IBM 560, 560E User Manual

06J0536 S76H-7587-01

Note

Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under “Notices” on page B-1.

Second Edition (July 1997)

The following paragraph does not apply to the United Kingdom or any country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law: INTERNATIONAL

BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimer of express or implied warranties in certain transactions, therefore, this statement may not apply to you.

This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. IBM may make improvements or changes in the products or the programs described in this publication at any time.

Requests for technical information about IBM products should be made to your IBM Authorized Dealer or your IBM Marketing Representative.

Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.

Contents

Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Section 1. System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

System Board Devices and Features ............... 1-3

System Board I/O Address Map .................. 1-6

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Output Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Voltage Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Power Supply Connector .................... 1-12

Battery Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Section 2. System Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Microprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Cache Memory Operation .................... 2-2

Cacheable Address Space .................... 2-3

Keyboard/Mouse Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Scan Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Keyboard ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Displayable Characters and Symbols .............. 2-7

Hard Disk Drive Connector ..................... 2-8

External Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Diskette Drive and Controller ................... 2-11

Diskette Drive Connector ..................... 2-12

Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

ROM Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

RAM Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

System Memory Map ...................... 2-14

System Board Memory Connector for DIMM ........ 2-14

RT/CMOS RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Miscellaneous System Functions and Ports .......... 2-26

Nonmaskable Interrupt (NMI) ................. 2-26

 Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 1997 iii

System Control Port B (Hex 0061) .............. 2-27

System Control Port A (Hex 0092) .............. 2-28

Power-On Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29

Selectable Drive-Startup Sequence .............. 2-29

Hardware Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30

Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31

Section 3. Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Video Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Video Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Audio Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Sound Blaster Support Function ................ 3-6

Audio Port Specifications ..................... 3-6

Infrared (IR) Subsystem ....................... 3-7

System Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

PCMCIA Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Appendix A. System Management API (SMAPI) BIOS

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

What is SMAPI BIOS? ........................ A-3

Header Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Calling Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Parameter Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Calling Convention Pseudo Code ................ A-9

Return Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11

Function Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12

System Information Service .................. A-12

System Configuration Service ................. A-20

Power Management Service .................. A-27

Event Bit Definition ....................... A-32

Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-53

Function Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-57

Installation Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-58

BIOS Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-62

Appendix B. Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-1

Figures

1-1. Model and Submodel Bytes ............... 1-2

1-2. System Board Devices and Features .......... 1-3

1-3. System Board I/O Address Map ............. 1-6

1-4. Performance Specifications for the ThinkPad 560/560E 1-8 1-5. Physical Specifications for the ThinkPad 560/560E .. 1-9 1-6. Electrical Specifications for the ThinkPad 560/560E 1-10 1-7. Acoustical Readings for the ThinkPad 560/560E .. 1-10

