch.

Screen Map

Figure 7-1 on page 7-2 provides a map of available local management screens. The screens shaded gray appear when the ATM Module is installed. If these screens do not appear, your ATM Module is not installed co rrect ly.

Keyboar d Sho rt c uts

There are several special characters or combinations of keyboard characters that allo w you to navigate within the screens.

Correcting Text Entry

Use [Delete] on a VT100 terminal or [Backspace] on a PC. This moves the cursor one space to the left and deletes a character.

If you are using Telnet or a terminal emulation program you may find that some of the Control keys do not operate or that they activate other functions. Check carefully in the manual accompanying your Telnet or terminal emulation software before using the Control keys.

[Ctrl] + [K] displays a list of the available key strokes.

7-2 C

HAPTER

7: A

CCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES

Figure7-1

Screen Map

Logging On 7-3

Logging On

Connect your terminal to the Console port using a

cross-over cable for a serial line connection. At your terminal, press [Return] two or more times

until the Main Banner is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-2.

Figure7-2

Main Banner

The Console port will automatically detect the line-speed (baud rate), and use the following default settings:

auto-baud

■

8 character size (data bits)

■

1 stop bit

■

no parity

■

Character size, stop bit, flow control, and parity values cannot be changed.

If your terminal is already setup with these values, the Main Banner will appear as soon as power-up is complete.

At the Main Banner, press [Return] to display the

Logon screen, as shown in Figure 7-3.

Figure 7-3

Type in your user name and password. Note that they

are both case-sensitive:

■

Logon Screen

If you are logging on for the first time (after installation or initialization), use a default user name and password to match your access requirements. We recommend that you use the default user

security

so that you can access all functions. The default users are shown in T able 7-1 on page 7-4.

If you have been assigned a user name, access level and password, type in these details.

7-4 C

HAPTER

7: A

CCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES

Table 7-1

User Name Defaul t

monitor monitor monitor — this user can view, but

manager manager manager — this user can view and

security security security — this user can view and

admin (no password) security — this user can view and

Default Users

Access Level

Password

not change settings on the screens they can access.

change the operational paramete rs (but not the special/security features) on the screens they can access.

change all manageable parameters on the screens they can access.

To find out which ATM screens can be accessed for each of the security levels, refer to Appendix B, “Screen Access Rights”.

For access rights to Switch scr eens , see the user guid e that accompanies your Switch.

When you have logged on, the Main Menu screen is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-4.

Logging Off

When you have finished using the facility, select the LOGOFF option from the bottom of the Main Menu. If you acce sse d t he facility using a Telnet session or modem, the connection will be closed automatically.

Figure 7-4

Automatic Logout

Main Screen

There is a built-in security timeout on the VT100 interface. If you do not press any keys for three minutes, a message warns you that the inactivity timer is about to expire. If you do not press a key within 10 seconds, the timer will expire and the screen will be locked; any displ ay e d st atistics will continue to be updated. When you next press any key, the display changes to the Auto Logout screen.

The Auto Logout screen asks you to enter your password again. If the password is correc tl y entered, the screen that was active when the timer expired is re-displayed. If you make a mistake entering your password, you are returned to the Logon screen.

ANAGING THE

ATM M

ODULE

This chapter describes how to manage the ATM Module. If you wish to view statistics, r efer to Chapter 9, “Monitoring the ATM Module”.

Figure 8-1 shows the screen map. Management features are shown in gray to help you locate the screen you need.

Figure8-1

Management Scr een Map

8-2 C

HAPTER

8: M

ANAGING THE

Configuring an ATM Port

The ATM Module Configuration Screen shows the settings and standards used by the ATM Module to communicate with other devices on the AT M network.

It is unlikely that you will need to change the value of these settings once they have been set.

A TTENTION: If you need to change the value of any of the settings, you may experience a temporary loss of communication while the device resets. If you do not need to make any changes, select the CANCEL button and not the OK button. Selecting the OK button resets the device.

The ATM Module Configuration screen can be accessed from the Main Menu or from the ATM Port Setup screen:

■

Select the ATM CONFIGURATION option from the Main Menu.

■

Alternatively, if you are already in the ATM Port Setup Screen, as described in “ATM Port Setup” on page 8-6, you can select the CONFIG button.

An example of the ATM Module Configuration screen is shown in Figure 8-2.

ATM M

ODULE

Figure 8-2

Ensure that the ATM Module and the ATM Switch it is connected to are set up to use the same signalling and SONET/SDH standards. The two device s should also use the same ILMI VCC and c ompatible values for MAX VPI Bits and MAX VCI Bits. If the devices do not use the same standards, they cannot communicate with each other.

The following fields are shown on the screen:

ATM Mode

which is set to

Mode

Signalling

devices. Select either default is

ATM Module Configuration Screen

Shows the

ATM Mode

of operation,

LAN Emulation Version 1

cannot be changed in this release.

Specifies the

User-to-Network Interface (UNI)

protocol used to communicate with other

uni3.1

uni3.0

uni3.1

standards. The

. The

ATM

Configuring an ATM Port 8-3

SONET/SDH

SONET STS-3c

Specifies the framing us ed. Selec t either

SDH STM-1

. Th e d e fault i s

SONET

STS-3c.

The

MAX VPI Bits

and

MAX VCI Bits

fields described below, are used to determine how many bits can be used within each cell header to define the value of the VPI and VCI. The value of the VPI and VCI fields identify the connection.

MAX VPI Bits can be used to identify which WAN connection to use. If you have several remote sites (London, Manchester and Leeds) you can specify a unique VPI value which identifies traffic going to that site. For example, the VPI value for London could be = 1, Manchester could be = 2, and Leeds could be = 3.

There are 11 b i ts availab l e to b e s hared betw een th e VPI and VCI. The default is 3 VPI bits and 8 VCI bits. You should not normally need to change the defa ul t settings. The adjacent ATM Switch can read the settings of these fiel ds via ILMI and normally negotiates with the devices to use the lowest common denominator. If the ATM Switch is non-standard, you may need to amend th e

MAX VPI Bits (0–4)

field.

Shows the numb er of bits a vaila ble in the cell header that can be used to determine the value of the VPI. Up to 4 bits are available for use. The number of bits set offers a range of possible values for the VPI (as shown within Table 8-1).

Table 8-1

Desired Value of VPI Number of bits

00 0 or 1 1 within the range 0 within the range 0 within the range 0

Max VCI Bits

VPI and Bit Settings

required

–

7 3 (default)

–

15 4

–

The number of bits available for the VCI is calculated aut o m a ti ca lly, using the following equation:

MAX VCI Bits = (11 minus the value of Max VPI Bits)

ILMI VCC

for The first field identifies the field identifies the

This number identifies the connection used

Interim L ocal Manage ment I nterf ace (I LMI)

Virtual Path

Virtual Channel

and the seco n d

requests.

You should only change the ILMI VCC if the ATM switch connected to ATM Module does not use the default ILMI VCC (VPI = 0, VCI = 16).

VCC connections with values 0 (zero) to 31 are reserved for standard connections and you should avoid using these values wherever possible.

Hardware Version

Shows the version number of the

ATM Module hardware.

8-4 C

HAPTER

8: M

ANAGING THE

ATM M

ODULE

Upgradable Software Version

Shows the version

number of agent software stored on the ATM Module

Flash EPROM

(in

Boot Software Version

This is the version number

of the boot software stored on the ATM Module.

You should keep a copy of these version numbers, in case you need to contact IBM technical support.

ATM LEC SETUP

This button takes you to the ATM LEC Setup Screen (as shown in Figure 8-3) which allows you to extend VLANs into the ATM network.

Extending VLANs into the ATM Network

This section describes how to extend VLANs into the ATM networ k. The A TM port can be in one or m ore VLANs. Each VLAN is associated with a LEC on the A TM Module, and each LEC i s m apped to an AT M E L AN.

There are two ways to access the ATM LEC Setup screen:

■

Select the ATM CONFIGURATION option from the Main Menu. The ATM Module Configuration screen is displayed, as shown in Figure 8-2 on page 8-2. Select the ATM LEC SETUP button.

■

Alternatively, if you are already in the ATM Port Setup Screen, as described in “ATM Port Setup” on page 8-6, you can select the CONFIG button to display the ATM Module Configuration screen. An example of the ATM Configuration screen is shown in Figure 8-2 on page 8-2. Select the ATM LEC SETUP button.

An example of the ATM LEC Setup screen is shown in Figure 8-3.

