HP 1610A User Manual
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OPERATORS GUIDE
MODEL 1610A
LOGIC STATE ANALYZER
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@COPYRIGHT
1900 GARDEN OF THE GODS ROAD, COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO, U.S.A.
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Manual Part Number 0161 o-90903
Microfiche Part Number 0161 o-90803
HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY/COLORADO SPRINGS DIVISION
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PRINTED: AUG 1977
1977
SAFETY SUMMARY
The following general
and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings
elsewhere in this manual vioiafes safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the
instrument. Hewlett-Packard Company assumes no i/ability
with these requirements.
GROUND THE INSTRUMENT.
To
mrnrmrze
ground The
rnust
to two-contact adapter
(safety
lnternarronal Elt:lctrotechnrcal Commrssion
shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical
tnstrument
etther
be plugged
groundi
at the power outlet, The power jack and
satefy
precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service,
for
the customer’s failure to comply
IS equipped
Into
an approved three-contact
with
the grounding wire (green) firmly connected to an electrical ground
with
a three-conductor ac power cable. The power cable
elEctrical
(IEC) safety standards.
outlet or used with a three-contact
mating
plug of the power cable meet
7
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DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE.
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any
electrrcal
KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS.
OperatIn!]
adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel.
power cable connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may exist even with the
power cable removed To avoid Injuries,
touching them
DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE.
Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person,
and
USE CAUTION WHEN EXPOSING OR HANDLING THE CRT.
Breakage of
To prevent CRT Implosion,
be done only by qualified maintenance personnel using approved safety mask and gloves.
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT.
Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install
any
Sales and
instrument In such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.
personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal
Do not replace components with
always disconnect power and discharge circuits before
capable of rendering first aid
resu:;cttation
unauthorized modifrcatron
IS present.
the
Cathode-ray Tube (CRT) causes a high-velocity scattering of glass fragments (implosion).
avoid
rough handling or jarring of the instrument. Handling of the CRT shall
Service
substrtute
to the instrument. Return the instrument to a Hewlett-Packard
Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.
parts or perform
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DANGEROUS PROCEDURE WARNINGS.
Warnings
manual Instructions contained In the
such as the example below, precede potentially dangerous procedures throughout this
warntngs
Dangerous voltages, capable of causing death, are present in this instrument.
Use ex’treme caution when handling, testing, and adjusting.
must be followed
pzz--l
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE
CHAPTER I:
General
The Keyboard
.....................................................................
tNTRODUCTlON
TO HP MODEL 1610A LOGIC ANALYZER
..................
.....................................................................
................................................................
Current
/Measurement
Display Group ............................................
Entry Group ...............................................................
Edit
Group ................................................................
Execute
Group
ProbeThreshold
The
Front
Probe Pod Cable Connectors
The
Rear
P,anel.........
.............................................................
..............................................................
Panel
............................................................
.................................................
......................................................
Basic Information About Menu Displays ...........................................
Menu
Title
and Machine Status
................................................
Error, Warning, and Information Messages ......................................
Muftrple--choice
Entry
Fields
The Cursor
...............................................................
Fields
..............................................................
......................................................
Menu Display Sections ......................................................
CHAPTER II:
Preparing for
OPERATING
YOUR
1610A
...........................................
Operation .......................................................
Quick Run-through Procedure .................................................
Now What? ................................................................
CHAPTER
Introduction
III:
DETAILED
MENU DESCRIPTIONS
................................................................
....................................
Format Specification Menu ..................................................
Trace Specification Menu., ..................................................
Trace
List
Menu..
.........................................................
Trace Graph Menu .........................................................
Trace
Cornpare
CHAPTER IV: POSITIONING THE TRACE WINDOW IN DATA FLOW.
Example 1:
Menu .......................................................
....................
:Simple
Single-state Trace
............................................
Example 2: Single-state Trace with Delay .........................................
Example 3: Tracing Specific Data Path in a Branching Program
Example 4: Tracing Specific Path in Multiple-branch Program
Example 5: Multiple-branch Path Completed in a Single Pass
.......................
........................
.........................
Example 6: Tracing a Direct Jump in a Multiple-branch Program ......................
Example 7: Tracing Program Flow in Nested Loops
CHAPTER V: PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION
.................................
......................................
Introduction.. ..............................................................
Initiation of Performance Verification ............................................
Display Test
..............................................................
Keyboard Test ............................................................
Trace Test ...............................................................
Interrupt-rest .............................................................
Printer Test ..............................................................
APPENDIX
APPENDIX B: MESSAGES
A:
GLOSSARY.
.....................................................
......................................................
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1
2
3
4
5
6
6
6
8
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
13
13
14
18
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21
23
25
27
29
31
32
32
33
34
35
36
37
39
39
39
40
41
42
43
43
A-l
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. . .
III
PREFACE
------- HOW TO USE THIS BOOK -------
How you use this book is largely a matter of your experience with Logic State
Analyzers.
An experienced Logic State Analyzer operator can begin using the Hewlett-Packard
1610A after getting acquainted with it in Chapter I and II.
If this
page by page so you thoroughly understand your instrument and how it works.
You may want to try something you’re not sure of, or that is not described in the
book. TRY IT! You won’t damage the 161 OA. If what you try is not acceptable to the
instrument, it will tell you why on the display.
IS,
your first opportunity to use a Logic State Analyzer, go through the book
------- WHEN TO USE THIS BOOK -------
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Whatever your experience level, use selected portions of the book the first time you
operate your 161 OA.
Study the material presented here whenever you have a few minutes. Some of the
machine capabilities are rather subtle; thorough understanding of them will put you
in a position of being ready when that new, complex measurement problem presents
itself.
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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION TO YOUR
HP MODEL
Your Hewlett-Packard Model
1610A
-mm____
1610A
LOGIC STATE ANALYZER
GENERAL
Logic State Analyzer (called simply
m______
1610A
in
this book) is a general-purpose instrument which extends measurement capabilities
in the Data Domain beyond the capabilities of any previous machine.
Analysis of the most advanced state machines, and the most complex software, is
possible using the 161 OA. Yet Operating simplicity has been achieved by user-oriented
engineering design; the 161 OA performs many routine “house-keeping” chores that
the operator used to do.
As you go through this book, you may find some unfamiliar terms generated by the
unique characteristics of the 161 OA. A glossary of these terms is included in the back
of the book as Appendix A.
---THE
KEYBOARD
-------
The 1610A keyboard contains 39 keys divided into four functional groups. A fold-
out illustration of the keyboard is at the back of this book for easy reference as you
work.
1
Current Measurement Display Group:
CURRENT MEASUREMENT
DISPLAY
ROLL DISPLAY
GRAPH GRAPH
0
Calls up a display menu which allows you to select clock slope, logic
polarity, and number base parameters. Also permits formatting 32
input channels into
labelled
groups (see FORMAT MENU, Chapter
III).
Calls up a display menu in which you specify state and count
mea-
surements (see TRACE SPECIFICATION MENU, Chapter Ill).
Calls up display menu in which current measurement and count data
are displayed (see TRACE LIST MENU, Chapter Ill).
Calls up graphed display of current measurement data for any speci-
fied label (see GRAPH MENU, Chapter Ill).
Calls up display menu in which current measurement data is EXCLU-
SIVE
OR’ed
with valid stored data; also selection of COMPARED
TRACE mode (see COMPARED TRACE MENU, Chapter Ill).
Rolls trace display in the indicated direction to view all 64 memory
states. The 20 states displayed are represented by intensified dots
in GRAPH MENU. Intensified dots on the graph shift left or right as
the trace is rolled,
ENTRY
0
-
‘9
or
A-F
FIELD
SELECT
1
I
0
D E
A
6
7 8
4 5
1
2
F
c
9
6
3
Alphanumeric keys for entering information into all entry fields on
the displays.
FfELD
SELECT
1
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Permits selection among field content variables. This key is used to
change inverse fields which contain brackets ( [
] ).
In entry fields:
“X” indicates that all allowed digit values are acceptable. In
octal fields allowed values of “X” are 0 through 7 (3 bits). In
hexadecimal fields allowed values for “X” are 0 through F (4 bits).
In label assignment fields:
“X” indicates that the channel is not used. An used channel is not
included in any other label reference.
3
Edit Group:
EDIT
DEFAULT
GRAPH LIMITS
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aD+a
EDIT
DEFAULl
GRAPH LIMITS
CURSOR
1)
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lb
Insert or delete lines which allow further definition of trace location
in program flow; or which selectively “TRACE ONLY STATES”
which meet any of several conditions.
Returns the currently displayed menu to its simplest form.
Used in TRACE GRAPH MENU only. Automatically changes upper
or lower graph limit.
Used to move blinking cursor in indicated direction.
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Execute Group:
,I.
.,,, ‘,
EXECUTE
STORE
CURRENTMEASUREMENT
..
,‘,
,,,:f;‘i/s, ”
’
,,
_.
,,.,’
“i,
‘1.” .*,
‘,I”,
,,,I
:
‘Q’S _,
Transfers current measurement data (with FORMAT and TRACE
SPECIFICATIONS) into separate storage memory; does NOT alter
current measurement information.
Performs an V-exchange between current measurement data and
data in stored memory (see COMPARED TRACE, Chapter III).
Initiates a print-out of the current display (except GRAPH) on an
interfaced HP Model
9866A/B
Printer.
Initiates a search in data flow to find and trace data that corresponds
to the parameters defined in the specification menus then displays
resultant data. Pressing the key one time initiates a single trace;
holding the key down places the 161 OA in the CONTINUOUS TRACE
mode, permitting observation of dynamic program flow.
Stops any “CONTINUOUSTRACE,““COMPAREDTRACE,””TRACE,”
or “PRINT” which remains “IN PROCESS.”
5
Probe Threshold:
------- THE FRONT PANEL -------
MEAS:
A point of attachment for a voltage measuring device when adjusting
threshold level.
ADJ: Adjustment for setting threshold level to the desired amplitude in a
range of -10 V to
VAH/TTL:
When this switch is set to TTL, the corresponding probe pod is
+lO
V.
set to operate at TTL (1 .4 V) threshold levels. In the VAR position, the probe pod is adjusted to required voltage at
COMMON: A grounding point
for measuring threshold voltage levels for
MEAS
point.
any probe pod.
------- PROBE POD CABLE CONNECTORS -------
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Directly under the keyboard are sockets for connecting the probe pod cables. These
cables are not numbered and will operate interchangeably, except for the Clock pod.
Pod numbers in the photograph relate pod location to the FORMAT SPECIFICATION
6
i.
POD
4
POD
3
POD
2
POD
1
CLK
menu display (see Chapter III). Each connector is keyed to the socket; the
ridge in the molded plug should be on the left when being inserted in the socket.
A
sprtng
clip on the connector locks it in position when it is pushed to the left as shown.
Spring Clip
-+-To lock
To
--To
Insert
plug into socket, slide spring clip to the right, insert plug in socket, slide
plug in
Molded Plug
spring clip to the left to lock in position,
There are eight data lines and a ground lead in each pod. These lines are identified by
wire colors, The white/black line represents data bit 0, the white/brown line represents data bit 1, and so on to the white/violet line which represents data bit 7,
following the standard resistor value color code. A black lead indicates “ground.” For
purposes of the FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu (Chapter Ill), line 0 represents the
least significant bit and line 7 represents the most significant bit.
7
,
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:
‘1’ ..,
,, ”
‘,
,,’
:,1,
‘,
,,,L,“
1.
1
-----mm THE REAR PANEL
1.
For installation of a future Option which will permit use of the 161 OA with the HP
-s---m-
Interface Bus (HP IB).
2.
TRIG~GER
OUT
JI
connector provides high repetition rate pulses useful for
triggering external instrumentation such as oscilloscopes. Pulse output begins
when
the trace specification is satisfied. If the trace position includes a state
them
key is pressed, and a 50 ns pulse is generated each time
squence,
the pulse occurs when the last valid state is found; pulse output continues until
a new specification is traced, or until the
3.
PRINTER connector permits interfacing the 161 OA with an HP Model
L~~j$“‘- “.~~,I :
,
..;~.,‘:y
‘!,.I ‘t
,$:*<g*
p* :..tp
key is pressed.
i
9866A/B
Printer for obtaining hard copy of all display menus except GRAPH.
4.
MEAS ENABLE provides a low logic level when the 161 OA begins trace execution;
level remains low until the trace state is recognized or until
IS
pressed.
”
key
2 ^
>./r
‘1
:
START
5.
m
pushbutton initiates internal performance verification routines. Perform-
ance verification destroys current specifications and data.
6. DATA POD connected to this socket provides a continuous 8-bit count at
10 MHz rate; also tests the data pod for accurate operation during performance
verification.
7.
CLOCK POD connected to this socket uses internally generated 10 MHz clock
signal for performance verification routines.
8. Line power socket.
-.------
BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT MENU DISPLAYS -------
Some features are common to all menu displays. These features are described here
so you
1.
Menu Title and Machine Status.
wiill
recognize them in the following pages.
The first line of all menus gives the name of the menu on the left. Machine status
is on the right and indicates the last machine operation initiated and whether the
operation is COMPLETED, FAILED, ABORTED, or IN PROCESS. When the 161 OA
is in continuous or compared trace modes, status condition will continue to flash
these possible conditions.
