HP E4418B, E4419B Programming Manual

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Programming Guide

HP E4418B/E4419B Power Meters

HP Part no. E4418-90029

December, 1998

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Printed in the UK.

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Legal Information

Notice

Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishings, performance, or use of this material. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of HP.

Certiﬁcation

Hewlett-Packard Company certiﬁes that this product met its published speciﬁcations at the time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard further certiﬁes that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

Warranty

This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to HP from another country. HP warrants that its software and ﬁrmware designated by HP for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. HP does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or ﬁrmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide iii

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Legal Information

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modiﬁcation or misuse, operation outside of the environmental speciﬁcations for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HP SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

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Equipment Operation

Warnings and Cautions

This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards.

WARNING A warning calls attention to a procedure, practice or the

like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or the loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Caution A caution calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like which,

if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or the destruction of part or all of the equipment. Do not proceed beyond a caution until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Personal Safety Considerations

WARNING This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective

earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor, inside or outside the instrument, is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. If this instrument is not used as speciﬁed, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal condition (in which all means of protection are intact) only. No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualiﬁed personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers. For continued protection against ﬁre hazard, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuses of the same type and rating (for example, normal blow, time delay, etc.). The use of other fuses or material is prohibited.

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General Safety Considerations

WARNING Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has

been properly grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a socket outlet provided with protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result in personal injury.

Caution Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of

the instrument with protective covers removed should be performed only by trained service personnel.

Markings

The CE mark shows that the product complies with all the relevant European legal Directives (if accompanied by a year, it signiﬁes when the design was proven.

GROUP 1

ISM

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CLASS A

This is the symbol of an Industrial Scientiﬁc and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

External Protective Earth Terminal.

While this is a Class I product, provided with a protective earthing conductor in a power cord, an external protective earthing terminal has also been provided. This terminal is for use where the earthing cannot be assured. At least an 18AWG earthing conductor should be used in such an instance, to ground the instrument to an assured earth terminal.

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General Safety Considerations

IEC 1010-1 Compliance

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010-1 +A1:1992 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.

Statement of Compliance

This product has been designed and tested for compliance with IEC 60529 (1989) Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code). Level IPx4 is attained if, and only if, the carry case( part number HP 34141A) is ﬁtted.

User Environment

This product is designed for use in a sheltered environment (avoiding extreme weather conditions) in accordance with Pollution Degree 3 deﬁned in IEC 60664-1, with the carry case ( part number HP 34141A) ﬁtted over the instrument.

The product is suitable for indoor use only, when this carry case is not ﬁtted.

Installation Instructions

To avoid unnecessary over-temperature conditions, while this carry case is ﬁtted do not apply an ac mains supply voltage, only operate your power meter from the battery pack.

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About this Guide

Chapter 1: Power Meter Remote Operation

This chapter describes the parameters which conﬁgure the power meter and helps you determine settings to optimize performance.

Chapter 2: MEASurement Instructions

This chapter explains how to use the MEASure group of instructions to acquire data using a set of high level instructions.

Chapter 3: CALCulate Subsystem

This chapter explains how to use the CALCulate subsystem to perform post acquisition data processing.

Chapter 4: CALibration Subsystem

This chapter explains how to use the CALibration command subsystem to zero and calibrate the power meter.

Chapter 5: DISPlay Subsystem

This chapter explains how the DISPlay subsystem is used to control the the selection and presentation of the windows used on the power meter’s display.

Chapter 6: FORMat Subsystem

This chapter explains how the FORMat subsystem is used to set a data format for transferring numeric information.

Chapter 7: MEMory Subsystem

This chapter explains how the MEMory command subsystem is used to create, edit and review sensor calibration tables.

Chapter 8: OUTput Subsystem

This chapter explains how the OUTput command subsystem is used to switch the POWER REF output on and off.

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About this Guide

Chapter 9: SENSe Subsystem

This chapter explains how the SENSe command subsystem directly affects device speciﬁc settings used to make measurements.

Chapter 10: STATus Subsystem

This chapter explains how the STATus command subsystem enables you to examine the status of the power meter by monitoring the “Device Status Register”, “Operation Status Register” and the “Questionable Status Register”.

Chapter 11: SYSTem Subsystem

This chapter explains how to use the SYSTem command subsystem to return error numbers and messages from the power meter, preset the power meter, set the GPIB address, set the command language and query the SCPI version.

Chapter 12: TRIGger Subsystem

This chapter explains how the TRIGger command subsystem is used synchronize device actions with events.

Chapter 13: UNIT Subsystem

This chapter explains how to use the UNIT command subsystem to set the power meter measurement units to Watts and % (linear) , or dBm and dB (logarithmic).

Chapter 14: SERVice Subsystem

This chapter explains how to use the SERVice command subsystem to obtain and set information useful for servicing the power meter.

Chapter 15: IEEE488.2 Command Reference

This chapter contains information about the IEEE488.2 Common Commands that the power meter supports.

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List of Related Publications

The HP E4418B User’s Guide and the HP E4419B User’s Guide are available in the following languages:

• English Language User’s Guide - Standard

• German Language User’s Guide - Option ABD

• Spanish Language User’s Guide - Option ABE

• French Language User’s Guide - Option ABF

• Italian Language User’s Guide - Option ABZ

• Japanese Language User’s Guide - Option ABJ

HP E4418B/E4419B Service Guide is available by ordering Option 915.

HP E4418B/E4419B CLIPs (Component Location and Information Pack)

is available by ordering E4418-90031.

Useful information on SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) can be found in:

• A Beginner’s Guide to SCPI, which is available by ordering HP Part Number 5010-7166.

• The SCPI reference manuals which are available from: SCPI Consortium, 8380 Hercules Drive, Suite P3, La Mesa, CA 91942, USA. Telephone: 619-697-4301 Fax: 619-697-5955

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Table of Contents

Page

Legal Information ........................................................................iii

Notice .....................................................................................iii

Certification ...........................................................................iii

Warranty................................................................................iii

Limitation of Warranty......................................................... iv

Exclusive Remedies............................................................... iv

Equipment Operation ................................................................... v

Personal Safety Considerations............................................. v

General Safety Considerations.................................................... vi

Markings................................................................................ vi

IEC 1010-1 Compliance........................................................ vii

Statement of Compliance ..................................................... vii

User Environment................................................................ vii

Installation Instructions ...................................................... vii

About this Guide ........................................................................ viii

List of Related Publications ......................................................... x

Power Meter Remote Operation...................................................... 1-1

Introduction................................................................................... 1-2

Configuring the Remote Interface................................................ 1-3

Interface Selection.................................................................. 1-3

HP-IB Address........................................................................ 1-3

RS232/RS422 Configuration .................................................. 1-4

Programming Language Selection ....................................... 1-4

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter................................... 1-11

Zeroing .................................................................................... 1-11

Calibration .............................................................................. 1-11

Setting the Reference Calibration Factor ............................. 1-13

Making Measurements................................................................. 1-14

Using MEASure? .................................................................... 1-15

Using the CONFigure Command .......................................... 1-20

Using the Lower Level Commands........................................ 1-29

Using Sensor Calibration Tables ................................................. 1-30

Overview ................................................................................. 1-30

Editing Sensor Calibration Tables ........................................ 1-33

Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table .................................... 1-38

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Enabling the Sensor Calibration Table System.................... 1-38

Making the Measurement...................................................... 1-39

Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables................................. 1-40

Overview ................................................................................. 1-40

Editing Frequency Dependent Offset Tables........................ 1-42

Selecting a Frequency Dependent Offset Table.................... 1-45

Enabling the Frequency Dependent Offset Table System ... 1-45

Making the Measurement...................................................... 1-46

Setting the Range, Resolution and Averaging ............................ 1-47

Range ...................................................................................... 1-47

Resolution ............................................................................... 1-48

Averaging................................................................................ 1-48

Setting Offsets............................................................................... 1-51

Channel Offsets ...................................................................... 1-51

Display Offsets........................................................................ 1-51

Example .................................................................................. 1-52

Setting Measurement Limits ....................................................... 1-53

Setting Window Limits .......................................................... 1-55

Checking for Limit Failures................................................... 1-55

Example .................................................................................. 1-57

Measuring Pulsed Signals............................................................ 1-58

Making the Measurement...................................................... 1-58

Triggering the Power Meter......................................................... 1-61

Idle State................................................................................. 1-63

Initiate State........................................................................... 1-64

Event Detection State ............................................................ 1-64

Trigger Delay.......................................................................... 1-65

Getting the Best Speed Performance.......................................... 1-66

Speed....................................................................................... 1-66

Trigger Mode........................................................................... 1-66

Output Format........................................................................ 1-68

Units........................................................................................ 1-68

Command Used ...................................................................... 1-68

200 Readings/Sec.................................................................... 1-68

Dual Channel Considerations................................................ 1-69

How Measurements are Calculated............................................. 1-70

Status Reporting........................................................................... 1-71

The General Status Register Model ...................................... 1-72

How to Use Registers ............................................................. 1-74

Status Register ....................................................................... 1-79

Using the Operation Complete Commands .......................... 1-89

Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations.................... 1-91

How to Save and Recall a Configuration............................... 1-91

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Example Program................................................................... 1-91

Using Device Clear to Halt Measurements................................. 1-92

An Introduction to the SCPI Language ....................................... 1-93

Syntax Conventions................................................................ 1-95

SCPI Data Types .................................................................... 1-95

Input Message Terminators................................................... 1-101

Quick Reference ............................................................................ 1-102

MEASurement Commands .................................................... 1-103

CALCulate Subsystem ........................................................... 1-104

CALibration Subsystem ......................................................... 1-105

DISPlay Subsystem................................................................ 1-105

FORMat Subsystem ............................................................... 1-105

MEMory Subsystem ............................................................... 1-106

OUTPut Subsystem................................................................ 1-106

[SENSe] Subsystem................................................................ 1-107

STATus Subsystem ................................................................ 1-108

SYSTem Subsystem ............................................................... 1-109

TRIGger Subsystem ............................................................... 1-109

UNIT Subsystem .................................................................... 1-110

SERVice Subsystem ............................................................... 1-110

SCPI Compliance Information ..................................................... 1-111

MEASurement Instructions.............................................................. 2-1

MEASurement Instructions ......................................................... 2-2

CONFigure[1|2]?.......................................................................... 2-6

CONFigure[1|2] Commands........................................................ 2-8

CONFigure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC] [<expected_value>

[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ..................................................... 2-9

CONFigure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RELative

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-11

CONFigure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:DIFFerence

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-13

CONFigure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:DIFFerence:RELative

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-15

CONFigure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RATio

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-17

CONFigure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RATio:RELative

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-19

FETCh[1|2] Queries..................................................................... 2-21

FETCh[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]? [<expected_value>

[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ..................................................... 2-22

FETCh[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-24

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FETCh[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:DIFFerence?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-27

FETCh[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:DIFFerence:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-29

FETCh[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RATio?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-31

FETCh[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RATio:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-33

READ[1|2] Commands................................................................. 2-35

READ[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]? [<expected_value>

[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ..................................................... 2-36

READ[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-38

READ[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:DIFFerence?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-41

READ[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:DIFFerence:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-43

READ[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RATio? [<expected_value>

[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ..................................................... 2-45

READ[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RATio:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-47

MEASure[1|2] Commands........................................................... 2-49

MEASure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]? [<expected_value>

[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ..................................................... 2-50

MEASure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-52

MEASure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:DIFFerence?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-54

MEASure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:DIFFerence:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-56

MEASure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RATio?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-58

MEASure[1|2][:SCALar][:POWer:AC]:RATio:RELative?

[<expected_value>[,<resolution>[,<source list>]]] ...................... 2-60

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CALCulate Subsystem........................................................................ 3-1

CALCulate Subsystem.................................................................. 3-2

The CALCulate[1|2]:GAIN Node ................................................ 3-4

CALCulate[1|2]:GAIN[:MAGNitude] <numeric_value>............ 3-5

CALCulate[1|2]:GAIN:STATe <Boolean> .................................. 3-7

CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit Node........................................................ 3-8

CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit:CLEar:AUTO <Boolean>|ONCE.......... 3-9

CALCulate[1|2]:Limit:CLEar[:IMMediate]................................ 3-11

CALCulate[1|2]LIMit:FAIL?....................................................... 3-12

CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit:FCOunt? ................................................. 3-13

CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit:LOWer[:DATA] <mumeric_value>........ 3-15

CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit:STATe <Boolean> .................................. 3-17

CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit:UPPer[:DATA] <numeric_value>.......... 3-19

The CALCulate[1|2]:MATH Node............................................... 3-21

CALCulate[1|2]:MATH[:EXPRession] <string>......................... 3-22

CALCulate[1|2]:MATH[:EXPRession]:CATalog?....................... 3-24

The CALCulate[1|2]:RELative Node .......................................... 3-25

CALCulate[1|2]:RELative[:MAGNitude]:AUTO <Boolean>

|ONCE .......................................................................................... 3-26

CALCulate[1|2]:RELative:STATe <Boolean> ............................ 3-28

CALibration Subsystem..................................................................... 4-1

CALibration Subsystem................................................................ 4-2

CALibration[1|2][:ALL] ............................................................... 4-3

CALibration[1|2][:ALL]?.............................................................. 4-5

CALibration[1|2]:AUTO <Boolean>|ONCE............................... 4-7

CALibration[1|2]:ECONtrol:STATe <Boolean> ......................... 4-9

CALibration[1|2]:RCALibration <Boolean>............................... 4-10

CALibration[1|2]:RCFactor <numeric_value> ........................... 4-12

CALibration[1|2]:ZERO:AUTO <Boolean>|ONCE ................... 4-14

DISPlay Subsystem............................................................................. 5-1

DISPlay Subsystem ...................................................................... 5-2

DISPlay:CONTrast <numeric_value> ......................................... 5-3

DISPlay:ENABle <Boolean> ........................................................ 5-5

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]] Node..................................................... 5-6

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]]:FORMat <character_data> ................ 5-7

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]]:METer Node........................................ 5-9

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]]:METer:LOWer <numeric_value> ...... 5-10

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]]:METer:UPPer <numeric_value> ....... 5-12

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]]:RESolution <numeric_value> ............ 5-14

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]]:SELect ................................................. 5-16

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]][:STATe] <Boolean>............................. 5-17

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FORMat Subsystem ............................................................................ 6-1

FORMat Subsystem...................................................................... 6-2

FORMat[:READings]:BORDer NORMal|SWAPped.................. 6-3

FORMat[:READings][:DATA] <Type>......................................... 6-4

MEMory Subsystem ............................................................................ 7-1

MEMory Subsystem...................................................................... 7-2

MEMory:CATalog Node................................................................ 7-3

MEMory:CATalog[:ALL]?............................................................. 7-4

MEMory:CATalog:STATe? ........................................................... 7-6

MEMory:CATalog:TABLe?........................................................... 7-7

MEMory:CLEar Node................................................................... 7-9

MEMory:CLEar[:NAME] <string> .............................................. 7-10

MEMory:CLEar:TABLe................................................................ 7-11

The MEMory:FREE Node............................................................. 7-12

MEMory:FREE[:ALL]? ................................................................. 7-13

MEMory:FREE:STATe?................................................................ 7-14

MEMory:FREE:TABLe? ............................................................... 7-15

MEMory:NSTates?........................................................................ 7-16

The MEMory:STATe Node ........................................................... 7-17

MEMory:STATe:CATalog? ........................................................... 7-18

MEMory:STATe:DEFine <string>,<numeric_value> ................. 7-19

MEMory:TABLe Node .................................................................. 7-21

MEMory:TABLe:FREQuency <numeric_value>

{,<numeric_value>} ....................................................................... 7-22

MEMory:TABLe:FREQuency:POINts?........................................ 7-25

MEMory:TABLe:GAIN[:MAGNitude]

<numeric_value>{,<numeric_value>} .......................................... 7-26

MEMory:TABLe:GAIN[:MAGNitude]:POINts? .......................... 7-28

MEMory:TABLe:MOVE <string>,<string>................................. 7-29

MEMory:TABLe:SELect <string>................................................ 7-30

OUTput Subsystem ............................................................................. 8-1

OUTPut Subsystem ...................................................................... 8-2

OUTPut:ROSCillator[:STATe] <Boolean> .................................. 8-3

OUTPut:TTL[1|2]:ACTive HIGH|LOW..................................... 8-4

OUTPut:TTL[1|2]:FEED <string>.............................................. 8-5

OUTPut:TTL[1|2]:STATe <Boolean> ......................................... 8-7

Contents-6 HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide

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SENSe Subsystem................................................................................ 9-1

[SENSe] Subsystem ...................................................................... 9-2

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage Node .......................................... 9-4

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage:COUNt <numeric_value> ........ 9-5

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO <Boolean>

|ONCE .......................................................................................... 9-7

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage:SDETect <Boolean> ................. 9-10

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage[:STATe] <Boolean> .................. 9-12

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection Node...................................... 9-13

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET[1]|CSET2 Node ........ 9-14

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET[1]|CSET2[:SELect]

<string> ......................................................................................... 9-15

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET[1]|CSET2:STATe

<Boolean>...................................................................................... 9-17

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:DCYCle|GAIN3 Node ......... 9-19

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:DCYCle|GAIN3[:INPut]

[:MAGNitude] <numeric_value>.................................................. 9-20

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:DCYCle|GAIN3:STATe

<Boolean>...................................................................................... 9-23

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:GAIN[1|2] Node .................. 9-25

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CFACtor|GAIN[1|2]

[:INPut][:MAGNitude] <numeric_value> .................................... 9-26

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:GAIN2:STATe <Boolean> ... 9-29 [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:FDOFfset|GAIN4[:INPut]

[:MAGNitude]? .............................................................................. 9-31

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:LOSS2 Node......................... 9-32

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:LOSS2[:INPut]

[:MAGNitude] <numeric_value>.................................................. 9-33

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:LOSS2:STATe <Boolean> ... 9-35 [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:FREQuency[:CW|:FIXed]

<numeric_value>........................................................................... 9-37

The [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:LIMit:CLEar Node............................. 9-39

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:LIMit:CLEar:AUTO <Boolean>|ONCE .. 9-40

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:LIMit:CLEar[:IMMediate]........................ 9-42

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:LIMit:FAIL?............................................... 9-43

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:LIMit:FCOunt?.......................................... 9-44

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:LIMit:LOWer[:DATA] <numeric_value> . 9-46

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:LIMit:STATe <Boolean>........................... 9-48

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:LIMit:UPPer[:DATA] <numeric_value> .. 9-49

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:POWer:AC:RANGe <numeric_value>...... 9-51

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:POWer:AC:RANGe:AUTO <Boolean> ..... 9-52

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:SPEed <numeric_value>........................... 9-54

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:V2P ATYPe|DTYPe.................................. 9-56

HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide Contents-7

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STATus Subsystem............................................................................ 10-1

STATus Subsystem..................................................................... 10-2

Status Register Set Commands ................................................. 10-4

Device Status Register Sets ....................................................... 10-8

Operation Register Sets.............................................................. 10-10

STATus:OPERation.................................................................... 10-11

STATus:OPERation:CALibrating[:SUMMary] ......................... 10-12

STATus:OPERation:LLFail[:SUMMary]................................... 10-13

STATus:OPERation:MEASuring[:SUMMary] .......................... 10-14

STATus:OPERation:SENSe[:SUMMary] .................................. 10-15

STATus:OPERation:TRIGger[:SUMMary]................................ 10-16

STATus:OPERation:ULFail[:SUMMary] .................................. 10-17

STATus:PRESet.......................................................................... 10-18

Questionable Register Sets ........................................................ 10-19

STATus:QUEStionable............................................................... 10-20

STATus:QUEStionable:CALibration[:SUMMary] .................... 10-21

STATus:QUEStionable:POWer[:SUMMary]............................. 10-22

SYSTem Subsystem........................................................................... 11-1

SYSTem Subsystem.................................................................... 11-2

SYSTem:COMMunicate:GPIB[:SELF]:ADDRess

<numeric_value>......................................................................... 11-3

SYStem:COMMunicate:Serial Node.......................................... 11-4

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:CONTrol:DTR ON|OFF|

IBFull........................................................................................... 11-5

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:CONTrol:RTS ON|OFF|

IBFull........................................................................................... 11-6

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:BAUD

<numeric_value>......................................................................... 11-7

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:BITs

<numeric_value>......................................................................... 11-9

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:PACE XON|

NONE .......................................................................................... 11-11

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:PARity[:TYPE]

EVEN|ODD|ZERO|ONE|NONE............................................ 11-12

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:SBITs

<numeric_value>......................................................................... 11-14

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:AUTO?................. 11-15

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:BAUD

<numeric_value>......................................................................... 11-16

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:BITs

<numeric_value>......................................................................... 11-18

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:ECHO ON|

Contents-8 HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide

Page 19

OFF.............................................................................................. 11-19

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:PACE XON|

NONE .......................................................................................... 11-21

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:PARity[:TYPE]

EVEN|ODD|ZERO|ONE|NONE............................................ 11-22

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:SBITs

<numeric_value>......................................................................... 11-24

SYSTem:ERRor? ......................................................................... 11-26

SYSTem:LANGuage <character_data>..................................... 11-27

SYStem:LOCal ............................................................................ 11-28

SYSTem:PRESet......................................................................... 11-29

SYSTem:REMote ........................................................................ 11-32

SYSTem:RINTerface GPIB|RS232|RS422 .............................. 11-33

SYSTem:RWLock........................................................................ 11-34

SYSTem:VERSion? ..................................................................... 11-35

TRIGger Subsystem.......................................................................... 12-1

TRIGger Subsystem.................................................................... 12-2

ABORt[1|2]................................................................................. 12-3

INITiate Node ............................................................................. 12-4

INITiate[1|2]:CONTinuous <Boolean>..................................... 12-5

INITiate[1|2][:IMMediate]......................................................... 12-7

TRIGger Node ............................................................................. 12-8

TRIGger[1|2]:DELay:AUTO <Boolean> ................................... 12-9

TRIGger[1|2][:IMMediate]......................................................... 12-11

TRIGger[1|2]:SOURce BUS|IMMediate|HOLD..................... 12-12

UNIT Subsystem ................................................................................ 13-1

UNIT Subsystem......................................................................... 13-2

UNIT[1|2]:POWer <amplitude_unit>....................................... 13-3

UNIT[1|2]:POWer:RATio <ratio_unit>..................................... 13-6

SERVice Subsystem .......................................................................... 14-1

SERVice Subsystem.................................................................... 14-2

SERVice:OPTion <string>.......................................................... 14-3

SERVice:SENSor[1|2]:CDATE? ................................................ 14-4

SERVice:SENSor[1|2]:CPLace?................................................. 14-5

SERVice:SENSor[1|2]:SNUMber? ............................................ 14-6

SERVice:SENSor[1|2]:TYPE? ................................................... 14-7

SERVice:SNUMber <alpha_numeric>....................................... 14-8

SERVice:VERSion:PROCessor <string>.................................... 14-9

SERVice:VERSion:SYSTem <string>........................................ 14-10

HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide Contents-9

Page 20

IEEE488.2 Command Reference .................................................... 15-1

IEEE-488 Compliance Information............................................ 15-2

Universal Commands ................................................................. 15-3

DCL ....................................................................................... 15-3

GET ....................................................................................... 15-3

GTL ....................................................................................... 15-3

LLO ....................................................................................... 15-4

PPC........................................................................................ 15-4

PPD ....................................................................................... 15-4

PPE........................................................................................ 15-4

PPU ....................................................................................... 15-5

SDC ....................................................................................... 15-5

SPD........................................................................................ 15-6

SPE........................................................................................ 15-6

*CLS ............................................................................................ 15-7

*DDT <arbitrary block program data>|

<string program data>................................................................ 15-8

*ESE <NRf> ................................................................................ 15-10

*ESR?........................................................................................... 15-11

*IDN?........................................................................................... 15-12

*OPC............................................................................................ 15-13

*OPT? .......................................................................................... 15-14

*RCL <NRf>................................................................................ 15-15

*RST ............................................................................................ 15-16

*SAV <NRf> ................................................................................ 15-17

*SRE <NRf> ................................................................................ 15-18

*STB?........................................................................................... 15-20

*TRG............................................................................................ 15-22

*TST?........................................................................................... 15-23

*WAI ............................................................................................ 15-24

Contents-10 HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide

Page 21

List of Figures

Page

1-1 Sensor Calibration Tables......................................................... 1-31

1-2 Frequency Dependent Offset Tables......................................... 1-41

1-3 Averaged Readings .................................................................... 1-49

1-4 Averaging Range Hysteresis..................................................... 1-49

1-5 Limits Checking Application..................................................... 1-53

1-6 Limits Checking Results ........................................................... 1-54

1-7 Pulsed Signal ............................................................................. 1-58

1-8 Trigger System........................................................................... 1-63

1-9 How Measurements are Calculated.......................................... 1-70

1-10 Generalized Status Register Model .......................................... 1-72

1-11 Typical Status Register Bit Changes........................................ 1-73

1-12 Status System ............................................................................ 1-79

3-1 CALCulate Block ....................................................................... 3-3

9-1 Averaged Readings .................................................................... 9-7

HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide Contents-11

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Contents-12 HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide

Page 23

List of Tables

Page

1-1 HP 437B Command Summary.................................................. 1-6

1-2 HP 438A Command Summary................................................. 1-9

1-3 MEASure? and CONFigure Preset States ............................... 1-14

1-4 Range of Values for Window Limits ......................................... 1-55

1-5 Bit Definitions - Status Byte Register...................................... 1-80

1-6 Bit Definitions - Standard Event Register ............................... 1-82

3-1 Measurement Units................................................................... 3-15

3-2 Measurement Units................................................................... 3-19

5-1 Measurement Units................................................................... 5-10

5-2 Measurement Units................................................................... 5-12

10-1 Status Data Structure ............................................................. 10-2

11-1 Preset Settings......................................................................... 11-29

15-1 PPD Mapping............................................................................. 4

15-2 PPE Mapping ............................................................................. 5

15-3 *ESE Mapping ......................................................................... 10

15-4 *ESR? Mapping........................................................................ 11

15-5 *SRE Mapping ......................................................................... 18

15-6 *STB? Mapping........................................................................ 20

HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide Contents-13

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Contents-14 HP E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide

Page 25

Power Meter Remote Operation

Page 26

Power Meter Remote Operation

Introduction

This chapter describes the parameters which conﬁgure the power meter and help you determine settings to optimize performance. It contains the following sections:

“Conﬁguring the Remote Interface”, on page 1-3.

“Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter”, on page 1-11.

“Making Measurements”, on page 1-14.

“Using Sensor Calibration Tables”, on page 1-30.

“Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables”, on page 1-40

“Setting the Range, Resolution and Averaging”, on page 1-47.

“Setting Offsets”, on page 1-51.

“Setting Measurement Limits”, on page 1-53.

“Measuring Pulsed Signals”, on page 1-58.

“Triggering the Power Meter”, on page 1-61.

“Getting the Best Speed Performance”, on page 1-66.

“How Measurements are Calculated”, on page 1-70.

“Status Reporting”, on page 1-71.

“Saving and Recalling Power Meter Conﬁgurations”, on page 1-91.

“Using Device Clear to Halt Measurements”, on page 1-92.

“An Introduction to the SCPI Language”, on page 1-93.

“Quick Reference”, on page 1-102.

“SCPI Compliance Information”, on page 1-111.

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

Conﬁguring the Remote Interface

This section describes how to conﬁgure the HP-IB, RS232 and RS422 remote interfaces.

Interface Selection

You can choose to control the power meter remotely using either the HP-IB, RS232 or RS422 standard interfaces.

For information on selecting the remote interface manually from the front panel, refer to the HP E4418B/HPE4419B User’s Guides.

To select the interface remotely use the :

• SYSTem:RINTerface command

To query the current remote interface selection use the:

• SYSTem:RINTerface? command

HP-IB Address

Each device on the HP-IB (IEEE-488) interface must have a unique address. You can set the power meter’s address to any value between 0 and 30. The address is set to 13 when the power meter is shipped from the factory.

The address is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not change when the power meter is switched off, or after a remote interface reset.

Your HP-IB bus controller has its own address. Avoid using the bus controller’s address for any instrument on the interface bus. Hewlett-Packard controllers generally use address 21.

For information on setting the HP-IB address manually from the front panel, refer to the HP E4418B/E4419B User’s Guides.

To set the HP-IB address from the remote interface use the:

• SYSTem:COMMunicate:GPIB:ADDRess command.

To query the HP-IB address from the remote interface use the;

• SYSTem:COMMunicate:GPIB:ADDRess? query.

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

RS232/RS422 Conﬁguration

The RS232/RS422 serial port on the rear panel is a nine pin D-type connector conﬁgured as a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). For pin-out information and cable length restrictions refer to the HP E4418A/E4419B User’s Guides.

You can set the baud rate, word length, parity, number of stop bits, software and hardware pacing, either remotely or from the front panel. For front panel operation refer to the HP E4418A/E4419B User’s Guides. For remote operation use the following commands:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:CONTrol:DTR SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:CONTrol:RTS SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:BAUD SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:BITs SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:PACE SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:PARity[:TYPE] SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial[:RECeive]:SBIT SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:BAUD SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:BIT SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:ECHO SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:PACE SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:PARity[:TYPE] SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:TRANsmit:SBIT

Programming Language Selection

You can select one of two languages to program the power meter from the remote interface. The language is SCPI when the power meter is shipped from the factory. The other language depends on the model number of your power meter:

• For E4418B the language is 437B programming language.

• For E4419B the language is 438A programming language.

The language selection is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off, or after either a remote interface reset, or a front panel preset.

For information on selecting the interface language manually from the front panel, refer to the E4418B/E4419B User’s Guides.

To select the interface language from the remote interface use the:

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

• SYSTem:LANGuage command.

To query the interface language from the remote interface use the:

• SYSTem:LANGuage? query.

Table 1-1 details all the HP 437B commands that the HP E4418B supports and their function, and Table 1-2 details all the HP 438A commands that the E4419B supports and their function. For a detailed description of these commands refer to the HP 437B Power Meter

Operating Manual (E4418B users), or the HP 438A Operating and Service Manual (E4419B users). In addition, the SYST:LANG SCPI command

allows you to return to using the SCPI programming language when in the HP 437B or HP 438A mode. Note that the 437B commands only operate on the upper window of the E4418B.

437B/438A Error Codes

If an overrun error, parity error, or framing error occurs, then the status message will return the following additional error codes to those outlined in the 437B and 438A Operating Manuals.:

Error Code Description

94 Receiver overrun error

95 Parity error

96 Framing error

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

Table 1-1: HP 437B Command Summary

Command Description

*CLS

CS CT

DC0 DC1

Calibrate Clear all status registers Clear the status byte Clear sensor table All display segments on

Duty Cycle off Duty Cycle on

DD Display disable DE Display enable DF

DY EN

ERR?

*ESR?

*ESE

*ESE?

ET EX FA FH FM

FR GT0 GT1 GT2

IDN?

Display enable Down arrow key

Display user message Enter duty cycle

Enter Device error query Event status register query Set event status register mask Event status register mask query Edit sensor table Exit Automatic ﬁlter selection Filter hold Manual ﬁlter selection Enter measurement frequency Ignore GET bus command Trigger immediate response to GET Trigger with delay response to GET Gigahertz Hertz Identiﬁcation query Identiﬁcation query Enter measurement cal factor

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

Command Description

KZ LG LH

LL LM0 LM1

LN LP2

MZ OC0 OC1

OD OF0 OF1

OS PCT

RH RL0 RL1 RL2

*RST

Kilohertz Log units (dBm/dB) Enter high (upper) limit Enter low (lower) limit Disable limits checking Enable limits checking Linear units (watts/%) Learn mode Left arrow key

Megahertz Reference oscillator off Reference oscillator on Output display Offset off Offset on Enter offset value Percent Preset Auto range Recall instrument conﬁguration Set display resolution Enter sensor table reference calibration factor Range hold Exit from relative mode Enter relative mode (take new reference) Enter relative mode (use last reference) Set measurement range Reset Right arrow key

Read service request mask Select sensor calibration table Status message Enter sensor identiﬁcation/serial number

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

Command Description

SPD 20|40

*SRE

*SRE?

*STB?

SYST:LANG SCPI

TK?

TR0 TR1 TR2 TR3

*TST?

ZE @1 @2

Special 20 or 40 readings/sec

Set the service request mask Service request mask query Store (save) power meter conﬁguration Read status byte

Selects SCPI language Last measurement result transmitted Trigger hold

Trigger immediate Trigger with delay Trigger free run Self test query Up arrow key

Zero Preﬁx for status mask Learn mode preﬁx Percent

1. This command is accepted but has no active function.

2. This command is not an original HP 437B command. However, it can be used to set the measurement speed to 20 or 40 readings/sec in HP 437B mode. See SENSE:SPEED for more details.

3. This command is not an original HP 437B command. However, it can be used to terminate the HP 437B language and select the SCPI language. Note that it is recommended that the instrument is Preset following a language switch.

4. This command is not an original HP 437B command. However, it can be used to allow the last measurement result to be transmitted. This is equivalent to sending the power meter talk address in HP-IB mode to fetch the last reading (provided no query is pending).

5. Always returns 0000 in HP 437B language.

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

Table 1-2: HP 438A Command Summary

Command Description

FR GT0 GT1 GT2

LL LM0 LM1

LN LP1 LP2 OC0

Sensor A minus Sensor B measurement SET A Sensor A measurement A/B ratio measurement Sensor B minus Sensor A measurement SET B Sensor B measurement B/A ratio measurement Calibrate Clear the status byte All display segments on

Display disable Display enable Display offset Enter Automatic ﬁlter selection Filter hold Manual ﬁlter selection Enter measurement frequency Ignore GET bus command Trigger immediate response to GET Trigger with delay response to GET Enter measurement cal factor Log units (dBm/dB) Enter high (upper) limit Enter low (lower) limit Disable limits checking Enable limits checking Linear units (watts/%) Learn mode #1 Learn mode #2 Reference oscillator off

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

Command Description

OC1

OS PR RA RC

RH RL0 RL1

SPD 20|40

SYST:LANG SCPI

TK?

TR0 TR1 TR2 TR3

@1 ?ID

Reference oscillator on Enter offset value Preset Auto range Recall instrument conﬁguration Range hold Exit from relative mode Enter relative mode (take new reference) Set measurement range Read service request mask Status message 20 or 40 readings/sec Store (save) power meter conﬁguration

Selects SCPI language Last measurement result transmitted Trigger hold

Trigger immediate Trigger with delay Trigger free run Zero Preﬁx for status mask Identiﬁcation query

1. This command is accepted but has no active function.

2. This command is not an original HP 438A command. However, it can be used to set the measurement speed to 20 or 40 readings/sec in HP 438A mode. See SENSE:SPEED for more details.

3. This command is not an original HP 438A command. However, it can be used to terminate the HP 438A language and select the SCPI language. Note that it is recommended that the instrument is Preset following a language switch.

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

This section describes how to zero and calibrate the power meter.

The calibration and zeroing commands are overlapped commands refer to “Using the Operation Complete Commands”, on page 1-89 to determine when the commands are complete.

Zeroing

Zeroing adjusts the power meter’s speciﬁed channel for a zero power reading with no power applied to the power sensor.

The command used to zero the power meter is:

CALibration[1|2]:ZERO:AUTO ONCE

The command assumes that there is no power being applied to the sensor. It turns the power reference oscillator off, then after zeroing, returns the power reference oscillator to the same state it was in prior to the command being received. Zeroing takes approximately 10 seconds depending on the type of power sensor being used.

When to Zero?

Zeroing of the power meter is recommended:

• when a 50C change in temperature occurs.

• when you change the power sensor.

• every 24 hours.

• prior to measuring low level signals. For example, 10 dB above the lowest speciﬁed power for your power sensor.

Calibration

Calibration sets the gain of the power meter using a 50 MHz 1 mW calibrator as a traceable power reference. The power meter’s POWER REF output or a suitable external reference is used as the signal source for calibration. An essential part of calibrating is setting the correct reference calibration factor for the power sensor you are using. The HP 8480 series power sensors require you to set the reference calibration factor. The HP E-series power sensors set the reference calibration factor

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

automatically. Offset, relative and duty cycle settings are ignored during calibration.

The command used to calibrate the power meter is:

CALibration[1|2]:AUTO ONCE

The command assumes that the power sensor is connected to a 1 mW reference signal. It turns the power reference oscillator on, then after calibrating, returns the power reference oscillator to the same state it was in prior to the command being received. It is recommended that you zero the power meter before calibrating.

Calibration Sequence

This feature allows you to perform a complete calibration sequence with a single query. The query is:

CALibration[1|2][:ALL]?

The query assumes that the power sensor is connected to the power reference oscillator. It turns the power reference oscillator on, then after calibrating, returns the power reference oscillator to the same state it was in prior to the command being received. The calibration sequence consists of:

• Zeroing the power meter (CALibration[1|2]:ZERO:AUTO ONCE), and

• calibrating the power meter (CALibration[1|2]:AUTO ONCE).

The query enters a number into the output buffer when the sequence is complete. If the result is 0 the sequence was successful. If the result is 1 the sequence failed. Refer to “CALibration[1|2][:ALL]?”, on page 4-5 for further information.

Note The CALibration[1|2][:ALL] command is identical to the

CALibration[1|2][:ALL]? query except that no number is

returned to indicate the outcome of the sequence. You can examine the Questionable Status Register or the error queue to discover if the sequence has passed or failed. Refer to “Status Reporting”, on page 1-71 for further information.

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Setting the Reference Calibration Factor

All the HP 8480 series power sensors require you to set the reference calibration factor. The reference calibration factor can be set by:

• entering the value into the power meter using the

CALibrate[1|2]:RCFactor command.

• selecting and enabling the sensor calibration table. The reference calibration factor is automatically set by the power meter using the reference calibration factor stored in the sensor calibration table. See “Using Sensor Calibration Tables”, on page 1-30 for further information.

Examples

a) To enter a reference calibration factor of 98.7% for channel A, you

should use the following command :

CAL:RCF 98.7PCT

This overides any RCF previously set by selecting a sensor calibration table.

b) To automatically set the reference calibration factor, you have to

use a sensor calibration table as described in “Using Sensor Calibration Tables”, on page 1-30. To select and enable the table use the following commands:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1:SELect <string> [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1:STATe ON

When the sensor calibration table is selected the RCF from the table overides any value previously set.

Querying the Reference Calibration Factor

To determine the current reference calibration factor, use the following command:

CALibration[1|2]:RCFactor?

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Making Measurements

The MEASure? and CONFigure commands provide the most straight-forward method to program the power meter for measurements. You can select the measurement’s expected power level, resolution and with the HP E4419B the measurement type (that is single channel, difference or ratio measurements) all in one command. The power meter automatically presets other measurement parameters to default values as shown in Table 1-3.

Table 1-3: MEASure? and CONFigure Preset States

Command

Trigger source (TRIGger:SOURce)

Filter (SENSe:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO)

Filter state (SENSe:AVERage:STATe)

Trigger cycle (INITiate:CONTinuous)

Trigger Delay (TRIGger:DELay:AUTO)

An alternative method to program the power meter is to use the lower level commands. The advantage of using the lower level commands over the CONFigure command is that they give you more precise control of the power meter. As shown in Table 1-3 the CONFigure command presets various states in the power meter. It may be likely that you do not want to preset these states. Refer to “Using the Lower Level Commands”, on page 1-29 for further information.

MEASure? and CONFigure

Setting

Immediate

Off

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Making Measurements

Using MEASure?

The simplest way to program the power meter for measurements is by using the MEASure? query. However, this command does not offer much ﬂexibility. When you execute the command, the power meter selects the best settings for the requested conﬁguration and immediately performs the measurement. You cannot change any settings (other than the expected power value, resolution and with the HP E4419B the measurement type) before the measurement is taken. This means you cannot ﬁne tune the measurement, for example, you cannot change the ﬁlter length. To make more ﬂexible and accurate measurements use the CONFIGure command. The measurement results are sent to the output buffer. MEASure? is a compound command which is equivalent to an ABORT, followed by a CONFigure, followed by a READ?.

MEASure? Examples

The following commands show a few examples of how to use the MEASure? query to make a measurement. It is advisable to read through these examples in order as they become increasingly more detailed. These examples conﬁgure the power meter for a measurement (as described in each individual example), automatically place the power meter in the “wait-for-trigger” state, internally trigger the power meter to take one reading, and then sends the reading to the output buffer.

These examples give an overview of the MEASure? query. For further information on the MEASure? commands refer to the section “MEASure[1|2] Commands” starting on page 2-49 .

Example 1 - The Simplest Method

The following commands show the simplest method of making single channel (for example A or B) measurements. Using MEAS1? will result in an upper window measurement, and MEAS2? in a lower window measurement. The channel associated with the window can be set using the source list parameter (see example 2), or will default as in this example (See “HP E4419B only” on page 18.).

speciﬁes window

MEAS1? MEAS2?

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Making Measurements

Example 2 - Specifying the Source List Parameter

The MEASure command has three optional parameters, an expected power value, a resolution and a source list. These parameters must be entered in the speciﬁed order. If parameters are omitted, they will default from the right. The parameter DEFault is used as a place holder.

The following example uses the source list parameter to specify the measurement channel as channel A. The expected power and resolution parameters are defaulted, leaving them at their current settings. The measurement is carried out on the upper window.

speciﬁes window speciﬁes channel

MEAS1? DEF,DEF,(@1)

The operation of the MEAS1? command when the source list parameter is defaulted is described in the note on page 1-18.

Note For the HP E4418B it is not necessary to specify a channel as only

one channel is available.

Example 3 - Specifying the Expected Power Parameter

The previous example details the three optional parameters which can be used with the MEASure? command. The ﬁrst optional parameter is used to enter an expected power value. Entering this parameter is only relevant if you are using an HP E-series power sensor. The value entered determines which of the power sensor’s two ranges is used for the measurement. If the current setting of the power sensor’s range is no longer valid for the new measurement, specifying the expected power value decreases the time taken to obtain a result.

The following example uses the expected value parameter to specify a value of -50 dBm. This selects the power sensor’s lower range (refer to “Range”, on page 1-47 for details of the range breaks). The resolution parameter is defaulted, leaving it at its current setting. The source list parameter speciﬁes a channel B measurement. The measurement is displayed on the lower window.

speciﬁes expected power value

speciﬁes window speciﬁes channel

MEAS2? -50,DEF,(@2)

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Power Meter Remote Operation

Making Measurements

Example 4 - Specifying the Resolution Parameter

The previous examples detailed the use of the expected value and source list parameters. The resolution parameter is used to set the resolution of the speciﬁed window. This parameter does not affect the resolution of the HP-IB data, however it does affect the auto averaging setting (refer to Figure 1-3 on page 1-49).

Since the ﬁlter length used for a channel with auto-averaging enabled is dependent on the window resolution setting, a conﬂict arises when a given channel is set up in both windows and the resolution settings are different. In this case, the higher resolution setting is used to determine the ﬁlter length.

The following example uses the resolution parameter to specify a resolution setting of 3. This setting represents 3 signiﬁcant digits if the measurement sufﬁx is W or %, and 0.01 dB if the sufﬁx is dB or dBm (for further details on the resolution parameter refer to the commands in Chapter 2, “MEASurement Instructions”.). Also, in this example the expected power and source list parameters are defaulted. The expected power value will be left unchanged at its current setting. The source list parameter will be defaulted as described in the note on page 1-18. Note that as the source list parameter is the last speciﬁed parameter you do not have to specify DEF. The measurement is carried out on the upper window.

speciﬁes window speciﬁes resolution setting

MEAS1? DEF,3

Example 5 - Making a Difference Measurement

The following command can only be carried out on the HP E4419B. It queries the lower window to make a difference measurement of channelB-channel A . The expected power and resolution parameters are defaulted, leaving them at their current settings.

speciﬁes between which channels

speciﬁes window

the difference is calculated

MEAS2:POW:AC:DIFF? DEF,DEF,(@2),(@1)

Channel B - A

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Example 6 - Making a Ratio Measurement

The following command can only be carried out on the HP E4419B. It queries the upper window to make a ratio measurement of channel A/B . The expected power and resolution parameters are defaulted, leaving them at their current settings.

speciﬁes window

MEAS1:POW:AC:RAT? DEF,DEF,(@1),(@2)

Note HP E4419B only

The operation of the MEASure? command when the source list parameter is defaulted depends on the current setup of the window concerned (for example, A, B, A/B, A-B etc.) and on the particular command used (for example, MEAS[:POW][:AC]? and MEAS:POW:AC:RAT? etc).

speciﬁes the relationship of the channels in the ratio

Channel A / B

This means that when the source list parameter is defaulted, there are a number of possibilities.

Command Current Window Setup Measurement

MEAS1[:POW][AC]? Upper Window: A A

Any Other A

MEAS2[:POW][AC]? Lower Window: A A

Any Other B

MEAS1:POW:AC:RAT Upper Window: A/B A/B

B/A B/A

Any Other A/B

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Command Current Window Setup Measurement

MEAS2:POW:AC:RAT Lower Window: A/B

B/A

Any Other

MEAS1:POW:AC:DIFF? Upper Window: A-B

B-A

Any Other

MEAS2:POW:AC:DIFF? Lower Window: A-B

B-A

Any Other

A/B

B/A

A/B

A-B

B-A

A-B

B-A

A-B

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Using the CONFigure Command

When you execute this command, the power meter presets the best settings for the requested conﬁguration (like the MEASure? query). However, the measurement is not automatically started and you can change measurement parameters before making measurements. This allows you to incrementally change the power meter’s conﬁguration from the preset conditions. The power meter offers a variety of low-level commands in the SENSe, CALCulate, and TRIGger subsystems. For example, if you want to change the averaging use the [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage:COUNt command.

Use the INITiate or READ? query to initiate the measurement.

Using READ?

CONFigure does not take the measurement. One method of obtaining a result is to use the READ? query. The READ? query takes the measurement using the parameters set by the CONFigure command then sends the reading to the output buffer. Using the READ? query will obtain new data.

Using INITiate and FETCh?

CONFigure does not take the measurement. One method of obtaining the result is to use the INITiate and FETCh? commands. The INITiate command causes the measurement to be taken. The FETCh? query retrieves a reading when the measurement is complete, and sends the reading to the output buffer. FETCh? can be used to display the measurement results in a number of different formats (for example, A/B and B/A) without taking fresh data for each measurement.

CONFigure Examples

The following program segments show how to use the READ? command and the INITiate and FETCh? commands with CONFigure to make measurements.

It is advisable to read through these examples in order as they become increasingly more detailed.

These examples give an overview of the CONFigure command. For further information on the CONFigure commands refer to Chapter 2, “MEASurement Instructions”.

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Making Measurements

Example 1 - The Simplest Method

The following program segments show the simplest method of querying the upper and lower window’s measurement results respectively.

Using READ?

*RST Reset instrument CONF1 Conﬁgure upper window - defaults to a channel A

measurement

READ1? Take upper window (channel A) measurement *RST Reset instrument

CONF2 Conﬁgure the lower window - defaults to channel A

(HP E4418B), Channel B (HP E4419B) measurement

READ2? Take lower window measurement (channel A on

HP E4418B, B on HP E4419B)

Using INITiate and FETCh?

*RST Reset instrument CONF1 Conﬁgure upper window - defaults to a channel A

measurement

INIT1 Causes channel A to make a measurement FETC1? Retrieves the upper window’s measurement

For the HP E4418B only:

*RST Reset instrument CONF2 Conﬁgure lower window - HP E4418B defaults to channel A INIT1? Causes channel A to make measurement FETC2? Retrieves the lower window’s measurement

For the HP E4419B only:

*RST Reset instrument CONF2 Conﬁgure lower window INIT2? Causes channel B to make measurement FETC2? Retrieves the lower window’s measurement

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Example 2 - Specifying the Source List Parameter

The CONFigure and READ? commands have three optional parameters, an expected power value, a resolution and a source list. These parameters must be entered in the speciﬁed order. If parameters are omitted, they will default from the right. The parameter DEFault is used as a place holder.

The following examples use the source list parameter to specify the measurement channel as channel A. The expected power and resolution parameters are defaulted, leaving them at their current settings. The measurement is carried out on the upper window.

Although the READ? and FETCh? queries have three optional parameters it is not necessary to deﬁne them as shown in these examples. If they are deﬁned they must be identical to those deﬁned in the CONFigure command otherwise an error occurs.

Note For the HP E4418B it is not necessary to specify a channel as only

one channel is available.

Using READ?

ABOR1 Aborts channel A CONF1 DEF,DEF,(@1) Conﬁgures the upper window to

make a channel A measurement using the current expected power and resolution settings.

READ1? Takes the upper window’s

measurement.

Using INITiate and FETCh?

ABOR1 Aborts channel A CONF1 DEF,DEF,(@1) Conﬁgures the upper window to

make a channel A measurement using the current expected power and resolution settings.

INIT1 Causes channel A to make a

measurement.

FETC1? Retrieves the upper window’s

measurement.

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Example 3 - Specifying the Expected Power Parameter

The previous example details the three optional parameters which can be used with the CONFigure and READ? commands. The ﬁrst optional parameter is used to enter an expected power value. Entering this parameter is only relevant if you are using an HP E-series power sensor. The value entered determines which of the power sensor’s two ranges is used for the measurement. If the current setting of the power sensor’s range is no longer valid for the new measurement, specifying the expected power value decreases the time taken to obtain a result.

The following example uses the expected value parameter to specify a value of -50 dBm. This selects the power meter’s lower range (refer to “Range”, on page 1-47 for details of the range breaks). The resolution parameter is defaulted, leaving it at its current setting. The source list parameter speciﬁes a channel B measurement. The measurement is carried out on the upper window.

Using READ?

ABOR2 Aborts channel B CONF1 -50,DEF,(@2) Conﬁgures the upper window to

make a channel B measurement using an expected power of

-50 dBm and the current resolution setting.

READ1? Takes the upper window’s

measurement.

Some ﬁne tuning of measurements can be carried out using the CONFigure and READ? commands. For example, in the above program segment some ﬁne tuning can be carried out by setting the ﬁlter length to 1024 and the trigger delay off.

ABOR2 CONF1 -50,DEF,(@2) SENS2:AVER:COUN 1024 TRIG2:DEL:AUTO OFF READ1?

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Using INITiate and FETCh?

ABOR2 Aborts channel B CONF1 -50,DEF,(@2) Conﬁgures the upperwindow to

make a channel B measurement using an expected power of

-50 dBm and the current resolution setting.

INIT2 Causes channel B to make a

measurement.

FETC1? Retrieves the upper window’s

measurement.

Some ﬁne tuning of measurements can be carried out using the CONFigure command and INITiate and FETCh? commands. For example, in the above program segment some ﬁne tuning can be carried out by setting the ﬁlter length to 1024 and the trigger delay off.

ABOR2 CONF1 -50,DEF,(@2) SENS2:AVER:COUN 1024 TRIG2:DEL:AUTO OFF INIT2 FETC1?

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Example 4 - Specifying the Resolution Parameter

The following example uses the resolution parameter to specify a resolution setting of 3. This setting represents 3 signiﬁcant digits if the measurement sufﬁx is W or %, and 0.01 dB if the sufﬁx is dB or dBm (for further details on the resolution parameter refer to the commands in Chapter 2, “MEASurement Instructions”). Also, in this example the expected power and source list parameters are defaulted. The expected power value will be left unchanged at its current setting. The source list parameter will be defaulted as described in the note on page 1-18. Note that as the source list parameter is the last speciﬁed parameter you do not have to specify DEF.

Using READ?

ABOR1 Aborts channel A. CONF1 DEF,3 Conﬁgures the upper window to make a

measurement using the current setting of the expected power and source list and a resolution setting of 3.

READ1? Takes the upper window’s measurement. This will be

a channel A or B measurement depending on current window setup

Some ﬁne tuning of the above program segment can be carried out for example, by setting the trigger delay off. The following program segment assumes that channel A is currently being measured on the upper window.

ABOR1 CONF1 DEF,3 TRIG1:DEL:AUTO OFF READ1?

Using INITiate and FETCh?

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Making Measurements

The following program segment assumes that channel A is currently being measured on the upper window.

ABOR1 Aborts channel A. CONF1 DEF,3 Conﬁgures the upper window to

make a measurement using the current setting of the expected power and source list and a resolution setting of 3.

INIT1 Causes channel A to make a

measurement.

FETC1? Retrieves the upper window’s

measurement.

Some ﬁne tuning of the above program segment can be carried out for example, by setting the trigger delay off.

ABOR1 CONF1 DEF,3 TRIG1:DEL:AUTO OFF INIT1:IMM FETC1?

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Example 5 - Making a Difference Measurement

The following program segment can be carried out on the HP E4419B. It queries the lower window to make a difference measurement of channelA-channel B. The expected power level and resolution parameters are defaulted, leaving them at their current settings. Some ﬁne tuning of the measurement is carried out by setting the averaging, and the trigger delay to off.

Using READ?

ABOR1 ABOR2 CONF2:POW:AC:DIFF DEF,DEF,(@1),(@2) SENS1:AVER:COUN 1024 SENS2:AVER:COUN 1024 TRIG1:DEL:AUTO OFF TRIG2:DEL:AUTO OFF READ2:POW:AC:DIFF? READ2:POW:AC:DIFF? DEF,DEF,(@2),(@1)(A second

READ?

query is sent to make a channel B - channel A measurement using fresh measurement data.)

Using INITiate and FETCh?

ABOR1 ABOR2 CONF2:POW:AC:DIFF DEF,DEF,(@1),(@2) SENS1:AVER:COUN 1024 SENS2:AVER:COUN 1024 TRIG1:DEL:AUTO OFF TRIG2:DEL:AUTO OFF INIT1:IMM INIT2:IMM FETC2:POW:AC:DIFF? FETC2:POW:AC:DIFF? DEF,DEF,(@2),(@1) (A second FETCh? query is

sent to make a channel B - channel A measurement using the current measurement data.)

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Making Measurements

Example 6 - Making a Ratio Measurement

The following program segment can be carried out on the HP E4419B. It queries the lower window to make a ratio measurement of channel A/B. The expected power level and resolution parameters are defaulted, leaving them at their current settings. Some ﬁne tuning of the measurement is carried out by setting the averaging.

Using READ?

ABOR1 ABOR2 CONF2:POW:AC:RAT DEF,DEF,(@1),(@2) SENS1:AVER:COUN 512 SENS2:AVER:COUN 256 READ2:POW:AC:RAT? READ2:POW:AC:RAT? DEF,DEF,(@2),(@1) (A second

READ?

query is sent to make a channel B - channel A ratio measurement using fresh measurement data.)

Using INITiate and FETCh?

ABOR1 ABOR2 CONF2:POW:AC:RAT DEF,DEF,(@1),(@2) SENS1:AVER:COUN 512 SENS2:AVER:COUN 256 INIT1:IMM INIT2:IMM FETC2:POW:AC:RAT? FETC2:POW:AC:RAT? DEF,DEF,(@2),(@1) (A second FETCh? query is

sent to make a channel B - channel A measurement using the current measurement data.)

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Making Measurements

Using the Lower Level Commands

An alternative method of making measurements is to use the lower level commands to set up the expected range and resolution. This can be done using the following commands:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:POWER:AC:RANGe DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]]:RESolution

The measurement type can be set using the following commands in the

CALCulate subsystem: CALCulate[1|2]:MATH[:EXPRession]

CALCulate[1|2]:RELative[:MAGNitude]

The advantage of using the lower level commands over the CONFigure command is that they give you more precise control of the power meter. As shown in Table 1-3 on page 1-14 the CONFigure command presets various states in the power meter. It may be likely that you do not want to preset these states.

Example

The following example sets the expected power value to -50 dBm and the resolution setting to 3 using the lower level commands. The measurement is a single channel A measurement carried out on the lower window.

ABOR1 Aborts channel A. CALC2:MATH:EXPR "(SENS1)" Displays channel A on lower

window.

SENS1:POW:AC:RANG 0 Sets lower range (E-series sensors

only).

DISP:WIND2:RES 3 Sets the lower window’s resolution

to setting 3.

INIT1 Causes channel A to make a

measurement.

FETC2? Retrieves the lower window’s

measurement.

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Using Sensor Calibration Tables

This section applies to all HP 8480 series power sensors. It does not apply to the HP E-series power sensors. The HP E-series power sensors have their sensor calibration tables stored in EEPROM which allows frequency and calibration factor data to be downloaded by the power meter automatically.

This section describes how to use sensor calibration tables. Sensor calibration tables are used to store the measurement calibration factors, supplied with each power sensor, in the power meter. These calibration factors are used to correct measurement results.

Overview

For the HP 8480 series power sensors there are two methods of providing correction data to the power meter depending on the setting of the

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1:STATe command. If [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1:STATe is OFF the sensor

calibration tables are not used. To make a calibrated power measurement when [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1:STATe is OFF, perform the following steps:

1. Zero and calibrate the power meter. Before carrying out the calibration set the reference calibration factor for the power meter you are using.

2. Set the calibration factor to the value for the frequency of the signal you want to measure.

3. Make the measurement.

When [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1:STATe is ON, the sensor calibration tables are used, providing you with a quick and convenient method for making power measurements at a range of frequencies using one or more power sensors. Note that with the sensor calibration table selected, the RCF from the table overides any value previously set. The power meter is capable of storing 20 sensor calibration tables of 80 frequency points each.

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Figure 1-1 illustrates how sensor calibration tables operate.

Figure 1-1: Sensor Calibration Tables

TABLE 1

RCF

FREQ

CFAC = Calibration Factor RCF = Reference Calibration Factor

Frequency of the signal you want to measure

CFAC

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

CFAC

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

CFAC

TABLE N

FREQ

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

FREQ

TABLE SELECTED

FREQ

. .

. . . . . . . . .

FREQ

RCF

CFAC

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

CFAC

RCF

CFAC

. .

. . . . . . . . .

CFAC

TABLE 20

RCF

FREQ

CFAC

Reference Calibration Factor used for Power Meter Calibration.

Calibration Factor used to make Measurement. Calculated by the Power Meter using linear interpolation

CFAC

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Using Sensor Calibration Tables

To use sensor calibration tables you:

1. Edit a sensor calibration table if necessary.

2. Select the sensor calibration table.

3. Enable the sensor calibration table.

4. Zero and calibrate the power meter. The reference calibration factor used during the calibration is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table.

5. Specify the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The calibration factor is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table.

6. Make the measurement.

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Using Sensor Calibration Tables

Editing Sensor Calibration Tables

It is not possible to create any additional sensor calibration tables. However, the 20 existing ones can be edited using the MEMory subsystem. To do this:

1. Select one of the existing tables using:

MEMory:TABle:SELect <string>. For information on naming sensor calibration tables see “Naming Sensor Calibration Tables”, on page 1-36. For information on the current names which you can select refer to “Listing the Sensor Calibration Table Names”, on page 1-34.

2. Enter the frequency data using:

MEMory:TABle:FREQuency <numeric_value> {,<numeric_value>}

3. Enter the calibration factors using:

MEMory:TABle:GAIN <numeric_value> {,<numeric_value>}. The ﬁrst parameter you enter should be

the reference calibration factor, each subsequent parameter is a calibration factor in the sensor calibration table. This means that entries in the frequency list correspond as shown with entries in the calibration factor list.

Frequency Calibration Factor

Reference Calibration

Factor

Frequency 1 Calibration Factor 1

Frequency 2 Calibration Factor 2

Frequency n Calibration Factor n

4. If required, rename the sensor calibration table using:

MEMory:TABLe:MOVE <string>,<string>. The ﬁrst <string> parameter identiﬁes the existing table name, and the second identiﬁes the new table name.

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Note The legal frequency sufﬁx multipliers are any of the IEEE sufﬁx

multipliers, for example, KHZ, MHZ and GHZ. If no units are speciﬁed the power meter assumes the data is Hz.

PCT is the only legal unit for calibration factors and can be omitted.

The frequency and calibration data must be within range. Refer to the individual commands in Chapter 4 for their speciﬁed ranges.

The number of calibration factor points must be one more than the number of frequency points. This is veriﬁed when the sensor calibration table is selected using

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1[:SELect] <string>

Ensure that the frequency points you use cover the frequency range of the signals you want to measure. If you measure a signal with a frequency outside the frequency range deﬁned in the sensor calibration table, then the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the sensor calibration table to calculate the calibration factor.

To make subsequent editing of a sensor calibration table simpler, it is recommended that you retain a copy of your data in a program.

Listing the Sensor Calibration Table Names

To list the tables currently stored in the power meter, use the following command:

MEMory:CATalog:TABLe?

Note that all tables are listed; including frequency dependent offset tables.

The power meter returns the data in the form of two numeric parameters and a string list representing all the stored tables.

• <numeric_value>,<numeric_value>{,<string>} The ﬁrst numeric parameter indicates the amount of memory, in bytes, used for storage of tables. The second parameter indicates the memory, in bytes, available for tables.

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Each string parameter returned indicates the name, type and size of a stored sensor calibration table:

• <string>,<type>,<size> The <string>, <type> and <size> are all character data. The <type> is always TABL. The <size> is displayed in bytes.

For example, a sample of the response may look like:

560,8020,“Sensor_1,TABL,220”,”Sensor_2,TABL,340” ....

The power meter is shipped with a set of predeﬁned sensor calibration tables. The data in these sensor calibration tables is based on statistical averages for a range of Hewlett-Packard Power Sensors (see Chapter 2, “Editing Sensor Calibration Tables” in the User’s Guide). These power sensors are:

• DEFAULT

• HP 8481A

• HP 8482A

• HP 8483A

• HP 8481D

• HP 8485A

• R8486A

• Q8486A

• R8486D

• HP 8487A

For further information on naming sensor calibration tables see “Naming Sensor Calibration Tables”, on page 1-36.

1. DEFAULT is a sensor calibration table in which the reference calibration factor and calibration factors are 100%. This sensor calibration table can be used during the performance testing of the power meter.

2. The HP 8482B and HP 8482H power sensors use the same data as the HP 8482A.

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Using Sensor Calibration Tables

Naming Sensor Calibration Tables

To rename a sensor calibration table use:

MEMory:TABLe:MOVE <string>,<string>

The ﬁrst <string> parameter identiﬁes the existing table name, and the second identiﬁes the new table name.

The following rules apply to sensor calibration table names:

a) The sensor calibration table must consist of no more than 12

characters.

b) All characters must be upper or lower case alphabetic characters,

or numeric (0-9), or an underscore (_).

c) No spaces are allowed in the name.

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Reviewing Table Data

To review the data stored in a sensor calibration table, use the following commands:

• MEMory:TABLe:SELect "Sense1"

Select the sensor calibration table named “Sense1”.

• MEMory:TABLe:SELect?

Query command which returns the name of the currently selected table.

• MEMory:TABLe:FREQuency:POINTs?

Query command which returns the number of stored frequency points.

• MEMory:TABLe:FREQuency?

Query command which returns the frequencies stored in the sensor calibration table (in Hz).

• MEMory:TABLe:GAIN[:MAGNitude]:POINTs?

Query command which returns the number of calibration factor points stored in the sensor calibration table.

• MEMory:TABLe:GAIN[:MAGNitude]?

Query command which returns the calibration factors stored in the sensor calibration table. The ﬁrst point returned is the reference calibration factor.

Modifying Data

If you need to modify the frequency and calibration factor data stored in a sensor calibration table you need to resend the complete data lists. There are two ways to do this:

1. If you have retained the original data in a program, edit the program and resend the data.

2. Use the query commands shown in “Reviewing Table Data”, on page 1-37 to enter the data into your computer. Edit this data, then resend it.

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Using Sensor Calibration Tables

Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table

After you have created the sensor calibration table, you can select it using the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1[:SELect] <string>

When the table is selected, the power meter veriﬁes the number of calibration factor points deﬁned in the sensor calibration table is one parameter greater than the number of frequency points. If this is not the case an error occurs.

To ﬁnd out which sensor calibration table is currently selected, use the query:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1[:SELect]?

Enabling the Sensor Calibration Table System

To enable the sensor calibration table, use the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1:STATe ON

If you set [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET1:STATe to ON and no sensor calibration table is selected error -221, “Settings conﬂict” occurs.

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Using Sensor Calibration Tables

Making the Measurement

To make the power measurement, set the power meter for the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The power meter automatically sets the calibration factor. Use either the INITiate,FETCh? or the READ? query to initiate the measurement as shown in the following program segments:

INITiate Example

ABORt1 CONFigure1:POWer:AC DEF,1,(@1) SENS1:CORR:CSET1:SEL "HP8481A" SENS1:CORR:CSET1:STAT ON SENSe1:FREQuency 500KHZ INITiate1:IMMediate FETCh1?

READ? Example

ABORt1 CONFigure1:POWer:AC DEF,2,(@1) SENS1:CORR:CSET1:SEL "HP8481A" SENS1:CORR:CSET1:STAT ON SENSe1:FREQuency 500KHZ READ1?

Note If the measurement frequency does not correspond directly to a

frequency in the sensor calibration table, the power meter calculates the calibration factor using linear interpolation.

If you enter a frequency outside the frequency range deﬁned in the sensor calibration table, then the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the sensor calibration table to set the calibration factor.

To ﬁnd out the value of the calibration factor being used by the power meter to make a measurement, use the query command: [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CFAC? The response may be an interpolated value.

To ﬁnd out the value of the reference calibration factor being used, use the commands:

CALibration[1|2]:RCFactor?

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Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

This section describes how to use frequency dependent offset tables. Frequency dependent offset tables give you the ability to compensate for frequency effects in your test setup.

Overview

If the [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET2:STATe command is OFF, the frequency dependent offset tables are not used. When [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET2:STATe is ON, the frequency

dependent offset tables are used, providing you with a quick and convenient method of compensating for your external test setup over a range of frequencies. Note that when selected, frequency dependent offset correction is IN ADDITION to any correction applied for sensor frequency response. The power meter is capable of storing 10 frequency dependent offset tables of 80 frequency points each.

To use frequency dependent offset tables you:

1. Edit a frequency dependent offset table if necessary.

2. Select the frequency dependent offset table.

3. Enable the frequency dependent offset table.

4. Zero and calibrate the power meter. The reference calibration factor used during the calibration will be automatically set by the power meter from a sensor calibration table, if enabled; otherwise it should be entered manually.

5. Specify the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The required offset is automatically set by the power meter from the frequency dependent offset table.

6. Make the measurement.

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Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Figure 1-2 illustrates how frequency dependent offset tables operate.

Figure 1-2: Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

TABLE 1

FREQ

OFFSET

FREQ

OFFSET 2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

FREQ

OFFSET = Frequency Dependent Offset

Frequency of the signal you want to measure

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

OFFSET

TABLE SELECTED

TABLE N

FREQ

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

FREQ

OFFSET

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

OFFSET

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

OFFSET

. .

. . . . . . . . .

OFFSET

TABLE 10

FREQ

OFFSET

FREQ

Frequency dependent offset used to make Measurement. Calculated by the Power Meter using linear interpolation.

2 . .

. . . . . . . . .

. .

. . . . . . . . .

OFFSET

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Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Editing Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

It is not possible to create any additional frequency dependent offset tables. However, the 10 existing ones can be edited using the MEMory subsystem. To do this:

1. Select one of the existing tables using:

MEMory:TABle:SELect <string>. For information on naming frequency dependent offset tables see “Naming Frequency Dependent Offset Tables”, on page 1-44. For information on the current names which you can select refer to “Listing the Frequency Dependent Offset Table Names”, on page 1-43.

2. Enter the frequency data using:

MEMory:TABle:FREQuency <numeric_value> {,<numeric_value>}

3. Enter the offset factors as shown in the table below using:

MEMory:TABle:GAIN <numeric_value> {,<numeric_value>}.

Frequency Offset

Frequency 1 Offset 1

Frequency 2 Offset 2

Frequency n Offset n

4. If required, rename the frequency dependent offset table using:

MEMory:TABLe:MOVE <string>,<string>. The ﬁrst <string> parameter identiﬁes the existing table name, and the second identiﬁes the new table name.

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Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Note The legal frequency sufﬁx multipliers are any of the IEEE sufﬁx

multipliers, for example, KHZ, MHZ and GHZ. If no units are speciﬁed the power meter assumes the data is Hz.

PCT is the only legal unit for offset factors and can be omitted.

The frequency and offset data must be within range. Refer to the individual commands in Chapter 4 for their speciﬁed ranges.

Any offset values entered into the table should exclude the effect of the sensor. Characterisation of the test setup independently of the sensor allows the same table to be used with any sensor.

Ensure that the frequency points you use cover the frequency range of the signals you want to measure. If you measure a signal with a frequency outside the frequency range deﬁned in the frequency dependent offset table, then the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the table to calculate the offset.

To make subsequent editing of a frequency dependent offset table simpler, it is recommended that you retain a copy of your data in a program.

Listing the Frequency Dependent Offset Table Names

To list the frequency dependent offset tables currently stored in the power meter, use the following command:

MEMory:CATalog:TABLe?

Note that all tables are listed; including sensor calibration tables.

The power meter returns the data in the form of two numeric parameters and a string list representing all stored tables.

• <numeric_value>,<numeric_value>{,<string>}

The ﬁrst numeric parameter indicates the amount of memory, in bytes, used for storage of tables. The second parameter indicates the memory, in bytes, available for tables.

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Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Each string parameter returned indicates the name, type and size of a stored frequency dependent offset table:

• <string>,<type>,<size> The <string>, <type> and <size> are all character data. The <type> is always TABL. The <size> is displayed in bytes.

For example, a sample of the response may look like:

560,8020,“Offset_1,TABL,220”,”Offset_2,TABL,340” ....

Naming Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

To rename a frequency dependent offset table use:

MEMory:TABLe:MOVE <string>,<string>

The ﬁrst <string> parameter identiﬁes the existing table name, and the second identiﬁes the new table name.

The following rules apply to frequency dependent offset table names:

a) Table names use a maximum of 12 characters. b) All characters must be upper or lower case alphabetic characters,

or numeric (0-9), or an underscore (_).

c) No spaces are allowed in the name.

Reviewing Table Data

To review the data stored in a frequency dependent offset table, use the following commands:

• MEMory:TABLe:SELect "Offset1"

Select the sensor calibration table named “Offset1”.

• MEMory:TABLe:SELect?

Query command which returns the name of the currently selected table.

• MEMory:TABLe:FREQuency:POINTs?

Query command which returns the number of stored frequency points.

• MEMory:TABLe:FREQuency?

Query command which returns the frequencies stored in the frequency dependent offset table (in Hz).

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Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

• MEMory:TABLe:GAIN[:MAGNitude]:POINTs?

Query command which returns the number of offset factor points stored in the frequency dependent offset table.

• MEMory:TABLe:GAIN[:MAGNitude]?

Query command which returns the offset factors stored in the frequency dependent offset table.

Modifying Data

If you need to modify the frequency and offset factor data stored in a frequency dependent offset table you need to resend the complete data lists. There are two ways to do this:

1. If you have retained the original data in a program, edit the program and resend the data.

2. Use the query commands shown in “Reviewing Table Data”, on page 1-37 to enter the data into your computer. Edit this data, then resend it.

Selecting a Frequency Dependent Offset Table

After you have created the frequency dependent offset table, you can select it using the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET2[:SELect] <string>

To ﬁnd out which frequency dependent offset table is currently selected, use the query:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET2[:SELect]?

Enabling the Frequency Dependent Offset Table System

To enable the frequency dependent offset table, use the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET2:STATe ON

If you set [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:CSET2:STATe to ON and no frequency dependent offset table is selected error -221, “Settings conﬂict” occurs.

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Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Making the Measurement

INITiate Example

ABORt1 CONFigure1:POWer:AC DEF,1,(@1) SENS1:CORR:CSET2:SEL "Offset1" SENS1:CORR:CSET2:STAT ON SENSe1:FREQuency 500KHZ INITiate1:IMMediate FETCh1?

READ? Example

ABORt1 CONFigure1:POWer:AC DEF,2,(@1) SENS1:CORR:CSET2:SEL "Offset1" SENS1:CORR:CSET2:STAT ON SENSe1:FREQuency 500KHZ READ1?

Note If the measurement frequency does not correspond directly to a

frequency in the frequency dependent offset table, the power meter calculates the offset using linear interpolation.

If you enter a frequency outside the frequency range deﬁned in the frequency dependent offset table, then the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the table to set the offset.

To ﬁnd out the value of the offset being used by the power meter to make a measurement, use the query command:

SENSe:CORRection:GAIN4|FDOFfset[:INPut][MAGNITUDE]?

The response may be an interpolated value.

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Setting the Range, Resolution and Averaging

This section provides an overview of setting the range, resolution and averaging. For more detailed information about these features refer to the individual commands in Chapter 9.

Range

The power meter has no internal ranges which can be set. The only ranges that can be set are those of the HP E-series power sensors. With an HP E-series power sensor the range can be set either automatically or manually. Use autoranging when you are not sure of the power level you will be measuring.

Setting the Range

To set the range manually use the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:POWer:AC:RANGe <numeric_value>

If the <numeric_value> is set to:

• 0, the sensor’s lower range is selected. (For example, this range is

-70 to -13.5 dBm for the HP ECP-18A power sensor.)

• 1, the sensor’s upper range is selected. (For example, this range is

-14.5 to +20 dBm for the HP ECP-18A power sensor.)

For details on the range limits of other HP E-series power sensors refer to the appropriate power sensor manual.

For further information on this command refer to page 9-51.

To enable autoranging use the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:POWer:AC:RANGe:AUTO ON

Use autoranging when you are not sure of the power level you will be measuring.

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Setting the Range, Resolution and Averaging

Resolution

You can set the window’s resolution using the following command:

DISPlay[:WINDow[1|2]]:RESolution <numeric_value>

There are four levels of resolution available (1 through 4).

When the measurement sufﬁx is W or % this parameter represents the number of signiﬁcant digits. When the measurement sufﬁx is dB or dBM, 1 through 4 represents 1, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 dB respectively.

For further information refer to the resolution command on page 5-14.

Averaging

The power meter has a digital ﬁlter to average power readings. The number of readings averaged can range from 1 to 1024. This ﬁlter is used to reduce noise, obtain the desired resolution and to reduce the jitter in the measurement results. However, the time to take the measurement is increased. You can select the ﬁlter length or you can set the power meter to auto ﬁlter mode. To enable and disable averaging use the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage[:STATe] <Boolean>

Note If you are using the HP 437B remote programming language you

cannot enter a ﬁlter length above 512.

Auto Averaging Mode

To enable and disable auto ﬁlter mode, use the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO <Boolean>

When the auto ﬁlter mode is enabled, the power meter automatically sets the number of readings averaged together to satisfy the ﬁltering requirements for most power measurements. The number of readings averaged together depends on the resolution and the power level currently being measured. Figure 1-3 lists the number of readings averaged for each range and resolution when the power meter is in auto ﬁlter mode.

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Setting the Range, Resolution and Averaging

Figure 1-3: Averaged Readings

Minimum Sensor Power

10 dB

Power Sensor

10 dB

Dynamic Range

1234

8 8 128 128

1 1 16 256

11232

11116

1118

Maximum Sensor Power

Figure 1-4 illustrates part of the power sensor dynamic range hysteresis.

Figure 1-4: Averaging Range Hysteresis

Range Hysteresis

Resolution Setting

Number of Averages

10.5 dB9.5 dB

Minimum Sensor Power Minimum Sensor Power + 10 dB

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Setting the Range, Resolution and Averaging

Filter Length

You specify the ﬁlter length using the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:AVERage:COUNt <numeric_value>

The range of values for the ﬁlter length is 1 to 1024. Specifying this command disables automatic ﬁlter length selection. Increasing the value of the ﬁlter length reduces measurement noise. However, the time to take the measurement is increased.

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Setting Offsets

Channel Offsets

The power meter can be conﬁgured to compensate for signal loss or gain in your test setup (for example, to compensate for the loss of a 10 dB attenuator). You use the SENSe command subsystem to conﬁgure the power meter. Gain and loss correction are a coupled system. This means that a gain set by [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:GAIN2 is represented in the [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:LOSS2? command. If you enter an offset value the state is automatically enabled. However it can be enabled and disabled using either the

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:GAIN2:STATe or [SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:LOSS2:STATe commands.

LOSS2 is coupled to GAIN2 by the equation when the default

Loss

-------------=

Gain

unit is linear, and when the default is logarithmic.

Note You can only use LOSS2 and GAIN2 for external losses and gains.

LOSS1 and GAIN1 are speciﬁcally for calibration factors.

Gain Loss–=

Display Offsets

Display offset values can be entered using the

CALCulate[1|2]:GAIN[:MAGNitude] command. CALCulate[1|2]:GAIN:STATe must be set to ON to enable the offset

value. If you enter an offset value the state is automatically enabled. On the HP E4419B this offset is applied after any math calculations (refer to Figure 1-9 on page 1-70).

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Setting Offsets

Example

The following example program, in HP Basic, details how to use the channel and display offsets on an HP E4419B making a channel A/B ratio measurement. The ﬁnal result will be:



-------------------------- -



dBm dBm

10–

20–

10–

10 !Create I/O path name 20 ASSIGN @POWER TO 713 30 !Clear the power meter’s interface 40 CLEAR @POWER 50 !Set the power meter to a known state 60 OUTPUT @POWER;"*RST" 70 !Configure the Power Meter to make the measurement 80 OUTPUT @Power;"CONF:POW:AC:RAT 20DBM,2,(@1),(@2)" 90 !Set the measurement units to dBm 100 OUTPUT @POWER;"UNIT:POW DBM" 110 !Set the power meter for channel offsets of -10 dB 120 OUTPUT @POWER;"SENS1:CORR:GAIN2 -10" 130 OUTPUT @POWER;"SENS2:CORR:GAIN2 -10" 140 !Enable the gain correction 150 OUTPUT @POWER;"SENS:CORR:GAIN2:STATe ON" 160 OUTPUT @POWER;"SENS2:CORR:GAIN2:STATe ON" 170 !Set the power meter for a display offset of -20 dB 180 OUTPUT @POWER;"CALC1:GAIN -20 DB" 190 PRINT "MAKING THE MEASUREMENT" 200 !Initiate the measurement 210 OUTPUT @Power;"INIT1:IMM" 220 OUTPUT @Power;"INIT2:IMM" 230 ! ... and get the result 240 OUTPUT @Power;"FETC:POW:AC:RAT? 20DBM,2,(@1),(@2)" 250 ENTER @Power;Reading 260 ! 270 PRINT "The measurement result is ";Reading;"dB." 280 END

For further information on channel offsets refer to page 9-25 through page 9-35. For further information on display offsets refer to page 3-4.

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Setting Measurement Limits

You can conﬁgure the power meter to detect when a measurement is outwith a predeﬁned upper and/or lower limit value.

There are two types of measurement limits you can set:

• Channel Limits - are applied to the input channel and are for power measurements only.

• Window Limits - are windows based (upper and lower) and can be applied to power, ratio or difference measurements. In addition, the window based limits can be set to output a TTL logic level at the rear panel Rmt I/O port when the predeﬁned limits are exceeded.

Note Only one set of limits can be on at a time, that is, Channel OR

Window.

Setting Channel Limits

The power meter can be conﬁgured to verify the power being measured against an upper and/or lower limit value. The range of values that can be set for lower and upper limits is -150.00 dBm to +230.00 dBm. The default upper limit is +90.00 dBm and the default lower limit is -90.00 dBm.

A typical application for this feature is shown in Figure 1-5.

Figure 1-5: Limits Checking Application

Power Meter

Swept Source

Device Under Test

OUT

CHANNEL A INPUT

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Setting Measurement Limits

Figure 1-6: Limits Checking Results

Amplitude

+10 dBm

Fail o

+4 dBm

o Fail

Frequency

In this application a swept frequency signal is applied to the input of the Device Under Test. The power meter measures the output power. The limits have been set at +4 dBm and +10 dBm. A fail occurs each time the output power is outside these limits. Use the SENSe subsystem to conﬁgure the power meter for limits checking. The following example program, in HP Basic, shows how to set the limits to +4 dBm and +10 dBm.

10 !Create I/O path name 20 ASSIGN @Power to 713 30 !Clear the Power Meter’s Interface 40 CLEAR @Power 50 !Set the Power Meter to a known state 60 OUTPUT @Power;“*RST” 70 !Set the measurement units to dBm 80 OUTPUT @Power;“UNIT:POWer DBM” 90 !Set the upper limit to 10 dBm 100 OUTPUT @Power;“SENSe:LIMit:UPPer 10” 110 !Set the lower limit to 4 dBm 120 OUTPUT @Power;“SENSe:LIMit:LOWer 4” 130 !Switch the limit checking on 140 OUTPUT @Power;“SENSe:LIMit:STATe ON” 150 !Check the limits 160 OUTPUT @Power;“SENSe:LIMit:UPPer?” 170 ENTER @Power;A 180 OUTPUT @Power;“SENSe:LIMit:LOWer?”

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Setting Measurement Limits

190 ENTER @Power;B 200 PRINT A,B 210 END

Setting Window Limits

The power meter can be conﬁgured to verify the current measurement in either window against predeﬁned upper and/or lower limit values. The range of values that can be set for the upper and lower limits and the default values depends on the measurement units in the currently selected window - see Table 1-4.

Table 1-4: Range of Values for Window Limits

Window

Units

dB +200 dB -180 dB 60 dB -120 dB

dBm +230 dBm -150 dBm 90 dBm -90 dBm

% 999.9 X% 100.0 a% 100.0 M% 100.0 p%

W 100.000 XW 1.000 aW 1.000 MW 1.000 pW

The window based limits can also be set to output a TTL logic level at the rear panel Rmt I/O port when the predeﬁned limits are exceeded. You can switch the rear panel TTL outputs on or off; set the TTL output level to active high or low; and determine whether the TTL output represents an over limit condition, under limit condition or both. Refer to Chapter 8 “OUTput Subsystem” for TTL output programming commands and to the HP E4418B/E4419B User’s Guide for connector and pin-out information.

Use the programming example for channel limits (page 1-54) as a guide to programming window limits.

Max Min

Default

Max Min

Checking for Limit Failures

There are two ways to check for limit failures:

1. Use the SENSe:LIMit:FAIL? and SENSe:LIMit:FCOunt? commands for channel limits or the

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Setting Measurement Limits

CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit:FAIL? and the CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit:FCOunt? for window limits.

2. Use the STATus command subsystem.

Using SENSe and CALCulate

Using SENSe to check the channel limit failures in Figure 1-6 would return the following results:

SENSe:LIMit:FAIL? Returns 1 if there has been 1 or

more limit failures or 0 if there have been no limit failures. In this case 1 is returned.

SENSe:LIMit:FCOunt? Returns the total number of

limit failures, in this case 2.

Use the equivalent CALCulate commands for checking window limit failures.

Note If TRIGger:DELay:AUTO is set to ON, then the number of failures

returned by SENSe:LIMit:FCOunt? or CALCulate[1|2]:LIMit:FCOunt?will be affected by the current ﬁlter settings.

Refer to page 9-43, page 9-44, page 3-12 and page 3-13 for further information on using these commands.

Using STATus

You can use the STATus subsystem to generate an SRQ to interrupt your program when a limit failure occurs. This is a more efﬁcient method than using SENSe or CALCulate , since you do not need to check the limit failures after every power measurement.

Refer to “Status Reporting”, on page 1-71 and “STATus Subsystem”, on page 10-1 for further information.

Conﬁguring the TTL Outputs

The TTL Outputs on the rear panel Rmt I/O port can be used to determine when a predeﬁned limit in either, or both, windows has been exceeded.

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Setting Measurement Limits

Example

The following program segment shows how to use TTL output 1 to indicate when a measurement is outside the range -30 dBm to -10 dBm. It is assumed that the measurement has already been set up in the upper window (window 1).

CALC1:LIM:LOW -30 Sets the lower limit for the upper

window to -30 dBm.

CALC1:LIM:UPP -10 Sets the upper limit for the

upper window to -10 dBm.

CALC1:LIM:STAT ON Turns the limits on. OUTP:TTL1:FEED

“CALC1:LIM:LOW,CALC1:LIM:UPP”

OUTP:TTL1:ACT HIGH Speciﬁes that TTL output 1

OUTP:TTL1:STAT ON Activates TTL output 1

Speciﬁes that TTL output 1 should be asserted when the upper or lower limit fails on the upper window.

should be active-high.

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Measuring Pulsed Signals

The power meter can be used to measure the power of a pulsed signal. The measurement result is a mathematical representation of the pulse power rather than an actual measurement. The power meter measures the average power of the pulsed input signal and then divides the measurement result by the duty cycle value to obtain the pulse power reading. The allowable range of values is 0.001% to 99.999%. The default is 1.000%. A duty cycle value can be set using the following command:

[SENSe[1]]|SENSe2:CORRection:DCYCle|GAIN3 <numeric_value>

Note Pulse measurements are not recommended using HP ECP series

power sensors.

Making the Measurement

An example of a pulsed signal is shown in Figure 1-7.

Figure 1-7: Pulsed Signal

Power

Duty Cycle = A

Duty Cycle (%) = A x 100

Time

You use the SENSe command subsystem to conﬁgure the power meter to measure a pulsed signal. The following example program, in HP Basic, shows how to measure the signal for the HP 8480 series power sensors.

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Measuring Pulsed Signals

10 !Create I/O path name 20 ASSIGN @Power TO 713

30 !Clear the Power Meter’s Interface 40 CLEAR @Power 50 !Set the Power Meter to a known state 60 OUTPUT @Power;"*RST" 70 !Configure the Power Meter to make the measurement 80 OUTPUT @Power;"CONF:POW:AC 20DBM,2,(@1)" 90 !Set the reference calibration factor for the sensor 100 OUTPUT @Power;"CAL:RCF 98.7PCT" 110 !Zero and calibrate the power meter 120 OUTPUT @Power;"CAL?" 130 PRINT "ZEROING AND CALIBRATING THE POWER METER" 140 !Verify the outcome 150 ENTER @Power;Success 160 IF Success=0 THEN 170 !Calibration cycle was successful 180 !

190 !Set the measurement units to Watts 200 OUTPUT @Power;"UNIT:POW WATT" 210 ! 220 !Set the measurement calibration factor for the

sensor 230 OUTPUT @Power;"SENS:CORR:CFAC 97.5PCT" 240 !Set the power meter for a duty cycle of 16PCT 250 OUTPUT @Power;"SENS1:CORR:DCYC 16PCT" 260 ! 270 !Enable the duty cycle correction 280 OUTPUT @Power;"SENS:CORR:DCYC:STAT ON 290 PRINT "MAKING THE MEASUREMENT"

300 !Initiate the measurement 310 OUTPUT @Power;"INIT1:IMM"

320 !... and get the result 330 OUTPUT @Power;"FETC?"

340 ENTER @Power;Reading 350 ! 360 PRINT "The result is ";Reading*1000;"mW" 370 ! 380 ELSE 390 PRINT "THERE WAS A CALIBRATION ERROR!" 400 END IF 410 PRINT "PROGRAM COMPLETED" 420 END

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Measuring Pulsed Signals

Note Pulse power averages out any aberrations in the pulse such as

overshooting or ringing. For this reason it is called pulse power and not peak power or peak pulse power.

In order to ensure accurate pulse power readings, the input signal must be pulsed with a rectangular pulse. Other pulse shapes (such as triangle, chirp or Gaussian) will cause erroneous results.

The pulse power on/off ratio must be much greater than the duty cycle ratio.

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Triggering the Power Meter

Triggering is a feature that is only available via remote programming of the power meter.

The power meter has two modes of operation, standby mode and free run mode. During local operation the power meter is always in free run mode. During remote operation the power meter can operate in either free run mode or standby mode and can be switched between modes at any time.

a) Standby mode means the power meter is making measurements,

but the display and remote interface are not updated until a trigger command is received. In this mode the power meter is either waiting to be initiated, or waiting for a trigger (See “Trigger System” on page 63.).

b) Free run mode is the preset mode of operation and is identical to

local operation. The measurement result data available to the remote interface is continuously updated as rapidly as the power meter makes measurements. Entry into local mode via sets the power meter to free run mode In this mode INITiate:CONTinuous is set to ON and TRIGger:SOURce is set to IMMediate.

Preset Local

To obtain accurate measurements, ensure that the input power to the power sensor is settled before making a measurement.

The trigger conﬁguration is automatically set by the MEASure? command. If you want to use the lower level commands (READ? or INITiate), you need to understand the power meter’s trigger model.

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Triggering the Power Meter

Triggering the power meter from the remote interface is a process that offers triggering ﬂexibility. The process is:

1. Specify the source from which the power meter will accept the trigger. The trigger source speciﬁes which event causes the trigger system to travel through the event detection state. See “Event Detection State”, on page 1-64 for details.

2. Make sure that the power meter is ready to accept a trigger. This is called the “wait-for-trigger” state. Sending a device clear, a *RST or an ABORt forces the trigger system into the idle state. The trigger system remains in the idle state until it is moved into the “wait-for-trigger” state by executing an INITiate command.

The “wait-for-trigger” state is a term used only for remote interface operation.

The TRIGger commands are used to synchronize power meter actions with speciﬁed events. Figure 1-8 summarizes the power meter’s trigger system.

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Triggering the Power Meter

Figure 1-8: Trigger System

TRIG:SOUR IMM TRIG:SOUR BUS TRIG:SOUR HOLD

SEQUENCE

OPERATION

STATE

IDLE

STATE

TRIG:SOURce

:ABORt

*RST

Idle State

INIT[:IMM]

INIT:CONT ON

YES

Wait - for - trigger

TRIG:DEL

Wait

TRIGGERED

Power Meter Measurement Actions

state

YES

INIT:CONT ON

TRIG:IMMediate

INITIATE

STATE

EVENT

DETECTION

STATE

Idle State

Turning power on, sending an HP-IB CLEAR, sending a *RST or an :ABORt forces the trigger system into the idle state. The trigger system remains in the IDLE state until it is initiated by INITiate:CONTinuous ON or INITiate:IMMediate. Once one of these conditions is satisﬁed the trigger system moves to the initiate state.

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Triggering the Power Meter

Initiate State

If the trigger system is on the downward path, it travels directly through the initiate state without any restrictions. If the trigger system is on the upward path, and INIT iate:CONTinuous is ON, it exits downwards to the event detection state. If the trigger system is on the upward path and INITiate:CONTinuous is OFF, it exits upwards to the idle state.

Event Detection State

The trigger source speciﬁes which event causes the trigger system to travel through the event detection state. The trigger source is set with the following command:

TRIGger:SOURce

There are three possible trigger sources.

• BUS The trigger source is the HP-IB group execute trigger (<GET>), a *TRG command, or the TRIGger:IMMediate command.

• HOLD Triggering is suspended. The only way to trigger the power meter is to send TRIGger:IMMediate.

• IMMediate The power meter does not wait for any event and immediately travels through the event detection state.

Querying the Trigger Source

The trigger source is queried with the following command:

TRIGger:SOURce

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Triggering the Power Meter

Trigger Delay

The power meter has the ability to insert a delay between receiving a trigger and making the measurement. The delay is automatically calculated by the power meter and depends on the current ﬁlter length. The delay ensures that the analog circuitry and the digital ﬁlters in the power meter have settled. It does not allow time for power sensor delay.

To enable the delay, use the following command:

TRIGger:DELay:AUTO ON

To disable the delay, use the following command:

TRIGger:DELay:AUTO OFF

Note MEASure? and CONFigure automatically enable the delay.

Also, when the power meter is ﬁrst powered on the delay is enabled. For the fastest possible measurements the delay should be disabled.

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Getting the Best Speed Performance

This section discusses the factors that inﬂuence the speed of operation (number of readings/sec) of an HP E4418B/E4419B power meter.

The following factors are those which have the greatest effect upon measurement speed (in no particular order):

• The selected speed i.e. 20, 40 or 200 readings/sec.

• The trigger mode (for example, free run, trigger with delay etc.).

• The output format i.e. ASCii or REAL.

• The units used for the measurement.

• The command used to take a measurement.

In addition, in 200 reading/sec mode there are other inﬂuences which are described in “200 Readings/Sec”, on page 1-68.

The following paragraphs give a brief description of the above factors and how they are controlled from SCPI.

Speed

There are three possible speed settings 20, 40 and 200 readings/sec. These are set using the SENSe:SPEed command and can be applied to each channel independently (HP E4419B only). The speed setting controls the cycle time of the measurement i.e., 50ms, 25ms and 5ms respectively.

In 20 and 40 readings/sec mode, full instrument functionality is available; 200 readings/sec is available only for E-series sensors and averaging, offsets, limits, and ratio/difference math functions are disabled.

Refer to “Speciﬁcations” in chapter 5 of the User’s Guide to see the inﬂuence of these speed settings on the accuracy and noise performance of the power meter.

Trigger Mode

The power meter has a very ﬂexible triggering system. For simplicity, it can be described as having three modes:

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Free run

A channel is in free run whenINITiate:CONTinuous is set to ON and TRIGger:SOURce is set to IMMediate.

Trigger immediate

There are a variety of methods to achieve this:

TRIG:DEL:AUTO OFF INIT:CONT OFF TRIG:SOUR IMM INIT

TRIG:SOUR BUS INIT:CONT ON TRIG

TRIG:DEL:AUTO OFF TRIG:SOUR BUS INIT:CONT ON GET or *TRG

TRIG:DEL:AUTO OFF INIT:CONT OFF TRIG:SOUR IMM READ?

Trigger with delay

This can be achieved using the same sequences above (apart from the second) with TRIG:DEL:AUTO set to ON. Also, the MEAS? command operates in trigger with delay mode.

In trigger with delay mode, a measurement is not completed until the power meter ﬁlter is full. In this way, the reading returned is guaranteed to be settled. In all other modes, the result returned is simply the current result from the ﬁlter and may or may not be settled. This depends on the current length of the ﬁlter and the number of readings that have been taken since a change in power level.

With trigger with delay enabled, the measurement speed can be calculated roughly using the following equation:

readings/sec = speed (as set by SENSe:SPEed) / ﬁlter length

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Getting the Best Speed Performance

For example, with a ﬁlter length of 4 and SENS:SPE set to 20, approximately 5 readings/sec will be calculated by the power meter.

In general, free run mode will provide the best speed performance from the power meter (especially in 200 readings/sec mode).

Output Format

The power meter has two output formats for measurement results: ASCii and REAL. These formats can be selected using the FORMat command. When FORMat is set to REAL, the result returned is in IEEE 754 ﬂoating-point format (note that the byte order can be changed using FORMat:BORDer).

The REAL format is likely to be required only for 200 readings/sec mode as a means to reduce bus trafﬁc.

Units

The power meter can output results in either linear or log units. The internal units are linear and therefore optimal performance will be acheived when the results output are also in linear units (since the overhead of performing a log function is removed).

Command Used

In free run trigger mode, FETC? must be used to retrieve a result.

In other trigger modes, there are a number of commands which can be used, for example, MEAS?, READ?, FETC? Note that the MEAS? and READ? commands are compound commands i.e., they perform a combination of other lower level commands. In general, the best speed performance will be achieved using the low level commands directly.

200 Readings/Sec

In the highest speed setting, the limiting factor tends to be the speed of the controller being used to retrieve results from the power meter and to a certain extent the volume of HP-IB trafﬁc. The latter can be reduced using the FORMat REAL command to return results in binary format. The former is a combination of two factors:

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Getting the Best Speed Performance

• the hardware platform being used.

• the programming environment being used.

Note that it is unlikely that 200 readings/sec can be achieved when:

• you are using a 700 series HPUX workstation.

• you are using a low end PC.

• you are using a graphical programming environment (such as HP VEE).

Dual Channel Considerations

With the dual channel instrument, consideration must be taken of what operation is required on both channels. Both channels can achieve 20 readings/sec simultaneously, and 40 readings/sec simultaneously, but 200 readings/sec is not achievable on both channels at the same time. If only single channel measurements are required, then the other channel should be set to standby mode and not triggered.

The throughput for a channel set in the 200 readings/sec mode will be affected by the speed mode of the other channel. However, in a situation where fast measurements are required on one channel and slow measurements on the other, it will be possible to perform more than one measurement cycle on the fast channel for every measurement on the slow channel. For example, if channel A is set to 40 readings /sec and channel B is set to 20 readings/sec, it is possible to construct a loop with 2 reads from channel A and one from channel B and still achieve the set readings per second.

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How Measurements are Calculated

Figure 1-9 details how measurements are calculated. It shows the order in which the various power meter functions are implemented in the measurement calculation.

Figure 1-9: How Measurements are Calculated

Upper Measurement Window

CALCulate1

Sensor A

:AVER1

Sensor A

:GAIN1

:GAIN2

:LIMit

:GAIN3

SENSe1

:MATH

“A” | “B”

“A-B” | “B-A”

“A/B” | “B/A”

:GAIN

:REL

UNIT1:POW

UNIT1:POW:RAT

MEAS1:POW:AC?

MEAS1:POW:AC:DIFF?

MEAS1:POW:AC:REL?

MEAS1:POW:AC:DIFF:REL?

MEAS1:POW:AC:RAT:REL?

MEAS1:POW:AC:RAT?

HPIB

FORMat

MEAS2:POW:AC:RAT?

MEAS2:POW:AC:RAT:REL?

MEAS2:POW:AC:DIFF:REL?

MEAS2:POW:AC:REL?

MEAS2:POW:AC:DIFF?

MEAS2:POW:AC?

:AVER1 :GAIN1 :GAIN3:GAIN2

SENSe2

Sensor B

:LIMit

Upper Measurement Window

“A/B” | “B/A” “A-B” | “B-A”

“A” | “B”

:MATH

CALCulate2

:GAIN

Lower Measurement Window

:REL

UNIT2:POW:RAT

UNIT2:POW

The MEASure commands in this ﬁgure can be replaced with the FETCh? and READ? commands.

Note All references to channel B in the above diagram refer to the

HP E4419B only. The MEAS[1|2]:POW:AC? and MEAS[1|2]:POW:AC:REL? are the only commands relevant to the HP E4418B.

HP-I

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Status Reporting

Status reporting is used to monitor the power meter to determine when events have occurred. Status reporting is accomplished by conﬁguring and reading status registers. The power meter has the following main registers:

• Status Register

• Standard Event Register

• Operation Status Register

• Questionable Status Register

• Device Status Register

There are a number of other registers “behind” these. These are described later.

The Status and Standard Event registers are read using the IEEE-488.2 common commands. These are the most commonly used registers and are described in detail in this section.

The Operation and Questionable Status registers are read using the SCPI STATus command subsystem.

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Status Reporting

The General Status Register Model

The generalized status register model shown in Figure 1-10 is the building block of the SCPI status system. This model consists of a condition register, a transition ﬁlter, an event register and an enable register. A set of these registers is called a status group.

Figure 1-10: Generalized Status Register Model

Condition

Bit 0 Bit 1

1 2

Bit 2 Bit 3

When a status group is implemented in an instrument, it always contains all of the component registers. However, there is not always a corresponding command to read or write to every register.

Transition

Filter

Event

Enable

Logical OR

Summary

Bit

Condition Register

The condition register continuously monitors the hardware and ﬁrmware status of the power meter. There is no latching or buffering for this register, it is updated in real time. Condition registers are read-only.

Transition Filter

The transition ﬁlter speciﬁes which types of bit state changes in the condition registers will set corresponding bits in the event register. Transition ﬁlter bits may be set for positive transitions (PTR), negative transitions (NTR), or both. Transition ﬁlters are read-write. They are unaffected by *CLS or queries. After STATus:PRESet the NTR register is set to 0 and all bits of the PTR are set to 1.

Event Register

The event register latches transition events from the condition register as speciﬁed by the transition ﬁlter. Bits in the event register are latched and once set they remain set until cleared by a query or a *CLS. Once set, an event bit is no longer affected by condition changes. It remains set until the event register is cleared; either when you read the register or when you send the *CLS (clear status) command. Event registers are read-only.

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Status Reporting

Enable Register

The enable register speciﬁes the bits in the event register that can generate a summary bit. The instrument logically ANDs corresponding bits in the event and enable registers and ORs all the resulting bits to obtain a summary bit. Enable registers are read-write. Querying an enable register does not affect it.

An Example Sequence

Figure 1-11 illustrates the response of a single bit position in a typical status group for various settings. The changing state of the condition in question is shown at the bottom of the ﬁgure. A small binary table shows the state of the chosen bit in each status register at the selected times T1 to T5.

Figure 1-11: Typical Status Register Bit Changes

Case A

Case B

Case C

Case D

PTR

00 01

Condition

Summary Bit

Condition

Enable

NTR

0000

000

110

000

011

1 0

***

Summary Bit

Condition

Event

T1 T2 T3

Event

marks when event register is read

1 1

0 11

011

Condition

Event

0 0 0

Summary Bit

Condition

Event

0 1

0 01

Summary Bit

Condition

00 0 0

Event

00 0

0 0

Summary Bit

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Status Reporting

How to Use Registers

There are two methods you can use to access the information in status groups:

• the polling method, or

• the service request (SRQ) method.

Use the polling method when:

• your language/development environment does not support SRQ interrupts.

• you want to write a simple, single purpose program and do not want to add the complexity of setting an SRQ handler.

Use the SRQ method when you:

• need time critical notiﬁcation of changes.

• are monitoring more than one device which supports SRQ interrupts.

• need to have the controller do something else while it’s waiting.

• cannot afford the performance penalty inherent to polling.

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Status Reporting

The Condition Polling Method

In this polling method, the power meter has a passive role. It only informs the controller that conditions have changed when the controller asks. When you monitor a condition with the polling method, you must:

1. Determine which register contains the bit that monitors the condition.

2. Send the unique HP-IB query that reads that register.

3. Examine the bit to see if the condition has changed.

The polling method works well if you do not need to know about the changes the moment they occur. The SRQ method is more effective if you must know immediately when a condition changes. Detecting an immediate change in a condition using the polling method requires your program to continuously read the registers at very short intervals. This is not particularly efﬁcient and there is a possibility that an event may be missed.

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Status Reporting

The SRQ Method

When a bit of the Status Register is set and has been enabled to assert SRQ (*SRE command), the power meter sets the HP-IB SRQ line true. This interrupt can be used to interrupt your program to suspend its current operation and ﬁnd out what service the power meter requires. (Refer to your computer and language manuals for information on how to program the computer to respond to the interrupt).

To allow any of the Status Register bits to set the SRQ line true, you have to enable the appropriate bit(s) with the *SRE command. For example, suppose your application requires an interrupt whenever a message is available in the output queue (Status Register bit 4, decimal weight 16). To enable bit 4 to assert SRQ, you use the following command:

*SRE 16

Note You can determine which bits are enabled in the Status Register

using *SRE?. This command returns the decimal weighted sum of all the bits.

Procedure

• Send a bus device clear message.

• Clear the event registers with the *CLS (clear status) command.

• Set the *ESE (standard event register) and *SRE (status byte

• Enable your bus controller’s IEEE-488 SRQ interrupt.

Examples

The following two examples are written in HP BASIC and illustrate possible uses for SRQ. In both cases , it is assumed that the meter has been zeroed and calibrated.

Example 1:

10 ! Program to generate an SRQ when a channel A sensor 20 ! connect or disconnect occurs 30 ! 40 ASSIGN @Pm TO 713 ! Power meter HPIB address 50 ON ON INTR 7 GOTO Srq_i! Define service request handler 60 CLEAR @Pm ! Selective device clear 70 OUTPUT @Pm;”*CLS;*RST” ! Clear registers and reset meter 80 !

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HP E4418B, E4419B Programming Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Legal Information

Notice

Warranty

Limitation of Warranty

Exclusive Remedies

Equipment Operation

Personal Safety Considerations

General Safety Considerations

Markings

IEC 1010-1 Compliance

Statement of Compliance

User Environment

Installation Instructions

About this Guide

List of Related Publications

Power Meter Remote Operation

Introduction

Configuring the Remote Interface

Interface Selection

HP-IB Address

Programming Language Selection

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Zeroing

Calibration

Setting the Reference Calibration Factor

Making Measurements

Table 1-3: MEASure? and CONFigure Preset States

Using MEASure?

Using the CONFigure Command

Using the Lower Level Commands

Using Sensor Calibration Tables

Overview

Figure 1-1: Sensor Calibration Tables

Editing Sensor Calibration Tables

Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table

Enabling the Sensor Calibration Table System

Making the Measurement

Using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Overview

Figure 1-2: Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Editing Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Selecting a Frequency Dependent Offset Table

Making the Measurement

Setting the Range, Resolution and Averaging

Range

Resolution

Averaging

Figure 1-3: Averaged Readings

Figure 1-4: Averaging Range Hysteresis

Setting Offsets

Channel Offsets

Display Offsets

Example

Setting Measurement Limits

Figure 1-5: Limits Checking Application

Figure 1-6: Limits Checking Results

Setting Window Limits

Table 1-4: Range of Values for Window Limits

Checking for Limit Failures

Example

Measuring Pulsed Signals

Making the Measurement

Figure 1-7: Pulsed Signal

Triggering the Power Meter

Figure 1-8: Trigger System

Idle State

Initiate State

Event Detection State

Trigger Delay

Getting the Best Speed Performance

Speed

Trigger Mode

Output Format

Units

Command Used

200 Readings/Sec