Figure 8-3

Each time you complete the entry fields for a VLAN you must select APPLY to apply the changes. As soon as you select a different VLAN using the VLAN field any edits not already applied, using the APPLY button, are lost.

To set up an ATM VLAN:

Select the VLAN that you wish to configure. Enter the number associated with the VLAN in the designated field. VLAN to LEC mappings are shown in “ATM Port Setup” on page 8-6. The default VLAN is VLAN 1, the

admin You cannot configure VLAN 15 or VLAN 16 when

these VLANs are being used for Auto-Select VLANs and Spanning Tree, respectively.

ATM LEC Setup Screen

VLAN.

Extending VLANs into the ATM Network 8-5

If the VLAN is to be connected to an ELAN, select

If you do not wish the VLAN to be connected to an ELAN, select No.

If there is a LECS cont ro lling ELANs on your network,

it should automatically supply the LES address for the ELAN, and you should select the

Only select the

A LECS is not in use on the network, or

■

The LECS is unaware of the existence of the ELAN

■

Manual

option if:

LECS

option.

to be joined, or You do not wish the LEC to join a LES controlled by

■

a specific LECS.

Manual

is selected , the L ES addr ess field is disp layed on the screen, and you should enter the A TM address of the LES associated with the selected VL AN/ELAN.

Enter the name of the ELAN that the VLAN is to join.

The ELAN must have already been set up in the ATM network and be operational.

Select the APPLY button.

If the LEC associated with the VLAN is activ e when APPLY is selected, it will te mporarily be co me inactiv e while the changes are applied, and you may experience a brief loss of communication on that connection.

Yes

Displa ying all VL ANs

If you wish to display the VLAN membership for all ports on the Switch, complete the following steps. If you wish to configure VLANs for the ATM Module you should use the ATM VLAN Setup screen, as described in “Extending VLANs into the ATM Network” on page 8-4.

Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from the

Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is displayed, as shown in Figure 8-4.

Figure 8-4

Switch Management Screen

For the

Management Level

field, select the

VLAN

option and press the [TAB] key. The screen shown in Figure 8-5 on page 8-6 is displayed.

Select the SETUP button to display the VLAN Setup

screen. An example of the VLAN Setup screen is shown in

Figure 8-6 on page 8-6.

8-6 C

Figure8-5

8: M

HAPTER

VLAN Selected Scr e en

ANAGING THE

ATM M

ODULE

ATM Port Setup

The ATM Port Setup screen allows you to switch the ATM port on or off, and provides status information about the state of the port, and the LECs associated with each of the VLANs. To display the screen:

From the Main Menu select SWITCH MANAGEMENT. The Switch Management screen is d isp l ayed, as shown in Figure 8-4 on page 8-5.

For the

Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the

Port ID

■

Select the SETUP button to display ATM port setup information. An example of the A TM Port Setu p screen is shown in Figure 8-7 on page 8-7.

Management Level

field. For example the ATM port is:

Port 13 on an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 612 and IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch M ode l 712

Port 25 on IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 624 and IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 524

field, select the

Port

option.

Figure8-6

Use [Ctrl]+[D] keys to scroll down the list box to view the rest of the list, including the ATM port.

The ATM port is shown as

AT M Bp

Switch VLAN Setup Screen

ATM

in the

if it has been set up as a backbone port.

Type

field, or as

ATM Port Setup 8-7

Figure8-7

The screen shows the following field s :

Port Port Speed Port State

you wish to allow traffic to pass through this port, select the through the port, select

Link State

connected to the port is capable of transmitting and receiving traffic. The states are:

ATM Port Setup Screen

Identifies the selected port.

Shows the speed of the port connection.

Allows you to turn the port on and off. If

Enable

option. To prevent traffic passing

Disable

Indicates whether the communication link

If the link is

Not Available

and both devices are powered-up and operational, there is a physical problem with your connection. For information about the cause of problems and possible solutions, see Table 8-2.

Table 8-2

Problem Solution

The connectors at either end of the link have come loose, or been accidently pulled out.

The port at the far end of the link is

If you have fiber cable with connectors that can be reversed; the two connectors at one end of the fiber cable may be plugged into the port the wrong way ar ou nd.

The cable is caught under a heavy object or become

bent out of shape. The connector itself is

physically damaged.

Link State Troubleshooting Summary

Ensu re that t he cable is securely connected to the port at both ends of the link.

disabled

Enable the far end port.

Check that each cable connector is connected to the correct port socket. You may need to reverse the TX and RX cable co nnector s a t one end of the link.

Remove any obstructions and straighte n out a ny kinks in the cable.

Contact your repair center for advice. Refer to Appendix E, “Technical Support and Service” for more deta ils.

Present

— the link is capable of transferring traffic; if

the ports are also turned on (

Not Available

— the link is not capable of transferring

traffic.

enabled

To transmit traffic the port must have a

Enabled

and the

Link State

must be

Port State

Present

8-8 C

HAPTER

8: M

ANAGING THE

ATM M

ODULE

Lost Links

The number of times a link was unable to transmit traffic , that i s, the number of times (since the device was reset) that the

Available

LEC States

Shows the status of the LEC for each

Link State

became

Not

VLAN. The state can be:

LEC Active LEC Inact ive LEC Not in Use

— traffic is passing through the LEC.

— traffic is not passing through the LEC.

— you have decided not to connect this VLAN to the ATM network. The VLAN m ay s ti l l be in operation within the Switch.

CONFIG

This button takes you to the ATM Module Configuration screen, which allows you to monitor and set the standards used by the ATM Module to communicate with other ATM devices. The ATM Module Configuration screen is described in “Configuring an ATM Port” on page 8-2.

ARP TABLE

This button takes you to the ARP Table screen, which allows you to displays the AT M and MAC addresses on remote devices. The ARP Table screen is described in “Mapping Far End MAC Addresses” on this page.

Mapping Far End MAC Addresses

To communicate with a device, the software must be able to map the MAC address of the destination device to the destination edge-device’s ATM address.

This mapping is normally performed by the LEC, and for the vast majority of devices you do not need to map MAC addresses to ATM addresses.

The MAC address and ATM address mappings are stored in the LAN Emulation not be confused with the IP ARP Table).

To access the ATM ARP Table screen access the ATM Port Setup screen, as described in “ATM Port Setup” on page 8-6, and then select the ARP TABLE button. An example of the ATM ARP Table screen is shown in Figure 8-8.

ARP Table

(which should

CONNECTI ON TABLE

This button takes you to the ATM Connection Table screen, which allows you to display AT M connection details. The ATM Connection T able is described in “Displaying an ATM Connection” on page 8-10.

Figure 8-8

ATM ARP Table Screen

Mapping Far End MAC Addresses 8-9

Allows you to se le ct a VL A N, and display

VLAN

address information about remote systems connected to that VLAN.

Identifies the selected port.

Port Far MAC Address

Shows the MAC Address on the

edge-device at the far end of the connection.

Far ATM Address

Shows the ATM Addr es s for the LEC on the edge-device at the far end of the connection.

The address entry can be:

Type

Permanent

— The address entries are retained even if the device is reset or a power-off/on cycle occurs. All entries made through this screen are stored as Permanent entries.

Dynamic

— The address entries are aged out after a

set period of time.

Static

— The address entries are discarded when the

switch is reset. The following fields are used in conjunction with the

buttons at the bottom of the screen:

Far MAC Address

Allows you to type in the MAC

address of end-stations in the network.

FIND A TM ADDRESS

This button allows you to locate

the A TM address mapped to a specifie d MAC address.

REFRESH

This button updates the view of the ARP

Table to include the latest available information.

INSERT

This button allows you to create a MAC

Address to ATM address mapping in the ARP Table.

DELETE

This button allows you to delete a MAC

address to ATM address mapping in the ARP Table.

Creating a MAC Address to ATM Entry

An easy way to edit an en try is to sele ct a similar e ntry from the listbox using the spacebar. The far end ATM and MAC addresses of that entry are shown in the edit fields. You can then edit the addresses (without losing or changing the original entry) and select the INSERT button to create a new entry.

If you cannot select an entry in the listbox (because you are creating the first entry), use the following method:

In the

field, type in the MAC

Far MAC Address

address of the device to be added to the database.

In the

field, type in the far end ATM

Far ATM Address

address. Select the INSERT button.

Far ATM Address

Allows you to type in the ATM address of the far end LEC asso ciated with the far end MAC address.

