HT MULTITEST M72, MULTITEST M74, MULTITEST M75, MULTITEST M73 User Manual
ENGLISH
User’s manual
© Copyright HT ITALIA 2006 Release EN 2.00 - 22/08/2006
MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES ....................................................................................................... 2
1.1. Preliminary instructions ....................................................................................................................................2
1.2. During use........................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3. After use........................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4. Overvoltage categories - definitions ................................................................................................................. 3
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................................4
2.1. Working............................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2. TRMS value and mean value - definitions........................................................................................................ 4
2.3. TRUE ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE and CREST FACTOR - definitions.....................................................4
3. PREPARATION FOR USE ........................................................................................................................................5
3.1. Preliminary checks ...........................................................................................................................................5
3.2. Power supply.................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.3. Calibration........................................................................................................................................................5
3.4. Storage ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
4. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS.................................................................................................................................. 6
4.1. Instrument - Description ................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.1. Turning on ................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.1.2. Auto Power Off ............................................................................................................................................ 7
4.1.3. Current measurement through external transducer..................................................................................... 7
4.1.4. Phase sequence and phase conformity measurement................................................................................ 7
4.2. HOLD, MAX/MIN/AVG, PEAK±........................................................................................................................ 8
4.2.1. HOLD .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2.2. MAX/MIN/AVG ............................................................................................................................................8
4.2.3. PEAK±......................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.3. V
4.3.1. Frequency measurement .......................................................................................................................... 10
4.3.2. Anomalous cases which may occur during V
4.4. A
4.4.1. Frequency measurement .......................................................................................................................... 13
4.4.2. Anomalous cases which may occur during A
4.5. Ω
4.5.1. "CAL" mode............................................................................................................................................... 15
4.5.2. Anomalous cases which may occur during Ω
4.6.
4.6.1. Anomalous cases which may occur during
4.7. LAN: Cabling test (M75) ................................................................................................................................. 21
4.7.1. Anomalous cases which may occur during LAN tests ............................................................................... 22
4.7.2. SPLIT PAIRS - explication note................................................................................................................. 22
4.7.3. Cabling errors............................................................................................................................................ 23
4.8. Ω 0.2A: Continuity test on earth, protective and equalizing potential conductors (M72, M74, M75) ............... 24
4.8.1. "CAL" mode............................................................................................................................................... 25
4.8.2. Anomalous cases which may occur during Ω 0.2A tests............................................................................. 27
4.9. MΩ: Insulation resistance measurement test voltage 500V
4.9.1. Anomalous cases which may occur during MΩ tests ................................................................................29
4.10. RCD: Tests on AC type RCDs (M73, M74, M75) ........................................................................................... 30
4.10.1. Anomalous cases which may occur during RCD tests............................................................................. 31
4.11. Ra
4.11.1. Anomalous cases which may occur during Ra
4.12. AUTO: Automatic cycle of measurements to test a plant (M74, M75)............................................................ 37
5. MAINTENANCE ...................................................................................................................................................... 39
5.1. General .......................................................................................................................................................... 39
5.2. Battery replacement ....................................................................................................................................... 39
5.3. Cleaning......................................................................................................................................................... 39
5.4. End of life ....................................................................................................................................................... 39
6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 40
6.1. Characteristics ...............................................................................................................................................40
6.1.1. Electrical.................................................................................................................................................... 42
6.1.2. Safety standards ....................................................................................................................................... 42
6.1.3. General specifications ............................................................................................................................... 42
6.2. ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................................. 42
6.2.1. Environmental conditions ..........................................................................................................................42
6.2.2. EMC .......................................................................................................................................................... 42
6.3. ACCESSORIES ............................................................................................................................................. 42
7. SERVICE................................................................................................................................................................. 43
7.1. Warranty conditions .......................................................................................................................................43
7.2. After-sale service ...........................................................................................................................................43
Hz: DC/AC voltage and frequency measurement (M73 and M75).......................................................... 9
Hz measurements ............................................................ 11
Hz: DC/AC current and frequency measurement ................................................................................. 12
Hz measurements ...........................................................14
: Resistance measurement and continuity test ....................................................................................... 15
measurement ................................................................ 16
: Phase sequence and conformity measurement ...................................................................................... 17
tests................................................................................. 20
..................................................................... 28
: Measurement of global earth resistance (M73, M74, M75)................................................................. 33
tests............................................................................ 35
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES
This instrument complies with safety Standards EN61557 and EN61010-1 related to
electronic measuring instruments.
CAUTION
For your own safety and to avoid damaging the instrument follow the
procedures described in this instruction manual and read carefully all notes
preceded by this symbol .
When taking measurements:
) avoid doing that in humid or wet places - make sure that humidity is within the limits
indicated in section “environmental conditions”.
) avoid doing that in rooms where explosive gas, combustible gas, steam or excessive
dust is present.
) keep you insulated from the object under test.
) do not touch exposed metal parts such as test lead ends, sockets, fixing objects,
circuits etc.
) avoid doing that if you notice anomalous conditions such as breakages, deformations,
fractures, leakages of battery liquid, blind display etc.
) be particularly careful when measuring voltages exceeding 25V in particular places
(building yards, swimming pools, etc.) and 50V in ordinary places to avoid risks of
electrical shocks.
The following symbols are used:
CAUTION - refer to the instruction manual - an improper use may damage the
instrument or its components
DC or AC voltage or current
CAUTION for dangerious voltage. Risk of electric shock
Meter with double insulation
1.1. PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS
) This instrument has been designed for use in environments of pollution degree 2.
) It can be used for tests on electrical installations of overvoltage category III 265V and
550V maximum rated interlinked voltage (and to earth).
) You are recommended to respect the usual safety regulations aimed at protecting you
against dangerous currents and protecting the instrument against improper use.
) Only the original test leads supplied along with the instrument guarantee compliance
with the safety Standards in force. They must be in a good conditions and, if
necessary, replaced with identical ones.
) Do not test nor connect to any circuit exceeding the specified overload protection.
) Do not take measurements under environmental conditions exceeding the limits
indicated in this manual.
) Make sure that batteries are correctly installed.
) Before connecting the test probes to the installation make sure that the right function is
chosen.
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
1.2. DURING USE
CAUTION
An improper use may damage the instrument and/or its components or injure
the operator.
) Before selecting any function, first disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test.
) When the instrument is connected to circuits never touch any unused terminal.
) Do not measure resistance in presence of external voltages; although the instrument is
protected, an excessive voltage may cause malfunctioning.
CAUTION
If the “low battery” symbol is displayed during use interrupt testing and replace
batteries following the procedure described in paragraph 5.2.
1.3. AFTER USE
) Disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test and switch off the instrument.
) If you expect not to use the instrument for a long period remove batteries.
1.4. OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORIES - DEFINITIONS
Standard EN61010-1 (Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use, Part 1: General requirements) defines what a measurement category
(usually called “overvoltage category”) is. At paragraph 6.7.4: Measuring circuits it says:
(OMISSIS)
Circuits are divided into the following measurement categories:
• Measurement category IV is for measurements performed at the source of the
low-voltage installation.
Examples are electricity meters and measurements on primary overcurrent
protection devices and ripple control units.
• Measurement category III is for measurements performed in the building
installation.
Examples are measurements on distribution boards, circuit breakers, wiring,
including cables, bus-bars, junction boxes, switches, socket-outlets in the fixed
installation, and equipment for industrial use and some other equipment, for
example, stationary motors with permanent connection to fixed installation.
• Measurement category II is for measurements performed on circuits directly
connected to the low voltage installation.
Examples are measurements on household appliances, portable tools and similar
equipment.
• Measurement category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly
connected to MAINS.
Examples are measurements on circuits not derived from MAINS, and specially
protected (internal) MAINS-derived circuits. In the latter case, transient stresses are
variable; for that reason, the norm requires that the transient withstand capability of
the equipment is made known to the user.
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Dear Customer, the instrument you have purchased, whether used according to the
instructions given in this manual, will grant you accurate and reliable measurements.
Thanks to a development of newest conception assuring double insulation and overvoltage
category III you will enjoy the highest safety. This manual refers to the entire range of
MULTITEST family including M72, M73, M74 e M75 models. Except where otherwise
expressly indicated, this manual refers to all these models.
2.1. WORKING
) V Hz: DC and AC TRMS voltage measurement, frequency measurement.
) A
) Ω : measurement of resistance / continuity with sound signal
Hz: DC and AC TRMS current measurement, frequency measurement by means
of current transducer (clamp) with max. full scale of 1V.
)
: phase sequence detection at one or two terminals
) LAN: wire mapping for cables UTP, STP, FTP (SCTP), SFTP, SSTP in any
category (Cat. 3, 5, 5E, 6, etc.) with connector RJ45 capable of measuring
through connection to remote unit (M75 only).