1-8. Power Supply Maximum Current ........... 1-11

1-9. Voltage Pin Assignments for 35W AC Adapter ... 1-12

1-10. Battery Pack Specifications ............... 1-13

2-1. Keyboard and Mouse Signals .............. 2-4

2-2. Keyboard/Mouse Connector Pin Assignments ..... 2-4

2-3. Key Numbers for the 84-Key Keyboard ......... 2-5

2-4. Key Numbers for the 85-Key Keyboard ......... 2-6

2-5. Key Numbers for the External Numeric Keypad .... 2-7

2-6. Hard Disk Drive Connector Pin Assignments ..... 2-8

2-7. 100-Pin External Connector Pin Assignments ..... 2-9

2-8. Diskette Drive Read, Write, and Format Capabilities 2-11

2-9. Diskette Drive Connector Pin Assignments ...... 2-12

2-10. System Memory Map .................. 2-14

2-11. DIMM Connector Pin Assignments .......... 2-15

2-12. RT/CMOS RAM Address Map ............. 2-16

2-13. RT/CMOS Address and NMI Mask Register (Hex

0070) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

2-14. RT/CMOS Data Register (Hex 0071) ......... 2-17

2-15. Real-Time Clock Bytes (Hex 000–00D) ........ 2-19

2-16. Status Register A (Hex 00A) .............. 2-19

2-17. Status Register B (Hex 00B) .............. 2-20

2-18. Status Register C (Hex 00C) .............. 2-21

2-19. Status Register D (Hex 00D) .............. 2-21

2-20. Diagnostic Status Byte (Hex 00E) ........... 2-22

2-21. Diskette Drive Type Byte (Hex 010) .......... 2-23

2-22. Diskette Drive Type Bits 7–4 .............. 2-23

2-23. Hard Disk Type Byte (Hex 011) ............ 2-23

2-24. Hard Disk Drive Type 2 (Bits 7–4) ........... 2-23

2-25. Hard Disk Drive Type 3 (Bits 3–0) ........... 2-23

2-26. Hard Disk Drive Type Byte ............... 2-24

2-27. Equipment Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24

2-28. Installed Diskette Drive Bits .............. 2-24

2-29. Display Operating Mode Bits .............. 2-24

2-30. System Control Port B (Hex 0061, Write) ...... 2-27

 Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 1997 v

2-31. System Control Port B (Hex 0061, Read) ...... 2-27

2-32. System Control Port A (Hex 0092) .......... 2-28

2-33. Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31

3-1. PCMCIA Standards and Specifications ......... 3-8

3-2. PCMCIA PC Card Slot Pin Assignments ........ 3-9

Tables

3-1. BIOS Video Modes for the ThinkPad Computer .... 3-4

Preface

This technical reference contains hardware and software interface information specific to the IBM* ThinkPad* 560/560E computer. This technical reference is intended for those who develop hardware and software products for the computer. Users should understand computer architecture and programming concepts.

This publication consists of the following sections and appendixes:

 Section 1, “System Overview,” describes the system, features,

and specifications.

 Section 2, “System Board,” describes the system-specific

hardware implementations.

 Section 3, “Subsystems,” describes the hardware functions

specific to the ThinkPad 560/560E computers.

 Appendix A, “System Management API (SMAPI) BIOS

Overview,” describes the system software interface built into the system, called the System Management Application Program Interface (SMAPI) BIOS, which controls the system information, system configuration, and power management features of the ThinkPad system.

 Appendix B, “Notices,” contains special notices and trademark

information. An index is also included. This technical reference should be used with the following

publications:

IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Interface Technical Reference

IBM Personal System/2 and Personal Computer BIOS Interface

These publications contain additional information on many of the subjects discussed in this technical reference. Information about diskette drives, hard disk drives, adapters, and external options are in separate technical references.

 Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 1997 vii

Attention

The term

Reserved

describes certain signals, bits, and registers that should not be changed. Use of reserved areas can cause compatibility problems, loss of data, or permanent damage to the hardware. When the contents of a register are changed, the state of the reserved bits must be preserved. When possible, read the register first and change only the bits that must be changed.

viii ThinkPad 560/560E Preface

Section 1. System Overview

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

System Board Devices and Features ............... 1-3

System Board I/O Address Map .................. 1-6

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Acoustical Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Output Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Voltage Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Power Supply Connector .................... 1-12

Battery Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

 Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 1997 1-1

Description

The

IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Interface Technical Reference

describes devices common to the PS/2* AT-bus system family. The IBM ThinkPad 560/560E computer (hereafter called the 560,

ThinkPad computer

, or

computer

) is a notebook-size computer that features the AT* bus architecture. Each computer supports one external diskette drive and one internal hard disk drive.

Programs can distinguish the foregoing models of computers from other ThinkPad models by reading the system ID: Interrupt 15H, function code (AH)=23H, (AL)=10H, returns (AL)=0EH for the 560/560E.

The system microprocessor contains an internal cache and cache controller.

Figure 1-1 lists the model bytes, submodel bytes, and system clock speed of the system board.