8-10 C

HAPTER

8: M

ANAGING THE

Finding an Address Entry

Far MAC Address

In the address associated with the ATM addr es s you are trying to locate.

Select the FIND ATM ADDRESS but ton. An asteris k (*) is shown next to the entry in the database listbox.

Updating Address Entries

To view up-to-date ARP Table entries, select the REFRESH button.

ATM M

ODULE

field, type in the MAC

Deleting an Address Entry

Within the listbox, use the spacebar to select the entry you wish to delete.

Select the DELETE button.

Displaying an ATM Connection

This section describes how to create and view ATM connections in the ATM Connection Table.

To access the ATM Connection Table screen, access the A TM Po rt Setup screen , as d escribed i n “ATM Port Setup” on page 8-6, and then select the CONNECTION TABLE b ut ton. An example of the ATM Connection Table screen is shown in Figure 8-9.

Figure 8-9

The following fields apply to the listbox:

Port VPI:VCI

the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Circuit Identifier.

End

address is displayed. The options are:

Near Far

connection, for example a LEC in an ATM Switch or attach e d ATM dev ice .

ATM Connection Table Screen

Identifies the selected port.

Identifies the ATM connection by showing

Identifies whether the near or far end LEC ATM

— the details are for the LEC in the A T M Module.

— the details are f or the LEC at th e far end of the

Setting Up Resilient Links 8-11

ATM Address

Shows the ATM address of LEC for

either the ATM Module or the ATM Switch.

Near

is shown in the

End

field, the address is the

address of the LEC in the ATM Module.

Far

is shown in the

End

field, it is the ad dress of the LEC in the AT M Sw it ch o r attached ATM devic e at the far end of the connection.

shows the connection type. The connection

Type

types can be:

Incomin g

— the switched virtual circuit was set up by

the Far End LEC.

Outgoing

— the switched virtual circuit was set up by

the Near End LEC.

Reserved

VPI:VCI

typing in the

Identifier

— a permanent virtual circuit has been set up.

Allows you to specify th e ATM connection by

Virtual Path Identifier

Virtual Channel

and

label s. Alt ernat ivel y , you c an use t he sp aceba r

to select and copy a VPI:VCI entry from the listbox.

FIND ATM ADDRESS

This button allows you to find

an A TM Address.

Finding an ATM Connection

In the VPI:VCI field, type in the ATM Connection you

wish to view. Select the FIND ATM ADDRESS button.

Updating Address Entries

To view up-to-date ATM Connection Table details, select the REFRESH button.

Setting Up Resilient Links

You can protect a critical communication link against failure by ensuring that, should the main communication link fail, a standby duplicate communication link immediately and automatically take s over the task of the main link.

Each main and standby link pair is referred to as a

resi lient link pair

If you wish to setup an ATM port as part of a

■

resilient link, the other port in the resilient link must be a VLANs).

Typically the A TM Module port is paired with a Fast

■

Ethernet port on the ATM Switch.

Virtual LAN T runk

(a member of all

REFRESH

This button allows you to update the view

of ATM connection details.

8-12 C

HAPTER

8: M

ANAGING THE

ATM M

ODULE

Every 2 minutes the Switch checks the resili ent links to ensure that the fastest link is the Main (active) link in the resilient link pair. If the fastest link is not the Main (acti ve ) lin k, th e Switch automa t ic a lly makes it the Main (active) link, on the condition that:

■

There have not been any 2 minutes on the faster link that will become the Main (active) link.

■

The faster link has been up for 2 minutes.

See the guide which accompanies your Switch for more details about setting up resilient links.

Upgradin g Sof tw are

The ATM Module has its own software which is upgraded independently of the Switch software.

You may ne ed to u p grad e the s o ftware on the ATM Module or Switch if IBM produces a new v ersion of the code, or if the existing code has somehow become corrupted.

The replacement software image must be held or placed on a local server which supports the

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

Select the SOFTWARE UPGRADE option from the Main Menu. An example of the Software Upgrade screen is shown in Figure 8-10.

Lost Links

within the last

Figure 8-10

Complete the following fields:

Destination

wish to receive the upgraded software. If you are upgrading the software on the ATM Module, select the ATM Module option.

File Name

on the server for this type of device.

Server Address

server holding the upgrade file.

If the upgrade is interrupted, due to a power failure for example, when the device powers up again, the MGMT LED is lit green and flashes to indicate that an upgrade is taking place, and the Module LED on the Switch is lit Yellow. The device attempts to download the last specified software image file.

Software Upgrade Screen

Specify the type of device which you

Specify the name of the upgrade file held

Specify the IP (or IPX) address of the

Upgr adin g So ftwar e 8-13

When the OK button is selected, the status of the upgrade is displayed. The following error and status messages are available:

Error Messages

This secti on l ists error mess ages th at may appear if an error occurs while downloading a new software image, and suggests solutions to the problem.

File Not Found

The file you require is not on the specified TFTP server . You need to specify a different TFTP serv er o r t rans f er the file you require to the correct directory on the TFTP server and try again.

Access Violation

You do not have access permissions to this file or director y. Ensure that the access permissions are changed.

Load server failed to respond

Communication with the TFTP server could not be established. Ensure that the workstation on which the TF TP ser ver is set up is operating and that the network connection has been set up correctly.

The file you want to download may have been corrupted. You should obtain a valid file and try again.

The record type is not recognized

The file you want to download may have been corrupted, or is not the correct type of file for the selected device. You should obtain a valid file and try again.

Record checksum error

The file you want to download has been corrupted. In this case you should either retry with the current file, or obtain a valid file and try again.

The device type in the file is incorrect

The file you are trying to download is not suitable for the selected device. Ensure that you select either a differ ent file or a dif fer ent de vice, befor e you try again.

The software image is not suitab le for this version of the hardware

The file you are trying to download is not suitable for the selected device. Ensure that you select either a differ ent file or a dif fer ent de vice, befor e you try again.

The download could not be started be cause o f a lack of resources

You are trying to download a file which requires more memory th an is av a ila ble .

The record length differs from that implied by the value of the record length field.

Timeout

The operation to download the software failed after the operation timed-out. This may be due to a poor network connection, so try again.

If you see any other messages you should make a note of the message and contact your supplier.

8-14 C

HAPTER

8: M

Status Messages

This section lists status messages that can appear when you download new software images to a device.

Active

The file is currently being downloaded to the selected device. Allow time for the download to complete.

Down load successfu l

The file you chose to download to the selected device was downloaded successfull y.

Load Paused

The download failed and another attempt will be made. The download may have failed due to network re-configuration.

ANAGING THE

ATM M

ODULE

ONITORING THE

ATM M

ODULE

This chapter describes how to monitor the status and performance of your ATM Module.

Figure 9-1 shows the screen map. Monitoring screens are shaded gray to help you locate the screens you need.

Figure9-1

Status Monitoring Screen Map

9-2 C

HAPTER

9: M

ONITORING THE

ATM M

ODULE

Statistics Overview

This section provi des a brief overview of the additi onal statistics that are availabl e w h en you install an ATM Module. Refer to the user guide that accompanies the Switch for informat i on about the statistics that are provided by the Switch software.

Table 9-1 groups the available statistics into logical categories, and tells you where each statistic is located.

Table 9-1

Monitoring Use Backbone

To estimate the amount of traffic down the backbon e.

Physical Connection

To check that the physical conn ection is ope rational.

Statistics and Status Summary

ATM Port Statistics screen:

■

Transmit Bandwidth Used

■

Receive Ban dwidth Used

ATM Physical Layer Statistics screen:

■

Errored Seconds (Near)

■

Errored Seconds (Far)

■

Severe Errored Sec (Near)

■

Severe Errored Sec (Far)

■

Coding Violations (Near)

■

Coding Violations (Far)

■

Unavailable Seconds (Near)

■

Unavailable Seconds (Far)

Table 9-1

Statistics and Status Summary

Monitoring Use VLAN/ELAN

To monitor the state of the LEC to LES set up process.

To monitor Ethernet traffic on the VLAN.

ATM

To monitor ATM traffic.

AAL5

To monitor AAL5 traffic.

ATM VLAN LEC Stat us Screen:

■

LEC State

■

LEC ELAN Name

■

LEC ATM Addre ss

■

Last LEC Failure Reason

■

LEC Operation at Failure

■

Frames Received

■

Frames Transmitted

■

Octets Received

■

Octets Transmitted

ATM Port Statistics screen:

■

Cells Received

■

Cells Transmitted

■

Errored Cells

■

Bad VCC Received

ATM Port Statistics screen:

■

Frames Received

■

Frames Transmitted

■

Octets Received

■

Octets Transmitted

■

Errored Frames

■

Discarded Frames

ATM Port Statistics screen:

■

Receive Errors

ATM Module statistics screens are updated every 2 seconds to show the latest information.

