Hukseflux VU01 User Manual

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USER MANUAL VU01

Ventilation unit for SR20 and SR22 pyranometers and IR20 pyrgeometers

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Warning statements

Always power off the ventilation unit when conducting maintenance or installing VU01.

VU01 may be used with SR20, SR20-D2, SR22, SR25, SR25-D1, IR20 & IR20WS sensors. VU01 is not meant to be used with other pyranometers and pyrgeometers.

Accidentally exchanging the VU01 cable and sensor cable will not damage the sensor, but the instrument and ventilation unit will not function.

In case of cable replacement or extension beyond 5 metres by the user, please note that the voltage drop across the regular VU01 cable becomes significant and that a cable with a lower electrical resistance must be used. Otherwise VU01 may not get a sufficient amount of power supply. The ventilator needs a supply between 10.8 and 13.2 VDC, otherwise it may cause damage to the fan.

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Contents

Warning statements 2 Contents 3 List of symbols 4 Introduction 5 1 Ordering and checking at delivery 7

1.1 Ordering VU01 7

1.2 Included items 7

1.3 Options 7

1.4 Quick instrument check 7

2 Instrument principle and theory 8 3 Specifications of VU01 9

3.1 Specifications of VU01 9

3.2 Dimensions of VU01 10

4 Standards and recommended practices for use 11 5 Installation of VU01 12

5.1 Installation of the ventilation unit 12

5.2 Installation of the sensor 12

5.3 Installation of the VU01 cover 13

5.4 Electrical connection of VU01 14

5.5 Power supply and cable length 15

5.6 Using the status signal for monitoring 17

6 Maintenance and trouble shooting 19

6.1 Recommended maintenance 19

6.2 Life expectancy 19

6.3 Trouble shooting 19

7 Appendices 21

7.1 Appendix on dust filter replacement 21

7.2 Appendix on tools for VU01 21

7.3 Appendix on spare parts for VU01 21

7.4 Appendix on cable extension / replacement 22

7.5 EC declaration of conformity 23

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List of symbols

Quantities Symbol Unit

Voltage output U V Electrical resistance R  Current I A Time in seconds t s Rotation rate N 1/min

Supply voltage U

supply

Voltage drop over cable U

drop

Fan voltage supply U

fan

Cable resistance R

cable



Wire resistance per meter Re

wire

/m

Cable length L

cable

Fan current draw I

fan

Fan status signal high U

S,high

Fan status signal low U

S,low

Rotation rate treshold Ng 1/min

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Introduction

VU01 is a high-quality ventilation unit for use with SR20 and SR22 pyranometers and IR20 pyrgeometers. Its purpose is to improve the dependability of the measurement. Measurement accuracy improves because offsets are reduced. Reliability benefits from prevention of dew and frost formation and quick evaporation and sublimation of water and snow. ISO/TR 9901 “Solar Energy - Field Pyranometers - Recommended practice for use” recommends use of ventilators where high accuracy and reliability are required.

VU01 provides an airflow over the instrument body and dome and has two heaters on board to heat the air. The use of heating (5W or 10W) is optional. The VU01 ventilation unit runs on 12 VDC voltage. VU01 may be used in combination with Hukseflux’ SR20, SR20-D2, SR22, SR25 and SR25-D1 secondary standard pyranometers and IR20 and IR20WS research grade pyrgeometers.

Ventilation promotes thermal equilibrium between all components of radiometers, and thereby reduces zero offsets. Dew and frost formation is prevented. Additional heating will promote evaporation of water droplets and sublimation of snow. It should be noted that heating in combination with pyranometers will lead to increased thermal offsets, so heating is only recommended if necessary.

Using VU01 is easy. The ventilator is generally used continuously; the heater is typically

controlled by the datalogger. ISO/TR 9901 “Solar Energy - Field Pyranometers - Recommended practice for use” recommends use of ventilators where high accuracy and

reliability are required. More details can be found in paragraph 5.2.2 and annex A. The Baseline Surface Radiation Network, BSRN, recommends ventilation for radiometers in its BSRN operations manual v2.1.

Figure 0.1 VU01 ventilation unit with SR20 secondary standard pyranometer

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VU01 is designed, using high-quality materials, in agreement with the recommendations of ISO/TR 9901 and BSRN. The footprint of VU01 is small, which prevents accumulation of snow. The ventilator power is relatively high in order to increase the airflow. The heaters should be activated using external relays. A fan status signal (high / low) may be used by the user to monitor rotation of the fan.

For specifications of pyranometers and pyrgeometers and general considerations concerning site selection and maintenance fur such instruments, please consult the SR20, SR20-D2, SR22, SR25, SR25-D1 and IR20 manuals.

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1 Ordering and checking at delivery

1.1 Ordering VU01

The standard configuration of VU01 is with 5 metres cable. Options are: longer cable (in multiples of 5 m and a pack of 5 dust filters. Consult Hukseflux for cable options. One dust filter and one spare dust filter are included with VU01.

1.2 Included items

Arriving at the customer, the delivery should include:

 ventilation unit VU01  cable of the length as ordered  sensor mounting hardware (affixed to VU01):

- (1 x) sensor mounting plate and gasket

- (4 x) M5x10 screw

 torx key T25 (1 x)  VU01 mounting hardware:

- (2 x) M5x60 screw

- (2 x) M5 retaining torque nut

- (4 x) ø 5 x 10

-3

m washer

 spare filter (1 x)  product certificate  any other options as ordered

1.3 Options

 longer cable, in multiples of 5 metres. Specify total cable length. Please consult

Hukseflux.

 pack of 5 filters. Specify order number VU01F.

1.4 Quick instrument check

A quick test of the ventilation unit can be done by using a simple hand held multimeter and a 12 VDC power supply, using the wiring diagram in chapter 5 of this manual.

1. Check the electrical resistance of the two heaters; 27 Ω each

2. Connect fan wires to a 12 VDC power supply: the fan should run

3. When running, the status of the fan can be monitored by measuring a fan status

signal (see chapter 5 for the optional status monitoring configuration instructions).

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2 Instrument principle and theory

Figure 2.1 Overview of VU01 with SR20:

(1) SR20 cable (2) SR20 connector (3) SR20 dome (4) VU01 cover (5) VU01 fixation of cover (6) VU01 levelling feet (7) VU01 filter retainer (8) VU01 ventilator, heaters and filter replacement system (below cover) (9) VU01 connector (10) VU01 cable and cable connector

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3 Specifications of VU01

3.1 Specifications of VU01

VU01 is a high-quality ventilation unit that may be used with pyranometer models SR20, SR20-D2, SR22, SR25 and SR25-D1, and pyrgeometer models IR20 and IR20WS. Its purpose is to improve the dependability of the measurement. Measurement accuracy improves because offsets are reduced. Reliability benefits from prevention of dew and frost formation and quick evaporation and sublimation of water and snow. For specifications of pyranometers and pyrgeometers, please consult the SR20, SR20-D2, SR22, SR25, SR25-D1 and IR20 manuals.

Table 3.1.1 Specifications of VU01 (continued on next page)

VU01 SPECIFICATIONS

Compatible instruments

SR20, SR20-D2, SR22, SR25, SR25-D1, IR20, IR20WS

Compliance with standards

ISO/TR 9901

BSRN operations manual

Rated operating power

7.8 W at 12 VDC (unheated)

Rated operating voltage range

10.8 to 13.2 V

Rated air flow

50 m3/hr

Rated operating temperature range

-40 to +70 oC

Fan status signal

2.5 VDC (optional use) High = fan OK = 2.5 V Low = fan NOT OK = ≤ 0.4 V

Heating

5 and 10 W at 12 VDC (optional use)

Increase of air temperature

0.5 oC at 0 W heating; 1.0 oC at 5 W heating;

1.5 oC at 10 W heating

Zero offset a SR20 ventilated

2.5 W/m

at 0 W heating

Offset SR20 by heating

-2 W/m

at 5 W heating

Offset SR20 by heating

-4 W/m

at 10 W heating

Offset IR20 by heating

0 W/m

at 5 W heating

Offset IR20 by heating

0 W/m

at 10 W heating

Cable resistance

0.3 Ω/m (2 x 0.15 Ω/m)

Voltage drop at 7.8 W ventilation

0.2 V/m

Voltage drop at 10 W heating power

0.12 V/m

Footprint diameter

0.17 m

Fan rotation rate

5050 to 5400 1/min at 12 VDC

Standard cable length (see options)

5 m

Cable diameter

5.3 x 10-3 m

VU01 connector

M16 straight connector, male thread, 10-pole

VU01 connector type

HUMMEL AG 7.820.400.000 straight connector, male thread, for cable 5 to 9 x 10-3 m

Cable connector

M16 straight connector, female thread, 10-pole

Cable connector type

HUMMEL AG 7.810.300.00M straight connector, female thread, for cable 3 to 6 x 10-3 m, special version

Connector protection class

IP67 / IP69K per EN 60 529 (connected)

Cable replacement

replacement cable with cable connector can be ordered separately from Hukseflux

IP protection class VU01

IP54

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Ø 5

140

Ø 165

124

Table 3.1.1 Specifications of VU01 (continued)

Gross weight including 5 m cable

1.55 kg

Net weight including 5 m cable

1.35 kg

Packaging

box of (330 x 250 x 220) mm

VERSIONS / OPTIONS / ACCESSORIES

Longer cable, in multiples of 5 metres

option code = total cable length; consult Hukseflux see chapter 5.5 on installation design considerations

Pack of 5 dust filters

order code = VU01F

3.2 Dimensions of VU01

Figure 3.2.1 Dimensions of VU01 in 10-3 m.

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4 Standards and recommended practices

for use

Pyranometers are classified according to the ISO 9060 standard and the WMO-No. 8 Guide. In any application the instrument should be used in accordance with the recommended practices of ISO, IEC, WMO and / or ASTM.

Pyrgeometers are not subject to standardisation. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations. It is the UN system's authoritative voice on the state and behaviour of the earth's atmosphere and climate. WMO publishes WMO-No. 8; Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, in which paragraph 7.4 covers "measurement of total and long-wave radiation". For ultra high accuracy measurements, the following manual may serve as a reference: Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) Operations Manual, Version 2.1, L. J. B. McArthur, April 2005, WCRP-121, WMO/TD-No. 1274. The BSRN manual also includes chapters on pyrgeometer installation and calibration.

Table 4.1 Standards with recommendations for instrument ventilation

STANDARDS FOR INSTRUMENT USE FOR SOLAR AND LONGWAVE RADIATION

ISO STANDARD

EQUIVALENT ASTM STANDARD

WMO

ISO/TR 9901:1990 Solar energy -- Field pyranometers -- Recommended practice for use

ASTM G183 - 05 Standard Practice for Field Use of Pyranometers, Pyrheliometers and UV Radiometers

WMO-No. 8; Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, chapter 7, measurement of radiation, 7.3 measurement of global and diffuse solar radiation, 7.4 measurement of total and long-wave radiation

BSRN Operations Manual, Version 2.1, April 2005

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5 Installation of VU01

5.1 Installation of the ventilation unit

Once the VU01 cover is removed, the ventilation unit can be mounted to a flat mounting surface using the supplied VU01 mounting hardware. Optionally a large hole can be made by the user in the mounting surface under VU01 if obstruction of the airflow from the sides is expected, for example by snow buildup. The hole diameter should not exceed 120 x 10-3 m.

5.2 Installation of the sensor

 Remove the pyranometer’s or pyrgeometer’s sun screen.  Attach the sensor mounting plate to the bottom of the sensor using two M5x10

screws (See Figure 5.2.1). A T25 torx key to do so is included with VU01.

 Affix the sensor with the sensor mounting plate to the ventilation unit using two

M5x10 screws (See Figure 5.2.1 for placement of the gasket).

 The sensor cable connector should be positioned alongside the engraved “cable”

marking on the VU01 base.

 The VU01 levelling feet can be used to fine-tune the sensor levelling. Even with the

VU01 cover installed (see next page), the sensor can still be levelled since the instrument’s bubble level is still visible below the VU01 cover.

Figure 5.2.1 VU01 base with gasket, sensor mounting plate and SR20 pyranometer: the instrument is affixed to VU01 using four M5x10 screws.

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5.3 Installation of the VU01 cover

To install:

 Connect the sensor cable connector (3) to the sensor, guiding the connector through

the designated hole in the VU01 cover

 Position the cover (2) at an angle on positioning pin (5)  Close the cover using positioning pin (5) as swivel point  Affix the cover using thumbscrew (1)  Connect the VU01 cable connector to the VU01 connector (4)

To remove cover:

 Loosen thumbscrew (1) by turning counterclockwise until the tapered part of the

thumbscrew is ejected from the ventilation unit base

 Lift the cover, tilting around positioning pin (5)

Figure 5.3.1 Installation and removal of ventilator cover: (1) VU01 thumbscrew, (2) VU01 cover, (3) sensor connector, (4) VU01 connector, (5) VU01 positioning pin.

Figure 5.3.2 Cutaway of VU01 showing internal components and SR20 pyranometer.

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5.4 Electrical connection of VU01

The cables of VU01 and Hukseflux secondary standard pyranometers and research grade pyrgeometers have an identical M16 straight connector. Do not connect the VU01 connector to the SR20 / SR22 / SR25 / IR20 cable and do not connect the SR20 / SR22 / SR25 / IR20 connector to the VU01 cable; both VU01 and the sensor will not function.

Cables generally act as a source of distortion, by picking up capacitive noise. We recommend keeping the distance between VU01 and a power supply as short as possible. For cable extension, see the next paragraph and appendix on this subject.

Table 5.4.1 The electrical connection of VU01. The heaters and fan status signal are not necessarily used; their use is optional.

WIRE VU01

CONNECTION

Brown fan [+]

12 VDC [+]

Yellow

fan [−]; fan status signal [−]

common [−]

Blue

fan status signal [+]

2.5 VDC [+]

Red

heater 1 [+]

12 VDC [+]

Grey

heater 1 [−]

common [−]

Pink

heater 2 [+]

12 VDC [+]

Green

heater 2 [−]

common [−]

White

not connected

Black shield

ground

Optionally the user can measure a fan status signal to monitor the status of the fan as shown in the wiring diagram in figure 5.6.2. See paragraph 5.6 in this manual on using the fan status signal.

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5.5 Power supply and cable length

Standard VU01 is delivered with a cable length of 5 m. Longer cable lengths, in multiples of 5 metres, are offered by Hukseflux. Please consult Hukseflux.

In case of cable replacement or extension beyond 5 m, please note that the voltage drop across the regular VU01 cable becomes significant and that a cable with a lower electrical resistance must be used. Otherwise VU01 may not get a sufficient amount of power supply. The ventilator needs a supply between 10.8 and 13.2 VDC.

Voltage drop is the part of the power supply voltage that is lost along the circuit leading to the equipment. In this case the voltage drop is caused by the electrical resistance of the cable. The voltage drop is proportional to the current and to the the electrical resistance of the 2 wires in the cable leading to the ventilator; a high cable resistance casuses a high voltage drop. VU01 power consumption is 7.8 W at a low voltage (12 VDC). The current that is needed, 0.66 A, causes a significant voltage drop.

Using a 12 VDC power supply and a cable of 5 m, the voltage drop is around 1 V and the VU01 ventilator will effectively run on 11 VDC.

To prevent VU01 from receiving an supply voltage that is too low, the user can choose between the following options:

1. Move the power supply closer to VU01, thereby reducing cable length;

2. Use a cable with lower electrical resistance per meter;

3. Use a combination of the above

Cable resistance and voltage drop can be calculated using the ventilator current draw:

drop

= I

fan∙Rcable

cable

= 2∙(Re

wire∙Lcable

)

fan

= U

supply

- U

drop

Table 5.5.1 Power supply variables

SYMBOL

QUANTITY

VALUE

supply

Supply voltage [V]

drop

Voltage drop over cable [V]

fan

Fan voltage supply [V]

10.8 to 13.2 VDC (12 V nominal)

cable

Cable resistance [Ω]

wire

Wire resistance per meter [Ω/m]

cable

Cable length [m]

fan

Fan current draw [A]

590 to 660 mA (655 mA nominal)

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The table below shows the voltage drop for several cable lengths and AWG (American wire gauge). Different AWG wires differ in wire diameter and electrical resistance. The table may be used to estimate the right type of wiring for installations using up to 50 metres of cable; i.e. 100 m of internal wire. Check your cable distributor for actual resistance values. Acceptable voltage drops, when using a 12 VDC power supply, are indicated by grey shading.

Table 5.5.2 Voltage drop for different cable lengths and AWG wires. Wires length is 2 times cable length. Resistance values are retrieved from ASTM B258-14.

AWG 26

AWG24

AWG 22

AWG 20

AWG 18

AWG 16

AWG 14

Cable

length

drop

[m]

[V]

[V] 1 0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0 5 1

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

10 1.1

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

1.0

0.6

0.4

0.3

0.2

20 0.9

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.8

0.5

0.3

40 0.7

0.4

50 0.9

0.5

Examples: For a cable length of 50 metres, the resistance of AWG16 is low enough to deliver 11.1 V to VU01 when using a 12 VDC power supply. For a cable length of 15 metres, AWG 26 and AWG 24 cabling should not be used because the voltage drop prohibits VU01 from receiving a sufficient amount of power.

Warning: Voltage supply to VU01 must be between 10.8 and 13.2 VDC, higher voltages may cause damage to the fan. The voltage supplied to VU01 should be measured when VU01 is connected.

Combinations of different cable lengths, AWG sizes and voltage supply are also possible, but have to be calculated for each case.

Standard VU01 is delivered with a cable length of 5 m. Longer cable lengths, in multiples of 5 metres, are offered by Hukseflux. Please consult Hukseflux.

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5.6 Using the status signal for monitoring

VU01 provides users with a fan status signal which may be used to monitor rotation of the fan. Using the fan status signal is optional. The fan status signal is either high (OK) or low (not OK). The VU01 status signal emits a high, continuous signal during troublefree operation of the fan. When the fan is running too slowly or not at all, a low signal is provided. When opting for using the signal, please read this chapter and see paragraph

5.4 for the electrical connection of VU01.

A signal, U

S,high

, is provided when the fan rotation rate N is above the fan rotation rate

threshold, N

of 1500 rotations per minute. The signal is 2.5 V. When the fan is running

too slowly or not at all, a low signal U

S,low

is provided. The fan status signal will only

function when VU01 itself is powered.

Figure 5.6.1 A fan status signal, U

S,high

, is provided when the fan rotation rate N is above the fan rotation rate treshold Ng. The fan status signal emits a high, continuous signal during trouble-free operation of the fan. When the fan is running too slowly or not at all, a low signal U

S,low

is provided. Using the fan status signal is optional.

Table 5.6.1 Fan status signal variables

SYMBOL

QUANTITY

VALUE

STATUS

S,high

Fan status signal high [V]

2.5 V

S,low

Fan status signal low [V]

≤ 0.4 V

not OK N Fan rotation rate [1/min]

Fan rotation rate threshold [1/min]

1500 / min ± 100 /min

Fan status signal start-up interval [s]

< 15 s

time [s]

[V]

N [1/min]

(rotation rate)

S, high

S, low

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VU01 includes an internal load resistor, allowing direct use of the fan status signal. To use the optional status signal, the user has to measure the signal between the blue (fan status signal [+]) and yellow (fan status signal [-]) wire, as shown in Figure 5.6.2.

Figure 5.6.2 Wiring diagram required to use VU01’s fan status signal. To use the optional status signal, the user has to measure the signal between the blue and yellow wire. The use of the fan status signal is optional. See table 5.4.1 for the electrical connection of VU01.

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6 Maintenance and trouble shooting

6.1 Recommended maintenance

For maintenance and trouble shooting of pyranometers or pyrgeometers consult the SR20, SR20-D2, SR22, SR25, SR25-D1 or IR20 manual. When conducting maintenance on VU01, always power off the ventilation unit. Powering off VU01 may be done by disconnecting the VU01 connector.

Table 6.1.1 Recommended maintenance of VU01

6.2 Life expectancy

The life expectancy of the fan itself is more than 45.000 hours under normal operating conditions.

6.3 Trouble shooting

Table 6.3.1 Trouble shooting for VU01

PROBLEM

SOLUTION

Fan and / or heaters do not function

check wiring for correct connection of [+] and [-] check power supply

Fan does not work

check for obstructions of fan

Fan provides little airflow

check for obstructions of airflow replace dust filter if clogged check wiring connections

MINIMUM RECOMMENDED VENTILATION UNIT MAINTENANCE

INTERVAL

SUBJECT

ACTION

1 week

check

check the operational status of the ventilator and heaters by checking the optional fan status signal or by on-site inspection

1 week

cleaning

clean ventilator cover and ensure air inlet is free of obstructions such as leaves or snow buildup

6 months

filter

replace dust filter, as described in the appendix

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7 Appendices

7.1 Appendix on dust filter replacement

Dust filters have to be replaced manually. Filters may be re-used several times after cleaning with water and soap. Hukseflux offers a pack of 5 replacement dust filters as an option. The replacement interval depends on local conditions, and may vary from 1 week to 6 months.

To replace the dust filter:

 Power off the ventilation unit by disconnecting the VU01 connector  Insert the tip of a flat screwdriver in the designated slot of the front side the filter

retainer

 Turn the screwdriver 90 ° to detach the filter retainer from the finger guard  Replace the used filter cloth with a fresh filter (spare part VU01F)  Slide the filter retainer under the ventilation unit  Lift and click the filter retainer in place

7.2 Appendix on tools for VU01

Table 7.2.1 Specifications of tools for VU01

tooling required for sensor mounting and removal

torx key T25 (included)

tooling required for fixing VU01 to platform

hex key 3

tooling required for filter replacement

screwdriver, flat

7.3 Appendix on spare parts for VU01

 levelling feet (set of 2)  static foot  cover  pack of 5 dust filters  cable with cable connector (specify length in multiples of 5 m). Consult Hukseflux.

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7.4 Appendix on cable extension / replacement

When opting for cable extension or cable replacement please note the voltage drop in cabling. In case of cables longer than 5 metres, consult Hukseflux. See the specific paragraph in this manual about power supply and cable length.

The cable of VU01 is equipped with a M16 straight connector. In case of cable replacement, it is recommended to purchase a new cable with cable connector at Hukseflux. An alternative is to choose a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) approach; please ask for the DIY connector assembly guide. In case of cable extension, the user may choose between purchasing a new cable with cable connector at Hukseflux or extending the existing cable himself. Please note that Hukseflux does not provide support for DIY connector- and cable assembly. Cables act as a source of distortion by picking up capacitive noise. Keep the distance between VU01 and power supply as short as possible. VU01 connector, cable and cable connection specifications are summarised below.

Table 7.4.1 Preferred specifications for VU01 cable replacement and extension

General replacement

please order a new cable with connector at Hukseflux or choose a DIY approach. In case of DIY replacement by the user see connector specifications below and ask for the DIY connector assembly guide

General cable extension

please order a new cable with connector at Hukseflux or solder the new cable conductors and shield to the original sensor cable and make a connection, using adhesive-lined heat shrink tubing, with specifications for outdoor use. Always connect shield. See chapter 5.5.

Connectors used

VU01: M16 straight connector, male thread, 10-pole, HUMMEL AG

7.820.400.000 straight connector, for cable 5 to 9 x 10-3 m cable: M16 straight connector, female thread, 10-pole, HUMMEL AG

7.810.300.00M straight connector, for cable 3 to 6 x 10-3 m, special version

Cable

8-wire, shielded, with copper conductors (at Hukseflux 8-wire shielded cable is used, of which 2 wires are used to power the fan, 4 for heating and 1 for the alarm signal)

Wire resistance

< 0.15 /m. See chapter 5.5.

Length

cables should be kept as short as possible, in case of cables longer than 5 m, consult Hukseflux.

Outer sheath

with specifications for outdoor use (for good stability in outdoor applications)

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7.5 EC declaration of conformity

We, Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. Delftechpark 31 2628 XJ Delft The Netherlands

in accordance with the requirements of the following directive:

2004/108/EC The Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

hereby declare under our sole responsibility that:

Product model: VU01 Product type: Ventilation unit

has been designed to comply and is in conformity with the relevant sections and applicable requirements of the directive.

Kees VAN DEN BOS Director Delft October 24, 2013

www.hukseflux.com

Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. reserves the right to change specifications without notice.

Hukseflux VU01 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual