The EZ-KIT Lite evaluation system is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of purchase
from Analog Devices or from an authorized dealer.
Disclaimer
Analog Devices, Inc. reserves the right to change this product without
prior notice. Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be
accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog
Devices for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of
third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under the patent rights of Analog Devices, Inc.
Trademark and Service Mark Notice
The Analog Devices icon bar and logo, VisualDSP++, the VisualDSP++
logo, Blackfin, the CROSSCORE logo, EZ-KIT Lite, and EZ-Extender
are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc.
All other brand and product names are trademarks or service marks of
their respective owners.
Regulatory Compliance
The ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite is designed to be used solely in a laboratory environment. The board is not intended for use as a consumer end
product or as a portion of a consumer end product. The board is an open
system design which does not include a shielded enclosure and therefore
may cause interference to other electrical devices in close proximity. This
board should not be used in or near any medical equipment or RF devices.
The ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite has been certified to comply with the
essential requirements of the European EMC directive 89/336/EEC
amended by 93/68/EEC and therefore carries the “CE” mark.
The ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite has been appended to Analog Devices,
Inc. Technical Construction File (TCF) referenced ‘DSPTOOLS1’ dated
December 21, 1997 and was awarded CE Certification by an appointed
European Competent Body as listed below.
Technical Certificate No: Z600ANA1.029
Issued by: Technology International (Europe) Limited
60 Shrivenham Hundred Business Park
Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8TY, UK
The EZ-KIT Lite evaluation system contains ESD (electrostatic discharge)
sensitive devices. Electrostatic charges readily accumulate on the human
body and equipment and can discharge without detection. Permanent
damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy discharges. Proper
ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or
loss of functionality. Store unused EZ-KIT Lite boards in the protective
shipping package.
CONTENTS
PREFACE
Purpose of This Manual ................................................................ xiii
Intended Audience ........................................................................ xiii
Manual Contents .......................................................................... xiii
What’s New in This Manual ............................................................ xv
Technical or Customer Support ....................................................... xv
Supported Processors ...................................................................... xvi
Product Information ...................................................................... xvi
MyAnalog.com ........................................................................ xvii
Processor Product Information ................................................. xvii
Related Documents ................................................................ xviii
Online Technical Documentation ............................................. xix
Printed Manuals ....................................................................... xxi
Thank you for purchasing the ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite®, Analog
Devices, Inc. evaluation system for ADSP-BF548 Blackfin® processors.
Blackfin processors are embedded processors that support a Media
Instruction Set Computing (MISC) architecture. This architecture is the
natural merging of RISC, media functions, and digital signal processing
(DSP) characteristics towards delivering signal processing performance in
a microprocessor-like environment.
The evaluation board is designed to be used in conjunction with the VisualDSP++® development environment to test the capabilities of
ADSP-BF548 Blackfin processors. The VisualDSP++ development environment gives you the ability to perform advanced application code
development and debug, such as:
•Create, compile, assemble, and link application programs written
in C++, C, and ADSP-BF548 assembly
•Load, run, step, halt, and set breakpoints in application programs
•Read and write data and program memory
•Read and write core and peripheral registers
•Plot memory
Access to the ADSP-BF548 processor from a personal computer (PC) is
achieved through a USB port or an optional JTAG emulator. The USB
interface provides unrestricted access to the ADSP-BF548 processor and
the evaluation board peripherals. Analog Devices JTAG emulators offer
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Liteix
faster communication between the host PC and target hardware. Analog
Devices carries a wide range of in-circuit emulation products. To learn
more about Analog Devices emulators and processor development tools,
go to
http://www.analog.com/dsp/tools/.
The ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite provides example programs to demonstrate the capabilities of the evaluation board.