ATM Port Statistics

The A TM Po rt Stati st ic s screen provides a top level summary of traffic levels on the ATM Port. You can use the summary to estimate the amount of traffic on your network backbone, and to check the health of the incoming connection. Statistics are grouped into:

AT M Port Bandwidth use and incoming connection

■

health. AAL5 layer health and use.

■

ATM layer health and use.

■

To view the ATM Port statistics: Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from th e

Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is displayed, as shown in Figure 9-2.

Select the STATS b ut ton to display the ATM Port

Statistics screen. An example of the A TM Port Statistic s screen is shown

in Figure 9-3.

Figure 9-3

The figures shown for each statistic on this screen include ATM management traffic and normal Ethernet traffic.

ATM Port Statistics 9-3

ATM Port Statistics Screen

Figure9-2

Enter the number of t he ATM port in the

Switch Management Screen

Port ID

field.

The ATM Port Statistics screen displays the following fields:

Port ID Transmit Bandwidth Used

Identifies the currently selected port.

Shows the percentage of available transmit bandwidth that is currently being used by transmit cells.

Receive Bandwidth U sed

Shows the percentage of available receive bandwidth that is currently being used by received cells.

9-4 C

HAPTER

9: M

ONITORING THE

ATM M

ODULE

Receive Errors

Shows the percentage of cells received that have errors. For example, cells received with corrupted header information (

Control – HEC

Header Error

Receive Errors indicate that there is something wrong with the link, and you should check for the following faults:

■

Weak transmitter. Contact your supplier or Technical Support, as described in Appendix E.

■

The optic fiber cable is too long or does not meet other technical specifications. Check the cable against th e t e chn i ca l sp e c if ica t ion given in Appendix C, “ATM Module Technical Specifications”.

■

The optic fiber connectors are dirty. To clean the connectors, follow the instructions given in “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors”, on page D-24.

■

If there is no traffic on the port, but there are Receive Errors , the SONET

Scramble

techniques on the ATM Module and ATM Switch are probably incompatible. Ensure that the SONET standards used are the same for the ATM Module and the ATM Switch.

The screen al so shows the AAL5 l ayer sta tistic s. AA L is a set of protocols that translate user traffic from higher-layer applications/protocols into small, fixed size cells, and reassembles them into the higher level frame format at the destination device. The ATM Module supports AAL5. The screen shows the following AAL5 Layer statistics:

Frames Received

The number of frames received per second at the AAL5 interface for all traffic types ( data and control).

Frames Transmitted

The number of frames transmitted per second at the AAL5 interface for all traffic types (data and control).

Errored Frames

The number of frames received that

contain an error.

Octets Received

The number of Ethernet octets

received at the AAL5 interface.

Octets Transmitted

The number of Ethernet octets

transmitted at the AAL5 interface.

Discarded Frames

The number of frames discarded

at the AAL5 interface due to lack of resources.

ATM VLAN LEC Status 9-5

The screen also shows the following ATM statisti cs:

Cells Received

The number of ATM cells received by

the port.

Cells Transmitted

The number of AT M cells

transmitted per second by the port.

Errored Cells

an error, for example, cells that have

Control (HEC)

Bad VCC Received

The number of ATM cells that contain

Header Error

errors.

The number of cells received where the specified connection is not recognized by the A TM Module (that is, the connection is not shown in the ATM Module Connection Table).

The following buttons are available on this screen:

CLEAR SCREEN COUNTERS

T o make it easier to note the changes in statistic values, you can use this button to reset the value of statistics shown on the screen to zero. Resetting the values shown on the screen does not reset the statistic values stored on this device.

This button takes you to the ATM VLAN LEC

LEC

Status screen , which al lows you to monitor th e health of LECs and identifies the cause of any connection failures. The A TM VLAN LEC Status scr een is descr ibed in “ATM VLAN LEC Status” on this page.

ATM VLAN LEC Status

The A TM VLAN L EC Statu s scr een show s LEC stat isti cs for the ATM port. You can use the status information to monitor the health of a VLAN’s LEC and to track down the cause of any pr oblems. Y ou can also m onitor the amount of Ethernet traffic on the selected VLAN.

To access VLAN statistics, first access the ATM Port Statistics screen, as descri be d i n “ATM Po rt Statistics” on page 9-3, and then select the LEC button.

An example of the ATM VLAN LEC Status screen is shown in Figure 9-4.

Figure 9-4

ATM VLAN LEC Status Screen

PHYSICAL

This button takes y ou to t he Physical L ayer Statistics Screen, which allows you to monitor the health of the physical connection, and is more useful in a WAN environment. The Physical Layer Statistics Screen is described in “ATM Physical Layer Statistics” on page 9-10.

9-6 C

HAPTER

9: M

ONITORING THE

ATM M

ODULE

Port ID VLAN

Identifies the currently selected port.

Allows you to select the VLAN you wish to monitor. The default is VLAN 1. If you wish to review the state of all VLANs on the ATM Module, see “A TM Port Setup” on page 8-6.

LEC State

Shows the state of the LEC to LES

communication. The states are shown in Table 9-2.

Table 9-2

LEC State Description

Active The LEC is in use. Inactive The LEC is not in use. The LEC may be

Not in Use You have specified that the LEC is not

LEC ELAN Name

LEC St ate Summary

inactive because it has not been able to establish communication with the LES and BUS , or because the A T M port has been disabled by management.

required at the present time.

Shows the name of the ELAN that

the VLAN/L EC ha s jo ine d.

LEC ATM Address

Shows the ATM Address of the

LEC associated with the selected VLAN.

Last LEC Failure Reason

If the LEC configuration fails, the last know failur e st ate is shown. The failu re state can be used to identify the cause of the failure. The failure state and possible causes are shown in Table 9-3.

Table 9-3

State Possible Causes Possible Solutions None

Timeout

A task could not be completed within its allotted time frame.

Undefined Error

An error has occu rred but no cause can be identified.

Version Not Supported

LANE 1.0 not supported.

(continued)

Last LEC Failure Reason

The L EC is either inactive or has successfully completed the operation.

The software has been set up to use a LECS, but a LECS is either not present on t he ne twork or broken.

The LES for th e EL AN is not functioning correctly

Unknown. Contact Technical

The LANE services you are trying to connect to, do not support LANE version 1.0.

None required.

If there is a LECS on your network, ensure that it is operational and on part of the network that can be accessed by the ATM Module.

If a LECS is not present on the network, you must enter the LES Address for each ELAN manually using the A TM VLAN Setup Scr een (see “Extendin g VLA Ns into the ATM Network” on page 8-4).

Contact Technical Support.

Support.

Ensure that the LANE Services use LAN E 1.0 .

ATM VLAN LEC Status 9-7

Table 9-3

State Possible Cau ses Possible Solutions Invalid Request

Parameters

The L ES/LE CS has rejected a request from the LEC because the request parameters were incompatible with the ELAN.

Duplicate LAN Destination

A destinatio n so ur c e MAC address duplicates a previously registered MAC address.

Last LEC Failure R eason

The LEC may be requesting a resource that is on an ELAN which has a different LAN type to the LEC.

The frame size used could be wrong .

The LES has received a request from a LEC which conta ins a MAC address already registered to anot her LEC on the same ELAN.

Yo u m ay have accide ntally en tered the same MAC addresses twice.

Check the underlying media for both the ELAN and the LEC requesting the service.

Check the frame sizes being used.

Ensu re that MAC addresses are unique.

Table 9-3

State Possible Causes Possible Solutions Duplicated ATM

Address

A source ATM addres s dupli ca tes a previously registered ATM address.

(continued)

Last LEC Failure Reason

The LES has received a request from a LEC which cont ains an ATM address already registered to another LEC on the same ELAN.

For example, if a LES is faulty, when a LEC disconnects from the LES, the LES might fail to register the change. When the LEC tries to rejoin the LES, the LES still has that LEC’s ATM address in its database , and thinks that two devices have the same ATM address.

You may have accidentally entered the same ATM addresses twice.

Ensure that ATM addresses are unique. Check the LES database for dup li ca te addresses.