Model Model Byte

(Hex)

560/560E FC 01 66 MHz / 60 MHz

Figure 1-1. Model and Submodel Bytes

For a listing of the other systems, refer to the

System/2 and Personal Computer BIOS Interface

Submodel Byte (Hex)

System Clock

IBM Personal

1-2 ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview

System Board Devices and Features

Figure 1-2 lists the system board devices and their features. The

IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Interface Technical Reference

describes devices common to PS/2 products by type number.

Device Type Features Microprocessor – ThinkPad 560:

Intel** Pentium**

 100/120/133MHz

 16KB on-chip cache

ThinkPad 560E:

Intel Pentium processor with the MMX technology

 150/166MHz

 32KB on-chip cache

Level 2 cache – ThinkPad 560:

None

ThinkPad 560E:

256KB

System timers 1 Channel 0: system timer

ROM subsystem – 128KB by 4 banks (1KB equals 1024 bytes) RAM subsystem – ThinkPad 560:

CMOS RAM subsystem

– 128 bytes CMOS RAM with real-time

Channel 1: refresh generation Channel 2: tone generator for speaker

8 to 40MB (1MB equals 1048576 bytes)

ThinkPad 560E:

16MB (standard). Expandable up to 48MB with the 32MB DIMM. Expandable up to 80MB with the 2-bank-type 64MB DIMM.

clock/calendar

Figure 1-2 (Part 1 of 3). System Board Devices and Features

ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview 1-3

Device Type Features Video subsystem – SVGA video functions:

ThinkPad 560:

 Up to 256 colors on the DSTN LCD

Up to 16 777 216 colors on an external display

 Up to 65 536 colors on the TFT LCD

Up to 16 777 216 colors on an external display

ThinkPad 560E:

 Up to 65 536 colors on the DSTN LCD

Up to 16 777 216 colors on an external display

 Up to 262 144 colors on the TFT LCD

Up to 16 777 216 colors on an external display

See “Video Subsystem” on page 3-2 for more

DMA controller 1 Seven DMA channels (AT compatible) Interrupt controller 1 15 levels of system interrupts Keyboard/auxiliary

device controller

Diskette drive controller

Hard disk controller – Supports IDE controller Serial controller

port Parallel controller

port

Expansion bus adapter

PCMCIA**ñ slots – Conforms to the standards and

1 Internal keyboard

2 Supports:

2 EIA-232-E interface (16550 compatible)

1 Programmable as parallel port 1, 2, or 3

– Supports externally attached devices:

details of the video subsystem. Four 8-bit channels and three 16-bit channels (interrupts are edge-triggered) TrackPoint III

Auxiliary device connector Password security

 3.5-in. diskette (1.44MB)  3.5-in. diskette (1.2MB) (Japan Unique)  3.5-in. diskette (720KB)

Programmable as serial port 1, 2, 3, or 4 One 9-pin, D-sub connector

IEEE P1284-A compatible Supports bidirectional input and output Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) compatible Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) compatible

 Port replicator specifications listed in Figure 3-1 on

page 3-8.

 Two Type I or II PC cards  One Type III PC card

Figure 1-2 (Part 2 of 3). System Board Devices and Features

1-4 ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview

Device Type Features Audio subsystem – Sound Blaster**-Pro compatible

Infrared subsystem – Supports:

ThinkPad 560:

 IrDA 1.0

ThinkPad 560E:

 IrDA 1.1

ñ Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

Figure 1-2 (Part 3 of 3). System Board Devices and Features

ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview 1-5

System Board I/O Address Map

Figure 1-3 shows the I/O address map.