9
2. ERROR, WARNING, and Information Messages.
Model
for communication between the 161 OA and the operator. Some of the messages,
ERROR and WARNING, imply a sense of urgency, but they do not in any way
mean damage to the machine or injury to the operator. ERROR is only to alert
the operator that he should make an immediate correction. WARNING cautions
the operator that a current entry may lead to an ERROR, or that a limit of execution has been reached. Appendix 6 lists and describes these messages in
more
3. Multiple-Choice Fields.
An inverse video field which contains brackets ( [
a choice among two or more variables in defining the parameter for that
ular field. Your choice is made by pressing the
1610A
‘detail.
is a conversational machine. Line two of each menu is reserved
]
) indicates that you have
partic-
&Fk&
key until the proper field
[
I
content is displayed. The 161 OA remembers the choice you made and carries it
into ali
IMPORTANT: If the COMPARED TRACE MODE selectable field is left in
[STOP=] or
single or continuous trace operation in any menu.
4. Entry Fields.
Inverse video fields without brackets indicate areas where you enter alpha-
numeric characters which define labels, states of interest, or state occur-
rences
other menu displays where it applies.
[STOP+],
condition, it must be returned to [OFF] to restore
10
5. The Cursor.
A blinking inverse field one character wide, called the Cursor, indicates the
field in which a selection may be made, or the location where the next
alphanumeric character will be entered. You may reposition the cursor
CUASOR
into the desired field by using the
of the keyboard. The cursor is removed when the 161 OA is operating in any
continuous mode.
6. Menu Display Sections.
Each section of the menu display is given a title describing the data parameter
which it controls. Section titles are positioned along the left margin of the display.
11/(12
blank)
Chapter II
OPERATING YOUR 1610A
------- PREPARING FOR OPERATION -------
Naturally, you want to get your 161 OA “on the air” as soon as you can. This chapter
will help you accomplish this. Let’s get started!
1. Connect the Data Pods and the Clock Pod cables under the keyboard as
described in Chapter I.
CAUTION
‘Your 1610A can be damaged if you operate it from a voltage
source different than that for which the internal Voltage
Selector switches are set. These switches are set at the factory
for operation on
different, have qualified service personnel change the Voltage
Selector switches to agree. Probe input limit
2. Plug the 1610A into the primary power source and set the front-rail LINE
switch (see keyboard fold-out) to the ON position. The power indicator light will
come on if power is present and an audible signal will indicate that the 1610A is in
a power-up condition. If you wish to do a Performance Verification procedure, see
Chapter V.
3.
In a few seconds, a display will appear on the CRT and you are ready to start
operation.
110-120 Vat.
If your primary power source is
515
V peak.
13
-----mm
1.
The display immediately seen on power-up is shown below. The first line shows
A QUICK RUN-THROUGH PROCEDURE -------
that this is the FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu, and the machine status shows that
the last operation initiated, Power-up, is complete.
2.
Line two shows a WARNING signal alerting you to a SLOW CLOCK condition.
This message is a good indicator during operation that a clock probe has come loose,
or that the system under test is malfunctioning. See Chapter III for a detailed discussion of the FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu.
3.
Connect probe pod 1 and the clock probe pod to their respective sockets in
the PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION section on the rear panel. These ports provide a
continuous 8-bit count at a 10 MHz rate. Notice that when this is done, the SLOW
CLOCK message disappears.
4. Press the
the 161
CIA
automatically goes to the TRACE LIST menu, and the machine status
key in the EXECUTE section of the keyboard. Notice that
reminds you that the last operation you initiated was TRACE, and the operation is
COMPLETE:.
14
5.
The resulting trace consists of eight hexadecima?
digits representing 32 bits of data. Six of the digits are
constant (data pods not connected) and two bits are
counting from
0016
to
FFt6.
Trace starting point
is also indicated. Each successive line of memory is
numbered with a positive decimal integer for ease of
/
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reading. The
lows the trace state in positive time.
‘I+”
sign indicates that the state fol-
/
6. Press and hold CURRENT MEASUREMENT DISPLAY
section of the keyboard. The display moves up enabling you to view any part
of the
will sound, and a
64state
memory. When the end of memory is reached, an audible signal
p
message alerts you that an operating limit
has been reached; the display will roll no further. Release the ROLL DISPLAY key and
the message will disappear.
,)< s
7
press yy,s.;,. 1” i ;:.s”?%T
.&&‘i~~ ?$+i’. ,*,r&~~: c
,;q &p ~,p;Amrr&
_ **<“‘* ~& ~~i7L’.’
““u, “<
’ in CURRENT MEASUREMENT DISPLAY section of the
-8 i,
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keyboard. The format specification menu reappears and allows you to define state
parameters for a more useful display. See Chapter III for detailed discussion of
FORMAT SPECIFICATION menu.
8
use
Q
i
Q
(CURSOR) keys in
the EDIT section of the
(1,
keyboard to move the blinking cursor (now located at
15
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