9-8 C

HAPTER

9: M

ONITORING THE

ATM M

ODULE

Table 9-3

Last LEC Failure R eason

State Possible Cau ses Possible Solu ti o ns Insufficient

Resources

There are insufficient resources to grant a

Too many connections have been requested and the tables used by the LES may be full, and the connection cannot be set up.

You may wish to consider extending or restructuring your network.

request.

The ATM Switch is busy and cannot provide LECS functionality.

There is a mismatch between the VPI/ VCI

Use a separa te ATM Switch for LECS functionality.

Make the MAX VPI/VCI

Bits compatible. range supported by adjacent ATM devices.

Example:

If Switch A supports VPI/VCI values 7:511 and Switch B only supports values up to 7:255, w hen Si gn all ing trie s to set up a connect ion usi n g the VPI/VCI value 7:256, Switch B rejects the connection.

Access Denied

The L ES has denied

The LEC is t rying to j oin an ELAN that it is not allowed to access.

Check your LANE

Services setup.

the LEC access to the ELAN for security reasons.

(continued)

Table 9-3

Last LEC Failure Reason

State Possible Causes Possible Solutions Invalid

Requestor ID

LEC Identifier

The

(LECID)

is not zero,

There is a problem with the LEC software.

Contact 3Com Support.

or is not recognize d as this LEC’s LECID.

Invalid LAN Destination

You are trying to register a mu lticas t address with th e L ES.

You may have configured an illegal Local Administration Address.

Check that the Local Administrat i on Address is valid.

Local Administration Address setup is beyond the scope of this guide.

Invalid ATM Address

Source or

The ATM address field may have been corrupted or not in the correct fo rmat .

Cont act yo ur supplier or 3Com Technical Support.

destination ATM address is not in a recognized format.

For example, it may b e in E.164 when OSI N-SAP address coding is required.

No Configuration

The LECS/LES does

The MAC address may be invalid.

Check that each MAC address on your

network is unique. not recognize the LEC or the requested ELAN

The LEC may be requesting a resource

Check the LAN type

used.

that is on an ELAN which has a differ ent LAN type to the LEC.

You may have entered an invalid ELAN name.

Check that the ELAN

name is correct, and

the EL AN has been set

up correctly.

ATM VLAN LEC Status 9-9

Table 9-3

State Possible Cau ses Possible Solutions LE_CONFIGURE

Error

This state may be given to refuse a service without giving a specific reason.

Insufficient Information

The LEC has not provided sufficient information to allow the LECS to assign it to a spec ific ELAN.

Last LEC Failure R eason

The information provided by t he LEC may be invalid.

You m ay have entered an invalid ELAN name.

The MAC address may be invalid.

The LEC may be requesting a resource that is on an ELAN which has a different LAN type to the LEC.

You m ay have entered an invalid ELAN name.

As this state is used to indicate a range of problem s, you shou l d chec k the other st ates and solutions described in this table. If this does not resolve the problem contact 3Com Technical Support.

Check that the ELAN name is correct, and the ELAN has bee n set up correctly.

Check that each MAC address on your network is unique.

Check the LAN type used.

Check that the ELAN name is correct, and the ELAN has bee n set up correctly.

Table 9-4

Operation Description None Calling LECS

Reading Configuration from LECS

Joining LES

Initial Registration

Connecting to BUS

Operational

LEC Operation at Failu re

There are no known operation failures. The LEC is trying to connect to the

LECS to receive LANE configuration information.

The LEC receives configuration information from the LECS in preparation for joining the LES.

The LEC is trying to join the ELAN by registering itself with the LES that controls that ELAN.

When the LEC has joined the LES, it is given a unique

Identifier (LECID)

LAN’s maxim um frame si ze, and knows its LAN type (either Ethernet or Token Ring).

After joining, a LEC can register any number of MAC addresses and/or Route Descriptors (for Token Ring implementations).

In order to establish a connection to the

Broadcast and Unknown Server

the LEC requir es the broadcast

(BUS)

address. It requests the broadcast address from the LES.

The LEC is now part of the ELAN.

LAN Emulation Client

, knows the Emulated

LEC Operation at Failure

Identifies the operation that was being carried out when the LEC setup failed. This field should be used in conjunction with the Last LEC Failure Reason to identify the cause of the problem. The possible operations are shown in Table 9-4.

9-10 C

HAPTER

9: M

ONITORING THE

ATM M

ODULE

Frames Received

The number of Ethernet frames

received by the LEC.

Frames Transmitted

The number of Ethernet frames

transmitted by the LEC.

Octets Received

The number of Ethernet octets

received by the LEC.

Octets Transmitted

The number of Ethernet octets

transmitted by the LEC. If you see the following symptoms, there may be a

problem at the ATM Switch end of the connection: The LEC is

None

active

and the

, but the frames or octets counters are showing

LEC Operation at Failure

zero.

If you have followed the troubleshooting instructions in this section and within Appendix D, and you still have a problem, contact IBM Technical Support. Refer to Appendix E for details.

The following button is availabl e on this screen:

CLEAR SCREEN COUNTERS

ATM Physical Layer Statistics

The Physical Layer Statistics screen shows

SDH STM-1

and to track down problems with the physical connection, and are more useful in a WAN environment.

To access Physical Layer stati s ti cs, first access the A TM Port Statistics screen, as described in “ATM Port Statistics” on page 9-3, and then select the PHYSICAL button.

An example of the Physical Layer Statistics screen is shown in Figure 9-5 on page 9-11, and the statistics are described in the following text.

Identifies the currently selected port.

Port OCD State

state. The OCD State is set to consecutive cells have had Header Error Control violations. This implie s that the cell has been corrupted and that there is probably a hardware problem with the ATM Module or A TM Switch.

The OCD State is only set to OK when six good cells are received by the ATM Module followed by approximately 10 seconds of good signal from the ATM fiber optic cable.

error statistics. These statistics are used

Shows the

Out of Cell Delineation (OCD)

Fail

when seven

SONET STS-3c

ATM Physical Layer Statistics 9-11

Physical Layer statistics are broken down into the following layers:

Figure9-5

Current Sample

elapsed within the current sampling period. SONET/SDH counters are acc u mul ated over a period

of 15 minutes (900 seconds). At the end of the 15 minute sampling period, the software stores the results of the current sampling period, and resets the values shown o n the screen to zero .

The results of the previous 96 sampling periods can be accessed through the SONET MIB using a MIB Browser.

Physical Layer Statistics

Specifies the number of seconds

■

— The Path Layer deals with the mapping of

Path

ATM cells to SONET or SDH frames. The ATM Module supports 1 path.

■

— The Line Layer provides synchronization

Line

and multiplexing functions for the Path Layer across the physical medium.

■

Section

— The Section Layer deals with framing,

scrambling, and section error monitoring.

Physical Layer errors are measured in units called

Seconds:

In the following statistics a errored if it contains a

coding violation

each

Second

is a second in time

second

is cons idered

Coding Violation

occurs when the parity check in the SONET or SDH frame indicates that the cell payload has been corrupted.

second

A 16

coding violations

A errored A consecutive

is considered severely errored if it contains

coding violations

for a path or section, or 32

for a line counter.

second

is unavailable if 10 continuous severely

seconds

second

are seen at the ATM interface.

becomes available agai n, when 10

seconds

are received that are not severely

errored.

9-12 C

HAPTER

9: M

ONITORING THE

ATM M

ODULE

The following statistic s are available:

Errored Seconds (Near)

seconds

at the ATM Module end of the connection.

Errored Seconds (Far)

The number of errored

The number of

seconds

at the

ATM Switch end of the connection.

Severe Errored Sec (Near)

errored

seconds

at the ATM Module end of the

The number of severely

connection.

Severe Errored Sec (Far)

errored

seconds

at the ATM Swit ch end of the

The number of severely

connection.

Coding Vi ol ati ons (Near)

violations

that have occurred at the ATM Module end

The number of c

oding

of the connection.

Coding Vi ol ati ons (Far)

violations

that have occurred at the ATM Switch end

The number of

coding

of the physical connection.

Unavailable Seconds (Near)

seconds

that were unavailable at the ATM interface

The number of

on the ATM Module.

Unavailable Seconds (Far)

The number of

seconds

that were unavailable at the ATM interface on the ATM Switch.

Using Physical Layer Statistics to Troubleshoot

This section describes how to use the physical layer statistics to track and resolve problems.

If no values are shown on the screen, the problem probably lies with the ATM Switch rather than the ATM Module. Follow the troubleshooting information in the user guide that accompanies your A TM Switch.