Address (Hex) Device

0000–001F DMA controller (0–3) 0020, 0021 Interrupt controller (Master) 0022–003F Reserved 0040–0043 System timer 1 0048–004B Reserved 0060 Keyboard, auxiliary device 0061 System control port B 0064 Keyboard, auxiliary device 0070, 0071 RT/CMOS and NMI mask 0072–0077 Reserved 0078–007C Reserved 0081–0083, 0087 DMA page registers (0–3) 0089–008B, 008F DMA page registers (4–7) 0092 System control port A 0094 Reserved 0096 Reserved 0098 System flash ROM control register 00A0, 00A1 Interrupt controller (slave) 00C0–00DF DMA controller (4–7) 00F0–00FF Reserved 0102–0107 Reserved 0170–0177 Reserved 01A0–01DF Reserved 01F0–01F7 Hard disk drive registers 0201 Reserved 0220–022F Audio subsystem - Sound Blaster 1 0240–024F Audio subsystem - Sound Blaster 2 026E–026F Reserved 0278–027A Parallel port 3 027B–027F Reserved 02E8–02EF Serial port 4 02F8–02FF Serial port 2 0300–0302 Reserved 0330–0331 Reserved 0338–038B Reserved 0376–0377 Reserved 0378–037A Parallel port 2 037B–037F Reserved 0388–038B Audio subsystem - FM synthesizer 0398–0399 Reserved

Figure 1-3 (Part 1 of 2). System Board I/O Address Map

1-6 ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview

Address (Hex) Device

03B4, 03B5, 03BA Video subsystem 03BC–03BE Parallel port 1 03C0–03C5 Video subsystem 03C6–03C9 Video DAC 03CA, 03CC, 03CE, 03CF Video subsystem 03D4, 03D5, 03DA, 3D8, 3D9 03E0–03E3 PCMCIA interface 03E8–03EF Serial port 3 03F0–03F7 Diskette drive controller 03F6–03F7 Hard disk drive registers 03F8–03FF Serial port 1 0D00, 0D01 Reserved 15E8–15EF Reserved 2100–21FF Reserved 23C0–23C7 Reserved 43C6, 43C7, 43C8, 43C9 Reserved 46E8 Reserved 83C6, 83C8 Reserved CF8–CFB PCI Configuration Address Register CFC–CFF PCI Configuration Data Register F104 Reserved

Video subsystem

Figure 1-3 (Part 2 of 2). System Board I/O Address Map

ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview 1-7

Specifications

Figure 1-4 to Figure 1-7 on page 1-10 list the specifications for the computer.

Performance Specifications

Device Microprocessor (66 MHz–15 ns clock)

Access to RAM:ñ

Memory read Page hit, burst

Page miss, burst

Memory write Page miss, burst 45 ns

Access to ROM: 1000 Refresh rate (typically performed every 15.6 µs) 750 (minimum) DMA controller (4 MHz–250 µs clock): 1250 Bus cycles (AT):

8 bit 16 bit

ñ The cycle times shown for access to system-board RAM are based on 70 ns

EDO memory.

Device Microprocessor (60 MHz–16.5 ns clock)

Memory read Page hit, burst

Page miss, burst

Memory write Page miss, burst 50 ns

Cycle Time (ns)

240 ns 360 ns

1000 625

Cycle Time (ns)

216 ns 350 ns

Figure 1-4. Performance Specifications for the ThinkPad 560/560E

1-8 ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview

Physical Specifications

Size

Width: 297 mm (11.7 in.) Depth: 222 mm (8.7 in.) Height: 31.0 mm (1.22 in.)

Weightñ (approximate value)

Air Temperature

Humidity

Maximum altitudeò: 3048 m (10000 ft) in unpressurized conditions Heat output: 35 W (119.4 BTUs/hour) at maximum configuration Acoustical readings (see Figure 1-7 on page 1-10) Electrical (see Figure 1-6 on page 1-10) Electromagnetic compatibility: FCC class B

ñ With battery pack installed. ò This is the maximum altitude at which the specified air temperatures apply. At

higher altitudes, the maximum air temperatures are lower than those specified.

DSTN display:

1.87 kg (4.12 lb)

TFT display:

1.86 kg (4.10 lb)

System on (without diskette)

5.0°C to 35.0°C (41°F to 95°F)

System on (with diskette)

10.0°C to 35.0°C (50°F to 95°F)

System off

5.0°C to 43.0°C (41°F to 110°F)

System (without diskette)

8% to 95%

System (with diskette)

8% to 80%

Figure 1-5. Physical Specifications for the ThinkPad 560/560E

ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview 1-9

Electrical Specifications

(35 W)

Input Voltageñ (V ac)

Frequency (Hz) 50/60 Inputò (kVA) 0.132

ñ Range is automatically selected; sine wave input is required. ò At maximum configuration.

100–240

Figure 1-6. Electrical Specifications for the ThinkPad 560/560E

Acoustical Readings

L Operate Idle Operate Idle Operate Idle

4.0 3.4 34 30 27 22

Notes:

WAd

pAm

pA>m

Operate Shows the value while using the hard disk drive. All measurements made in accordance with ANSI S12.10 and reported in

conformance with ISO 9296.

in bels L

WAd

Is the declared sound power level for the random sample of machines.

Is the mean value of the A-weighted sound pressure levels at the operator position (if any) for the random sample of machines.

Is the mean value of the A-weighted sound pressure levels at the one-meter position for the random sample of machines.

in dB <L

pAm

pA>m

in dB

Figure 1-7. Acoustical Readings for the ThinkPad 560/560E

1-10 ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview

Power Supply

The power supply converts the ac voltage to dc voltage and provides power for the following:

 System board set

 Diskette drive

 Hard disk drive  Auxiliary devices  Keyboard  LCD panel  PCMCIA cards

Voltages

The power supply generates five different dc voltages: VCCCPU, VCC3A, VCC5M, VCCSW, and VCC12M. Figure 1-8 shows the maximum current for each voltage.

Output Voltage (V dc) Current (A)

VCCCPU +2.9 or +2.5 2.20

VCC3A +3.3 2.00 VCC5M +5.0 3.00 VCCSW +5.0 0.01

VCC12M +12.0 0.11

Figure 1-8. Power Supply Maximum Current

ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview 1-11

Output Protection

A short circuit placed on any dc output (between outputs or between an output and a dc return) latches all dc outputs into a shutdown state, with no hazardous condition to the power supply.

If an overvoltage fault occurs in the power supply, the power supply latches all dc outputs into a shutdown state before any output exceeds 135% of the nominal value of the power supply.

Voltage Sequencing

When power is turned on, the output voltages reach their operational voltages within 2 seconds.

Power Supply Connector

The following connector is used with the AC Adapter. The total power capacity of this connector must not exceed 4.0 A.

Refer to Figure 1-9 for the appropriate adapter pin assignments.

Pin Voltage

1 +7.0 V dc to +16.0 V dc (depending on charging conditions) 2 Ground

Figure 1-9. Voltage Pin Assignments for 35W AC Adapter

1-12 ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview

Battery Pack

The ThinkPad computer uses a lithium-ion (Li-Ion) battery pack that meets the following electrical specifications:

Nominal Voltage +10.8 V dc Capacity (average) 2.2 ampere hours (AH) Protection Overcurrent protection

Figure 1-10. Battery Pack Specifications

Overvoltage protection Overdischarge protection Thermal protection

ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview 1-13

1-14 ThinkPad 560/560E System Overview

Section 2. System Board

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Microprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Cache Memory Operation .................... 2-2

Cacheable Address Space .................... 2-3

Keyboard/Mouse Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Scan Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Keyboard ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Displayable Characters and Symbols .............. 2-7

Hard Disk Drive Connector ..................... 2-8

External Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Diskette Drive and Controller ................... 2-11

Diskette Drive Connector ..................... 2-12

Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

ROM Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

RAM Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

System Memory Map ...................... 2-14

System Board Memory Connector for DIMM ........ 2-14

RT/CMOS RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

RT/CMOS Address and NMI Mask Register (Hex 0070) 2-17

RT/CMOS Data Register (Hex 0071) ........... 2-17

RT/CMOS RAM I/O Operations .............. 2-18

CMOS RAM Configuration ................. 2-22

Miscellaneous System Functions and Ports .......... 2-26

Nonmaskable Interrupt (NMI) ................. 2-26

System Control Port B (Hex 0061) .............. 2-27

System Control Port A (Hex 0092) .............. 2-28

Power-On Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29

Selectable Drive-Startup Sequence .............. 2-29

Hardware Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30

Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31

Description

This section describes the microprocessor, connectors, memory subsystems, and miscellaneous system functions and ports for the ThinkPad computers. You can find additional information about these topics in

Reference–AT-Bus Subsystems

Microprocessor

The ThinkPad 560 uses the Intel Pentium 100/120/133MHz microprocessor. This microprocessor contains a full 32-bit RISC integer core, a built-in math coprocessor, and a 16KB internal cache memory.

The ThinkPad 560E uses the Intel Pentium 150/166MHz microprocessor with the MMX technology. This microprocessor contains a full 32-bit RISC integer core, a built-in math coprocessor, and a 32KB on-chip cache memory.

IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Interface Technical

Cache Memory Operation

The cache memory in the Intel Pentium microprocessor enables the microprocessor to read instructions and data much faster than if the microprocessor had to access system memory. When an instruction is first used or data is first read or written, it is transferred to the cache memory from main memory. This enables future accesses to the instructions or data to occur much faster.

The cache is disabled and empty when the microprocessor comes out of the reset state. The cache is tested and enabled during the power-on self-test (POST).

The cache memory in the Intel Pentium microprocessor is loaded from system memory in 32-byte increments, each referred to as a

cache line

reference to any byte contained in a cache line results in the entire line being read into the cache memory (if the data was not already in the cache). When the microprocessor gives up control of the system bus, the cache memory enters “snoop” mode and monitors all write and read operations. If memory data is written to a location in the cache and the cache line is in the “modified” state, the corresponding cache line is written back to system memory and is invalidated.

2-2 ThinkPad 560/560E System Board

. A cache line is aligned on a paragraph boundary. A

When the microprocessor performs a memory read, the data address is used to find the data in the cache. If the data is found (a hit), it is read from the cache memory and no external bus cycle occurs. If the data is not found (a miss), an external bus cycle is used to read the data from system memory. If the address of the missed data is in a cacheable address space, the data is stored in the cache memory and the remainder of the cache line is read.

When the microprocessor performs a memory write, the data address is used to search the cache. If the address is found (a hit), the data is written to the cache and no external bus cycle is used to write the data to system memory. (If the address of the write operation was not in the cache memory but was in cacheable address space, the data is read back into the cache memory and the remainder of the cache line is read.)

Cacheable Address Space

Cacheable address space is defined as system memory that resides on the system board (0–640KB and 1MB–40MB or 80MBñ). Nothing in address range hex A0000–BFFFF, I/O address space, or memory in any AT slot is cached.

ROM address space (hex C0000–C7FFF) is L1 cacheable for

read operations only

. If data in this address range is already in

code

cache memory and the address range is written to, the cached line is invalidated and is read again from RAM (in which the BIOS is shadowed in).

Cacheability of system memory is up to 64MB in the L2 cache, and is up to 4GB in the on-chip L1 cache.

ThinkPad 560/560E System Board 2-3

Keyboard/Mouse Connector

Each ThinkPad computer has a keyboard/mouse connector where the IBM mouse, keyboard, or numeric keypad is connected.

Signals

The keyboard and mouse signals are driven by open-collector drivers pulled to 5 V dc through a pull-up resistor. Figure 2-1 lists the signals.

Sink current 20 mA Maximum High-level output voltage 5.0 V dc minus pullup Minimum Low-level output voltage 0.5 V dc Maximum High-level input voltage 2.0 V dc Minimum Low-level input voltage 0.8 V dc Maximum

Figure 2-1. Keyboard and Mouse Signals

Connector

The keyboard/mouse connector uses a 6-pin, miniature DIN connector.

Pin I/O Signal Name

1 I/O Mouse Data 2 I/O Keyboard Data 3–Ground 4–+5 V dc 5 I/O Mouse Clock 6 I/O Keyboard Clock

Figure 2-2. Keyboard/Mouse Connector Pin Assignments

Note: The maximum current for +5 V dc (pin 4) is 0.5 A for both the

mouse and the numeric keypad.

2-4 ThinkPad 560/560E System Board

Scan Codes

Figure 2-3 shows the key numbers assigned to keys on the 84-key keyboard (for the U.S. and Japan). Figure 2-4 on page 2-6 shows the key numbers assigned to keys on the 85-key keyboard (for countries other than the U.S. and Japan). For scan codes assigned to each numbered key, refer to the

Interface Technical Reference

IBM Personal System/2 Hardware

110 112

113

30 31

114

116

115

117 118 119

35 36

Left Right

50 51

120

23 24

52 53

124

125 122 123 76 81

121

10 11

62 64

Figure 2-3. Key Numbers for the 84-Key Keyboard

126

40 41

85 86

ThinkPad 560/560E System Board 2-5

110 112

113

30 31

124

125

126

114

116

115

117 118 119

35 36

Left Right

50 51

23 24

120

121

10 11

52 53

122 123 76 81

62 64

40 41

85 86

Figure 2-4. Key Numbers for the 85-Key Keyboard

Keyboard ID

The keyboard ID consists of 2 bytes: hex 83AB (the built-in keyboard with the external numeric keypad) or hex 84AB (the built-in keyboard only). Interrupt 16H, function code (AH)=0AH, returns the keyboard ID.

2-6 ThinkPad 560/560E System Board

Figure 2-5 shows the key numbers assigned to keys on the external numeric keypad. For scan codes assigned to each numbered key, refer to the

Reference

IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Interface Technical

90 95

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

108

Figure 2-5. Key Numbers for the External Numeric Keypad

Displayable Characters and Symbols

For displayable characters and symbols that are keyable from the keyboard, refer to the

Technical Reference

IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Interface

ThinkPad 560/560E System Board 2-7

Hard Disk Drive Connector

The hard disk drive is connected to the system board. The following shows the pin assignments for the connector on the system board.

Pin Signal Description Pin Signal Description

1 JP1 Jumper

(master)

2 JP1 Jumper

(master) 3 JP2 Jumper (slave) 28 GND Ground 4 JP2 Jumper (slave) 29 −HIOW I/O write 5 – Not connected 30 GND Ground 6 – Not connected 31 −HIOR I/O read 7 −HRESET Reset 32 GND Ground 8 GND Ground 33 IORDY I/O ready 9 HD07 Data 7 34 – Not connected

10 HD08 Data 8 35 – Not connected 11 HD06 Data 6 36 GND Ground 12 HD09 Data 9 37 HIRQ Interrupt

13 HD05 Data 5 38 – Not connected 14 HD10 Data 10 39 HA01 Address 1 15 HD04 Data 4 40 – Not connected 16 HD11 Data 11 41 HA00 Address 0 17 HD03 Data 3 42 HA02 Address 2 18 HD12 Data 12 43 −HCS0 Chip select 0 19 HD02 Data 2 44 −HCS1 Chip select 1 20 HD13 Data 13 45 −DASP Drive

21 HD01 Data 1 46 GND Ground 22 HD14 Data 14 47 +5V +5V dc 23 HD00 Data 0 48 +5V +5V dc 24 HD15 Data 15 49 GND Ground 25 GND Ground 50 – Not connected

26 – Not connected 27 – Not connected

Request

(active/slave drive present)

Figure 2-6. Hard Disk Drive Connector Pin Assignments

2-8 ThinkPad 560/560E System Board

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