L
alDSP++ installation. The EZ-KIT Lite is a licensed product that
offers an evaluation (temporary) license. Once the evaluation
license expires, the linker restricts a user’s program to 60 KB of
memory for code space with no restrictions for data space
The board features:
•Analog Devices ADSP-BF548 Blackfin processor
The ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite installation is part of the Visu-
D Core performance up to 600 MHz
D External bus performance up to 133 MHz
D 400-pin mini-BGA package
D 25 MHz crystal
•Double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random access
memory (SDRAM)
D Micron MT46V32M16 – 64 MB (8M x 16-bits x 4 banks)
D 10 LEDs: 1 power (green), 1 board reset (red), 1 USB (red),
6 general-purpose (amber), and 1 USB monitor (amber)
•Push buttons
D 5 push buttons: 1 reset, 4 programmable flags with
debounce logic
•Expansion interface: all ADSP-BF548 processor signals
•Other features
D JTAG ICE 14-pin header
D USB OTG connector
D HOST interface connector
D Blackfin power measurement jumpers
D PPI1 IDC connector
D SPORT2 and SPORT3 IDC connectors
D TWI, SPI, timers, UART3 IDC connectors
For information about the hardware components of the EZ-KIT Lite,
refer to the ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual.
xiiGetting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
Preface
Purpose of This Manual
The Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite familiarizes users with
the hardware capabilities of the evaluation system and demonstrates how
to access these capabilities in the VisualDSP++ environment.
EZ-KIT Lite users should use this manual in conjunction with the
ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual, which describes the
evaluation system’s components in greater detail.
Intended Audience
The primary audience of this manual is a programmer with experience in
desktop and/or embedded programming, but with little or no experience
with the Blackfin architecture and/or VisualDSP++. A working knowledge
of the C and C++ programming languages will be extremely helpful in
understanding the examples and source code blocks referenced in this
manual.
Manual Contents
The manual consists of:
•Chapter 1, “Programming ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite with Visu-
alDSP++” on page 1-1
Provides instructions for connecting the EZ-KIT Lite to VisualDSP++ running on your PC. The established connection allows
you to download the example program (along with your own) to
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Litexiii
Manual Contents
the board and control the program execution. You will build and
run the first example project using the VisualDSP++ debug and
data display tools.
•Chapter 2, “Using ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite to Investigate Per-
formance Factors” on page 2-1
Explores the memory hierarchy of the EZ-KIT Lite and measures
the ramifications of memory placement decisions. Demonstrates
the Blackfin processor core’s built-in voltage regulator and its ability to throttle the processor’s power consumption and clock rate at
run-time. The system services library (SSL), your API to the Blackfin processor, also is introduced in this chapter.
•Chapter 3, “Using ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite Peripherals” on
page 3-1
Explores the peripheral interfaces and devices available on the
EZ-KIT Lite. Introduces the device driver software supplied with
VisualDSP++. You will use one of the supplied device drivers to
play an audio clip through the AD1980 audio codec on the
EZ-KIT Lite.
•Chapter 4,“Using ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite As A Mass Storage
Device” on page 4-1
Examines the USB and hard disk functionality. You will connect
the EZ-KIT Lite to your PC and have Windows use it as a removable mass storage device.
•Chapter 5, “Using ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite Hard Disk and
LCD Screen” on page 5-1
Introduces the LCD panel driver of the SSL. You will copy a bitmap file to the EZ-KIT Lite hard disk and display the file on the
LCD panel.
xivGetting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
•Chapter 6, “Using ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite Keypad and LED
Indicator” on page 6-1
Explores the keypad interface of the EZ-KIT Lite and introduces
the VisualDSP++ real-time kernel (VDK). You will use the LEDs
to communicate the application status.
•Chapter 7, “Creating A Bootable Application” on page 7-1
Finally, you will construct an application, drawing from the previous chapters in the manual. A working bitmap photo viewer
application will be created, including hard drive access, USB connectivity, push button navigation, and audio sample triggering.
The application will be burned to the on-board flash devices. This
will allow the application to run while not connected to
VisualDSP++.
What’s New in This Manual
Preface
This is the first revision of the Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT
Lite.
Technical or Customer Support
You can reach Analog Devices, Inc. Customer Support in the following
ways:
•Visit the Embedded Processing and DSP products Web site at
•Contact your Analog Devices, Inc. local sales office or authorized
distributor
•Send questions by mail to:
Analog Devices, Inc.
One Technology Way
P.O. Box 9106
Norwood, MA 02062-9106
USA
Supported Processors
The ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite evaluation system supports Analog
Devices ADSP-BF548 Blackfin processors.
Product Information
You can obtain product information from the Analog Devices Web site,
from the product CD-ROM, or from printed publications (manuals).
Analog Devices is online at
mation about a broad range of products—analog integrated circuits,
amplifiers, converters, and digital signal processors.
xviGetting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
www.analog.com. Our Web site provides infor-
Preface
MyAnalog.com
MyAnalog.com is a free feature of the Analog Devices Web site that allows
customization of a Web page to display only the latest information on
products you are interested in. You can also choose to receive weekly
e-mail notifications containing updates to the Web pages that meet your
interests, including documentation errata against all manuals. You can
also choose to receive weekly e-mail notifications containing updates to
the Web pages that meet your interests. MyAnalog.com provides access to
books, application notes, data sheets, code examples, and more.
Registration:
Visit www.myanalog.com to sign up. Click Register to use MyAnalog.com.
Registration takes about five minutes and serves as means for you to select
the information you want to receive.
If you are already a registered user, just log on. Your user name is your
e-mail address.
Processor Product Information
For information on embedded processors and DSPs, visit our Web site at
www.analog.com/processors, which provides access to technical publica-
tions, data sheets, application notes, product overviews, and product
announcements.
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Litexvii
Product Information
You may also obtain additional information about Analog Devices and its
products in any of the following ways.
Online documentation comprises the VisualDSP++ Help system, software
tools manuals, hardware tools manuals, processor manuals, the Dinkum
Abridged C++ library, and Flexible License Manager (FlexLM) network
license manager software documentation. You can easily search across the
entire VisualDSP++ documentation set for any topic of interest. For easy
printing, supplementary .pdf files of most manuals are also provided.
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Litexix
Product Information
Each documentation file type is described as follows.
File Description
.chmHelp system files and manuals in Help format
.htm or
.html
.pdfVisualDSP++ and processor manuals in Portable Documentation Format (PDF).
Dinkum Abridged C++ library and FlexLM network license manager software documentation. Viewing and printing the
Internet Explorer 6.0 (or higher).
Viewing and printing the .pdf files requires a PDF reader, such as Adobe Acrobat
Reader (4.0 or higher).
.html files requires a browser, such as
If documentation is not installed on your system as part of the software
installation, you can add it from the VisualDSP++ CD-ROM at any time
by running the Tools installation. Access the online documentation from
the VisualDSP++ environment, Windows
®
Explorer, or the Analog
Devices Web site.
Accessing Documentation From VisualDSP++
To view VisualDSP++ Help, click on the Help menu item or go to the
Windows task bar and navigate to the VisualDSP++ documentation via
the Start menu.
To view ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite Help, which is part of the VisualDSP++ Help system, use the Contents or Search tab of the Help
window.
Accessing Documentation From Windows
In addition to any shortcuts you may have constructed, there are many
ways to open VisualDSP++ online Help or the supplementary documentation from Windows.
xxGetting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
Preface
Help system files (
.chm) are located in the Help folder, and .pdf files are
located in the Docs folder of your VisualDSP++ installation CD-ROM.
The Docs folder also contains the Dinkum Abridged C++ library and the
FlexLM network license manager software documentation.
Your software installation kit includes online Help as part of the Windows
interface. These help files provide information about VisualDSP++ and
the ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite evaluation system.
Select a processor family and book title. Download archive (.zip) files,
one for each manual. Use any archive management software, such as WinZip, to decompress downloaded files.
Printed Manuals
For general questions regarding literature ordering, call the Literature
Center at 1-800-ANALOGD (1-800-262-5643) and follow the prompts.
Hardware Tools Manuals
To purchase EZ-KIT Lite and in-circuit emulator (ICE) manuals, call
1-603-883-2430. The manuals may be ordered by title or by product
number located on the back cover of each manual.
Processor Manuals
Hardware reference and instruction set reference manuals may be ordered
through the Literature Center at 1-800-ANALOGD (1-800-262-5643),
or downloaded from the Analog Devices Web site. Manuals may be
ordered by title or by product number located on the back cover of each
manual.
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Litexxi
Product Information
Data Sheets
All data sheets (preliminary and production) may be downloaded from the
Analog Devices Web site. Only production (final) data sheets (Rev. 0, A,
B, C, and so on) can be obtained from the Literature Center at
1-800-ANALOGD (1-800-262-5643); they also can be downloaded from
the Web site.
To have a data sheet faxed to you, call the Analog Devices Faxback System
at 1-800-446-6212. Follow the prompts and a list of data sheet code
numbers will be faxed to you. If the data sheet you want is not listed,
check for it on the Web site.
xxiiGetting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
Notation Conventions
Text conventions used in this manual are identified and described as
follows.
ExampleDescription
Preface
Close command
(File menu)
{this | that}Alternative required items in syntax descriptions appear within curly
[this | that]Optional items in syntax descriptions appear within brackets and sepa-
[this,…]Optional item lists in syntax descriptions appear within brackets
.SECTIONCommands, directives, keywords, and feature names are in text with
filenameNon-keyword placeholders appear in text with italic style format.
L
a
Titles in reference sections indicate the location of an item within the
VisualDSP++ environment’s menu system (for example, the Close
command appears on the File menu).
brackets and separated by vertical bars; read the example as this or
that. One or the other is required.
rated by vertical bars; read the example as an optional
delimited by commas and terminated with an ellipse; read the example
as an optional comma-separated list of this.
letter gothic font.
Note: For correct operation, ...
A Note provides supplementary information on a related topic. In the
online version of this book, the word Note appears instead of this
symbol.
Caution: Incorrect device operation may result if ...
Caution: Device damage may result if ...
A Caution identifies conditions or inappropriate usage of the product
that could lead to undesirable results or product damage. In the online
version of this book, the word Caution appears instead of this symbol.
this or that.
Warn in g: Injury to device users may result if ...
A Warning identifies conditions or inappropriate usage of the product
[
that could lead to conditions that are potentially hazardous for the
devices users. In the online version of this book, the word Wa rn in g
appears instead of this symbol.
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Litexxiii
Notation Conventions
L
Additional conventions, which apply only to specific chapters, may
appear throughout this document.
xxivGetting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
1PROGRAMMING
ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT LITE WITH
VISUALDSP++
In this chapter, you will connect your personal computer (PC) to the
ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite evaluation system and write a simple C language program to perform two sorting algorithms.
In the exercise, you will learn about the following concepts.
•VisualDSP++ sessions and target types
•Plot windows
•Project configurations
The chapter includes the following sections.
•“Installing VisualDSP++ and the EZ-KIT Lite” on page 1-2
•“Starting VisualDSP++ and Connecting to the EZ-KIT Lite” on
page 1-3
•“Example 1: Building and Running an Application” on page 1-6
•“Example 1: Sorts.c File” on page 1-9
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite1-1
Installing VisualDSP++ and the EZ-KIT Lite
Installing VisualDSP++ and the EZ-KIT Lite
If you have not already done so, install the ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite.
Ensure the board is disconnected from your PC, then install VisualDSP++
by following instructions in the VisualDSP++ Installation Quick Reference Card, steps 1 to 3.
L
Once the installation is complete, the amber LED (labeled MON, found
near the USB jack) is illuminated, indicating a successful physical connection between the PC and EZ-KIT Lite.
Install your license following instructions in the VisualDSP++ Installation Quick Reference Card, step 4.
There are two USB interfaces on the ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite.
Be sure to use the debugger’s interface (labelled USB Debug Agent)
when connecting your computer to the board with provided USB
cable. The other USB interface (labelled USB-OTG) is for applications use.
1-2Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
Programming ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite with VisualDSP++
Starting VisualDSP++ and Connecting to
the EZ-KIT Lite
If you have not already done so, start VisualDSP++. Use the Windows
Start menu to launch the VisualDSP++ environment (also called the Integrated Development and Debugging Environment or IDDE).
When VisualDSP++ first launches, it is disconnected from your EZ-KIT
Lite or any other kind of debugging session (Figure 1-1).
Figure 1-1. VisualDSP++ Main Window
A VisualDSP++ debugging session consists of a session type and target
processor. There are three basic session types:
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite1-3
Starting VisualDSP++ and Connecting to the EZ-KIT Lite
•EZ-KIT Lite. This is the dedicated USB connection between the
PC and EZ-KIT Lite. The connection is simple to manage and is
an integral part of the EZ-KIT Lite. However, the connection is
available with the EZ-KIT Lite only. Once your custom hardware
board is available for development, you will use an emulator session
(description follows) to connect to the custom hardware.
•Simulator. This is a software model of the processor. Simulators
offer unique advantages, the first being that no external hardware is
required, a great benefit when using VisualDSP++ on the road.
Furthermore, simulators offer a deep insight to the internal workings of the processor (pipelines, caches, and more), which is not
possible with hardware-based sessions. The downside is that a simulator is several orders of magnitude slower than actual hardware.
The software model simulates only the processor, making it difficult to accurately simulate a complex system that involves more
than the processor.
VisualDSP++ includes two types of Blackfin simulators: a
cycle-accurate, interpreted simulator and a functional, compiled
simulator. A cycle-accurate simulator is a completely accurate
model of the Blackfin processor and allows you to fully visualize
the inner-workings of the processor. The compiled simulator sacrifices the detailed view but allows you to simulate much more
quickly, at millions of simulated cycles per second depending on
the speed of your PC.
•Emulator. This is a JTAG emulator, the ideal device for connect-
ing to hardware, giving the best performance and maximum
flexibility. An emulator is a separate module that provides a
1-4Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
Programming ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite with VisualDSP++
high-bandwidth USB or PCI connection between the PC and the
target device. An emulator is required to connect to a non-EZ-KIT
Lite target.
To inform VisualDSP++ that your target is an ADSP-BF548 processor on
an EZ-KIT Lite, you must create and activate a new session. Follow these
steps:
1. From VisualDSP++ Session menu, select New Session, which
launches the Session Wizard (Figure 1-2).
Figure 1-2. Session Wizard
2. On the Select Processor page, ensure that Processor family is set to
Blackfin. In Choose a target processor, select ADSP-BF548. Click
Next.
Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite1-5
Example 1: Building and Running an Application
3. On the Select Connection Type page, select EZ-KIT Lite. Click
Next.
4. On the Select Platform page, ensure that the selected platform is
ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite via Debug Agent. Specify your own
Session name for your session or accept the default name. Click
Next.
5. On the Finish page, check the presented information and click
Finish. VisualDSP++ creates the new session and connects to the
ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite. Once connected, the main window’s
title is changed to include the session name set in step 4.
Creating a particular session is a one-time job. VisualDSP++ records a session’s details between runs and, by default, tries to reconnect to the
session that was in force when VisualDSP++ last ran. You can create more
than one session, possibly changing the connection type to Simulator or
Emulator. The Session menu allows you to swap between sessions as you
wish.
L
Examples in this manual assume that you are using an
ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite session.
Example 1: Building and Running an
Application
Now it is time to start our first C program. “Example 1: Sorts.c File” on
page 1-9 is the C program we start in this chapter and develop in the fol-
lowing one. The program randomizes and sorts two arrays using classic
sorting algorithms: the bubble sort and the quick sort. If you are familiar
with the algorithms, you know that the quick sort, true to its name, is the
faster of the two algorithms (on average,
1-6Getting Started with ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite
O(n log n) versus O(n2)).
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