High values usuall y indicate that the SON ET stan dar ds are incompatibl e, or that there is a f ault on the cable. Use the following troubleshooting suggestions to try and resolve the problem:

Check that the ports at both end of the link are

enabled

Check that the cable i s secur ely connected to the port

at both ends of the link.

Check each end of the cable to ensure that each of the fiber connectors is correctly connected. If you have connectors that can be reversed, you may need to reverse the TX and RX cable connectors at one end of the link.

Make sure that the cable does not exceed the cable length or other technical specifications. Check the cable against the technical specification given in Appendix C.

Remove any obstructions and straighten out any kinks in the cable.

If you suspect that the fiber optic connector is dirty, refer to “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors” on page D-24.

If you suspect that the fiber optic cable is not

working, replace the cable with a cable known to be working, and check the Link Status LED.

Check that the cable has not been accidently plugged

into an FDDI connector at one end of the connection. Check that the ATM Module and ATM Switch are

using compatible transmit clocking options. Check that the Line Rate settings on the two devices

are co mpatible. If there is still a problem, contact your repair center

for advice. For more details, refer to Appendix E.

ATM Physical Layer Statistics 9-13

9-14 C

HAPTER

9: M

ONITORING THE

ATM M

ODULE

AFETY INFORMATION

You must read the following safety information before carrying out any installation or remov al of components, or any m aintenance procedures on the Switch.

Safety No tices

Safety notices are printed throughout this manual.

DANGER

dures that can result in death or severe personal injury. CAUTION notices warn you o f conditions or procedures that can cause personal injury that is neither lethal not extremely hazardous.

World Trade Safety Information

Some countries require the safety information contained in publications to be presented in their national languages. Before using an English-language publication to set up , install, or operate this IBM product, you first should become familiar with the related safety information.

DANGER: Before you begin to install this product, read the safety information in Caution: Safety Infor- mation – Read This First, SD21-0030. This booklet describes safe procedures for cabling a nd plugging in electrical equipment.

notices warn yo u of conditions or p roce-

Varning — livs fara: Innan d u börja installera den här produkten bör du läsa säkerhetsinformtionen i dokumentet Varning: Säkerhetsföreskrifter – Läs detta först, SD21-0030. Där beskrivs hur du på ett säkert sätt ansluter elektrisk utrustning.

Fare: Før du begynner å installere dette produktet, må du lese sikkerhetsinformasjonen i Advars el: Si k- kerhetsinformasjon – Les dette først, SD21-0030 som beskriver sikkerhetsrutinene for kabling og tilkobling av elektrisk utstyr.

Fare: Før du installerer dette produkt, skal du læse sikkerhedsforskrifterne i NB: Sikkerhedsforskrifter – Læs dette først, SD21-0030. Vejiedningen beskriver den fremgangsmåde, d u skal bruge v ed tilslutning af kabier og udstyr.

Gevarr: Voordat u begint met de installatie van dit produkt, moet u eerst de veiligheidsinstructies lezen in de brochure PAS OP! Veiligheidsinstructie s – Lees dit eerst, SD21-0030. Hierin wordt be schreven hoe u electrische apparatuur op een veilige manier moet bekabelen en aansluiten.

A-2 A

PPENDIX

A: S

AFETY INFORMATION

Gevarr:

Voordat u begint met het installeren van dit produkt, dient u eerst de veiligheidsrichtlijnen te lezen die zijn vermeld in de publikatie

Safety Informtion – Read This First

Caution:

, SD21-0030. In dit boekje vindt u veilige p rocedures voor het aansluiten van elektrische appratuur.

Vo rsi cht:

begonnen wird, die Sicherheitshinweise in

Sicherheitsinformationen – Bitte zuerst lesen

Bevor mit der Installation des Produktes

Achtung:

, IBM Form SD21-0030. Diese Veröffentlichung beschreibt die Sicherheitsvorkehrungen für das Verkabeln und Anschließen elktrisc her Geräte.

Danger:

sultez le livret

rité – Lisez-moi d'abord,

Avant d'installer le présent produit, con-

Attention: Informations pour la sécu-

SD21-0030, qu i décrit les procédures à respecter pour effectuer les opérations de câblage et brancher les équipements électriques en toute sécurité.

Danger:

Avant de procéder à l'installation de ce produit, lisez d'abord les consignes de sécurité dans la brochure

lire au préalable

ATTENTION: Consignes de sécurité – A

, SD21-0030. Cette brochure décrit les procédures pour câbler et connecter les appareils électriques en toute sécurité.

Perigo:

leia as informações de segurança

mações de Segurança – Leia Primeiro

Antes de iniciar a instalação deste produto,

Cuidado: Infor-

, SD21-0030. Este documento descreve como efectuar, de um modo seguro, as ligações eléctricas dos equipamentos.

Peligro:

lea la informaci ón de segurid ad en

mación de Seguridad – Lea Esto Primero

Antes de empez ar a instalar este producto,

Ate nc ión : In fo r-

, SD21-0030. Este doc umento describe lo s procedimientos de se guridad para cablear y enchufar equipos eléctricos.

Perigo:

Antes de começ ar a instalar este produto,

leia as informações de segurança contidas em

Cuidado: Informações Sobre Segurança – Leia Isto Primeiro

, SD21-0030. Esse folheto descreve procedimentos de segura nça para a insta lação de cabos e conexões em e quipamentos elétricos.

VARRA:

nuks en, lu e julk aisuss a

tämä ensin

Ennen kuin aloitat tämän tuotteen asen-

Varoitus: Turvaohjeet – Lue

, SD21-0030, olevat turvaohj eet. Tässä kirjasessa on ohjeet siitä, miten sähkölaitteet kaapeloidaan ja kytketään turvallisesti.

Pericolo:

prima di iniziare l'installazione di questo prodotto, l eggere le infor mazioni relative alla sicurezza riportate nell'opuscolo

Attenzion: Infor-

mazioni di sicurezza – Prime informazioni da leggere

in cui sono descritte le procedure per il cablaggio ed il collegamento di apparecchiature elettriche.

Vigyázat: Mielôtt megkezdi a berendezés üzembe helyezését, olvassa el a Caution: Safety Information – Read This First, SD21-0030 könyvecskében leírt biztonság i információk at. Ez a könyv leír ja, milyen biztonsági intézkedéseket kell megtenni az elektromos berendezés huzalozásakor illetve csatlakoztatásakor.

Pozor: Preden zaènete z i nstalacijo tega produkta prebertte poglavje: 'Opozorilo: Informacije o varnem rokovanju - preberi pred upo rabo,” SD21-0030. To poglavje opisuje pravilne postopke za kabliranje,

Safety Notices A-3

A-4 A

Neodstraňujte desky modulů, pokud je připojeno napájení.

PPENDIX

A: S

AFETY INFORMATION

ATTENTION

LED

Klasse 1

Appareil a LED

de Classe 1

DANGER:

Class 1

LED Product

Luokan 1

LEDLAITE

Installa tion a nd remo val of the u nit must

be carried out by qualified personnel only.

DANGER:

L'insta llation et l'en lèveme nt de l'unité doivent être faits seulement par le personnel qualifié.

DANGER:

Ein- und Ausbau des Gerätes ist nur von Fachpersonal vorzunehmen.

Gevaar!

De eenheid m ag alleen worden geïn-

stalleerd of verwijderd doorbevoegde pe rsonen.

Verra:

Yksikön saavat asentaa ja irrottaa vain tähän

koulutetut henkilöt.

Pericolo:

L’installazione e la rimozione d ell’unità devono essere eseguite esclusivamente da personale specializzato.

Fare:

Det er bare kvalifisert personale som kan

installere og ta ut enheten.

Perigo:

A instalação e a remoção da unidade devem ser efectuadas apenas por pessoal qualificado.

Peligro:

La instalación y extracción de la unidad

debe efectuarseúnicamente por personal cualificado.

Fara:

Installation och flyttning av enhe ten måste

utföras av utbildad personal.

Perigo:

A instalação e remoção da unidade deve ser

feita apenas porpessoal especializado.

Fare!

Installation og afmontering af enheden skal

udføres afuddannet personale.

Gevaar:

Installa tie en verwijd ering van de eenheid moet uitsluitend worden uitgevoerd door getraind personeel.

Монтаж и демонтаж оборудования должен выполнять только квалифицированный персонал.

