HP 3Gb SAS User Manual

HP 3G Virtual SAS Manager User Guide

Abstract

This guide provides information about using the HP Virtual SAS Manager (VSM) application to configure and manage device zoning through HP SAS BL Switches. The VSM Graphical User Interface (GUI) and VSM Command Line Interface (CLI) are detailed.

HP Part Number: 516649-003 Published: February 2011 Edition: Third

Confidential computer software. Valid license from HP required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.

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Revision History

February 2011Revision # 3

Clarified zoning requirements and expanded firmware updating methods

I Basic information and concepts.....................................................................5

II VSM GUI.................................................................................................10

1 Getting started.....................................................................................12

Accessing the VSM GUI.....................................................................................................12

Page description................................................................................................................14

System status information....................................................................................................15

Online help.......................................................................................................................16

Performing tasks.................................................................................................................16

Configuring the switch (key steps).........................................................................................17

2 Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures................................18

3 Example: Configuring zoned SAS storage enclosures.................................27

4 Tasks in the VSM Zoning tab..................................................................34

More Information task.........................................................................................................35

Clear Configuration task.....................................................................................................35

Advanced Settings task.......................................................................................................36

Create Zone Group task.....................................................................................................37

Drive-bay zone groups...................................................................................................37

Switch-port zone groups.................................................................................................39

Modify task.......................................................................................................................41

Delete task........................................................................................................................42

Modify Zone Access task....................................................................................................43

5 Tasks in the VSM Maintain tab...............................................................44

Update Firmware task.........................................................................................................45

Prerequisites.................................................................................................................45

Obtaining new firmware................................................................................................46

Procedures...................................................................................................................47

Reset Hardware task...........................................................................................................49

Reset Software task............................................................................................................49

Update Storage Enclosure Firmware task...............................................................................50

Prerequisites and notes..................................................................................................50

Obtaining new firmware................................................................................................51

Procedures...................................................................................................................51

Reset Storage Enclosure task................................................................................................52

Network Settings task.........................................................................................................54

SNMP Settings task............................................................................................................54

System Log task.................................................................................................................54

6 Troubleshooting....................................................................................55

Moving zone groups..........................................................................................................55

Moving zone groups—zoned SAS storage enclosures........................................................55

Contents 3

Moving zone groups—shared SAS storage enclosures........................................................56

III VSM CLI.................................................................................................57

7 Getting started.....................................................................................59

Accessing the VSM CLI.......................................................................................................59

Command syntax...............................................................................................................61

Example command........................................................................................................61

About the target variable................................................................................................61

About the command variable..........................................................................................62

About the parameter variable.........................................................................................63

Executing commands..........................................................................................................64

Keyboard shortcuts and keyword abbreviations.................................................................64

Getting help......................................................................................................................65

The help command........................................................................................................65

The show command......................................................................................................65

8 Performing common tasks......................................................................68

Enabling or disabling multi-initiator mode.............................................................................69

Creating a switch-port zone group.......................................................................................70

Creating a drive-bay zone group.........................................................................................73

Assigning a zone group to a server device bay......................................................................75

Capturing the configuration.................................................................................................77

Inputting or restoring the configuration..................................................................................78

Flashing switch firmware.....................................................................................................79

Flashing storage enclosure firmware.....................................................................................80

Resetting the switch or attached storage enclosures.................................................................82

IV Support and other resources.....................................................................83

Index.........................................................................................................85

4 Contents

HP Virtual SAS Manager (VSM) is the software application used to configure HP SAS BL Switches, including tasks such as creating and managing hardware-based zone groups. These zone groups allocate resources for device load balancing purposes and for selectively allowing access to data. For planning purposes, zone groups and assignments can be pre-configured, even if servers or disk drives are not yet installed.

Embedded in the SAS BL Switch firmware, VSM can be deployed in two operating modes:

• Graphical User interface (GUI)—See “VSM GUI” (page 10)

• Command Line Interface (CLI)—See “VSM CLI” (page 57)

About this document

• This document assumes that all associated devices are physically installed and all required software

components are installed on the servers. For hardware compatibility information, supported operating system versions, and supported Internet browser versions, see the SAS switch QuickSpecs. Review the QuickSpecs and verify that supported versions are installed on the devices.