) Ω 0.2A: continuity test on earth, protective and potential equalising conductors with a test
current higher than 200mA and open voltage ranging from 4V to 24V (M72, M74,
M75 only)
) MΩ: insulation resistance measurement with test DC voltage of 250, 500VDC (M72,
M74, M75 only).
) RCD: measurement on RCDs type AC (
)(M73, M74, M75 only)
) Ra measurement of total earth resistance (M73, M74, M75 only)
) AUTO performance of measurements in Ra , RCD and MΩ with automatic sequence (
M74, M75 only)
2.2. TRMS VALUE AND MEAN VALUE - DEFINITIONS
Safety testers for alternate quantities are divided into two categories:
• MEAN VALUE instruments: instruments measuring only the value of the wave at the
fundamental frequency (50 or 60Hz);
• True Root Mean Square (TRMS) instruments: instruments measuring the true root
mean square value of the quantity under test.
Mean value instruments provide only the value of the fundamental wave while TRMS
instruments provide the value of the entire wave, including harmonics (within the passband
of the instrument). Accordingly, the measured values are identical only if the wave is
purely sinusoidal.
2.3. TRUE ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE AND CREST FACTOR - DEFINITIONS
The current effective value is defined as follows: “In an interval of time equivalent to a
period, an alternate current with effective value having an intensity of 1A, by passing on a
resistor, disperses the same energy which would be dispersed in the same period of time
by a direct current having an intensity of 1A”. From this definition we get the numerical
expression: G=
0
1
T
The effective value is indicated as RMS (root mean square).
2
dttg
)(
∫
t
0
+Tt
The crest factor is defined as the ratio between the peak value of a signal and its effective
G
value: CF (G)=
p
. This value varies according to the waveform of the signal, for a purely
G
RMS
sinusoidal wave it’s worth 2 =1.41. In presence of distortions, the higher the wave
distortion is, the higher the crest factor values get.
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
3. PREPARATION FOR USE
3.1. PRELIMINARY CHECKS
This instrument was checked both mechanically and electrically prior to shipment. All
possible cares and precautions were taken to let you receive the instrument in perfect
conditions. Notwithstanding we suggest you to check it rapidly (eventual damages may
have occurred during transport – if so please contact the local distributor from whom you
bought the item).
Make sure that all standard accessories mentioned in paragraph 6.3 are included.
Should you have to return back the instrument for any reason please follow the
instructions mentioned in paragraph 7.
3.2. POWER SUPPLY
The instrument is powered by batteries (refer to paragraph 6.1.3 for details on model, no.
and battery life). When batteries are low, a low battery indication is displayed.
To replace/insert batteries follow the instructions indicated in paragraph 5.2.
3.3. CALIBRATION
The instrument complies with the technical specifications contained in this manual and
such compliance is guaranteed for 1 year. Annual recalibration is recommended.
3.4. STORAGE
After a period of storage in extreme environmental conditions exceeding the limits
mentioned in paragraph 6.2.1 let the instrument resume normal measuring conditions
before using it.
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
4. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
4.1. INSTRUMENT - DESCRIPTION
LEGEND:
1. Inputs
2. Display
3. ON/OFF key
4. MODE PEAK key
5. Arrows key
6. FUNC HOLD key
7. GO key
8. Remote units for LAN tests
(M75 only)
MODE
PEAK
FUNC
HOLD
GO
Fig. 1: Instrument description
to switch on/off the instrument
MODE key to select working mode
PEAK key to select peak measurement
FUNC key to select working mode
HOLD key to stop display updating
to start a measurement
Arrow keys to select measurements
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
4.1.1. Turning on
When the instrument is turned on, it emits a brief sound and all
display segments are lit for just one second. Then the model
number and the firmware release appear on the display (see
picture referred to M75). Finally the instrument is ready for
operation.
4.1.2. Auto Power Off
The instrument automatically turns off 10 minutes after last pressure of keys. To resume
operation turn on the instrument again. When the instrument must be used for long
periods, the operator may need to disable the Auto Power Off function. In order to do so:
keep pressed the FUNC HOLD key and turn on the instrument; this way the Auto Power
Off function is deactivated. On next switch on autopower off will be automatically restored.
On the instrument’s LCD the symbol is displayed only when auto power off is active.
4.1.3. Current measurement through external transducer
The instrument measures current through a clamp transducer to be connected to the input
terminals. Unlike traditional multimeters it’s therefore not necessary to interrupt the current
circuit to insert the measuring device. Besides it’s possible to use more clamps having
different full scales according to the current to be measured from time to time. To set the
full scale of the clamp being used, turn on the instrument by keeping pressed MODE
PEAK: the instrument displays the value of the set full scale. To modify such value press
the arrow keys to select the desided full scale, then press MODE PEAK to validate the
modification.
The instrument is supplied with full scale already pre-set for the provided clamp.
4.1.4. Phase sequence and phase conformity measurement
Additional functions (patented) distinguishing this instrument from other multimeters
available on the market are phase sequence and phase conformity measurements
(indispensable to interconnect two three-phase triads) with one test probe.
The instrument performs tests by simply touching the cable under test with the built in test
probe. Note! The instrument performs test by only touching the conductors under voltage
with the single test probe, therefore without having to connect both test probes. The
traditional 2-terminal measurement is however available.
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
4.2. HOLD, MAX/MIN/AVG, PEAK±
The following functions are available for measurements of AC and DC voltage, AC current,
frequency and resistance.
4.2.1. HOLD
The HOLD function permits to block on the display the detected value during
measurements of AC and DC voltage, AC current, frequency and resistance. Just press
FUNC HOLD for at least one second. The symbol HOLD is displayed. To escape this
function press again FUNC HOLD or the arrow keys.
This function is not available when MAX/MIN/AVG or PEAK± functions are active.
4.2.2. MAX/MIN/AVG
During measurements of AC and DC voltage, AC current, frequency and resistance it’s
possibile to measure and display the maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN) and average
(AVG) valus of the quantity under test. Press FUNC HOLD for more than one second to
enter this function and press it repeatidly for less than one second to run through MAX,
MIN or AVG. The corresponding symbol is displayed.
Maximum, minimum and average values are detected since this function is activated and
are continuously updated even if not displayed. For example, while the AC current average
value is displayed, the maximum and minimum values of the same quantity are
continuously updated.
To escape the MAX/MIN/AVG function press again FUNC HOLD for more than one
second or the arrow keys.
The MAX/MIN/AVG function is not available when HOLD or PEAK± functions are active.
4.2.3. PEAK±
During measurements of AC and DC voltage and AC current it’s possibile to measure and
display the maximum (PEAK+) and minimum (PEAK-) peak values of the quantity under
test with a resolution of 1ms. Press MODE PEAK for more than one second to enter this
function and press it repeatidly for less than one second to run through PEAK+ or PEAK-.
The corresponding symbol is displayed.
Maximum and minimum peak values are detected since this function is activated and are
continuously updated even if not displayed. For example, while the maximum peak values
of AC current is displayed, the minimum peak value of the same quantity is continuously
updated.
When displaying maximum and minimum peaks it’s not mentioned whether the
corresponding quantity is AC or DC: a peak value is absolutely a peak value, regardless of
the quantity at which it’s detected.
To escape this function press again MODE PEAK for more than one second or the arrow
keys.
The HOLD and MAX/MIN/AVG functions are not available when when PEAK± is active.
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
4.3. V Hz: DC/AC VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT (M73 AND M75)
CAUTION
The maximum input voltage is 550+10%V. Don’t try to measure higher
voltages to avoid risks of electrical shocks or serious damages to the
instrument.
Fig. 2: Connection of the instrument’s terminals during V Hz test
1.
Turn on the instrument
2.
Insert the black and green cables in the corresponding input terminals of the
3.
instrument
Press the arrow keys to select V Hz
4. If necessary, insert the croco clips on the test probes
5. Connect the cables to the desired points of the circuit under test as shown in Fig. 2. The
voltage and frequency values will be displayed with automatic range selection.
6. The instrument automatically switches from AC to DC voltage basing on the signal applied
to terminals.
7.
Example of display of AC voltage and
AC voltage value
frequency values. The minimum reading
limit of AC voltage is 0.5V. Lower input
values are displayed as 0.0V.
EN - 9
Frequency value
MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
8.
Example of display of DC voltage. The
minimum reading limit of DC voltage is
1.2V. Lower input values are displayed
as 0.0V.
DC voltage value
MODE
9.
10.
11.
12.
PEAK
MODE
PEAK
FUNC
HOLD
FUNC
HOLD
Press MODE PEAK for less than 1 second to pass to frequency
measurement (only during AC measurements, see paragraph 4.3.1)
Press MODE PEAK for more than 1 second to detect the voltage peak value
(see paragraph 4.2.3)
Press FUNC HOLD for less than 1 second to block the detected values on the
display (see paragraph 4.2.1)
Press FUNC HOLD for more than 1 second to detect maximum, minimum
and average voltage values (see paragraph 4.2.2)
4.3.1. Frequency measurement
1. In order to detect minimum, average, maximum and peak values of frequency it's
necessary to pass to this measuring parameter.
MODE
2.
PEAK
3.
Example of display of frequency value.
During AC measurements it’s possible to pass to frequency measurement by
pressing MODE PEAK for less than 1 second
Frequency value
The minimum reading limit of frequency
is 30.0Hz. Lower input values are
displayed as <30.0Hz
4.
5.
6.
7.
MODE
PEAK
MODE
PEAK
FUNC
HOLD
FUNC
HOLD
To resume voltage measurement press MODE PEAK for less than 1 second
To detect the frequency peak value press MODE PEAK for more than 1
second (see paragraph 4.2.3)
To block the detected frequency value on the display press FUNC HOLD for
less than 1 second (see paragraph 4.2.1)
To detect maximum, minimum and average frequency values press FUNC
HOLD for more than 1 second (see paragraph 4.2.2)
EN - 10
MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
4.3.2. Anomalous cases which may occur during V Hz measurements
1.
The maximum input voltage is
550+10%V.
If the detected voltage value exceeds
605V TRMS the instrument displays the
screen beside.
Disconnect immediately the instrument
from the circuit under test to avoid
electrical shocks and damages to the
instrument.
2.
If during a voltage measurement the
detected frequency value exceeds 400Hz
the instrument displays the screen
beside.
3.
If during a frequency measurement the
detected value exceeds 400Hz the
instrument displays the screen beside.
4.
If during a frequency measurement the
detected value does not reach 30.0Hz
the instrument displays the screen
beside.
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
4.4. A Hz: DC/AC CURRENT AND FREQ UENCY MEASUREMENT
1.
Turn on the instrument
Fig. 3: Connection of the instrument’s terminals during A
Hz test
2.
Press the arrow keys to select A Hz
3. Insert the banana connectors of the clamp transducer in the corresponding input
terminals of the instrument (black with black, green or red with green)
4. Make sure that the clamp full scale and the instrument full scale do correspond. If they
do not, the measured value will be wrong. To set the clamp full scale refer to
paragraph 4.1.3
5. Open the jaws and insert the cable in the very middle as shown in Fig. 3. Current and
frequency values will be displayed.
6. The instrument automatically switches from AC to DC current basing on the signal applied
to terminals.
7.
Example of DC current displaying. The
DC current value
minimum limit of DC current is:
1.0mV x transduction ratio of the clamp
lower values are nullified.
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MULTITEST M72 - M73 - M74 - M75
8.
Example of AC current displaying. The
minimum limit of AC current is:
1.0mV x transduction ratio of the clamp
lower values are nullified.
AC current value
Frequency value
The minimum reading value of AC and DC current is given by the herewith:
1mV x transduction ratio of the clamp
Therefore, with a clamp 400A/400mV, the minimum measurable current is 1.0A.
Lower input values are displayed as 0.0A
MODE
9.
10.
11.
12.
4.4.1. Frequency measurement
PEAK
MODE
PEAK
FUNC
HOLD
FUNC
HOLD
To pass to frequency measurement press MODE PEAK for less than 1
second (only during AC current measurements, see paragraph 4.4.1)
To detect the current peak value press MODE PEAK for more than 1 second
(see paragraph 4.2.3)
To block the detected values on the display press FUNC HOLD for less than
1 second (see paragraph 4.2.1)
To detect maximum, minimum and average current values press FUNC
HOLD for more than 1 second (see paragraph 4.2.2)
1. In order to detect minimum, average, maximum and peak values of frequency it's
necessary to pass to this measuring parameter.
MODE
2.
PEAK
3.
Example of display of frequency value.
It’s possible to pass to frequency measurement by pressing MODE PEAK for
less than 1 second
Frequency value
The minimum reading limit of frequency
is 30.0Hz. Lower input values are
displayed as <30.0Hz.
MODE
4.
PEAK
MODE
5.
PEAK
FUNC
6.
HOLD
FUNC
7.
HOLD
To resume voltage measurement press MODE PEAK for less than 1 second
To detect the frequency peak value press MODE PEAK for more than 1
second (see paragraph 4.2.3)
To block the detected frequency value on the display press FUNC HOLD for
less than 1 second (see paragraph 4.2.1)
To detect maximum, minimum and average frequency values press FUNC
HOLD for more than 1 second (see paragraph 4.2.2)
EN - 13
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