IBASE IB102 User Manual

www.ibase.com.tw

IBASE Technology Inc.

IB102

ARM-based SBC with

Freescale i.MX6 Cortex-A9 Solo Core 1GHz SoC

and POE+ Support

User’s Manual

2014 Nov. V1.0a

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Quick Start Guide

Here is a step-by-step guide to boot up the IB102:

a. Based on request, the (Android) or (Linux OS) will be preloaded in the IB102’s eMMC,

or IB102A’s SD card. Please proceed to do the following:

 Check the backlight power’s voltage and connect the 8” LVDS panel (optional)

with the LVDS cable (optional, please contact Ibase sales dept.).

 Connect the device with (12V/ POE/or corresponding) power input directly.

b. To make a recovery SD card (for IB102 advanced user only), or to make an SD card

for IB102A, please refer to Chapter 4.

c. To use the root/ serial port debug function, please check Chapter 4.2.1 (COM1

debug cable setup) information.

d. To boot up with a different LVDS panel, please refer to Chapter 4.2.2.

Note: different LVDS panels have different customization; please check with your sales contact.

e. For advanced users who are building their own products, please refer to Chapter 5. f. For special HW/SW/ panel customization requests or assistance, please check with

Ibase sales dept.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Quick Start Guide .................................................................................................................. 3

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6

1.1. IB102 ................................................................................................................................. 6

1.2. IB102 Hardware Specifications ........................................................................................... 7

1.3. Optional Items ................................................................................................................... 9

2. Jumper setting on IB102 ............................................................................................... 10

3. Connectors on IB102 ..................................................................................................... 17

4. Software Setup ............................................................................................................ 26

4.1. Make a Recovery SD Card (for advanced user only) ........................................................... 26

4.2. Parameter Setting on U-boot ............................................................................................ 29

4.2.1. Preparation (debug console) ............................................................................................................ 29

4.2.2. Display setting command For Android (for advanced software engineer only) ............................... 30

4.2.3. Display setting for Linux.................................................................................................................... 31

5. BSP User Guide ( for advanced software engineer only ) ............................................... 32

5.1. Building BSP Source ...................................................................................................... 32

5.1.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................... 32

5.1.2. Installing Toolchain ............................................................................................... 32

5.1.3. Building u-boot...................................................................................................... 34

5.1.4. Building kernel ...................................................................................................... 38

5.1.5. Copying u-boot, kernel to SD card .......................................................................... 40

5.1.6. Copying Filesystem to SD card ............................................................................... 40

5.1.7. Booting with your SD card ..................................................................................... 46

6. Appendix A– I2C, GPIO, Watchdog Reference Code Coding. ........................................... 47

6.1. How to use I2C in Linux ................................................................................................. 47

6.2. How to use GPIO in Linux .............................................................................................. 64

6.2.1. GPIO Mapping Table ............................................................................................. 64

6.2.2. GPIO Sample Code ................................................................................................. 64

6.2.3. How to use Watchdog in Linux ............................................................................... 65

7. Appendix C : how to Flash the image to eMMC ............................................................. 66

8. Appendix D – ADB configuration (For Android only ) ..................................................... 66

9. Appendix D –Useful links .............................................................................................. 67

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Acknowledgments

Freescale

TM

is a trademark of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

ARM® Cortex™-A9 is a trademark of ARM Holdings, plc.

Android, name, logo, and other Android trademarks are property of Google Inc.

Linux, trademarks or marks include all trade and service marks and logos owned by the

Linux Foundation.

All other product names or trademarks are properties of their respective owners.

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1. Introduction

1.1. IB102

The IB102 i.MX6 SBC comes with extended consumer-grade Freescale i.MX6 Solo Core Cortex-A9 1GHz CPU. LVDS, POE+, and light bar design to bring you the scalability and flexibility you need. The device offers 3D graphics acceleration, while also supporting numerous peripherals, including DDR3, RS232/422/485 port and USB OTG that are well suited for industrial applications.

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FEATURES

IB102

Form Factor

150mm x 165mm

CPU Type

Freescale i.MX6 Solo Core Coretex-A9 on Board

CPU Speed

1GHz

Memory Socket

DDR3 1GB on Board

VGA Controller

IPU v3H IPU Engine

Watchdog Timer

By Hardware

Edge IO

10/100/1000 LAN x1 (RJ45 connector with POE+ support )

USB x 1 (USB Host. A-Type) USB OTG x 1 (mini AB type) COM1 RS-232/422/485 x 1

Dip switch x 1 (for 232/485 selection)

SD card slot x 1

Reset button x1

12V DC-IN Jack x 1,

Internal Headers

LVDS Connector x 1

GPIO x (10pin, pitch 2.0 with 3.3V, refer to RP100)

Audio pin Header x3

I2C connector x1

Battery: BR2032 with socket

Expansion Slots

miniPCIE x1 ( with USB support)

Others

LEDs light bar x 1 (3xGPIO pin control Red, Orange and Green)

Operating

temperature

0~60 degree

SW Support

Ubuntu Linux 11.10 ( kernel 3.0)

Android 4.3

1.2. IB102 Hardware Specifications

IB102 Features

 1080p hardware encode/decode ability.  OpenGL ES 2.0 and OpenVG 1.1 hardware accelerators  1GB DDR3, 4GB eMMC, LED light bar on board  10/100/1000 M-bit Ethernet  Supports 12V DC-IN or POE+  Supports RS232/422/485, USB-OTG, SD slot  Supports LVDS panel resolution up to 1366x768  Supports Linux3.0, Android 4.3

‧

This specification is subject to change without prior notice.

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IB102

I/O View

Board Dimensions

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Item

Specifications

Part Number

Remarks

Speaker

4 OHM

1.5W 10CM

A057SPP3516K11000P Com1 Cable

EXT- 312

C501EXT3120A12000P

Power Supply

60W 12V AD/AP

A005PS060WFSP0101P

USB OTG ( mini type) Cable

USB- 81 2- HEAD 4C 120CM

C501USB8105A12000P

DSUB- USB- 4 Cable

TEST- 220

C501TES2200202000P Debug Port Cable

PK1-100A

C501PK11003102A00P

Display Related

Touch Panel

Touch Panel; 8" Resistive

A003TP00800100000P

LVDS Cable

LCD326 (10CM)

C501LCD3260102000P

1.3. Optional Items

If you have any optional item request, please contact Ibase sales dept.

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2. Jumper setting on IB102

[Important] Please check the jumpers, DIP, buttons and switches on IB102

before doing the panel connection and boot up.

Jumpers are used on IB102 to select various settings and features according to your needs and applications. Contact your supplier if you have doubts about the best configuration for your needs. The following lists the connectors on IB102 and their respective functions.

Jumper Locations on IB102

Top Side

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JP1

Setting

Function

Pin 1-2 Short/Open

4 or 8 wire/5 wire (Default)

Pin 3-4 Short/Open

4 or 8 wire/5 wire (Default)

Pin 5-6 Short/Open

4 or 8 wire/5 wire (Default)

1 6 5

2

Bottom Side

JP1: Touch Pad Wire Setting 2.0mm

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JP2

USB Setting*

Function

1

3

2

4

5 6

Pin 1-3 Short/Closed

USB

Pin 2-4 Short/Closed

JP2

UART Setting

Function

1

3

2

4

5 6

Pin 3-5 Short/Closed

UART*

Pin 2-4 Short/Closed

Baud rate 19200*

Pin 4-6 Short/Closed

Baud rate 9600

11 2 12

1

1 6 5

2

JP2: Touch USB/UART Mode Setting 2.0mm

JP3: Program Interface (E-CALL 0519-03-2161-120) (Factory use only)

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JP4

Setting

Function

Pin 1-2 Short/Closed

GPIO

Pin 2-3 Short/Closed

System Reset (Default)

COM1 Mode

SW4 (S2)

JP5

RS-232

Off (Default)

2-3 Short (Default)

RS-485

On

2-3 Short

RS-422

Off

1-2 Short

1 3 s2

s1

1

3

[

JP4: System reset/GPIO Mode Setting 2.0mm

JP5, SW4 (S2): RS-232/422/485 Mode Selection 2.0mm

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SW4 (S1)

Device Mode

On

None Terminal (Default)

Off

Terminal

s2

s1

SW4 (S1): RS-422/485 Device Termination Selection

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J2

Setting

Panel Voltage

Pin 1-2 Short/Closed

5V (default)

Pin 2-3 Short/Closed

12V

J3

Setting

Panel Voltage

Pin 1-2 Short/Closed

5V

Pin 2-3 Short/Closed

3.3V (default)

1

3

1

3

J2: BL Voltage Setting 2.0mm

J3: BL ADJ Level Setting 2.0mm

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J4

Setting

Panel Voltage

Pin 1-2 Short/Closed

5V

Pin 2-3 Short/Closed

3.3V (default)

1

3

J4: LVDS Panel Power Selection 2.0mm

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Pin #

Signal Name

1

GND

2

NC 3 NC 4 NC

5

NC 6 GND

7

SDA

8

SCL 9 NC

10

INT

11

3.3V

12

3.3V

1

1 2

3. Connectors on IB102

CN1: SD Card Connector

CN2: Capacitor Touch Pad Connector (ENTERY 7083K-F12N-04L)

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CN3: USB 2.0 Connector

CN4: 10/100/1000Mb LAN (PoE+ supported)

This RJ45 LAN connector supports PoE+ function.

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Pin #

Signal Name

1

COM1 DSR, Data set ready

2

GND

3

GND

4

COM1 RXD, Receive data

5

COM1 TXD, Transmit data

6

COM1 DCD, Data carrier detect

7

COM1 DTR, Data terminal ready

8

COM1 CTS, Clear to send

9

COM1 RTS, Request to send

10

Boot by SD card detection

Pin #

Signal Name

RS-232

R2-422

RS-485

1

DSR

NC

2

Ground

3

Ground

4

RX

TX+

DATA+

5

TX

RX+

NC

6

DCD

TX-

DATA-

7

DTR

RX-

NC

8

CTS

NC

9

RTS

NC

10

NC

10

1

CN5: COM1 RJ45 Connector

COM1 is jumper less for RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485 and configured with SW4 (S2) and JP5 Selection.

[

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Pin #

Signal Name

1

+5V

2

D- 3 D+

4

ID

5

GND

1

5

CN7: +12V DC-IN Power Connector

CN8: Mini USB OTG Connector

Note: CN8 will be used for USB device when ID is floating.

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Pin #

Signal Name

1

NC

2

LCD_VDD

3

LCD_VDD

4

NC 5 TX0-

6

TX0+

7

GND

8

TX1-

9

TX1+

10

GND

11

TX2-

12

TX2+

13

GND

14

CLK-

15

CLK+

16

GND

17

TX3-

18

TX3+

19

GND

20

GND

21

GND

22

GND

23

GND

24

NC

25

BKLT_ADJ

26

BKLT_EN

27

NC

28

BKLT_VCC

29

BKLT_VCC

30

BKLT_VCC

1

30

CN9: LVDS Connector (HRS DF19G-30P-1H(54) )

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Pin #

Signal Name

1

MIC Input

2

GND

Pin #

Signal Name

1

COM2 RXD, Receive Data

2

COM2 TXD, Transmit Data

3

GND 4 NC

2

1

4

J1: Mic Connector (WT04M-30003-02032)

J5: COM2 RS232 Connector, Debug Port Connector 2.0mm

(Factory use only)

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Pin #

Signal Name

1

Touch XP

2

Touch XM

3

Touch SG

4

Touch YP

5

Touch YM

1

5

J7: Resistive Touch Panel Connector 2.5mm

J8: Mini PCI-E Connector

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Signal Name

Pin #

Signal Name

3.3V

1 2 GPIO2

GPIO1

3 4 GPIO5

GPIO3

5 6 GPIO8

GPIO7

7 8 Reset

GPIO9

9

10

Watch Dog

GPIO10

11

12

GPIO11

GPIO12

13

14

GND

Pin #

Signal Name

1

+5V

2

D- 3 D+

4

GND

14

1 2 13

4

1

J10: Digital In/Out Connector 2.0mm

J11: USB2.0 Connector (JST B4B-PH-K-S)

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Pin #

Signal Name

1

SPEAKER_RIGHT+

2

SPEAKER_RIGHT-

Pin #

Signal Name

1

SPEAKER_LEFT-

2

SPEAKER_LEFT+

1

2

1

J12: Speaker Right-Out Connector (WT04M-30003-02032)

J13: Speaker Left-Out Connector (WT04M-30003-02032)

SW3: System Reset Button

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4. Software Setup

Basically, the IB102 is preloaded O.S (Android / Linux) into eMMC by default. Connect the 8” LVDS panel (optional) with IB102, and 12V/ POE+ power directly.