• Examples in this document use dual SAS BL Switches installed in an HP BladeSystem c7000 enclosure.

• For information about installing and cabling the switch, see the following user documents, available

on the 3Gb SAS BL Switch page of the HP Manuals website http://www.hp.com/support/manuals:

◦ HP StorageWorks 3Gb SAS BL Installation Instructions

Part I Basic information and concepts

◦ HP StorageWorks 3Gb SAS BL User Guide ◦ HP Direct-Connect External SAS Storage for HP BladeSystem Solutions Deployment Guide

• Information is located as follows in this guide:

Example procedures: “Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures” (page 18)◦

◦ Example procedures: “Example: Configuring zoned SAS storage enclosures” (page 27) ◦ Field details: “Tasks in the VSM Zoning tab” (page 34) ◦ Field details: “Tasks in the VSM Maintain tab” (page 44)

About solutions using the SAS BL Switch

Consider the following:

• In dual-domain configurations with two switches in the same interconnect bay row of the HP BladeSystem

c-Class enclosure, both switches can process I/O, but the VSM utility can be active on only one of the switches. Switch status (Active or Passive) is shown in the VSM navigation tree. If you log in to the switch with the passive VSM and want to make any zoning configuration changes, you must exit VSM for that switch and log back in to the switch with the active VSM.

• Zoning is created and managed through the VSM, but the storage is configured, formatted, and

partitioned using software utilities such as the HP Array Configuration Utility (ACU), HP Storage Management Utility (SMU), and Microsoft Disk Manager.

Zone groups allocate resources for device load balancing purposes and for selectively allowing access to data. For planning purposes, zone groups and assignments can be pre-configured, even if servers or disk drives are not yet installed.

There are two types of zone groups:

• Drive bay zone groups—Group together drive bays, which can be chosen from one or more MDS600

storage enclosures or MDS600 storage enclosure drawers. Server bays assigned this type of zone group have access to the drive bays included in the zone group as if they were directly connected to those servers. Zoned storage environments such as those using the MDS600 use drive bay zoning.

• Switch port zone groups—Group together one or more SAS ports on the switch. Server bays assigned

this type of zone group have access to the controller enclosures or tape devices connected to the ports included in the zone. Tape environments and shared storage environments such as those using the MSA2000sa use switch port zoning. All tape drives in a tape device will be accessible to any server that has access to the zone group. All LUNs in the controller enclosure will be accessible to the assigned servers, unless controlled through the storage management utility for the controller enclosure.

As shown in the following table, configuration (zoning type) procedures are the same for shared SAS storage enclosures and tape devices, but differ for zoned SAS storage enclosures:

Zoning typeComponent

Switch portShared SAS storage enclosures

Drive bayZoned SAS storage enclosures

Switch portTape devices

IMPORTANT: When assigning zone groups to servers, restrictions apply. The zone groups must be

associated with external storage enclosures that are connected to switch ports that are associated with those server device bays. For more information, see “Zoning requirements and device mappings” (page 7).

Zoning requirements and device mappings

IMPORTANT: Depending on the BladeSystem c-Class enclosure model, server type, mezzanine slot used,

BladeSystem server device bay, and BladeSystem interconnect bay, the zone groups that assigned to a server must be associated with storage enclosures connected to switch ports 1–4 or 5–8. Failure to follow these guidelines will result in an unsupported configuration.

The following tables show the interdependencies of components in an HP BladeSystem c-Class solution that includes an HP StorageWorks 3Gb SAS BL Switch connected to external SAS storage enclosures.

For the c3000 BladeSystem enclosure, use the following table to determine which external storage enclosures to use when zoning the external storage to the server blades.

For example, as shown in the table, if a full-height server blade is installed in device bay 1-8 of a c3000 enclosure, and the P700m SAS Controller is installed in server mezzanine slot 2; the 3Gb SAS BL Switch must be installed in BladeSystem interconnect bay 3 or 4 and it should be assigned a zone group that is in an external storage enclosure attached to 3Gb SAS BL Switch ports 1, 2, 3, or 4.

c-Class

enclosure

model

Double dense

(BL2x220c)

Double wide

(BL680c G7)

Mezzanine slotServer typeBladeSystem

BladeSystem

c-Class

device bay

BladeSystem

c-Class

interconnect bay

Zone groups must be in storage enclosures

connected to these 3Gb SAS BL Switch ports

1 – 43/4Any2Half heightc3000

1 – 43/4Any2Full height

5 – 83/4Any3

1 – 43/41A – 8A“A-side”Half height

5 – 83/41B – 8B“B-side”

1 – 43/4Any2Full height

5 – 83/4Any3

5 – 83/4Any4

1 – 43/4Any7

Zoning requirements and device mappings 7

For the c7000 BladeSystem enclosure, use the following table to determine which external storage enclosures to use when zoning the external storage to the server blades.

For example, as shown in the table, if a full-height server blade is installed in device bay 1-8 of a c7000 enclosure, and the P700m Controller is installed in server mezzanine slot 2; the 3Gb SAS BL Switch must be installed in BladeSystem interconnect bay 5, 6, 7, or 8 and it should be assigned a zone group that is in an external storage enclosure attached to 3Gb SAS BL Switch ports 1, 2, 3, or 4.

c-Class

enclosure

model

Double dense

(BL2x220c)

Double wide

(BL680c G7)

Mezzanine slotServer typeBladeSystem

BladeSystem

c-Class

device bay

BladeSystem

c-Class

interconnect bay

Zone groups must be in storage enclosures

connected to these 3Gb SAS BL Switch ports

1 – 43/41 – 81Half heightc7000

5 – 83/49 – 16

1 – 45/6/7/81 – 82

5 – 85/6/7/89 – 16

1 – 43/4Any1Full height

1 – 45/6/7/8Any2

5 – 85/6/7/8Any3

1 – 45/61A – 8AAnyHalf height

1 – 47/81B – 8B

5 – 85/69A – 16A

5 – 87/89B – 16B

1 – 43/4Any1Full height

1 – 45/6/7/8Any2

5 – 85/6/7/8Any3

1 – 45/6/7/8Any4

5 – 83/4Any5

5 – 85/6/7/8Any7

As shown in the tables, each HP 3Gb SAS BL Switch is organized in two sets of connections. These two connection sets are based on the two SAS expanders housed in the switch. Each SAS expander provides four external SAS ports and is connected internally to eight blade bays. This organization may have implications for best system configuration practices according to the hardware in use.

The VSM GUI displays the following warning message if a configuration is attempted that violates these requirements. All such configurations are unsupported by HP.

When creating a zone group:

• When creating a drive bay based zone group, all the drives in the zone group should be attached to

the switch through the same set of four ports shown in the table. For example, a zone group could include drives from three storage enclosures attached to ports 1, 3, and 4. However, creating a zone group using drives from two storage enclosures attached to ports 1 and 5 is not supported.

• When creating a switch port zone group, the group can include multiple ports in the range 1-4 or 5-8,

but not from both ranges.

When assigning a zone group to a server device bay:

• When modifying zone access rights of a server blade, the zone group must be for storage that is

connected to the same expander that the server device bay is associated with. For example, server device bay 9 should be assigned to storage that is attached to ports 5-8 of the HP 3Gb SAS BL Switch.

• When modifying zone access rights to drive-bay based zone groups, the server blades must first be

taken offline. Restart them after completing the assignments and saving all changes in the VSM interface.

• For a newly created zone group, when assigning the zone group to a server device bay, if RAID 1+0

arrays will be created, you must first power off the server blades. Restart the servers after completing the assignments and saving all changes in the VSM.

• For an existing zone group, when changing the assignment to move the zone group to a different

server, you must first stop all associated I/O with the zone group and power off the server blades. After completing the assignments and saving all changes in the VSM, restart the servers and resume I/O.

• In a c7000 BladeSystem enclosure, when using a full-height blade that occupies bays 1 and 9, and

with the P700m Controller in mezzanine slot 3, be sure to assign the zone group to blade bay 9 (the subsumed bay). This will correctly provide the server with access to the storage.

Zoning requirements and device mappings 9

Part II VSM GUI

Contents

1 Getting started.........................................................................................12

Accessing the VSM GUI..........................................................................................................12

Page description.....................................................................................................................14

System status information.........................................................................................................15

Online help...........................................................................................................................16

Performing tasks.....................................................................................................................16

Configuring the switch (key steps).............................................................................................17

2 Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures....................................18

3 Example: Configuring zoned SAS storage enclosures....................................27

4 Tasks in the VSM Zoning tab......................................................................34

More Information task.............................................................................................................35

Clear Configuration task..........................................................................................................35

Advanced Settings task...........................................................................................................36

Create Zone Group task..........................................................................................................37

Drive-bay zone groups........................................................................................................37

Switch-port zone groups......................................................................................................39

Modify task...........................................................................................................................41

Delete task.............................................................................................................................42

Modify Zone Access task.........................................................................................................43

5 Tasks in the VSM Maintain tab...................................................................44

Update Firmware task.............................................................................................................45

Prerequisites......................................................................................................................45

Obtaining new firmware.....................................................................................................46

Procedures........................................................................................................................47

Reset Hardware task...............................................................................................................49

Reset Software task.................................................................................................................49

Update Storage Enclosure Firmware task....................................................................................50

Prerequisites and notes.......................................................................................................50

Obtaining new firmware.....................................................................................................51

Procedures........................................................................................................................51

Reset Storage Enclosure task....................................................................................................52

Network Settings task..............................................................................................................54

SNMP Settings task.................................................................................................................54

System Log task......................................................................................................................54

6 Troubleshooting........................................................................................55

Moving zone groups...............................................................................................................55

Moving zone groups—zoned SAS storage enclosures.............................................................55

Moving zone groups—shared SAS storage enclosures............................................................56

Contents 11

1 Getting started

Accessing the VSM GUI

VSM is accessed through the Onboard Administrator (OA) application of the BladeSystem c-Class enclosure in which the switch is installed. (For the minimum supported OA version, see the 3Gb SAS BL Switch QuickSpecs.)

NOTE: To navigate directly to the VSM for a SAS switch, open the browser and enter the OA

IP address or hostname followed by the interconnect variable. For example: https://10.10.1.254/interconnectX/ or https://hostname/interconnectX/, where X specifies the interconnect bay number.

1. Install and connect the HP BladeSystem c-Class enclosure and the servers, controllers, switches, external storage enclosures, and other devices associated with your BladeSystem c-Class enclosure solution. These procedures are detailed in the user documents for each device.

For hardware compatibility information, supported operating system versions, and supported Internet browser versions, see the SAS BL Switch QuickSpecs. Review the QuickSpecs and verify that supported versions are installed on the devices.

2. Log in to Onboard Administrator for the BladeSystem c-Class enclosure. a. Obtain and record the IP address or hostname assigned to the BladeSystem c-Class

enclosure OA module. (The IP address or hostname may be recorded on worksheets provided with your system installation instructions.)

b. From a server or workstation with access to the system, open a browser and enter the

OA address or hostname. For example: https://10.10.1.254 or https://hostname

c. Enter an OA username and password with administrative privileges, and then wait a few

moments for OA to open.

12 Getting started

3. In the OA Systems and Devices tree, expand Interconnect Bays, select the SAS BL Switch to

manage, and click Management Console to access VSM.

After a few moments, the VSM GUI is displayed.

NOTE: In dual-domain configurations with two switches in the same interconnect bay row

of the HP BladeSystem c-Class enclosure, both switches can process I/O, but the VSM utility can be active on only one of the switches. Switch management status (Active or Passive) is shown in the VSM navigation tree (not the OA navigation tree). If you log in to the switch with the passive VSM and want to make any zoning configuration changes, you must exit VSM for that switch and log back in to the switch with the active VSM.

Accessing the VSM GUI 13

Page description

The VSM GUI page is divided as follows:

• Tabs—Immediately below the HP Virtual SAS Manager banner and at the top-left corner of

the page, tabs are major groupings of VSM tasks. ◦ Zoning tab—For creating and modifying hardware-based zone groups and granting

servers access.

◦ Maintain tab—For maintenance tasks, such as setting switch parameters and updating

switch firmware.

• System Status section—At-a-glance system information.

• Systems And Devices—A navigation tree for selecting devices and accessing available tasks.

• Task section—Available task list for the selected device or data entry fields.

NOTE:

• In the browser Address field, the IP address or URL of the VSM GUI associated with the

selected switch is displayed.

• In the center of the HP Virtual SAS Manager banner, the VSM firmware version is displayed.

• At the far right of the HP Virtual SAS Manager banner, the IP address for VSM CLI access for

the selected switch is displayed.

14 Getting started

System status information

The System Status section displays the number and type of open status alerts.

Status alert details may be viewed several different ways:

• To view all status messages: In the System Status section of the VSM page, click View Status

Alerts.

DescriptionNameIcon

System is not operating properlyCritical

Servicing is neededWarning

Helpful informationInformational

• To view status messages for a specific device: In the navigation tree, select the device, and

then click View Status Alerts.

• To view a specific message: Click the icon or message, whether it is in the navigation tree,

an informational display, or elsewhere.

NOTE: Included in the System Status section of the VSM display, the Refresh option updates the

information in the navigation tree.

System status information 15

Online help

Extensive online help is available. At any time, click the Help icon in the top right of the page. The following image is an example display of the online help.

Performing tasks

To perform any task in the VSM, observe the following key steps:

1. Select a tab at the top of the page.

2. Select a system component in the navigation tree on the left side of the page.

3. Select a task from the list on the right side of the page.

4. Enter the requested information.

5. Click Save Changes.

16 Getting started

Configuring the switch (key steps)

After physically installing the switch (or switches) in the BladeSystem c-Class enclosure and cabling them to external SAS storage enclosures, do the following to initially configure the switches:

1. Go to the Maintain tab and enter all switch parameters. Key tasks include:

• Enter network settings

• Enter SNMP settings

• Update switch firmware (if needed).

• Update storage enclosure firmware (if needed).

2. Go to the Zoning tab and create zone groups and assign them to server device bays. Key tasks include:

NOTE: For firmware versions earlier than 2.0.0.0, no configuration tasks are available.

• Enable or disable Multi-initiator mode.

• Create the zone groups.

For deployments with shared SAS storage enclosures and tape libraries, create

◦

switch-port zone groups.

◦ For deployments with zoned SAS storage enclosures, create drive-bay zone groups.

• Assign zone groups to servers.

3. Capture the configuration for safekeeping. HP strongly recommends this step, especially in single-domain configurations. (Available only in the VSM CLI.)

Configuration information is located as follows in this guide:

• Example procedures: “Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures” (page 18)

• Example procedures: “Example: Configuring zoned SAS storage enclosures” (page 27)

• Field details “Tasks in the VSM Zoning tab” (page 34)

• Field details “Tasks in the VSM Maintain tab” (page 44)

Configuring the switch (key steps) 17

2 Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures

Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures includes the following tasks, performed in sequence:

1. Enabling Multi-initiator Mode.

2. Creating one or more switch port zone groups.

3. Assigning each zone group to each server device bay that needs access to the storage

enclosures associated with that zone group.

4. Capturing the configuration for safekeeping. (Strongly recommended. Available only in VSM

CLI.)

5. Configure disk drives in the storage enclosure into logical storage units (LUNs) using the

management utility supported by the storage enclosure. Access to the LUNs is controlled through mappings or other presentation methods, which grant specific server device bays to specific LUNs.

NOTE:

• The MSA2000sa is an example of a shared SAS storage enclosure.

• The shared SAS storage enclosure includes a RAID array controller. A RAID controller is

installed on the server, but not used for its RAID configuration capabilities.

• Use switch-port zone groups with shared SAS storage enclosures. The entire storage enclosure

connected to that switch port is visible to all server device bays granted access to the zone group that includes that switch port.

• Each server device bay that needs access to the external storage must be assigned a zone

group.

◦ A server device bay can be assigned multiple zone groups. ◦ A switch-port zone group can be assigned to more than one server device bay. ◦ Unpopulated server device bays can be assigned a zone group.

• Disks in the enclosure are configured into logical storage units (LUNs) using one of the servers

(or a designated management server) with access to the storage enclosure. Access to the LUNs is controlled through mappings or other presentation methods, which grant specific server device bays to specific LUNs.

The following example illustrates configuring a common shared SAS storage zoning configuration, with one large zone group, including all switch ports on a pair of switches. Assigning the zone group to each server device bay is also included. For more information about these tasks, see the following sections:

• “Advanced Settings task” (page 36)

• “Create Zone Group task” (page 37)

• “Modify Zone Access task” (page 43)

18 Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures

The following devices are used in this example:

ModelDevice type

c7000c-Class enclosure

ProLiant BL 460c G1 and ProLiant BL 465c G1Server blades

P700mSAS mezzanine cards

3Gb SAS BL Switch, installed in interconnect bays 7 and 8SAS switch blades

MSA2000saExternal SAS storage enclosures

1. Change the Multi-initiator Mode setting to Enabled. This setting allows multiple servers to be assigned the same zone group and have access to the same storage enclosure.

a. Access VSM and select the Zoning tab. b. Select the switch and click Advanced Settings. c. When prompted, expand the Multi-initiator Mode drop-down box and change the setting

to Enabled. Then, click OK.

NOTE: As shown in this example, if status alerts exist for an item selected in the navigation

tree, the View Status Alerts button is displayed.

2. Create a switch port zone group.

a. In the navigation tree, select Zone Groups and click Create Zone Group.

NOTE: As shown in this example, when the Switch Port radio button is selected,

information about devices connected to the switch ports is included in the display.

b. Enter a Name for the zone group, select Switch Port, and click each port on the pair of

switches to be included in the zone group. The following example creates one large zone group that includes all ports on the pair of switches. Then, click OK.

NOTE: As shown in this example, unused switch ports can be included in a zone group.

20 Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures

c. After a moment, the display is refreshed, with the new, unsaved zone group displayed

in the navigation tree. Click Save Changes. When the save is completed, the entry in the navigation tree is updated and shows that it is not assigned to any server device bays.

NOTE: Until a server device bay is assigned a zone group, it cannot access the storage.

3. Assign the zone group to a server device bay that needs access. a. In the navigation tree, select a server device bay that needs access to the storage

associated with this zone group, and then click Modify Zone Access.

b. Check the box corresponding to the zone group that you want to assign to the server

device bay and click OK.

NOTE: All available zone groups are displayed. As shown in this example, only one

large zone group was created, so it is the only zone group displayed.

22 Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures

c. After a moment, the display is refreshed. All items affected by the change (the zone group

and the server device bay) are marked in the navigation tree. Click Save Changes. When the save is complete, the entry in the navigation tree is updated.

NOTE: The zone group entry in the navigation tree now states “Assigned”.

NOTE: For illustration purposes, in this example, Save Changes was performed after

each configuration task. When performing multiple configuration tasks, HP recommends completing all tasks and then committing all pending changes at one time.

4. Assign the zone group to another server device bay that needs access. a. In the navigation tree, select another server device bay that needs to access the storage

associated with this zone group, click Modify Zone Access, and then check the box for the zone group and click OK.

NOTE: Because this is switch-port based zoning for shared SAS storage enclosures with

Multi-initiator mode enabled, the already assigned zone group is displayed and may also be assigned to this server device bay.

24 Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures

b. All items affected by the change (the zone group and the server device bay) are marked

in the navigation tree. Click Save Changes. When the save is complete, the entry in the navigation tree is updated.

NOTE: The zone group entry in the navigation tree now states that it is assigned to

multiple server device bays.

5. As needed, repeat step 4 for each server device bay (populated or unpopulated). This ensures that when severs are installed in the unpopulated device bays, they can immediately access the storage.

6. To see details about the zone group, select the zone group in the navigation tree and click

More Information. As shown in this example, the display for the zone group shows that the servers in device bays 1 and 6 have been assigned this zone group.

7. After all server device bays have been granted access to the zone group, the switch and the zoning setup is complete.

a. In the VSM CLI, capture the configuration for safekeeping. (Strongly recommended) b. Proceed to the user documents for the storage enclosure and configure the storage into

logical units (LUNs).

26 Example: Configuring shared SAS storage enclosures

+ 60 hidden pages