Safety Notices A-5

DANGER: This unit opera tes under SELV conditions (Safety Extra Low Voltage) according to IEC 950, the conditions of which are maintained only if the equipment to which it is connected is also operational under SELV.

DANGER: Cette unité marche sous les c onditions SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) conformément à IEC 950, ces conditions sont m aintenues seule ment si le matériel auquel elle est branchée, est aussi en exploitation sous SELV.

DANGER: Das Gerät wird mit Sicherheits-Kleinspannung nach IEC 950 (SELV = Safety Extra Low Voltage) betrieben. Angeschloßen werden können nur Geräte, die ebenfalls nach SELV b etrieben werden.

Gevarr: Deze eenheid w erkt onder SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) volgens IEC 950, waarvan de voorwaarden alleen beho uden blijven indien d e apparatuur waarop het is aangesloten, ook onder SELV werkt.

Perigo: Esta unidade funciona sob condições SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) de acordo com IEC 950 mas, essa situação é mantida apenas se oequipamento ao qual ela est conectada tamb ém funcionar sob a condição SELV.

Fare! Denne enh ed fungerer ved svagstrøm i henhold til betingelsern ei IEC 950. D isse betingelser overholdes kun, hvis det udstyr, enheden er sluttet til, også fungerer ved svagstrøm.

A-6 A

PPENDIX

A: S

AFETY INFORMATION

Gervaar:

Deze eenheid werkt onder extra lage spanning (SELV, Safety Extra Low Voltage) volgens norm IEC 950. E r wordt uitsluitend aan de ze norm voldaan zolang de appa ratuur waarmee de ee nheid is verbonden, ook werkt on der SELV.

Vaara:

Tämä yksikkö sisältää kansainvälisen turvastandardin IEC 950 mukaisia SELV (Safety Extra LowVoltage) -suojajännitepiirejä. Yksikkö täyttää standardissa kuvatut ehdot vain, jos laite, johonyksikkö liitetään, käyttää SELV-piirejä.

Pericolo:

Questa unità funz iona in condizioni di bassissima tensionedi sicurezza (SELV, Safety Extra Low Voltage) secondo l’IEC 950.Tali condizioni so no rispettate solo se anche l’apparecchiaturaa cui l’unità è collegata funziona in SELV.

Fare:

Dette utstyret drives med strøm fra kretser med ekstra lav spenning (SELV-kretser) i henhold til standarden IEC 950. Denne spenningen opprettholdes kun dersom utsty ret som det er koblet til, også drives av såkalte SELV-kretser.

Perigo:

Esta unidade funciona sob condições SELV (Safety Extra LowVoltage - Tensão Muito Baixa, de Segurança), de acordo com anorma IEC 950. O estabelecido nesta norma só poderá ser mantidose o equipamento ao qual a unidade for ligada também funcionarsob aquelas condições SELV.

Peligro:

Esta unidad opera bajo condiciones SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage /Voltaje Extra Bajo de Seguridad) de acuerdo a la norma IEC 950, sibien tales condiciones únicam ente se mantienen s i el equipo alque se conec tan es asimismo ope racional bajo SELV.

Fara:

Den här enheten arbetar under villkoren för kyddsklenspänning (Safety Extra Low Voltage) enligt IEC 950. Dessa villkor uppfylls endast om utrustning till vilken enheten ansluts också arbetar med skyddsklenspänning.

Это устройство работает по стандарту IEC 950 в условиях Безопасно низкого напряжения (SELV) только при условии, что все оборудование в цепи отвечает стандартам SELV.

Safety Notices A-7

A-8 A

PPENDIX

A: S

AFETY INFORMATION

CREEN

CCESS

IGHTS

This appendix lists the security access level you must have to be able to access the ATM Module local management screens, and lists the type of action that can be performed for each security level.

This appendix only covers screens specifically associated with ATM functionality. Refer to the user guide which accompanies your IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch for additional screen access rights.

The general actions that can be performed by users for each of the security access levels is as follows:

Security/Specialist — read and write Manager — read and write Monitor/Secure Monitor — read only

Table B-1 shows the ac cess rights re quired for eac h o f the A TM screens.

Table B-1

Screen Available to access level... ATM Mod ul e

Configur at io n ATM LEC Setup

ATM ARP Table

ATM Port Setup

ATM Connection Table

ATM Physical Layer

ATM Port Statistics

ATM VLAN LEC Statu s

Access Rights

Manager Security

Security Manager

Manager Monitor Secu rit y

Manager Monitor Security

Manager Monitor Secu rity

B-2 A

PPENDIX

B: S

CREEN ACCESS RIGHTS

ATM M

ODULE

ECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Environmental Specifications

The environmental specifications for the ATM Module are shown in Table C-1.

Table C-1

Operating Temperature 0 to 50° C / 32 to 122°F Operating Humidity 10–95% relative humidity,

Standards EN60068 (IEC68)

Safety Agency Certifications UL 1950,

Electrom agn etic Emi ssi on s (Agency Certification)

Environ men tal Specification s

non-condensing

EN60950, CSA 22.2 No. 950, ECMA 97

EN55022 Class B, FCC Part 15 Class A, C108.8-M1983 Class A, EN 50082-1 (IEC801 Parts 2-5), EN60555 Part 2

ATM Cable Specification

In addition to adhering to your local standards, all cables must conform to:

The American National Standard ATM Physical Layer Medium Dependent (PMD) standard, ISO.166-1990, American National Standards Institute.

The ATM cable you connect to the A TM Module must conform to the Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF-PMD) standard defined by ANSI x.3-166-1992.

IBM supports 62.5/125mm Multi-Mode Fi ber (MMF-PMD). The maximum inter-station distance (including device-to-network connectors) should not exceed 2 kilometers (1.25 miles).

Table C-2 on page C-2 shows the cable specifications for standard multi-mode cabling.

C-2 A

PPENDIX

C: ATM M

ODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Table C-2

Specification Description

Core 62.5µm diameter Cladding 125µm diameter nominal

Numerical aperture 0.275 Maximum attenuation 11dB (including 1dB allowed for

Modal bandwidth 500 MHz.km Maximum distance between

nodes Output power (from transceiver) -20dB minimum

Receiver power -31dB minimum sensitivity

Standard Multi-mode Cable Specifications

122µm minimum 128µm maximum

reflection and dispersion penalties)

2km (1.25 miles)

-14dB maximum

-14dB ma ximum sensitivity

Maximum attenuation includes attenuation and the loss induced by other components such as connectors, splices, and the mating of unlike fiber types. Although some 2km (1.25 miles) cables have a total attenuation of less than 11dB, the 2km (1.25 miles) inter-station distance m ust be mai ntai ne d to comply with modal bandwidth requirements.

The maximum attenuation value in this table is based on a cable diameter of 62.5, 80 or 100mm.

Table C-3 shows the alternative Multi-Mode fiber types that can be used.

Table C-3

Core (Pm) Cladding (Pm) Numerical Aperture

50 125 0.20 50 125 0.22 85 125 0.28 100 140 0.29

Alternative Multi-mode Cable Specifications

If you are using fiber with a diameter of 50mm and have IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch equipment at both ends of the link, substitute 8.0dB for the maximum attenuation. If IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch equipment is only at one end, substitute 6.0dB for the maximum attenuation value.

If you are using equipment at the end of the link from a vendor other than IBM, you must perform a separate loss budget analysis. Contact the vendor(s) for values to use in your analysis.

Does the Cable Provide Sufficient Bandwidth?

Bandwidth for multi-mode fiber is referred to as modal bandwidth because it varies with the modal field (or core diameter) of the fiber.

Modal bandwidth is specified in units of MHz.km, which indicates the amount of bandwidth supported by the fiber for a 1km (0.625 miles) distance. Your cable must have a Modal bandwidth of 500MHz, which allows the cable to support end-to-end bandwidth of 250MHz at the maximum 2km (1.25 miles) dista nc e.

To check that the bandwidth of your fiber is within an acceptable range:

Divide the amount of bandwidth available according

to the fiber specification by the total length of fiber (km).

If the result is lower th a n 25 0M H z, the lin k m ay be

prone to bit errors. You should shorten the length of the fiber or use a different fiber until the result of the calculation reaches 250MHz.

Example:

A cable with modal bandwidth of 500 MHz.km will have 250 MHz of bandwidth at 2km (1.25 miles).

The same cable would have a 500MHz of bandwidth at 1km (0.625 miles).

A fiber cable with a bandwidth specification of 200 MHz.km would have only 100MHz of bandwidth at 2km (1.25 miles), which would not support ATM. In this case, another type of fiber which has a bandwidth of 155MHz would be required.

ATM Cabl e Spec ifica tio n C-3

C-4 A

PPENDIX

C: ATM M

ODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

ROUBLESHOOTING

How to Use this Guide to Troubleshoot

This troubleshooting section describes how to identify the cause of a problem and suggests possible solutions. T roubleshooting has been divided into four sections.

■

Using LEDs

LEDs on the Switch and ATM Module provide valuable status information that can be used for troubleshooting. You may find it useful to familiarize yourself with these LEDs before reading the troubleshooting suggestions in the following sections.

■

Identify the Problem

Use this section when you do not know the cause of the problem.

■

Solving a known Problem

Use this section when you have detected a problem, and want to look up possible solutions. You should read this troubleshooting information in conjunction with the troubleshooting provided in the user guide that accompanies your Switch.

■

Cleaning D irt y Fibe r Opti c Connectors

This section tells you how to clean the fiber optic connectors on the ATM Module and connecting cables.

If you have problems that are not addressed by troubleshooting information in this guide, contact IBM T echnical Support, or your service person. For Technical Support information refer to Appendix E.

D-2 A

PPENDIX

D: T

ROUBLESHOOTING

Using LEDs

Table D-1 describes the LEDs on the Switch, and Table D-2 describes the LEDs on the ATM Module.

Table D-1

LED Name Color/State Indicates MGMT

(On the front of the Switch)

Module

(On the front of the Switch)

LEDs on the Switch

Green

Green flashing

Yellow

Yellow flashing

OFF Green

Green flashing

Green (long on, short off)

Yellow

Yellow flashing

OFF

Switch and ATM Module are operating normally.

Switch or ATM Module is either downloading software or initializing, (which includes a

Switch has failed its

Test (POST

ATM Module failed its

Test (POST)

No power to the Switch. ATM port enabled; link present.

ATM port disabled; link present.

This LED will flash until all configured LECs have successfully joined their ELANs.

ATM agent softwar e is not installed correctly, or the ATM Module has failed its POST (if the MGMT LED is flashing yellow).

Switch has not recog nize d the ATM Module.

The ATM Module is not i ns t alled, or a link is not present on the ATM port, or the ATM Switch is not on.

Power On Self Test

)

Power On Self

Table D-2

LED Name Color/State Indicates Far End Status

(On ATM Module)

Link Status

(On ATM Module)

LEDs on the ATM Module

Green

OFF (and Link Status LED is Green)

OFF (and Link Status LED is OFF)

Green

OFF

Yellow

OFF

Yellow

OFF

The ATM Switch has not detected an error on the ATM Module’s

The AT M Switch at the far end of the connection has detected a problem with th e A TM Module ’s

transmit

notified the ATM M odule. For example, the ATM Module’s cable has been disconnected at either the ATM Module end or ATM Sw itch end of the c onnection.

The cable between the ATM Module and ATM Switch has been disconne cte d.

A link is present on the ATM port, and the port is receiving valid SONET fram es.

The Link is not present on the ATM Port.

The ATM port is transmitting Ethernet, LANE, Signalling or control frames.

The A TM port is not transmitt ing cells.

The A TM p ort is receiving data cells.

The ATM port is not receiving incoming cells.

transmit

link.

connecti on, and

transmit

half o f t he

Identifying the Problem

This section describes how to identify problems, and suggests possible solutions. Flow diagrams have been used to summarize the process, and each step shown in the flow diagrams is described in more detail in the text.

This section assumes tha t the fo llowing cond it ions have been met:

The A TM Modul e has been ins talled correctly, as

■

described in Chapter 6, “Installing and Setting Up the Module”.

The device is “alive” when pinged, and can be

■

accessed through the local management screens. Both the ATM Module and the ATM Switch or

■

attached ATM device are usin g the same physic al standard; ei ther

SONET STS-3c

SDH STM-1

Identifying the Problem D-3

D-4 A

PPENDIX

D: T

ROUBLESHOOTING

Figu re D-1

Troubleshooting Flow Diagram

The numbered st e ps in th is sect ion relate to the numbered steps shown in Figure D-1.

Access the Physical Layer Statistics Screen

Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from

the Main Menu. Th e Switc h Manag ement scr een i s displayed.

Ensure that the Port option is selected in the

Management Level field. Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the

Port ID field. For example the ATM port is:

Port 13 on an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN

■

Switch Model 612 and IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 712

Port 25 on an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN

■

Switch Model 624 and IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 524

Select the STA TS button. The ATM Port Statis ti cs

screen is displa ye d . Select the PHYSICAL button to display the SONET or

SDH physical layer statistics. An example of the Physical Layer Statistics screen is shown in Figure D-2.

Figure D-2

Are there Physical Layer Errors?

Identifying the Problem D-5

ATM Phys ical Laye r Statis t ics

If the OCD State field is set to

Fail

, there is a

problem with the physical connection. If there are a lot of errors, there is a problem with

the physical connection. Is the error rate high?

— go to step 3.

Yes

— go to step 4.

D-6 A

PPENDIX

D: T

ROUBLESHOOTING

Check the Physical Connections

Check that the Link Status and Far End Status LEDs on the ATM Module are ON and lit green. If one or both of the LEDs is not lit, there is a problem with the physical connection. Follow the troubleshooting information below:

Ensure that both devices are powered-up, and that the ports at both ends of the link are enabled.

Ensure that the cable is securely connected to the port at both ends of the link.

Check each end of the cable to ensure that each of the fiber connectors is correctly connected. If your connectors can be reversed, you may need to reverse the TX and RX cable connectors at one end of the link.

Remove any objects obstructing the cable and straighten out any kinks in the cable.

If you suspect that the fiber optic connector is dirty, see “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors” in this sectio n .

Check that your cable meets the specifications described in “ATM Cable Specification” on page C-1

Replace the cable with a cable known to be working, and check the Link Status LED again.

If there is still a problem, contact your repair center for advice. For more details, see Appendix E.

Access the ATM Port Setup Screen

Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from the Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is displayed.

Ensure that the

Management Level

Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the

Port ID

field. For example the ATM port is:

■

Port 13 on an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN

Port

optio n is selected in t he

fiel d.

Switch Model 612 and IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 712

■

Port 25 on an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 624 and IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 524

Select the SETUP butto n to display ATM port setup information. An example of the The A TM Por t Setup screen is shown in Figure D-3.

Figure D-3

ATM Port Setup Screen

IBM ATM OC-3c User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Introduction

Terminology

ATM Terminology

Finding Information in This Guide

Convent ions

Related Documentation

ATM Benefits

ATM Module Features

The Layered Network Architecture

Upper Layer Protocols

What is LAN Emulation (LANE)?

LAN Emulation Components

LAN Emulation Components in Your Network

Joining the ELAN

Mapping Ethernet and ATM Addresses

What Happens to Unicast Frames?

What Happens to Broadcast and Multicast Frames?

ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer

ATM is Cell-based

ATM is Service Transparent

ATM is Connection-oriented

ATM Interfaces

The ATM Layer and Cell Structure

Physical Layer

SDH STM-1

SONET STS-3c

What is a Virtual LAN (VLAN)?

Creating Inter-switch VLANs

Extending VLANs into the ATM Network

Planning Your Network

ATM Configuration Rules

Extending VLANs Through the ATM Network

ATM Connections Within Your Network

ATM Backbone in the Building

Campus Configuration

Making a Building Resilient to Network Failure

Following Safety Information

Device Support

Pre-installation Procedure

Check the Power Supply

Installation

Connecting a cable to the ATM Port

Powering Up the Switch

Post-Installation Checks

LED Summary

Checking the Power Supply

Checking the Physical Connections

Screen Map

Keyboar d Sho rt c uts

Correcting Text Entry

Logging On

Logging Off

Automatic Logout

Configuring an ATM Port

Extending VLANs into the ATM Network

Displa ying all VL ANs

ATM Port Setup

Mapping Far End MAC Addresses

Creating a MAC Address to ATM Entry

Finding an Address Entry

Updating Address Entries

Deleting an Address Entry

Displaying an ATM Connection

Finding an ATM Connection

Updating Address Entries

Setting Up Resilient Links

Upgradin g Sof tw are

Error Messages

Status Messages

Statistics Overview

ATM Port Statistics

ATM VLAN LEC Status

ATM Physical Layer Statistics

Using Physical Layer Statistics to Troubleshoot

Safety No tices