Humboldt HM-2415 User Manual

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05.11

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HM-2415

Soil Volume Change Meter (PVC)

General Information

The HM-2415 Soil Volume Change Meter is used to evaluate potentially dangerous swelling or shrinking conditions existing in some clay soils used in residential and commercial developments. Severe damage to building foundations, walls, and ﬂoors can result when alteration of moisture in these soils causes volume change. This device yields PVC values which refer to the maximum possible volume change that a soil could undergo when subjected to changing moisture conditions.

Easily operated, the HM-2415 includes: H-4454.010, 1,000 lb. (4.5 kN) capacity proving ring, mold assembly, loading cap, porous stones, loading pistons, 2-3/4" (70 mm) dia. specimen ring (HM-1220.70), and conversion charts.

Related User Documentation Refer to The Character and Identiﬁcation of Expansive Soils, a guide (FHA-701) published by the Federal Housing Administration, Washington, D.C., USA for a more complete explanation of the relationship between environment, moisture conditions, and expansive soils. Instructions in the use of the Soil PVC Meter are also contained in FHA Guide 595.

Preparation of Sample

A. Remove approximately one pint of soil from the soil layer in which the

foundation will be placed.

B. Air dry sample by breaking the soil into small lumps and leaving it in the

sun for a few hours.

C. For testing soil samples in moist or wet condition. See FHA guide 701 .

Use of Compaction Hammer

A. Place the compaction hammer on the soil in the ring with the hammer

sleeve vertical and the rubber handle at the top. Make sure that the sleeve of the hammer rests inside the rings so that the hammer does not damage them in falling.

B. With one hand hold the sleeve in position.

C. With the other hand grasp the rubber handle and pull it all the way up

until it is stopped by the top of the sleeve; then drop the hammer by releasing the handle. This constitutes one blow, with the bottom of the hammer hitting the soil surface.

D. Repeat pulling the handle to the top limit and dropping the hammer as

often as prescribed for the particular test.

Compaction of Sample

A. Disassemble the Soil Volume Change Meter.

1. Remove crosshead (#11 Figure 1) and proving ring (#2) by loosening hex nuts (#21) at top of each rod. The rods may remain screwed into the base (#1 0) but place the crosshead and proving ring where it will not be jarred during compaction.

2. Unscrew and put aside the lucite container (#18) . Leave O·ring (#22} in place.

3. Remove compaction ring (#15) and spacer ring (#16) by unscrewing the 3 bolts (#23) holding them to the base (#1 0).

4. Wipe equipment with clean cloth.

B. Assemble meter for compaction.

1. Fit compaction ring (#15--the thicker ring) on base (#1 0) and align bolt holes with those in base.

2. Place spacer ring {#16) on compaction ring so the radial grooves are at top and align bolt holes with those in base.

3. Insert the 3 bolts (#23} through both the rings and the base and tighten ﬁrmly to base.

C. Place soil sample in ring assembly in 3 layers of equal amounts,

compacting each layer separately by use of the hammer.

1. Place 3 heaping teaspoonsful of sample in ring assembly and smooth lightly with hammer to ﬁrm up the surface before applying the blows. (This reduces the amount of soil "jumping" out of the mold during compaction.)

2. Place apparatus on a solid level ﬂoor.

3. Position sleeve of hammer 1/8" (3 mm) from soil and hold ﬁrmly against the inside of the spacer ring (#16). Be sure hammer sleeve rests inside rings so that hammer does not damage them in falling. Hold sleeve and hammer perpendicular and in line with supporting rods (#12).

4. Raise hammer to top of sleeve and let it fall free (not striking sides of sleeve). Space blows evenly over surface of sample by shifting hammer after each blow.

5. Repeat the process described in steps 1 - 4 for each layer, compacting the ﬁrst two layers with 7 blows each. After compacting both the ﬁrst and second layers, scratch the top surface of the layer with a knife to assure proper bond with the next layer.