4.1. Make a Recovery SD Card (for advanced user only)

For advanced user who has Ibase standard image file, refer to this chapter to prepare the recovery boot-up SD card. Ibase optionally provides 8” LVDS panel for users to prepare the software application pre-development easily under Linux / Android platform.

Preparing the Recovery SD card to install the Linux/ Android image into eMMC

Note: all data in the eMMC will be erased.

-- for IB102

Please download the Recovery SD card’s image by FTP in advance.

Host: 219.87.145.180 port: 21

User: bsp

Password: (please check with your sales)

Image path: (image path may change / update)

/bsp/RISC_IMAGE/IB102/IB102/Linux/IB102-Linux_3.0.35-v1.1.rar

/bsp/RISC_IMAGE/IB102/IB102/Android/IB102-Android_4.3-v1.1.rar

(based on Freescale BSP: L3.3.35.4.1.0)

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For advanced users who want to return to the factory reset status, the instructions below will guide you through installing a recovery program on your SD card to allow you to easily install the default OS’s and to recover your card when needed.

1. Insert an SD card that is 8GB or greater in size into your computer

2. Format the SD card

i. Download the SD Association's Formatting Tool (SD Card Formatter 4.0 ) from

https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/eula_windows/

ii. Install and run the Formatting Tool on your machine iii. Set "FORMAT SIZE ADJUSTMENT" option to "ON" in the "Options" menu iv. Check that the SD card you inserted matches the one selected by the Tool v. Click the “Format” button

3. Download the target operating system image from the DVD/ or FTP (that has

descripted in previous page)

4. Download the Win32DiskImager from

http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ and use it to restore the target operating system.

5. And then, flash the Android/ Linux image into your SD card in your PC

(Windows).

6. Please check insert (special COM1 RJ45 dongle, pin3 short to pin10, this

dongle is for IB102 only), so that the O.S will select the boot up image from SD card.

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--- Run Recovery Program---

7. Insert the SD card/Micro-SD into the motherboard. Make sure the 8” panel

(or your own panel) is connected and connect the power supply to boot up the system.

8. Recovery program on your SD card will execute automatically. The eMMC on

PCB will be formatted and the OS will be installed while the progress bar on the screen shows 100% complete. ( it takes 5~8 minutes around)

9. Remove the power and the recovery SD. Remember to remove the special

RJ45 dongle also.

10. Connect the power and boot up the IB102, you will see the Linux/ Android

boot up pages.

Note for IB102A:

IB102A, by default, is set to boot up from SD card only. Just insert/ prepare your SD card, and connect the power. To create IB102A SD card images, please download the boot SD card’s image by FTP in advance.

/bsp/RISC_IMAGE/IB102/IB102A/Linux_sd/ IB102A_Linux_3.0.35_1.1.rar

/bsp/RISC_IMAGE/IB102/IB102A/Android_sd/IB102A_Andoird_4.3_1.1.rar

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Pin #

Signal Name

1

COM2 RXD, Receive Data

2

COM2 TXD, Transmit Data

3

GND 4 NC

1

4

4.2. Parameter Setting on U-boot

IB102 supports 8” LVDS panel (optional) by default. If you have any other LVDS panel to

be customized, please contact Ibase sales or FAE staff.

4.2.1. Preparation (debug console)

i. The COM1 (Tx1, Rx1) is the default debug port. Check that it can be connected

to (RX, Tx) in your PC environment.

ii. Use 115200 bps (8n1, no flow control) in Windows terminal (for example

Putty.exe)

iii. During system boot up, you can press “Enter” to stop auto boot and modify your

environment.

(Note: For users who are not sure about the COM connection, please check if

Board.COM1.Tx1 is connected to PC.COM.Rx ; Board.COM1.Rx1 to PC.COM.Tx)

J5: COM2 RS232 Connector, Debug Port Connector

(Factory use only)

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IB102

MX6SDL SABREDS U-BOOT > setenv bootcmd “booti mmcX”

setenv bootargs 'console=ttymxc0,115200 androidboot.console=ttymxc1 androidboot.hardware=freescale init=/init vmalloc=400M video=mxcfb0:dev=ldb,IB102-XGA,if=RGB666 ldb=sep0'

MX6SDL SABREDS U-BOOT > saveenv MX6SDL SABREDS U-BOOT > boot

4.2.2. Display setting command For Android (for advanced software engineers only)

With the debug port, follow the reference command examples to help you to be familiar with display modification.

Select boot device:

Where mmcX =1, means boot from SD card.

Where mmcX =2, means boot from eMMC device.

Command to set 8” LVDS panel (default):

(Please also save the environment and reboot with the following command.)

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setenv bootargs_base 'setenv bootargs mem=1G console=ttymxc1,115200' setenv bootcmd_mmc 'run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; mmc dev 2; mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm' setenv bootargs_mmc 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait rw video=mxcfb0:dev=ldb,IB102-XGA,if=RGB666 ldb=sep0 video=mxcfb1:off video=mxcfb2:off fbmem=15M rootfstype=ext4'

Carrier SD : root=/dev/mmcblk1p1

MX6SDL SABREDS U-BOOT > saveenv MX6SDL SABREDS U-BOOT > boot

4.2.3. Display setting for Linux

Command to set 8” panel (Default):

Command to set the boot device

Note: (remember to save the environment and reboot with the following command)

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5. BSP User Guide ( for advanced software engineer only )

This Chapter is an example only, and it is mainly for advanced SW engineers to build

the image for IBASE ARM PCB. Any other modification, new device or driver should be handled carefully.

5.1. Building BSP Source

5.1.1. Preparation

Suggested Host Platform: Ubuntu 10.04 x64 version

Install necessary packages before build:

apt-get install build-essential uboot-mkimage ia32-libs

Note: ** To simplify build process, please run build/installation with root on your x86 host PC. **

5.1.2. Installing Toolchain

Download and extract freescale toolchain (gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12.tgz)

# assume your toolchain file is located at root home dir:

sudo su

cd ~

mkdir -p /opt/freescale/usr/local/

cd /opt/freescale/usr/local/

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tar xvf ~/gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12.tgz

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5.1.3. Building u-boot

# Assume your linux BSP u-boot source is at ~/linux_bsp/u-boot_2009_08/DL/u-boot

cd ~/linux_bsp/u-boot_2009_08/DL/u-boot

make ARCH=arm

CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12/fsl-linaro-toolch ain/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- distclean

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make ARCH=arm

CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12/fsl-linaro-toolch ain/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- mx6solo_sabresd_config

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make ARCH=arm

CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12/fsl-linaro-toolch ain/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

Note: **** If the building process is successful, u-boot.bin file will be generated. ****

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5.1.4. Building kernel

# Assume your linux kernel source is at ~/linux_bsp/kernel-3.0.35

cd ~/linux_bsp/kernel-3.0.35

make ARCH=arm clean

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12/ fsl-linaro-toolchain/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- uImage

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**** If the building process is successful, uImage file will be generated under arch/arm/boot directory. ****

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5.1.5. Copying u-boot, kernel to SD card

Insert an empty SD card with at least 8GB size and put it in a card reader connecting to your host PC. Assume your SD card is /dev/sdb on your x86 host PC

# Copying the u-boot Boot Loader Image

sudo dd if=u-boot.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=2 skip=2 conv=fsync

# Copying the Kernel Image

sudo dd if=uImage of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=2048 conv=fsync

5.1.6. Copying Filesystem to SD card

Assume your SD card is /dev/sdb.

# Copying the Root File System (rootfs)

First, a partition table must be created. If a partition already exists and it is big enough for the file system you want to deploy, then you can skip this step.

To create a partition, at offset 16384 (in sectors of 512 bytes) enter the following

command:

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

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NOTE

On most Linux host operating systems, SD card will be mounted automatically upon insertion. Therefore, before running fdisk, please make sure that SD card is unmounted (via 'sudo umount /dev/sdb').

Type the following parameters (each followed by <ENTER>):

u [switch the unit to sectors instead of cylinders]

d [repeat this until no partition is reported by the 'p' command ]

n [create a new partition]

p [create a primary partition]

1 [the first partition]

16384 [starting at offset sector #16384, i.e. 8MB, which leaves enough space for the kernel, the boot loader and its configuration data]

<enter> [using the default value will create a partition that spans to the last sector of the medium]

w [ this writes the partition table to the medium and fdisk exits]

The file system format ext3 or ext4 is a good option for removable media due to the built-in journaling. Run the following command to format the partition:

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sudo umount /dev/sdb1

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sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

Copy the target file system to SD card partition by extracting rootfs package to mounted directory:

(assume compressed root file system is F600_linux_fs.tgz)

mkdir /tmp/SD

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sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/SD

cd /tmp/SD

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tar xvf ~/linux_bsp/F600_linux_fs.tgz

Copying the file system takes several minutes. The file system content is now on the media.

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5.1.7. Booting with your SD card

(For advance software users only)

Put SD card in your board and insert special COM port dongle to boot from SD. Connect a debug cable to debug port with serial port 115200/N/8/1 setting on your PC’s serial port program such hyperterminal/teraterm. Connect LVDS panel. Power on and you will see u-boot prompt.

At u-boot prompt, press Enter before time out. Type the following setting to boot from SD card + LVDS panel:

setenv bootcmd_mmc 'run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; mmc dev 1; mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm'

setenv bootargs_mmc 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait rw video=mxcfb0:dev=ldb,IB102-XGA,if=RGB666 ldb=sep0 video=mxcfb1:off video=mxcfb2:off fbmem=15M rootfstype=ext4'

saveenv

After that, prepare your LCD, power off and power on again.

You can see Ubuntu Linux is running on monitor.

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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */

#include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <linux/i2c-dev.h> #include "i2cbusses.h" #include "util.h" #include "../version.h"

static void help(void) __attribute__ ((noreturn));

static void help(void) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: i2cget [-f] [-y] I2CBUS CHIP-ADDRESS [DATA-ADDRESS [MODE]]\n" " I2CBUS is an integer or an I2C bus name\n" " ADDRESS is an integer (0x03 - 0x77)\n" " MODE is one of:\n" " b (read byte data, default)\n" " w (read word data)\n" " c (write byte/read byte)\n" " Append p for SMBus PEC\n"); exit(1); }

static int check_funcs(int file, int size, int daddress, int pec) { unsigned long funcs;

/* check adapter functionality */

6. Appendix A– I2C, GPIO, Watchdog Reference Code Coding.

6.1. How to use I2C in Linux

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if (ioctl(file, I2C_FUNCS, &funcs) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not get the adapter " "functionality matrix: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; }

switch (size) { case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE: if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "SMBus receive byte"); return -1; } if (daddress >= 0 && !(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "SMBus send byte"); return -1; } break;

case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA: if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "SMBus read byte"); return -1; } break;

case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA: if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "SMBus read word"); return -1; } break; }

if (pec && !(funcs & (I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PEC | I2C_FUNC_I2C))) { fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Adapter does " "not seem to support PEC\n"); }

return 0; }

static int confirm(const char *filename, int address, int size, int daddress, int pec) { int dont = 0;

fprintf(stderr, "WARNING! This program can confuse your I2C " "bus, cause data loss and worse!\n");

/* Don't let the user break his/her EEPROMs */ if (address >= 0x50 && address <= 0x57 && pec) { fprintf(stderr, "STOP! EEPROMs are I2C devices, not " "SMBus devices. Using PEC\non I2C devices may " "result in unexpected results, such as\n" "trashing the contents of EEPROMs. We can't " "let you do that, sorry.\n"); return 0; }

if (size == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE && daddress >= 0 && pec) { fprintf(stderr, "WARNING! All I2C chips and some SMBus chips " "will interpret a write\nbyte command with PEC as a" "write byte data command, effectively writing a\n" "value into a register!\n"); dont++; }

fprintf(stderr, "I will read from device file %s, chip " "address 0x%02x, ", filename, address);

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if (daddress < 0) fprintf(stderr, "current data\naddress"); else fprintf(stderr, "data address\n0x%02x", daddress); fprintf(stderr, ", using %s.\n", size == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE ? (daddress < 0 ? "read byte" : "write byte/read byte") : size == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA ? "read byte data" : "read word data"); if (pec) fprintf(stderr, "PEC checking enabled.\n");

fprintf(stderr, "Continue? [%s] ", dont ? "y/N" : "Y/n"); fflush(stderr); if (!user_ack(!dont)) { fprintf(stderr, "Aborting on user request.\n"); return 0; }

return 1; }

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *end; int res, i2cbus, address, size, file; int daddress; char filename[20]; int pec = 0; int flags = 0; int force = 0, yes = 0, version = 0;

/* handle (optional) flags first */ while (1+flags < argc && argv[1+flags][0] == '-') { switch (argv[1+flags][1]) { case 'V': version = 1; break; case 'f': force = 1; break; case 'y': yes = 1; break; default: fprintf(stderr, "Error: Unsupported option " "\"%s\"!\n", argv[1+flags]); help(); exit(1); } flags++; }

if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "i2cget version %s\n", VERSION); exit(0); }

if (argc < flags + 3) help();

i2cbus = lookup_i2c_bus(argv[flags+1]); if (i2cbus < 0) help();

address = parse_i2c_address(argv[flags+2]); if (address < 0) help();

if (argc > flags + 3) { size = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA; daddress = strtol(argv[flags+3], &end, 0); if (*end || daddress < 0 || daddress > 0xff) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Data address invalid!\n"); help(); } } else {

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size = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE; daddress = -1; }

if (argc > flags + 4) { switch (argv[flags+4][0]) { case 'b': size = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA; break; case 'w': size = I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA; break; case 'c': size = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE; break; default: fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid mode!\n"); help(); } pec = argv[flags+4][1] == 'p'; }

file = open_i2c_dev(i2cbus, filename, sizeof(filename), 0); if (file < 0 || check_funcs(file, size, daddress, pec) || set_slave_addr(file, address, force)) exit(1);

if (!yes && !confirm(filename, address, size, daddress, pec)) exit(0);

if (pec && ioctl(file, I2C_PEC, 1) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not set PEC: %s\n", strerror(errno)); close(file); exit(1); }

switch (size) { case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE: if (daddress >= 0) { res = i2c_smbus_write_byte(file, daddress); if (res < 0) fprintf(stderr, "Warning - write failed\n"); } res = i2c_smbus_read_byte(file); break; case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA: res = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(file, daddress); break; default: /* I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA */ res = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(file, daddress); } close(file);

if (res < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Read failed\n"); exit(2); }

printf("0x%0*x\n", size == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ? 4 : 2, res);

exit(0); }

i2cset.c /* i2cset.c - A user-space program to write an I2C register. Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, and Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com> Copyright (C) 2004-2012 Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */

#include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <linux/i2c-dev.h> #include "i2cbusses.h" #include "util.h" #include "../version.h"

static void help(void) __attribute__ ((noreturn));

static void help(void) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: i2cset [-f] [-y] [-m MASK] [-r] I2CBUS CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [VALUE] ... [MODE]\n" " I2CBUS is an integer or an I2C bus name\n" " ADDRESS is an integer (0x03 - 0x77)\n" " MODE is one of:\n" " c (byte, no value)\n" " b (byte data, default)\n" " w (word data)\n" " i (I2C block data)\n" " s (SMBus block data)\n" " Append p for SMBus PEC\n"); exit(1); }

static int check_funcs(int file, int size, int pec) { unsigned long funcs;

/* check adapter functionality */ if (ioctl(file, I2C_FUNCS, &funcs) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not get the adapter " "functionality matrix: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; }

switch (size) { case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE: if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "SMBus send byte"); return -1; } break;

case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA: if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "SMBus write byte"); return -1; } break;

case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA: if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "SMBus write word"); return -1; }

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break;

case I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA: if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "SMBus block write"); return -1; } break; case I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA: if (!(funcs & I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK)) { fprintf(stderr, MISSING_FUNC_FMT, "I2C block write"); return -1; } break; }

if (pec && !(funcs & (I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_PEC | I2C_FUNC_I2C))) { fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Adapter does " "not seem to support PEC\n"); }

return 0; }

static int confirm(const char *filename, int address, int size, int daddress, int value, int vmask, const unsigned char *block, int len, int pec) { int dont = 0;

fprintf(stderr, "WARNING! This program can confuse your I2C " "bus, cause data loss and worse!\n");

if (address >= 0x50 && address <= 0x57) { fprintf(stderr, "DANGEROUS! Writing to a serial " "EEPROM on a memory DIMM\nmay render your " "memory USELESS and make your system " "UNBOOTABLE!\n"); dont++; }

fprintf(stderr, "I will write to device file %s, chip address " "0x%02x, data address\n0x%02x, ", filename, address, daddress); if (size == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE) fprintf(stderr, "no data.\n"); else if (size == I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA || size == I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA) { int i;

fprintf(stderr, "data"); for (i = 0; i < len; i++) fprintf(stderr, " 0x%02x", block[i]); fprintf(stderr, ", mode %s.\n", size == I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA ? "smbus block" : "i2c block"); } else fprintf(stderr, "data 0x%02x%s, mode %s.\n", value, vmask ? " (masked)" : "", size == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA ? "byte" : "word"); if (pec) fprintf(stderr, "PEC checking enabled.\n");

fprintf(stderr, "Continue? [%s] ", dont ? "y/N" : "Y/n"); fflush(stderr); if (!user_ack(!dont)) { fprintf(stderr, "Aborting on user request.\n"); return 0; }

return 1; }

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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *end; const char *maskp = NULL; int res, i2cbus, address, size, file; int value, daddress, vmask = 0; char filename[20]; int pec = 0; int flags = 0; int force = 0, yes = 0, version = 0, readback = 0; unsigned char block[I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX]; int len;

/* handle (optional) flags first */ while (1+flags < argc && argv[1+flags][0] == '-') { switch (argv[1+flags][1]) { case 'V': version = 1; break; case 'f': force = 1; break; case 'y': yes = 1; break; case 'm': if (2+flags < argc) maskp = argv[2+flags]; flags++; break; case 'r': readback = 1; break; default: fprintf(stderr, "Error: Unsupported option " "\"%s\"!\n", argv[1+flags]); help(); exit(1); } flags++; }

if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "i2cset version %s\n", VERSION); exit(0); }

if (argc < flags + 4) help();

i2cbus = lookup_i2c_bus(argv[flags+1]); if (i2cbus < 0) help();

address = parse_i2c_address(argv[flags+2]); if (address < 0) help();

daddress = strtol(argv[flags+3], &end, 0); if (*end || daddress < 0 || daddress > 0xff) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Data address invalid!\n"); help(); }

/* check for command/mode */ if (argc == flags + 4) { /* Implicit "c" */ size = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE; } else if (argc == flags + 5) { /* "c", "cp", or implicit "b" */ if (!strcmp(argv[flags+4], "c") || !strcmp(argv[flags+4], "cp")) { size = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE; pec = argv[flags+4][1] == 'p'; } else { size = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA; } } else {

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/* All other commands */ if (strlen(argv[argc-1]) > 2 || (strlen(argv[argc-1]) == 2 && argv[argc-1][1] != 'p')) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid mode '%s'!\n", argv[argc-1]); help(); } switch (argv[argc-1][0]) { case 'b': size = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA; break; case 'w': size = I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA; break; case 's': size = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA; break; case 'i': size = I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA; break; default: fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid mode '%s'!\n", argv[argc-1]); help(); } pec = argv[argc-1][1] == 'p'; if (size == I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA || size == I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA) { if (pec && size == I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: PEC not supported for I2C block writes!\n"); help(); } if (maskp) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Mask not supported for block writes!\n"); help(); } if (argc > (int)sizeof(block) + flags + 5) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Too many arguments!\n"); help(); } } else if (argc != flags + 6) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Too many arguments!\n"); help(); } }

len = 0; /* Must always initialize len since it is passed to confirm() */

/* read values from command line */ switch (size) { case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA: case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA: value = strtol(argv[flags+4], &end, 0); if (*end || value < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Data value invalid!\n"); help(); } if ((size == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA && value > 0xff) || (size == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA && value > 0xffff)) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Data value out of range!\n"); help(); } break; case I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA: case I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA: for (len = 0; len + flags + 5 < argc; len++) { value = strtol(argv[flags + len + 4], &end, 0); if (*end || value < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Data value invalid!\n"); help(); } if (value > 0xff) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Data value out of range!\n"); help(); } block[len] = value; } value = -1; break; default: value = -1; break;

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}

if (maskp) { vmask = strtol(maskp, &end, 0); if (*end || vmask == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Data value mask invalid!\n"); help(); } if (((size == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE || size == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA) && vmask > 0xff) || vmask > 0xffff) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Data value mask out of range!\n"); help(); } }

file = open_i2c_dev(i2cbus, filename, sizeof(filename), 0); if (file < 0 || check_funcs(file, size, pec) || set_slave_addr(file, address, force)) exit(1);

if (!yes && !confirm(filename, address, size, daddress, value, vmask, block, len, pec)) exit(0);

if (vmask) { int oldvalue;

switch (size) { case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE: oldvalue = i2c_smbus_read_byte(file); break; case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA: oldvalue = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(file, daddress); break; default: oldvalue = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(file, daddress); }

if (oldvalue < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to read old value\n"); exit(1); }

value = (value & vmask) | (oldvalue & ~vmask);

if (!yes) { fprintf(stderr, "Old value 0x%0*x, write mask " "0x%0*x: Will write 0x%0*x to register " "0x%02x\n", size == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ? 4 : 2, oldvalue, size == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ? 4 : 2, vmask, size == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ? 4 : 2, value, daddress);

fprintf(stderr, "Continue? [Y/n] "); fflush(stderr); if (!user_ack(1)) { fprintf(stderr, "Aborting on user request.\n"); exit(0); } } }

if (pec && ioctl(file, I2C_PEC, 1) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not set PEC: %s\n", strerror(errno)); close(file); exit(1); }

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switch (size) { case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE: res = i2c_smbus_write_byte(file, daddress); break; case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA: res = i2c_smbus_write_word_data(file, daddress, value); break; case I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA: res = i2c_smbus_write_block_data(file, daddress, len, block); break; case I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA: res = i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(file, daddress, len, block); break; default: /* I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA */ res = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(file, daddress, value); break; } if (res < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Write failed\n"); close(file); exit(1); }

if (pec) { if (ioctl(file, I2C_PEC, 0) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not clear PEC: %s\n", strerror(errno)); close(file); exit(1); } }

if (!readback) { /* We're done */ close(file); exit(0); }

switch (size) { case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE: res = i2c_smbus_read_byte(file); value = daddress; break; case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA: res = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(file, daddress); break; default: /* I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA */ res = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(file, daddress); } close(file);

if (res < 0) { printf("Warning - readback failed\n"); } else if (res != value) { printf("Warning - data mismatch - wrote " "0x%0*x, read back 0x%0*x\n", size == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ? 4 : 2, value, size == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ? 4 : 2, res); } else { printf("Value 0x%0*x written, readback matched\n", size == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ? 4 : 2, value); }

exit(0); }

Utils/headers /* i2cbusses: Print the installed i2c busses for both 2.4 and 2.6 kernels. Part of user-space programs to access for I2C devices.

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*/

/* For strdup and snprintf */ #define _BSD_SOURCE 1

#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/param.h> /* for NAME_MAX */ #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <string.h> #include <strings.h> /* for strcasecmp() */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <limits.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <errno.h> #include "i2cbusses.h" #include <linux/i2c-dev.h>

enum adt { adt_dummy, adt_isa, adt_i2c, adt_smbus, adt_unknown };

struct adap_type { const char *funcs; const char* algo; };

static struct adap_type adap_types[5] = { { .funcs = "dummy", .algo = "Dummy bus", }, { .funcs = "isa", .algo = "ISA bus", }, { .funcs = "i2c", .algo = "I2C adapter", }, { .funcs = "smbus", .algo = "SMBus adapter", }, { .funcs = "unknown", .algo = "N/A", }, };

static enum adt i2c_get_funcs(int i2cbus) { unsigned long funcs; int file; char filename[20]; enum adt ret;

file = open_i2c_dev(i2cbus, filename, sizeof(filename), 1); if (file < 0) return adt_unknown;

if (ioctl(file, I2C_FUNCS, &funcs) < 0) ret = adt_unknown; else if (funcs & I2C_FUNC_I2C) ret = adt_i2c; else if (funcs & (I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WORD_DATA)) ret = adt_smbus; else ret = adt_dummy;

close(file); return ret; }

/* Remove trailing spaces from a string Return the new string length including the trailing NUL */ static int rtrim(char *s) {

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int i;

for (i = strlen(s) - 1; i >= 0 && (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\n'); i--) s[i] = '\0'; return i + 2; }

void free_adapters(struct i2c_adap *adapters) { int i;

for (i = 0; adapters[i].name; i++) free(adapters[i].name); free(adapters); }

/* We allocate space for the adapters in bunches. The last item is a terminator, so here we start with room for 7 adapters, which should be enough in most cases. If not, we allocate more later as needed. */ #define BUNCH 8

/* n must match the size of adapters at calling time */ static struct i2c_adap *more_adapters(struct i2c_adap *adapters, int n) { struct i2c_adap *new_adapters;

new_adapters = realloc(adapters, (n + BUNCH) * sizeof(struct i2c_adap)); if (!new_adapters) { free_adapters(adapters); return NULL; } memset(new_adapters + n, 0, BUNCH * sizeof(struct i2c_adap));

return new_adapters; }

struct i2c_adap *gather_i2c_busses(void) { char s[120]; struct dirent *de, *dde; DIR *dir, *ddir; FILE *f; char fstype[NAME_MAX], sysfs[NAME_MAX], n[NAME_MAX]; int foundsysfs = 0; int count=0; struct i2c_adap *adapters;

adapters = calloc(BUNCH, sizeof(struct i2c_adap)); if (!adapters) return NULL;

/* look in /proc/bus/i2c */ if ((f = fopen("/proc/bus/i2c", "r"))) { while (fgets(s, 120, f)) { char *algo, *name, *type, *all; int len_algo, len_name, len_type; int i2cbus;

algo = strrchr(s, '\t'); *(algo++) = '\0'; len_algo = rtrim(algo);

name = strrchr(s, '\t'); *(name++) = '\0'; len_name = rtrim(name);

type = strrchr(s, '\t'); *(type++) = '\0'; len_type = rtrim(type);

sscanf(s, "i2c-%d", &i2cbus);

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if ((count + 1) % BUNCH == 0) { /* We need more space */ adapters = more_adapters(adapters, count + 1); if (!adapters) return NULL; }

all = malloc(len_name + len_type + len_algo); if (all == NULL) { free_adapters(adapters); return NULL; } adapters[count].nr = i2cbus; adapters[count].name = strcpy(all, name); adapters[count].funcs = strcpy(all + len_name, type); adapters[count].algo = strcpy(all + len_name + len_type, algo); count++; } fclose(f); goto done; }

/* look in sysfs */ /* First figure out where sysfs was mounted */ if ((f = fopen("/proc/mounts", "r")) == NULL) { goto done; } while (fgets(n, NAME_MAX, f)) { sscanf(n, "%*[^ ] %[^ ] %[^ ] %*s\n", sysfs, fstype); if (strcasecmp(fstype, "sysfs") == 0) { foundsysfs++; break; } } fclose(f); if (! foundsysfs) { goto done; }

/* Bus numbers in i2c-adapter don't necessarily match those in i2c-dev and what we really care about are the i2c-dev numbers. Unfortunately the names are harder to get in i2c-dev */ strcat(sysfs, "/class/i2c-dev"); if(!(dir = opendir(sysfs))) goto done; /* go through the busses */ while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) { if (!strcmp(de->d_name, ".")) continue; if (!strcmp(de->d_name, "..")) continue;

/* this should work for kernels 2.6.5 or higher and */ /* is preferred because is unambiguous */ sprintf(n, "%s/%s/name", sysfs, de->d_name); f = fopen(n, "r"); /* this seems to work for ISA */ if(f == NULL) { sprintf(n, "%s/%s/device/name", sysfs, de->d_name); f = fopen(n, "r"); } /* non-ISA is much harder */ /* and this won't find the correct bus name if a driver has more than one bus */ if(f == NULL) { sprintf(n, "%s/%s/device", sysfs, de->d_name); if(!(ddir = opendir(n))) continue; while ((dde = readdir(ddir)) != NULL) {

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if (!strcmp(dde->d_name, ".")) continue; if (!strcmp(dde->d_name, "..")) continue; if ((!strncmp(dde->d_name, "i2c-", 4))) { sprintf(n, "%s/%s/device/%s/name", sysfs, de->d_name, dde->d_name); if((f = fopen(n, "r"))) goto found; } } }

found: if (f != NULL) { int i2cbus; enum adt type; char *px;

px = fgets(s, 120, f); fclose(f); if (!px) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: read error\n", n); continue; } if ((px = strchr(s, '\n')) != NULL) *px = 0; if (!sscanf(de->d_name, "i2c-%d", &i2cbus)) continue; if (!strncmp(s, "ISA ", 4)) { type = adt_isa; } else { /* Attempt to probe for adapter capabilities */ type = i2c_get_funcs(i2cbus); }

if ((count + 1) % BUNCH == 0) { /* We need more space */ adapters = more_adapters(adapters, count + 1); if (!adapters) return NULL; }

adapters[count].nr = i2cbus; adapters[count].name = strdup(s); if (adapters[count].name == NULL) { free_adapters(adapters); return NULL; } adapters[count].funcs = adap_types[type].funcs; adapters[count].algo = adap_types[type].algo; count++; } } closedir(dir);

done: return adapters; }

static int lookup_i2c_bus_by_name(const char *bus_name) { struct i2c_adap *adapters; int i, i2cbus = -1;

adapters = gather_i2c_busses(); if (adapters == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Out of memory!\n"); return -3; }

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/* Walk the list of i2c busses, looking for the one with the right name */ for (i = 0; adapters[i].name; i++) { if (strcmp(adapters[i].name, bus_name) == 0) { if (i2cbus >= 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: I2C bus name is not unique!\n"); i2cbus = -4; goto done; } i2cbus = adapters[i].nr; } }

if (i2cbus == -1) fprintf(stderr, "Error: I2C bus name doesn't match any " "bus present!\n");

done: free_adapters(adapters); return i2cbus; }

/* * Parse an I2CBUS command line argument and return the corresponding * bus number, or a negative value if the bus is invalid. */ int lookup_i2c_bus(const char *i2cbus_arg) { unsigned long i2cbus; char *end;

i2cbus = strtoul(i2cbus_arg, &end, 0); if (*end || !*i2cbus_arg) { /* Not a number, maybe a name? */ return lookup_i2c_bus_by_name(i2cbus_arg); } if (i2cbus > 0xFFFFF) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: I2C bus out of range!\n"); return -2; }

return i2cbus; }

/* * Parse a CHIP-ADDRESS command line argument and return the corresponding * chip address, or a negative value if the address is invalid. */ int parse_i2c_address(const char *address_arg) { long address; char *end;

address = strtol(address_arg, &end, 0); if (*end || !*address_arg) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Chip address is not a number!\n"); return -1; } if (address < 0x03 || address > 0x77) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Chip address out of range " "(0x03-0x77)!\n"); return -2; }

return address; }

int open_i2c_dev(int i2cbus, char *filename, size_t size, int quiet) { int file;

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snprintf(filename, size, "/dev/i2c/%d", i2cbus); filename[size - 1] = '\0'; file = open(filename, O_RDWR);

if (file < 0 && (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)) { sprintf(filename, "/dev/i2c-%d", i2cbus); file = open(filename, O_RDWR); }

if (file < 0 && !quiet) { if (errno == ENOENT) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not open file " "`/dev/i2c-%d' or `/dev/i2c/%d': %s\n", i2cbus, i2cbus, strerror(ENOENT)); } else { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not open file " "`%s': %s\n", filename, strerror(errno)); if (errno == EACCES) fprintf(stderr, "Run as root?\n"); } }

return file; }

int set_slave_addr(int file, int address, int force) { /* With force, let the user read from/write to the registers even when a driver is also running */ if (ioctl(file, force ? I2C_SLAVE_FORCE : I2C_SLAVE, address) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not set address to 0x%02x: %s\n", address, strerror(errno)); return -errno; }

return 0; }

/* i2cbusses.h */

#ifndef _I2CBUSSES_H #define _I2CBUSSES_H

#include <unistd.h>

struct i2c_adap { int nr; char *name; const char *funcs; const char *algo; };

struct i2c_adap *gather_i2c_busses(void); void free_adapters(struct i2c_adap *adapters);

int lookup_i2c_bus(const char *i2cbus_arg); int parse_i2c_address(const char *address_arg); int open_i2c_dev(int i2cbus, char *filename, size_t size, int quiet); int set_slave_addr(int file, int address, int force);

#define MISSING_FUNC_FMT "Error: Adapter does not have %s capability\n"

#endif

/* util.c - helper functions */

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#include <stdio.h> #include "util.h"

/* Return 1 if we should continue, 0 if we should abort */ int user_ack(int def) { char s[2]; int ret;

if (!fgets(s, 2, stdin)) return 0; /* Nack by default */

switch (s[0]) { case 'y': case 'Y': ret = 1; break; case 'n': case 'N': ret = 0; break; default: ret = def; }

/* Flush extra characters */ while (s[0] != '\n') { int c = fgetc(stdin); if (c == EOF) { ret = 0; break; } s[0] = c; } return ret; } /* util - helper functions */

#ifndef _UTIL_H #define _UTIL_H

extern int user_ack(int def);

#endif /* _UTIL_H */

Version.h #define VERSION "3.1.1"

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GPIO

Logical Number

Physical Number

1

32

2

33 3 34

5

36 7 38

8

39 9 81

10

82

11

40

12

41

# GPIO example 1: Output (take GPIO 32 as example) echo 32 > /sys/class/gpio/export echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio32/direction echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio32/value echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio32/value

# GPIO example 2: Input (take GPIO 32 as example) echo 32 > /sys/class/gpio/export echo in > /sys/class/gpio/gpio32/direction cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio32/value

6.2. How to use GPIO in Linux

6.2.1. GPIO Mapping Table

6.2.2. GPIO Sample Code

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#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h>

int main(void) { int fd = open("/dev/watchdog", O_WRONLY); int ret = 0; if (fd == -1) { perror("watchdog"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (1) { ret = write(fd, "\0", 1); if (ret != 1) { ret = -1; break; } puts("[WDT] Keep alive"); sleep(50); } close(fd); return ret; }

6.2.3. How to use Watchdog in Linux

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#sudo fdisk –l

# cd flash_emmc/rp100_emmc # ./fsl-sdcard-partition.sh –f /dev/mmcblk0

7. Appendix C: how to flash the image to eMMC

(For advanced users only) This is just an example ( form SMARC eval kit) if users have the ability to customize the system in the SD card. Users can flash the current SD image system (standard or customized by user) to eMMC by using the following method.

Use “fdisk -l” command to check current storage devices, current boot device is represented as /dev/mmcblk1, SMARC module’s eMMC device is /dev/mmcblk0

Flash Module eMMC:

Remember to remove the special dongle, then, you can boot from eMMC (the IB102 default status) with the above concept.

8. Appendix D – ADB configuration (For Android only)

Update the ADB configuration to scan for the new vendor ID. Below are the steps to update the ADB configuration for Windows PC. These steps (and the steps for Linux PC as well) can also be found in the R10,3.x user guide.

1. Run the SDK's tools to generate an ADB configure file: C:\Program Files\Android\android-sdk\tools> android.bat update adb

2. Modify the adb usb configure file to add the new vendor id 0x18d1.

File: X:\Profile\<your account>\.android\adb_usb.ini

# ANDROID 3RD PARTY USB VENDOR ID LIST -- DO NOT EDIT. # USE 'android update adb' TO GENERATE. # 1 USB VENDOR ID PER LINE. 0x15a2

0x18d1

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3. Unpack the Freescale Android USB win driver "android_usb_fsl.zip" in your Android BSP release package. If you can't find this file in your current package, please get the R10.3.x release for i.MX5x and unpack it.

4. File "tetherxp.inf" in the unpacked "android_usb_fsl" may not be the updated one if the "android_usb_fsl.zip" is extracted from an old release. So, please overwrite the file "tetherxp.inf" in unpacked "android_usb_fsl.zip" by the new "tetherxp.inf" in your current Android BSP release.

5. Enable the "USB debugging" option on the i.MX6 device System settings -> Developer options -> USB debugging

6. Connect the Android Device into PC, uninstall your old driver named "Android Phone" in the device manager, then re-install driver by scanning and locating .inf file under the directory you unpack the android_usb_fsl.zip manually.

7. Restart the ADB server

C:\Program Files\Android\android-sdk\platform-tools> adb kill-server C:\Program Files\Android\android-sdk\platform-tools> adb start-server

8. Finally, test your ADB connection

C:\Program Files\Android\android-sdk\platform-tools> adb devices List of devices attached

0123456789ABCDEF device

9. Appendix D –Useful links

For more information about Android, please visit:

http://developer.android.com/index.html

For more information Freescale i.MX6 CPU , please visit:

http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp?code=IMX_HOME

IBASE IB102 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual