HT PQA400, PQA824, PQA823 User Manual
Copyright HT ITALIA 2017 Release EN 2.10 - 02/05/2017
PQA400 – PQA823 – PQA824
User manual
PQA823 - PQA824 - PQA400
EN - 1
Contents:
1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES ............................................................. 4
1.1. General ................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2. Preliminary instructions ......................................................................................................... 4
1.3. During use ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.4. After use ................................................................................................................................ 5
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 6
2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. Functions ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.3. Initial screen .......................................................................................................................... 6
3. PREPARE TO USE ..................................................................................................... 7
3.1. Initial check ........................................................................................................................... 7
3.2. Instrument power supply ....................................................................................................... 7
3.3. Storage .................................................................................................................................. 7
4. HOW TO OPERATE ................................................................................................... 8
4.1. Instrument description ........................................................................................................... 8
4.2. Keyboard description ............................................................................................................ 9
4.3. Display description .............................................................................................................. 10
4.4. Reset of meter ..................................................................................................................... 10
5. GENERAL MENU ..................................................................................................... 11
5.1. General settings .................................................................................................................. 12
5.1.1. Language selection .................................................................................................................. 12
5.1.2. Date/Time settings .................................................................................................................... 13
5.1.3. Display brightness adjust .......................................................................................................... 14
5.1.4. Protection Password setting ..................................................................................................... 14
5.1.5. Sound keys setting ................................................................................................................... 15
5.1.6. Auto power off setting ............................................................................................................... 16
5.1.7. Memory type setting ................................................................................................................. 17
5.1.8. “Touch screen” calibration ........................................................................................................ 17
5.2. Real Time Values ................................................................................................................ 18
5.2.1. Real time values ....................................................................................................................... 18
5.2.2. SCOPE waveforms screens ..................................................................................................... 22
5.2.3. HARM analysis screens ........................................................................................................... 24
5.2.4. Vectorial diagrams screens ...................................................................................................... 26
5.3. Analyzer Settings ................................................................................................................ 28
5.3.1. Analyzer Configuration screen ................................................................................................. 28
5.3.1.1. Setting system frequency ................................................................................................................ 33
5.3.1.2. Setting clamp type ........................................................................................................................... 34
5.3.1.3. Setting full scale of clamps .............................................................................................................. 34
5.3.1.4. Setting VT ratio ................................................................................................................................ 34
5.3.2. Advanced Settings screen ........................................................................................................ 34
5.3.2.1. Zoom graphics option ...................................................................................................................... 35
5.3.2.2. Harmonics type option ..................................................................................................................... 35
5.3.2.3. Harmonics values option ................................................................................................................. 36
5.3.2.4. Zoom with respect to the 1st harmonic option ................................................................................. 36
5.3.2.5. Average value option ....................................................................................................................... 37
5.4. Recording settings .............................................................................................................. 38
5.4.1. Recording settings screen ........................................................................................................ 38
5.4.2. Comments ................................................................................................................................ 39
5.4.2.1. Use of virtual keyboard .................................................................................................................... 39
5.4.3. Start and Stop ........................................................................................................................... 40
5.4.4. Integration period ...................................................................................................................... 40
5.4.5. Cogenerations .......................................................................................................................... 40
5.4.6. General Parameters ................................................................................................................. 41
5.4.6.1. General Parameters: sub-levels description .................................................................................... 43
5.4.6.2. Harmonics: sub-levels description ................................................................................................... 44
5.4.7. Voltage Anomalies .................................................................................................................... 45
5.4.8. Inrush current (only PQA82x) ................................................................................................... 47
5.4.9. Flicker (only PQA82x) ............................................................................................................... 48
5.4.10. Unbalance ................................................................................................................................. 49
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5.4.11. Spike (only PQA824) ................................................................................................................ 49
5.4.12. Predefined configurations ......................................................................................................... 50
5.4.13. Start a recording ....................................................................................................................... 58
5.4.13.1. Automatic start of recording ............................................................................................................. 60
5.4.14. During a recording .................................................................................................................... 61
5.5. Saved data management section ........................................................................................ 63
5.5.1. Recording analysis (Reg type) ................................................................................................. 64
5.5.1.1. Recording information ..................................................................................................................... 64
5.5.1.2. Recording graph .............................................................................................................................. 65
5.5.1.3. Dips ans swells ................................................................................................................................ 67
5.5.1.4. Fast transient ................................................................................................................................... 68
5.5.1.5. Inrush currents ................................................................................................................................ 70
5.5.1.6. EN50160 ......................................................................................................................................... 72
5.5.1.7. Analysis of consumed energy .......................................................................................................... 74
5.5.1.8. Analysis of producted energy .......................................................................................................... 75
5.5.2. Recording analysis (Istant type) ............................................................................................... 76
5.5.2.1. Recording information ..................................................................................................................... 76
5.5.2.2. Graph .............................................................................................................................................. 77
5.5.2.3. Harmonics analysis ......................................................................................................................... 77
5.5.2.4. Vectors ............................................................................................................................................ 78
5.5.2.5. Measures ......................................................................................................................................... 79
5.5.3. Transfer recordings to a external Pen Driver USB ................................................................... 80
5.5.4. Saving recordings to external Compact Flash (only PQA82x) ................................................. 81
5.6. Meter information ................................................................................................................ 82
6. CONNECTION OF METER TO PC (WITH WIN XP) ................................................. 83
7. MEASURING PROCEDURES .................................................................................. 84
7.1. Using of meter in a Single phase system – ENG type ........................................................ 84
7.2. Using of meter in a Single phase system – ENG_UK type ................................................. 85
7.3. Using of meter in a 3-phase 4 wire system – ENG type ...................................................... 86
7.4. Using of meter in a 3-phase 4 wire system – ENG_UK type ............................................... 87
7.5. Using of meter in a Three phase 3 wire system – ENG type .............................................. 88
7.6. Using of meter in a Three phase 3 wire system – ENG_UK type ....................................... 89
7.7. Using of meter in a Three phase 3 wire ARON system – ENG type ................................... 90
7.8. Using of meter in a 3-phase 3 wire ARON system – ENG_UK type ................................... 91
7.9. Using of meter in a 3-phase 4-wire 3PHL (USA system) – ENG type ................................. 92
7.10. Using in a 3-phase 4-wire 3PHL (USA system) – ENG_UK type .................................... 93
7.11. Using of meter in a 3-phase 3-wire 3POD (USA system) – ENG type ............................ 94
7.12. Using of meter in 3-phase 3-wire 3POD (USA system) – ENG_UK type ........................ 95
7.13. Using of meter in a 3 wire 3P2E (USA system) – ENG type ........................................... 96
7.14. Using of meter in a 3 wire 3P2E (USA system) – ENG_UK type .................................... 97
7.15. Using of meter in a 3 wire 3POY (USA system) – ENG type .......................................... 98
7.16. Using of meter in a 3 wire 3POY (USA system) – ENG_UK type ................................... 99
7.17. Using of meter in a 3 wire 1PH3W (USA system) – ENG type ..................................... 100
7.18. Using of meter in a 3 wire 1PH3W (USA system) – ENG_UK type .............................. 101
8. MAINTENANCE ...................................................................................................... 102
8.1. General ............................................................................................................................. 102
8.2. Situations relative to internal battery ................................................................................. 102
8.3. Cleaning ............................................................................................................................ 102
8.4. End of life .......................................................................................................................... 102
9. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................. 103
9.1. Technical features ............................................................................................................. 103
9.2. General features ............................................................................................................... 105
9.3. Environment ...................................................................................................................... 105
9.3.1. Climatic condition ................................................................................................................... 105
9.4. Accessories ....................................................................................................................... 105
10. APPENDIX – THEORETICAL OUTLINES .............................................................. 106
10.1. Voltage Anomalies ........................................................................................................ 106
10.2. Voltage and current Harmonics ..................................................................................... 106
10.2.1. Theory ..................................................................................................................................... 106
10.2.2. Limit values for harmonic voltage ........................................................................................... 107
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10.2.3. Presence of harmonics: causes ............................................................................................. 108
10.2.4. Presence of harmonics: consequences ................................................................................. 108
10.3. Inrush currents (only PQA82x) ...................................................................................... 109
10.4. Flicker ............................................................................................................................ 110
10.5. Supply voltage unbalance ............................................................................................. 111
10.6. Voltage fast transients (spikes) (only PQA824) ............................................................. 112
10.7. Power and power factor: definitions .............................................................................. 114
10.7.1. Conventions on powers and power factors ............................................................................ 115
10.7.2. Three phase 3 wire ARON system ......................................................................................... 116
10.8. Measuring method: outlines .......................................................................................... 117
10.8.1. Integration period .................................................................................................................... 117
10.8.2. Power factor calculations ........................................................................................................ 117
11. AFTER-SALE SERVICE ......................................................................................... 118
11.1. Warranty ........................................................................................................................ 118
11.2. Service .......................................................................................................................... 118
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1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES
1.1. GENERAL
This meter has been designed in compliance to IEC/EN61010-1 directive. For your own
safety and to avoid damaging the instrument we suggest you follow the procedures hereby
prescribed and to read carefully all the notes preceded by the symbol .
Before and during measurements please take care of below points:
Do not measure voltage or current in wet or dusty places.
Do not measure in presence of gas, explosive materials or combustibles.
Do not touch the circuit under test if no measurement is being taken.
Do not touch exposed metal parts, unused terminals, circuits and so on.
Do not use the meter if it seems to be malfunctioning (i.e. if you notice deformations,
breaks, leakage of substances, absence of messages on the display and so on).
The below symbols are used in this manual and on meter:
Caution: keep to what prescribed by the manual. An incorrect use could damage
the instrument or its components.
High voltage: risk of electric shock.
Double insulation.
The voltages indicates on the left of this symbol are referred to ground
1.2. PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS
This instrument has been designed for use in places with pollution class 2.
It can be used for VOLTAGE and CURRENT measurements on installations of excess
voltage CAT IV 600V to earth and a CAT III 1000V maximum voltage between inputs
We recommend following the normal safety rules devised by the procedures for
carrying out operations on live systems and using the prescribed PPE to protect the
user against dangerous currents and the instrument against incorrect use
In case the lack of warning against the presence of voltage may constitute a danger for
the operator always carry out a continuity measurement before carrying out the
measurement of the live system to confirm the correct connection and condition of the
leads
Only the accessories supplied with the instrument guarantee compliance with the
safety standards. Accordingly, they must be in good conditions and, if necessary, they
must be replaced with identical models.
Do not take measurements on circuits exceeding the specified current and voltage
limits.
Before connecting cables, crocodiles and clamps to the circuit under test, make sure
that the right function has been selected.
CAUTION
Please perform a complete charging of internal battery for at least 5 hours
before using the meter the first time.
Please press and hold the ON/OFF key for about 5s when turning on the
meter the first time.
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1.3. DURING USE
Please read carefully the below points:
CAUTION
Should you fail to keep to the prescribed instructions you could damage the
instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety.
Do not touch any unused terminal when the meter is connected to the circuit on test.
When measuring current, other currents located near the leads may affect the
measuring accuracy.
When measuring current, always position the wire in the very middle of the jaws in
order to obtain the highest accuracy.
A measured value remains constant if the "HOLD" function is active. Should you notice
that the measured value remains unchanged, disable the “HOLD” function.
1.4. AFTER USE
After use, turn off the instrument by pressing ON/OFF key for a few seconds.
If you expect not to use the instrument for a long time please keep to the storage
instructions described at § 3.3.
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2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
2.1. INTRODUCTION
This user manual is common to all meters and the PQA823, PQA824 models are indicated
as “PQA82x”. The differences between meters, if necessary, are clearly declared in
manual. Each model is generically called “meter”.
2.2. FUNCTIONS
This meter are able to performs:
Real time visualization of numeric values of any electrical parameters of a single phase
and three-phase 3-wire or 4-wire systems, harmonic analysis of voltages and currents
up to 64th order, Voltage anomalies (surge and dips) with 10ms resolution, Flicker (Pst,
Plt) of input voltages (PQA82x only), voltages unbalance, inrush current measurements
(PQA82x only) and fast voltage transients analysis with 5s resolution (PQA824 only).
Real time display of any input signal waveform, histogram graphics of harmonics
analysis and vectorial diagrams of mutual angles between voltages and currents.
Recording (by pressing GO/STOP key) of this values: TRMS values of voltages,
currents, corresponding harmonics, active, reactive and apparent powers, power
factors and cosphi, active, reactive and apparent energies, voltage anomalies. It will
be possible to analyze the recorded data ONLY by transferring them to a PC.
Saving (by pressing SAVE key) of a “Instant” sampled of instantaneous values of any
parameters present at instrument input inside memory. It will be possible to analyze
the memorized data ONLY by transferring them to a PC.
2.3. INITIAL SCREEN
When turning on the instrument by pressing ON/OFF key, this below screen will appear for
a few seconds:
PQA824
HT
Sn:15030004 Ver:1.37
Calibration Date: 09/09/2015
Here you can see (besides model code and manufacturer name):
The serial number of the meter (Sn:).
The release of internal meter Firmware (Rel:).
Date of last calibration (Calibration Date:).
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3. PREPARE TO USE
3.1. INITIAL CHECK
This meter has been checked before shipment from an electrical and mechanical point of
view. All possible precautions have been taken in order to deliver it in perfect condition.
Notwithstanding, on receipt of the instrument we suggest that you check it summarily to
make sure that no damage has occurred in transit. Should you find irregularities please
contact the carrier immediately.
Furthermore, please make sure that the parcel contains all the accessories and parts listed
at enclosed packing list. In case of discrepancies please contact your dealer. Should it be
necessary to return the instrument to the supplier please keep to the instructions given at
chapter 11.
3.2. INSTRUMENT POWER SUPPLY
The instrument can be powered only by a rechargeable Li-ION battery (3.7V, 1900mAh)
which is included with the meter. Use only the external adapter standard supplied with
meter for charging battery (see § 8.2 for more details).
CAUTION
For recordings use ALWAYS the external adapter (even the instrument
allows the operator to perform a recording using internal battery).
CAUTION
Please perform a complete charging of internal battery for at least 5
hours before the first use of meter.
The meter uses the below options to increase the battery duration:
Automatically reduction of display brightness after about 30s from last operation
performed with meter, with external adapter not connected.
Auto Power OFF feature after about 5 minutes from the last operation on function keys
or display touch screen with external adapter not connected (see § 5.1.6).
3.3. STORAGE
To guarantee accurate measurements, after a long storage period in severe environmental
conditions wait until the instrument resumes its normal conditions (see environmental
conditions listed at § 9.3.1).
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4. HOW TO OPERATE
4.1. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
CAPTION:
1. Voltage and Current inputs
2. TFT display with “touchscreen”
3. F1 – F4 keys
4. Arrows keys and ENTER key
5. GO/STOP key
6. SAVE key
7. ON/OFF key
8. Input for external adapter
9. HELP key
10. ESC key
11. Output per external compact flash
connection (not available for
PQA400)
12. Output per external USB driver
connection
13. USB output for PC connection
Fig. 1: Description of meter's front panel
1
2
3
4
CAPTION:
1. B1-B4 inputs for voltage
connections on L1, L2, L3 phases
and neutral N
2. BE input for Ground connection
3. Inputs for currents connections on
L1, L2, L3
4. Input for neutral N current
connection not available for
PQA400)
Fig. 2: Description of meter's input terminals
COMPACT FLASH
1
2
3
4
5
CAPTION:
1. Input for external adapter
2. Output for compact flash not
available for PQA400) (*)
3. Output for external driver USB (*)
4. RESET command
5. USB output for PC connection (*)
Fig. 3: Description of meter's output connectors
(*) Use the output connectors included into the lateral side only with meter OFF. This outputs should be
interested by electrostatic discharges (ESD).
ESD Warnin
g
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4.2. KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION
The below keys are available:
Key ON/OFF: Press this key to turn on the meter. Press and hold the key for few
seconds to turn off the meter.
Keys F1, F2, F3, F4: Multifunction keys. The various functions are intended from the s
shown on the bottom of display.
Key ESC: To leave a menu or a sub-menu. The smart icon which is shown
on screens performs the same function under interactive mode.
Key ENTER: Double function key:
ENTER: To confirm the settings made.
HOLD: To block the value updating in all real time screens and also
during a recording operation. “H” symbol is shown at display by
any pressing of key as for Fig. 4
Fig. 4: HOLD function active at display
Keys , , , /ZOOM in/ZOOM out: These arrows keys permit to select the desired
programmable parameters inside various screens. The double
function of ZOOM in and ZOOM out permits to change manually
the full scale of some graphics inside SCOPE section in order to
improve the global resolution on viewing waveforms of signals (see
§ 5.3.2). Arrow keys and permit to operate on internal pages
inside some kinds of screen.
Key SAVE: Saves an “Instant” type sampling of instantaneous values in
internal memory (see § 5.5). The same key permits also the saving
of various settings inside screens. The smart icon which is
shown on screens perform the same function under interactive
mode.
Key GO/STOP: Permits to start/stop any recording (see § 5.4.13).
Key HELP: Opens an help on line window on the meter screen with a short
description of the same screen which is instantaneously shown.
This key is active for any function.
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4.3. DISPLAY DESCRIPTION
The display is a graphic TFT colour type, 73x57mm sizes (VGA 320x240 pxls) with “touchscreen” which permits a really easy operations using standard PT400 pointer pen fitted in lateral
side of meter.
On first display’s row the system date/hour is shown by meter (see § 5.1.2 for settings). There
are also some icons relative to battery level indication or external adapter fitted and for waiting
and start of a recording. On second row the kind of selected measure is shown and the last row
shows the short s associated to F1, F4 function keys. An example of possible screen is show n
on Fig. 5
Fig. 5: Example of screen
4.4. RESET OF METER
The meter is designed with internal Reset Hardware which can be used if any functions is
blocked at display, in order to restore all correct operations. Consider the below steps to
perform Reset actions:
1. Using the PT400 pointer pen or another object softly pressing the internal part of the
little hole which is present on the lateral side of meter (see Fig. 3 – 4). The meter goes
automatically off.
2. Turn on the meter by pressing ON/OFF key and verify the correct working.
RESET operation will not erase the meter’s internal memory.
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5. GENERAL MENU
Whenever you turn on the meter, the below “Analyzer Configuration” screen is shown,
relative to the last configuration used (see Fig. 6):
Fig. 6: Example of analyzer configuration
In this situation the user can decide whether modify the actual configuration by pressing
F1 key (or “CHANGE” at display – see § 5.3.1) or directly access to General Menu by
pressing F4 key (or the “OK” at display). If no action is performed within 10s the meter
automatically goes to GENERAL MENU screen.
The GENERAL MENU of meter is correspondent to the screen shown in Fig. 7:
Fig. 7: GENERAL MENU screen
The actual selected section is shown with red background at display and it’s title is shown
in the bottom of display. The below sections are available on meter:
General settings section which permits to set the system parameters of meter as
date/hour, language, display brightness, protection password, keys sound on pressure
auto power off and memory type (see § 5.1).
Real time values section which permits to see the real time measured values at
display under various formats (see § 5.2).
Analyzer settings section which permits to define the simple and advanced
configurations relative to connection of meter to the installation (see § 5.3).
Recorder settings section which permits to select the parameters for each recording
and see the information about the autonomy of meter during operation (see § 5.4).
Recording results section which permits to see the list of all recordings saved on
internal memory, for memory cancel operations and the transfer of date in external Pen
Driver USB (see § 5.5).
Meter information section which permits to access to general information about meter
(serial number, internal Firmware and Software release, etc...) (see § 5.6).
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5.1. GENERAL SETTINGS
Fig. 8: MENU GENERAL screen - General settings section
This section permits to set the below control parameters:
System language.
System Date/Hour.
Display brightness.
Protection password during recordings.
Key sound on pressure.
Auto Power OFF Enable/Disable.
Memory type settings
Pressing ENTER key (or touch the relative icon at display). The below screen is shown by
meter:
Fig. 9: General Settings screen
5.1.1. Language selection
1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Language”, marked with blue
background.
2. Using F3 or F4 keys (or touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) for selection of language choosing
among the different options.
3. Pressing SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon
) to save the selected option and
confirm by “Ok”. This selected parameter will be present also the turning off of meter.
4. Pressing ESC key (or the smart icon ) to exit by screen without saving any modify.
CAUTION
Changing the language form ENGLISH to ENGLISH_UK the colour of the
input cables is modified for any system (see § 5.3.1)
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5.1.2. Date/Time settings
1. Press the F1 key (or touch DATE at display) on screen of Fig. 9. The below screen is
shown by meter:
Fig. 10: Date/Time settings screen
2. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Date format” and “Time format”,
marked with blue background.
3. Using F3 or F4 keys (or touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) for Date setting choosing between
the two possible formats (European EU or American US):
DD:MM:YY
Option EU
MM:DD:YY
Option US
4. Using F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) for Time setting choosing
between two possible format (24 hours or 12 hours):
HH:MM:SS
Option 24h
HH:MM:AM(PM)
Option 12h
5. Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon
) to save the selected option and
confirm by “Ok”. This selected parameter will be present also the turning off of meter.
6. Pressing ESC key (or the smart icon
) to exit by screen without saving any modify.
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5.1.3. Display brightness adjust
1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on the field relative to “Brightness”, marked with
blue background
Fig. 11: Adjust brightness screen
2. Using F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) for adjustment of display
brightness percentage. The meter increases or decreases this value in step of 5% for
each pressure of key.
3. Press SAVE or ENTER key (or the smart icon ) to save the selected option and
confirm by “Ok”. This selected parameter will be present also the turn off of meter.
4. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving any modification.
5.1.4. Protection Password setting
The meter is provided with a protection password to avoid the risk of accidental recording
interruption.
1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Password” , marked it with blue
background
Fig. 12: Protection password settings screen
2. Use F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) to enable “YES” or disable
“NO” of Password.
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3. With Password enabled, should GO/STOP key be pressed during a recording, the
meter will not stop the operation but will require the user to insert password as shown
in the below screen:
Fig. 13: Insert Password screen
4. The fixed password (not changeable by user) to insert on meter within 10s from
warning message is the below sequence of keys:
F1, F4, F3, F2
5. If a wrong password is fitted or if more of 10s elapse, the meter will give the warning
message “Wrong Password” and it’s necessary to repeat the operation. As soon as the
correct password is fitted, the meter will stop immediately the recording running and the
correspondent icon at display (see
6. Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save the selected option and
confirm by “Ok”. This selected parameter will be present also after turning off the meter.
7. Pressing ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving any modification.
5.1.5. Sound keys setting
The meter permits to enable a instantaneous sound for any key pressure of the frontal
panel.
1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Sound”, marked with blue
background, see
Fig. 14: Keys sound settings screen
2. Use F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) to enable “YES” or disable
“NO” of keys sound.
3. Pressing SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save the selected option and
confirm by “Ok”. This selected parameter will be present also after turning off the meter.
4. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving any modification.
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5.1.6. Auto power off setting
The meter permits to enable or disable the auto power off option in order to prevent a
quick discharge of internal battery. This feature, if selected, is active under each of the
following conditions:
No action was performed both any key or touch display for at least 5 minutes.
Meter does not supplied with external adapter.
Meter does not in recording running.
The effect is a long sound before turn off of meter.
1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on the field relative to “Auto power off”, marked with
blue background, see
Fig. 15: Auto power off setting screen
2. Use F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) for enable “YES” or disable
“NO” auto power off.
3. Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save the selected option and
confirm by “Ok”. This selected parameter will be present also after turning off the meter.
4. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving any modification.
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5.1.7. Memory type setting
The meter permits saving of recordings both in its internal memory (about 15Mbytes) and
by using an external compact flash (see § 5.5.4 for details) fitted (see Fig. 3). For the
selection of memory type follow the below steps:
1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Memory type”, marked with blue
background
Fig. 16: Memory type setting screen
2. Use F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) to choose “INTERNAL” or
“EXTERNAL”memory type.
3. Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save the selected option and
confirm by “Ok”. This selected parameter will be present also after turning off the meter.
4. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to exit by screen without saving any modify.
5.1.8. “Touch screen” calibration
This operation is necessary if any internal features of “touch screen” display are not
correctly positionated or not more selectable by using the PT400 pointer
1. Select the “TOUCH” item inside the “General settings” section. The message “Do You
want to calibrate touch screen?” is shown by the meter. Confirm with “Ok”. The
herewith screen is shown:
Press and briefly hold stylus on the center of the target.
Repeat as the target moves around the sceen.
Fig. 17: Touch screen calibration screen
2. By pressing and soft hold the PT400 pointer on the central point of the cross cursor
(see Fig. 17) move the cursor to the four corners of display
3. Switch off and thane turn on the meter by means of ON/OFF key to complete the
operation
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5.2. REAL TIME VALUES
Fig. 18: MENU GENERAL screen - Real time values section
In this section the real time measured values of parameters both on input channels and
internally calculated are shown by meter. In particular are shown the AC TRMS voltages,
currents and all kind of electrical parameters for any single phase and total, Flicker values
and voltages Unbalanced, voltage and current waveforms for any single phase and total,
voltage and current harmonics up to 64th component for any single phase and total both in
numerical and histograms graphical format in absolute or percentage value with respect to
each fundamental signal and vectorial diagrams of each voltage and current with the
respective phase angles in order to define the correct nature of system loads under test.
5.2.1. Real time values
As an example, below are shown the screens relative to a three phase 4-wire system. Similar
consideration can be applied to any other selected system. Further in this manual the
expression “Page x/y” will be used, to indicate that the current page number (x) and the total
number of pages (y) depend on the instrument settings. Pre ss ing cy cli cal ly F1 key or arrow
keys left of right the meter shows the other pages of TRMS measured values which are
described in below pictures. Pressing ESC key to go back to previous screens or back to
GENERAL MENU
PARAMETERS CAPTION
V1N Phase-Neutral voltage L1 phase
V2N Phase-Neutral voltage L2 phase
V3N Phase-Neutral voltage L3 phase
VNPE Neutral-Ground voltage
V12 Phase L1 – Phase L2 voltage
V23 Phase L2 – Phase L3 voltage
V23 Phase L3 – Phase L1 voltage
NEG% Unbalance percentage of negative tern
ZERO% Unbalance percentage of zero tern
SEQ phases sequence indication as:
”123” = > Corrected
”132” = > Reversed
”023” = > Null voltage on the Black wire
”103” = > Null voltage on the Red wire
”120” = > Null voltage on the Brown wire
”100” = > Null voltage on the Red and Brown wires
”020” = > Null voltage on the Black and Brown wires
”003” = > Null voltage on the Black and Red wires
Hz Frequency
I1 Current on L1 phase
I2 Current on L2 phase
I3 Current on L3 phase
IN Current on Neutral (not avail. for PQA400)
Fig. 19: Page of numerical values
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PARAMETERS CAPTION:
Pact Total Active Power
Preact Total Reactive Power
Papp Total Apparent Power
Pf Total Power Factor
CosPhi Total Power factor considering fundamental
of voltage and current signals
Fig. 20: Page of total power values
PARAMETERS CAPTION:
V1N Phase-Neutral voltage L1 phase
I1 Current on L1 phase
Pact1 Active Power L1 phase
Preact1 Reactive Power L1 phase
Papp1 Apparent Power L1 phase
Pf1 Power factor L1 phase
CosPhi1 Power factor between fundamental of
voltage L1 and current L1
Fig. 21: Page of Phase 1 values
PARAMETERS CAPTION:
V2N Phase-Neutral voltage L2 phase
I2 Current on L2 phase
Pact2 Active Power L2 phase
Preact2 Reactive Power L2 phase
Papp2 Apparent Power L2 phase
Pf2 Power factor L2 phase
CosPhi2 Power factor between fundamental of
voltage L2 and current L2
Fig. 22: Page of Phase 2 values
PARAMETERS CAPTION:
V3N Phase-Neutral voltage L3 phase
I3 Current on L3 phase
Pact3 Active Power L3 phase
Preact3 Reactive Power L3 phase
Papp3 Apparent Power L3 phase
Pf3 Power factor L3 phase
CosPhi3 Power factor between fundamental of
voltage L3 and current L3
Fig. 23: Page of Phase 3 values
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PARAMETERS CAPTION:
Pst1’ Short term severity after 1 minute
Pst Short term severity
Pstmax Maximum short term severity
Plt Long term severity
Pltmax Maximum long term severity
Recording Time real time duration of recording
expressed in HH:MM
Fig. 24: Page of Flicker values
PARAMETERS CAPTION:
Eact Total active energy consumed when starting
recording.
Ppeak Maximum peak of consumed active power.
Date Ppeak Date and time in which the peak occurred.
Start rec. Date when recording was started.
Stop rec. Date when recording was stopped.
Rec. Time Time elapsed from Rec Start.
Int. Per. Value of the set integration period.
Rec Number of the recording in progress
Fig. 25: Consumed energy page
CAUTION
The Total Consumed Energy page is shown only if the instrument has been
set for the Recording of the General Parameter Total “Active Power &
Energy” (see § 5.4.6.1). Values will be shown only during or at the end of a
recording and zeroed upon starting a new recording or when the instrument
is switched off
PARAMETERS CAPTION:
Eact Total active energy produced when starting
recording.
Ppeak Maximum peak of produced active power.
Date Ppeak Date and time in which the peak occurred.
Start rec. Date when recording was started.
Stop rec. Date when recording was stopped.
Rec Time Time elapsed from Rec Start.
Int. Per. Value of the set integration period.
Rec Number of the recording in progress
Fig. 26: Producted energy page
CAUTION
The Total Produced Energy page is shown only if recording parameter “Cogeneration” has been set in the instrument (see § 5.4.5) and if general
parameter Total “Active Power & Energy” has been selected (see § 5.4.6.1).
Values will be shown only during or at the end of a recording and zeroed
upon starting a new recording or when the instrument is switched off.
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PARAMETERS CAPTION:
AVGV Average value voltage V1, V2, V3
AVGI Average value current I1, I2, I3
AVGPact Average value active power on L1, L2, L3
AVGPreact Average value reactive power on
L1,L2,L3
Fig. 27: Page of numerical average values
CAUTION
The AVERAGE RMS VALUES page will be shown only if option AVERAGE
VALUES “YES” is enabled in the Advanced Settings section (see § 5.3.2.5)
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5.2.2. SCOPE waveforms screens
Starting from a any page of numerical values it’s possible to select waveforms screens of
the input signals by pressing F2 key (or touch SCOPE at display). By pressing cyclically
F1 key the below screens are shown by meter.
As an example, below are shown the screens relative to a three phase 4-wire system. Similar
consideration can be applied to any other selected system
Simultaneous waveforms of voltages V1, V2, V3 and neutral voltage Vn (for three
phase 4-wire system and single phase), with their TRMS values as shown in below
screens:
Fig. 28: Voltage waveforms screen for 4-wire systems
Simultaneous waveforms of currents I1, I2, I3 and neutral current In (for three phase 4-
wire system – not available for PQA400), with their TRMS values as shown in below
screens:
Fig. 29: Current waveforms screen for 4-wire systems
Waveforms of signals on L1 phase, with their TRMS values, as below shown:
Fig. 30: Voltage/Current waveforms screen L1 phase for 4-wire and 3-wire systems
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Waveforms of signals on L2 phase, with their TRMS values, as below shown:
Fig. 31: Voltage/Current waveforms screen L2 phase for 4-wire systems
Waveforms of signals on L3 phase, with their TRMS values, as below shown:
Fig. 32: Voltage/Current waveforms screen L3 phase for 4-wire systems
In Manual mode inside Advanced Settings (see § 5.3.2.1) a customisation of full scale of
voltage and current graphic is possible in order to improve the resolution on readings. In
this situation pressing arrow keys ZOOM in or ZOOM out for increase or decrease the
value of desired full scale. Press F2 key to change from current full scale to voltage full
scale. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit waveforms screens and go back to
TRMS real time values screen.
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5.2.3. HARM analysis screens
Starting from any page of numerical values it’s possible to enter harmonics numerical
values and histogram graphics screens section for voltage and current input signals by
pressing F2 key (or touch HARM at display). By pressing cyclically F1 key the below
screens are shown by meter.
As an example, below are shown the screens relative to a three phase 4-wire system. Similar
consideration can be applied to any other selected system.
Harmonics values of V1, V2, V3 voltages and neutral voltage Vn (for three phase 4-
wire system – not available for PQA400), currents I1, I2, I3 and neutral current In (for
three phase 4-wire system) with THD% values both with histogram graphics and with
numerical values in percentage or absolute value, (see § 5.3.2.3 as below shown. The
positive value means the condition of absorbed harmonics (mains loads direction)
while the negative value means the condition of generated harmonics (loads mains
direction)
Fig. 33: Harmonic analysis of voltages in percentage value for 4-wire systems
In all case the full scale of graphs is automatically set from meter depending on measured
values.
Change to currents screens by pressing F2 key (or touch “HARM I” at display). By
pressing F1 key (or the PAGE at display) the screens of total values and each phase
currents I1, I2, I3 and In (for 4-wire and single phase systems). The main screens are
below shown:
Fig. 34: Harmonic analysis of currents percentage/absolute for 4-wire systems
Change to screens of numerical values tables of harmonics voltages and currents up to
64th both percentage and absolute value (see § 5.3.2.3) by pressing F3 key (or touch
“TABLE” at display), as shown in below pictures:
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Fig. 35: Harmonic analysis voltages in percentage value for 4-wire systems
Fig. 36: Harmonic analysis currents in percentage value for 4-wire systems
Press F3 key to back to graphical screens and F2 key to change voltages’ or currents’
screens. Press F4 key or the up and down arrows (or touch the “HARM PAG” at display)
to show the screens relative to other harmonics orders up to 64th.
Harmonics values of single V1, V2, V3 voltages and neutral voltage Vn and single
currents I1, I2, I3 and neutral current In (for three phase 4-wire system – not available
for PQA400) with THD% values both with histogram graphics and with numerical
values in percentage or absolute value depending on the desired settings. These
values are shown in four pages selectable by pressing cyclically the F1 key (or touch
the “PAGE” at display). On Fig. 37 and Fig. 38 are display as an example, the situation
relative to L1 phase for voltage and current on 4-wire systems is shown in the next
pictures:
Fig. 37: Harmonic analysis voltage V1 in percentage values for 4-wire system
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Fig. 38: Harmonic analysis of current I1 in percentage/absolute values for 4-wire system
5.2.4. Vectorial diagrams screens
Starting from a any page of numerical values it’s possible to select the vectorial diagrams
screens of voltage and currents by pressing F4 key (or touch “VECTORS” at display). The
aim of this feature is to show, with numerical and graphical indications, the phase angles,
expressed in degree [°] between the three voltages V1, V2 and V3 and the currents I1, I2
and I3 in order to understand in each moment the inductive or capacitive loads nature of
electrical installations. As an example, below are shown the screens relative to a three phase
4-wire system. Similar consideration can be applied to any other selected system. By pressing
cyclically F1 key the below screens are shown by meter:
Vectorial diagram total of phase angles among V1, V2, V3 and between V1-I1, V2-I2,
V3-I3 more than indication of percentage values of “NEG%” e “ZERO%” parameters
(see § 10.5):
Fig. 39: Vectorial diagram total for 4-wire system
The vectorial diagram of single voltages depending on the type of selected systems as
shown in below screens:
Fig. 40: Vectorial voltage diagram for 4-wire system
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The vectorial diagram of voltage and current for each phase depending on the type of
system as shown in below screens:
Fig. 41: Vectorial current diagram for 4-wire system
Fig. 42: Vectorial voltage/current diagram L1 phase for 4-wire system
Pressing ESC key (or smart icon at display) to exit from each screen and back to the
previous one.
CAUTION
The vectors of voltages are referred to the external circle on each diagram
and the vectors of current are referred to second circle. The vectors’ sizes
are designed so that the vector of maximum amplitude can touch the circle
and the other vectors are scaled with respect to it proportionally to their
amplitude.
The rotation positive reference associated at each vectorial diagram is
clockwise.
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5.3. ANALYZER SETTINGS
Fig. 43: Analyzer settings screen
Inside this section the meter permits to perform basic and advanced selections relative to
the type of electrical installation under test. In particular it is possible to
Select the type of system, the frequency, the kind of current clamp, the full scale of
current clamp and the VT ratio of external voltage transformer which can be connected
with meter (Analyser Configuration)
Setting the Manual mode for the customisation of full scale on graphic screen of Real
Time section, the type of harmonic to be shown on screens, the percentage or absolute
values of harmonics, the harmonics zoom, the average calculation of voltages,
currents, active and reactive powers (Advanced Settings).
We suggest use of icons and in order to perform a complete interaction with the meter.
5.3.1. Analyzer Configuration screen
Inside the “Analyzer configuration” section a screen depending on the type of system
selected by user during the last operation is shown by meter: The instrument is granted
for a correct measurement only in connection with the following electrical systems:
Three phase system 4WIRE (Three phase four wire WYE system + ground) – ENG &
ENG_UK
Three phase system 3WIRE (Three phase system three wire WYE (no Neutral) +
ground) – ENG & ENG_UK
Three phase system ARON (Three phase system three wire DELTA ARON - 2
wattmeter method + ground) – ENG & ENG_UK
SINGLE phase system (phase + neutral+ ground) – ENG & ENG_UK
Three phase system 4-wire “3PHL (Three phase four wire DELTA system with center
tapped high leg + ground – USA systems (ENG & ENG_UK)
Two phase system 3-wire “3POY (Open WYE three wire system with 2 transformer
windings + ground)” – USA systems (ENG & ENG_UK)
Three phase system 3-wire “3POD” (Open DELTA three wire system with 2
transformer windings + ground)” – USA systems (ENG & ENG_UK)
Two phase system 3-wire “3P2E (Three phase three wire system without
Voltage/current sensor on phase L3 + ground )” – USA systems (ENG & ENG_UK)
Two phase system 3-wire “1Ph3W” (Split phase + ground) – USA systems (ENG &
ENG_UK)
CAUTION
Changing the language form ENGLISH to ENGLISH_UK the colour of the
input cables is modified for any system
Below the possible screens of above systems’ options are described:
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