6. Compact the last layer with a blows. After compaction, the last layer should extend approximately 1/4" (6.35 mm) into the spacer ring (#16). If it is signiﬁcantly below this point, remove entire sample and recompact.

D. Put assembly on table and remove the 3 bolts {#23). Rotate spacer

ring (#16}, to break bond between ring and soil, and remove carefully from sample. Rotate compaction ring (#15), to break bond between base and soil, and remove ring with sample from assembly.

E. Trim top of the sample in the compaction ring (#15) with a knife.

1. Hold knife against the compaction ring (#15) at all times during trimming to avoid dislodging sample.

2. Trim in a sawing motion, taking off only a small amount of soil at a time. Rotate the ring as you trim. Work from the edge toward the center.

3. When sample is almost level, do ﬁnal leveling by drawing a metal straight edge over sample.

4. The ﬁnal surface of the soil sample should be ﬁrm and smooth. Fill any voids by pressing additional soil into them with the knife or spoon.

5. Clean soil from base and from all holes in rings and base. With a toothpick or paperclip, remove soil in the groove of the spacer ring (#16) and from the holes in the spacer ring and the compaction ring {#15).

Test Procedure

The swell index test is essentially a measurement of the pressure exerted by a sample of compacted soil when it swells against a restraining force after being wetted.

A. Place spacer ring (#16 Figure 1) on base (#10) with radial grooves on top.

Align bolt holes with those on base.

8 . Place thoroughly dry porous stone (#14) in spacer ring (#16).

C. Pick up compaction ring (#15) containing sample, trimmed side up.

Carefully turn upside down the compaction ring containing sample and place ﬂush against porous stone in spacer ring (#16).

D. Align bolt holes in the two rings. Move compaction ring (#15) with as little

disturbance of sample as possible. Boll rings tightly to base.

E. Place a dry porous stone (#14) on top of sample inside compaction ring

(#15).

F. Replace lucite container (#18) onto base, screwing it tightly to ensure

water seal.

G. Place loading disc (#17) on porous stone (#14) with the center indentation

at the top.

H. Place crosshead (#11) with proving ring (#2) on the supporting rods (#12).

(Be sure that the adjustable rod which extends down from the proving ring dial does not strike the cover.) Add washers and nuts, then tighten ﬁrmly.

I. Set proving ring (#2) dial to zero by moving the band around the dial face.

Tighten the dial with the screw next to the top or the band. Push up on proving ring dial to see that it appears to work properly.

J. By loosening nut (#14), turn adjustable rod exactly into the center of the

indentation on top of the loading disc (#17}. Be sure that the loading disc is centered exactly over the stone. Firmly tighten lock nut (#14) on adjustable rod. Be sure adjustable rod does not stick in loading disc.

K. Again loosen nut {#14) to turn adjustable rod until dial reads one division

past zero. Tighten lock nut (#14) ﬁrmly until adjustable rod has no play.

L. Record the time and the proving ring reading.

M. Add water to sample by squeezing from squirt bottle into the holes

located at the top of compaction ring (#15) until water level in lucite container (#18) has covered the spacer ring (#16) and tops of the bolts. (This procedure is used to reduce the amount of air entrapped in the ring assembly and thus ensures that the sample has uniform access to water over its entire top and bottom surfaces.)

N. Allow soil to expand until completely stabilized or for a maximum of 2

hours, then read proving ring dial.

Interpretation of Dial Reading

A. To obtain the approximate PVC category and plasticity index, take

the reading from the proving ring dial directly to the table in Figure 5. Established on the basis of the swelling and shrinking behavior of the soil, the following categories of PVC have been established:

PVC Rating Category

Less than 2 Noncritical

2 to 4 Marginal 4 to 6 Critical Greater than 6 Very Critical

B. To obtain a more exact PVC category and plasticity index, refer to the

tables prepared for your speciﬁcally calibrated unit. These tables (in pounds, kilograms, and newtons) are separately supplied with this manual.

1. To calculate the equivalent swell index value in pounds per square foot, take the reading from the proving ring dial and subtract the one division that registered on the dial prior to swell.

2. Use this number on the proving ring calibration table to ﬁnd the load in pounds.

3. Calculate the equivalent swell index value in pounds per square foot by dividing the toad (in pounds) by the area of the specimen (.04164 SQ. ft.}.

Example:

Proving ring dial indicator reading less .0001" (1 div.) = 58

Corresponding load from proving ring calibration table = 200 lb.

(This reading is for a ﬁctitious proving ring .}

Swell index value in lb./sq. ft. = 200

. 04164

4. Use the swell index values calculated as above in pounds/square foot on the graphs in Figure 3, ﬁgure 4, and Figure 5 for determining the PVC category and plasticity of the soil.

Speciﬁcations

Mold Assembly: Includes porous stones and loading cap

Proving Ring: 1,000 lb. (4.5 kN) capacity; dial indicator

Other Components: Loading pistons; compaction hammer

Specimen Ring: 2-3/4" (70 mm) diam.

Sample Size: 10 teaspoons

Water Required: 5 oz.

Charts: Convert readings to lbs./sq. ft. and then to PVC (Potential Volume Change) rating

Dimensions: 7-1/4" diam. base x 15-1/2" h. (184 x 394 mm)

Weight: Net 25 lbs. (11.3 kg)

= 4803 lb./sq. ft

Parts List

Item Description Requred

1 Frame Pot. Vol. Change Meter 1

2 1 000 lb. Single Proving Ring 1

3 Standard Compaction Hammer

(Not Shown)

4 Corundum Porous Stone 2

5 Proving Ring Adapter 1

6 ~-20 x 1 3/4 Soc.Hd.Cap Screw 1

7 Cleaning Rod 1

10 Base 1

11 Crosshead 1

12 Supporting rod 2

13 Adjusting Screw 1

14 Lock Nut 1

15 Compaction Ring 1

16 Spacer Ring 1

17 Loading Disc 1

18 Lucite Container 1

19 Washer 2

21 Hex Nut 5/8-11 Th'd - St'l 2

22 "O"Ring 4~1.0 . X 4 3/4 0.0. X 1/8 1

23 5/16 -18 x 2 Hex Hd. Scr. 3

Figure 5 - Conversion Table

TABLE FOR CONVERTING PROVING RING READINGS TO

PVC CATEGORY AND APPROXIMATE PLASTICITY INDEX

Proving Ring

Reading

5 775 0.8 8.5 6 925 1.0 9.5 7 1075 1.2 10.7 8 1250 1.4 11.7 9 1375 1.4 12.7

10 1550 1.8 13.8

10.8 1675 2.0 14.6 11 1700 2.0 14.8 12 1875 2.2 15.8 13 2025 2.4 17.0 14 2175 2.65 18.0 15 2350 2.85 19.0 16 2500 3.05 20.0 17 2675 3.3 21.5 18 2800 3.45 22.5 19 2975 3.7 23.8 20 3150 3.9 25.0

20.3 3200 4.0 25.5 21 3300 4.1 26.0 22 3450 4.3 27.5 23 3600 4.5 28.5 24 3775 4.75 29.8 25 3925 4.95 30.8 26 4075 5.15 31.8 27 4225 5.4 33.0 28 4375 5.55 34.0 29 4525 5.75 35.3 30 4700 5.95 37.0

30.2 4725 6.00 37.1 31 4850 6.2 38.0 32 4975 6.35 39.0 33 5125 6.5 40.4 34 5275 6.7 41.7 35 5425 6.9 43.4 36 5575 7.1 44.2 37 5725 7.25 45.5 38 5850 7.4 46.6 39 6000 7.5 48.0

40 6150 7.65 49.5

40.5 6225 7.7 50.0

Swell Index

(#/SF)

PVC

Humboldt HM-2415 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual