Hitron CGNV4 User Manual

CGNV4 DOCSIS 3.0 eMTA WiFi Gateway

User’s Guide

Version 1.1 - 02/2014

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

About This User’s Guide

Intended Audience

This manual is intended for people who want to configure the CGNV4’s features via its Graphical User Interface (GUI).

How to Use this User’s Guide

This manual contains information on each the CGNV4’s GUI screens, and describes how to use its various features.



Use the Introduction on page 14 to see an overview of the topics covered in this

manual.



Use the Table of Contents (page 6), List of Figures (page 10) and List of Tables

(page 12) to quickly find information about a particular GUI screen or topic.



Use the Index (page 108) to find information on a specific keyword.



Use the rest of this User’s Guide to see in-depth descriptions of the CGNV4’s

features.

Related Documentation



Quick Installation Guide: see this for information on getting your CGNV4 up

and running right away. It includes information on system requirements, package contents, the installation procedure, and basic troubleshooting tips.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide



Online Help: each screen in the CGNV4’s Graphical User Interface (GUI)

contains a Help button. Click this button to see additional information about configuring the screen.

Document Conventions

This User’s Guide uses various typographic conventions and styles to indicate content type:



Bulleted paragraphs are used to list items, and to indicate options.

1 Numbered paragraphs indicate procedural steps.

NOTE: Notes provide additional information on a subject.

Warnings provide information about actions that could harm you or your

device.

Product labels, field labels, field choices, etc. are in bold type. For example:

Select UDP to use the User Datagram Protocol.

A mouse click in the Graphical User Interface (GUI) is denoted by a right angle bracket ( > ). For example:

Click Settings > Advanced Settings.

means that you should click Settings in the GUI, then Advanced settings.

A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text. For example:

Press [ENTER] to continue.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Customer Support

For technical assistance or other customer support issues, please consult your Hitron representative.

Default Login Details

The CGNV4’s default IP address and login credentials are as follows. For more information, see Logging in to the CGNV4 on page 23.

Table 1: Default Credentials

IP Address 192.168.0.1

Username admin

Password admin

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

DISCLAIMER: The information in this User’s Guide is accurate at the time of writing. This User’s Guide is provided “as is” without express or implied warranty of any kind. Neither Hitron Technologies nor its agents assume any liability for inaccuracies in this User’s Guide, or losses incurred by use or misuse of the information in this User’s Guide.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

About This User’s Guide ................................................................. 2

Table of Contents ........................................................................... 6

List of Figures ............................................................................... 10

List of Tables ................................................................................. 12

Introduction ................................................................................. 14

1.1 CGNV4 Overview .............................................................................. 14

1.1.1 Key Features ............................................................................ 15

1.2 Hardware Connections ...................................................................... 15

1.3 LEDs ................................................................................................. 18

1.4 IP Address Setup .............................................................................. 21

1.4.1 Manual IP Address Setup ......................................................... 22

1.5 Logging in to the CGNV4 .................................................................. 23

1.6 GUI Overview .................................................................................... 24

1.7 Resetting the CGNV4 ........................................................................ 25

Status ........................................................................................... 26

2.1 Status Overview ................................................................................ 26

2.1.1 DOCSIS .................................................................................... 26

2.1.2 IP Addresses and Subnets ....................................................... 27

2.1.2.1 IP Address Format ........................................................... 27

2.1.2.2 IP Address Assignment .................................................... 27

2.1.2.3 Subnets ............................................................................ 28

2.1.3 DHCP ........................................................................................ 29

2.1.4 DHCP Lease ............................................................................. 30

2.1.5 MAC Addresses ........................................................................ 30

2.1.6 Routing Mode ........................................................................... 31

2.1.7 Configuration Files .................................................................... 31

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

2.1.8 Downstream and Upstream Transmissions .............................. 31

2.1.9 Cable Frequencies .................................................................... 31

2.1.10 Modulation .............................................................................. 32

2.1.11 TDMA, FDMA and SCDMA .................................................... 32

2.2 The System Information Screen ........................................................ 33

2.3 The DOCSIS Provisioning Screen .................................................... 34

2.4 The DOCSIS WAN Screen ............................................................... 35

2.5 The DOCSIS Event Screen ............................................................... 38

2.6 The Wireless Status Screen .............................................................. 39

2.7 The MTA Screen ............................................................................... 42

Basic ............................................................................................. 44

3.1 Basic Overview ................................................................................. 44

3.1.1 The Domain Name System ....................................................... 44

3.1.2 Port Forwarding ........................................................................ 45

3.1.3 Port Triggering .......................................................................... 45

3.1.4 DMZ .......................................................................................... 45

3.1.5 Routing Mode ........................................................................... 45

3.2 The LAN Setup Screen ..................................................................... 46

3.3 The Gateway Function Screen .......................................................... 48

3.4 The Port Forwarding Screen ............................................................. 49

3.4.1 Adding or Editing a Port Forwarding Rule ................................ 51

3.5 The Port Triggering Screen ............................................................... 53

3.5.1 Adding or Editing a Port Triggering Rule .................................. 55

3.6 The DMZ Screen ............................................................................... 57

3.7 The DNS Screen ............................................................................... 58

Wireless ........................................................................................ 61

4.1 Wireless Overview ............................................................................ 61

4.1.1 Wireless Networking Basics ..................................................... 61

4.1.2 Architecture ............................................................................... 61

4.1.3 Wireless Standards ................................................................... 62

4.1.4 Service Sets and SSIDs ........................................................... 62

4.1.5 Wireless Security ...................................................................... 63

4.1.5.1 WPS ................................................................................. 63

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

4.1.6 WMM ........................................................................................ 64

4.2 The Wireless Basic Settings Screen ................................................. 64

4.2.1 2.4G Settings ............................................................................ 65

4.2.2 5G Settings ............................................................................... 68

4.3 The WPS & Security Screen ............................................................. 71

4.4 The Advanced Wireless Screen ........................................................ 74

4.4.1 The WiFi Site Survey Screen .................................................... 75

4.4.2 The Wireless Clients Screen .................................................... 77

Admin .......................................................................................... 79

5.1 Admin Overview ................................................................................ 79

5.1.1 Debugging (Ping and Traceroute) ............................................ 79

5.2 The Management Screen .................................................................. 80

5.3 The Diagnostics Screen .................................................................... 81

5.4 The Backup Screen ........................................................................... 82

5.5 The Time Setting Screen .................................................................. 83

5.6 The Device Reset Screen ................................................................. 85

Security ........................................................................................ 87

6.1 Security Overview ............................................................................. 87

6.1.1 Firewall ..................................................................................... 87

6.1.2 Intrusion detection system ........................................................ 88

6.1.3 Device Filtering ......................................................................... 88

6.1.4 Service Filtering ........................................................................ 88

6.2 The Firewall Screen .......................................................................... 88

6.3 The Service Filter Screen .................................................................. 91

6.3.1 Adding or Editing a Service Filter Rule ..................................... 93

6.3.2 Adding or Editing a Service Filter Trusted Device Rule ............ 95

6.4 The Device Filter Screen ................................................................... 96

6.4.1 Adding or Editing a Managed Device ....................................... 99

6.5 The Keyword Filter Screen .............................................................. 100

6.5.1 Adding or Editing a Keyword Filter Trusted Device Rule ........ 102

6.6 The Logs Screen ............................................................................. 103

Troubleshooting ......................................................................... 105

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Index .......................................................................................... 108

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1: Application Overview ...........................................................................14

Figure 2: Hardware Connections ........................................................................16

Figure 3: Power Adaptor .....................................................................................18

Figure 4: LEDs ....................................................................................................19

Figure 5: Login ....................................................................................................23

Figure 6: GUI Overview ......................................................................................24

Figure 7: The Status: System Information Screen ..............................................33

Figure 8: The Status: DOCSIS Provisioning Screen ...........................................35

Figure 9: The Status: DOCSIS WAN Screen ......................................................36

Figure 10: The Status: DOCSIS Event Screen ...................................................39

Figure 11: The Status: Wireless Status Screen ..................................................40

Figure 12: The Status: MTA Screen ...................................................................42

Figure 13: The Basic: LAN Setup Screen ...........................................................47

Figure 14: The Basic: Gateway Function Screen ...............................................49

Figure 15: The Basic: Port Forwarding Screen ...................................................50

Figure 16: The Basic: Port Forwarding Add/Edit Screen ....................................52

Figure 17: The Basic: Port Triggering Screen .....................................................54

Figure 18: The Basic: Port Triggering Add/Edit Screen ......................................56

Figure 19: The Basic: DMZ Screen .....................................................................57

Figure 20: The Basic: DNS Screen .....................................................................59

Figure 21: The Wireless: Basic Settings 2.4GHz Screen ...................................65

Figure 22: The Wireless: Basic Settings 5GHz Screen ......................................68

Figure 23: The Wireless: WPS & Security Screen ..............................................71

Figure 24: The Wireless: Advanced Screen .......................................................74

Figure 25: The Wireless: WiFi Site Survey Screen .............................................75

Figure 26: The Wireless: Wireless Clients Screen ..............................................77

Figure 27: The Admin: Management Screen ......................................................80

Figure 28: The Admin: Diagnostics Screen ........................................................82

Figure 29: The Admin: Backup Screen ...............................................................83

Figure 30: The Admin: Time Setting Screen .......................................................84

Figure 31: The Admin: Device Reset Screen ......................................................86

Figure 32: The Security: Firewall Screen ............................................................89

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Figure 33: The Security: Service Filter Screen ...................................................91

Figure 34: The Security: Service Filter Add/Edit Screen .....................................93

Figure 35: Additional Service Filtering Options ...................................................95

Figure 36: The Security: Service Filter Trusted Device Add/Edit Screen ...........96

Figure 37: The Security: Device Filter Screen ....................................................97

Figure 38: The Security: Device Filter Add/Edit Screen ......................................99

Figure 39: Additional Service Filtering Options .................................................100

Figure 40: The Security: Keyword Filter Screen ...............................................101

Figure 41: The Security: Keyword Filter Trusted Device Add/Edit Screen .......103

Figure 42: The Security: Logs Screen ..............................................................104

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

List of Tables

Table 1: Default Credentials ................................................................................4

Table 2: Hardware Connections ........................................................................17

Table 3: LEDs ....................................................................................................19

Table 4: GUI Overview .......................................................................................24

Table 5: Private IP Address Ranges ..................................................................28

Table 6: IP Address: Decimal and Binary ..........................................................28

Table 7: Subnet Mask: Decimal and Binary .......................................................29

Table 8: The Status: System Information Screen ..............................................34

Table 9: The Status: DOCSIS WAN Screen ......................................................37

Table 10: The Status: DOCSIS Event Screen ...................................................39

Table 11: The Status: Wireless Status Screen ..................................................40

Table 12: The Status: MTA Screen ....................................................................43

Table 13: The Basic: LAN Setup Screen ...........................................................47

Table 14: The Basic: Gateway Function Screen ................................................49

Table 15: The Basic: Port Forwarding Screen ...................................................50

Table 16: The Basic: Port Forwarding Add/Edit Screen ....................................52

Table 17: The Basic: Port Triggering Screen .....................................................54

Table 18: The Basic: Port Triggering Add/Edit Screen ......................................56

Table 19: The Basic: DMZ Screen .....................................................................58

Table 20: The Basic: DNS Screen .....................................................................59

Table 21: The Wireless: Basic Settings 2.4GHz Screen ....................................66

Table 22: The Wireless: Basic Settings 5GHz Screen .......................................69

Table 23: The Wireless: WPS & Security Screen ..............................................72

Table 24: The Wireless: Advanced Screen ........................................................74

Table 25: The Wireless: WiFi Site Survey Screen .............................................75

Table 26: The Wireless: Wireless Clients Screen ..............................................78

Table 27: The Admin: Management Screen ......................................................81

Table 28: The Admin: Diagnostics Screen .........................................................82

Table 29: The Admin: Management Screen ......................................................83

Table 30: The Admin: Time Setting Screen .......................................................84

Table 31: The Admin: Device Reset Screen ......................................................86

Table 32: The Security: Firewall Screen ............................................................90

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Table 33: The Security: Service Filter Screen ...................................................92

Table 34: The Security: Service Filter Add/Edit Screen .....................................94

Table 35: The Security: Service Filter Trusted Device Add/Edit Screen ............96

Table 36: The Security: Device Filter Screen ....................................................97

Table 37: The Security: Device Filter Add/Edit Screen ......................................99

Table 38: The Security: Keyword Filter Screen ...............................................101

Table 39: The Security: Keyword Filter Trusted Device Add/Edit Screen ........103

Table 40: The Security: Logs Screen ...............................................................104

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Introduction

This chapter introduces the CGNV4 and its GUI (Graphical User Interface).

1.1 CGNV4 Overview

Your CGNV4 is a DOCSIS cable modem, router, embedded Multimedia Terminal Adapter (eMTA) and wireless access point that allows you to connect your cabled Ethernet, wireless devices and analog telephones to one anotherand to the Internet via your building’s cable connection.

Figure 1: Application Overview

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

1.1.1 Key Features

The CGNV4 provides:



DOCSIS/EuroDOCSIS 3.0 compliance



IEEE 802.11ac WiFi access point 3x3 dual band MIMO internal antennas



Local Area Network connection via four 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports



Two FXS analog telephone ports using SIP or MGCP



USB 2.0 host port



Quality of Service (QoS) for optimal video and data performance



External LEDs clearly displaying device and network status



Full operator control via configuration file and SNMP



TR-069 and HNAP for easy setup and remote management



Wireless security: WEP, WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK encryption, Wifi Protected

Setup (WPS) push-button and PIN configuration, MAC filtering



Settings backup and restore



Secure configuration interface, accessible by Web browser

1.2 Hardware Connections

This section describes the CGNV4’s physical ports and buttons.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Figure 2: Hardware Connections

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Table 2: Hardware Connections

WPS Press this button to begin the WiFi Protected Setup

(WPS) Push-Button Configuration (PBC) procedure.

Press the PBC button on your wireless clients in the coverage area within two minutes to enable them to join the wireless network.

See WPS on page 63 for more information.

USB The CGNV4 provides a USB 2.0 host port, allowing you

to plug in USB flash disks for mounting and sharing through the LAN interfaces via the Samba protocol (network neighborhood).

The CGNV4 supports the following Windows file systems:



FAT16



FAT32



NTFS

USB devices must not drain more than 500mA

from the USB port. USB devices requiring more than 500mA should be provided with their own power source(s).

LINE 1 Use these ports to connect your analog phones for VoIP

LINE 2

RESET Use this button to reboot or reset your CGNV4 to its

LAN1 Use these ports to connect your computers and other

LAN2

LAN3

LAN4

services, using cables with RJ11 connectors.

factory default settings.

To reboot the CGNV4, press the button and hold it for less than five seconds. The CGNV4 restarts, using your existing settings.

To reset the CGNV4, press the button and hold it for more than ten seconds. All user-configured settings are deleted, and the CGNV4 restarts using its factory default settings.

network devices, using Category 5 or 6 Ethernet cables with RJ45 connectors.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Table 2: Hardware Connections

CABLE Use this to connect to the Internet via an F-type RF

cable.

POWER Use the POWER port to connect to the 12v/2A power

adapter that came with your CGNV4. Use the POWER switch to turn the CGNV4 on or off.

NEVER use another power adapter with your

CGNV4. Doing so could harm your CGNV4.

Figure 3: Power Adaptor

1.3 LEDs

This section describes the CGNV4’s LEDs (lights).

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Figure 4: LEDs

Table 3: LEDs

LED STATUS DESCRIPTION

US Green, blinking The CGNV4 is searching for an upstream frequency

on the CABLE connection.

Green, steady The CGNV4 has successfully located and locked

onto an upstream frequency on the CABLE connection.

Blue The CGNV4 is engaged in channel bonding on the

upstream connection.

Off There is no upstream activity on the CABLE

connection.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Table 3: LEDs

DS Green, blinking The CGNV4 is searching for a downstream

frequency on the CABLE connection.

Green, steady The CGNV4 has successfully located and locked

onto a downstream frequency on the CABLE connection.

Blue The CGNV4 is engaged in channel bonding on the

downstream connection.

Off There is no downstream activity on the CABLE

connection.

Status Blinking The CGNV4’s cable modem is registering with the

service provider’s CMTS.

On The CGNV4’s cable modem has successfully

registered with the service provider and is ready for data transfer.

LAN Off No device is connected to one of the LAN ports.

Green, blinking A device is connected to one of the LAN ports via a

Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) link, and is transmitting or receiving data.

WIRELESS (2.4GHZ)

Green, steady A device is connected to one of the LAN ports via a

Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) link, but is not transmitting or receiving data.

Blue, blinking A device is connected to one of the LAN ports via a

Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps) link, and is transmitting or receiving data.

Blue, steady A device is connected to one of the LAN ports via a

Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps) link, but is not transmitting or receiving data.

Off The 2.4GHz wireless network is not enabled.

Green, steady The 2.4GHz wireless network is enabled, and no

data is being transmitted or received over the

2.4GHz wireless network.

Green, blinking The 2.4GHz wireless network is enabled, and data

is being transmitted or received over the 2.4GHz wireless network.

Bi-color Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is in operation on the

2.4GHz wireless network.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Table 3: LEDs

WIRELESS (5GHZ)

USB Off No USB device is connected to a USB port.

Off The 5GHz wireless network is not enabled.

Green, steady The 5GHz wireless network is enabled, and no data

is being transmitted or received over the 5GHz wireless network.

Green, blinking The 5GHz wireless network is enabled, and data is

being transmitted or received over the 5GHz wireless network.

Bi-color Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is in operation on the

5GHz wireless network.

Green, steady A USB device is connected to a USB port, and is

not transmitting or receiving data.

Green, blinking A USB device is connected to a USB port, and is

transmitting or receiving data.

Line 1 Line 2

Off No telephone is connected to the relevant Line

port.

Blinking A telephone is connected to the relevant Line port,

and is off-hook.

On A telephone is connected to the relevant Line port,

and is on-hook.

1.4 IP Address Setup

Before you log into the CGNV4’s GUI, your computer’s IP address must be in the same subnet as the CGNV4. This allows your computer to communicate with the CGNV4.

NOTE: See IP Addresses and Subnets on page 27 for background information.

If your computer is configured to get an IP address automatically, or if you are not sure, try to log in to the CGNV4 (see GUI Overview on page 24).



If the login screen displays, your computer is already configured correctly.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide



If the login screen does not display, your computer is not configured correctly.

Follow the procedure in Manual IP Address Setup on page 22 and set your computer to get an IP address automatically. Try to log in again. If you cannot log in, follow the manual IP address setup procedure again, and set a specific IP address as shown. Try to log in again.

NOTE: If you still cannot see the login screen, your CGNV4’s IP settings may have

been changed from their defaults. If you do not know the CGNV4’s new address, you should return it to its factory defaults. See Resetting the CGNV4 on page 25. Bear in mind that ALL user-configured settings are lost.

1.4.1 Manual IP Address Setup

By default, your CGNV4’s local IP address is 192.168.0.1. If your CGNV4 is using the default IP address, you should set your computer’s IP address to be between

192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.254.

Take the following steps to manually set up your computer’s IP address to connect to the CGNV4:

NOTE: This example uses Windows XP; the procedure for your operating system

may be different.

1 Click Start, then click Control Panel.

2 In the window that displays, double-click Network Connections.

3 Right-click your network connection (usually Local Area Connection) and click

Properties.

4 In the General tab’s This connection uses the following items list, scroll

down and select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Click Properties.

5 You can get an IP address automatically, or specify one manually:



If your network has an active DHCP server, select Get an IP address automatically.



If your network does not have an active DHCP server, select Use the following IP address. In the IP address field, enter a value between

192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.254 (default). In the Subnet mask field, enter

255.255.255.0 (default).

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NOTE: If your CGNV4 is not using the default IP address, enter an IP address and

subnet mask that places your computer in the same subnet as the CGNV4.

6 Click OK. The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) window closes. In the Local Area

Connection Properties window, click OK.

Your computer now obtains an IP address from the CGNV4, or uses the IP address that you specified, and can communicate with the CGNV4.

1.5 Logging in to the CGNV4

Take the following steps to log into the CGNV4’s GUI.

NOTE: You can log into the CGNV4’s GUI via the wireless interface. However, it is

strongly recommended that you configure the CGNV4 via a wired connection on the LAN.

1 Open a browser window.

2 Enter the CGNV4’s IP address (default 192.168.0.1) in the URL bar. The Login

screen displays.

Figure 5: Login

3 Enter the Username and Password. The default login username is admin, and

the default password is admin.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

NOTE: The Username and Password are case-sensitive; “admin” is not the same as

“Admin”.

4 Click Login. The System Information screen displays (see The System

Information Screen on page 33).

1.6 GUI Overview

This section describes the CGNV4’s GUI.

Figure 6: GUI Overview

Table 4: GUI Overview

Primary Navigation Bar

Use this section to move from one part of the GUI to another.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Table 4: GUI Overview (continued)

Secondary Navigation Bar

Main Window Use this section to read information about your CGNV4’s

Use this section to move from one related screen to another.

configuration, and make configuration changes.

1.7 Resetting the CGNV4

When you reset the CGNV4 to its factory defaults, all user-configured settings are lost, and the CGNV4 is returned to its initial configuration state.

To reset the CGNV4, click Admin > Device Reset. In the screen that displays, click the Factory Default button.

The CGNV4 turns off and on again, using its factory default settings.

NOTE: Depending on your CGNV4’s previous configuration, you may need to re-

configure your computer’s IP settings; see IP Address Setup on page 21.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

Status

This chapter describes the screens that display when you click Status in the toolbar. It contains the following sections:



Status Overview on page 26



The System Information Screen on page 33



The DOCSIS Provisioning Screen on page 34



The DOCSIS WAN Screen on page 35



The DOCSIS Event Screen on page 38



The Wireless Status Screen on page 39



The MTA Screen on page 42

2.1 Status Overview

This section describes some of the concepts related to the Status screens.

2.1.1 DOCSIS

The Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) is a telecommunications standard that defines the provision of data services) Internet access) over a traditional cable TV (CATV) network.

Your CGNV4 supports DOCSIS version 3.0.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

2.1.2 IP Addresses and Subnets

Every computer on the Internet must have a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. The IP address works much like a street address, in that it identifies a specific location to which information is transmitted. No two computers on a network can have the same IP address.

2.1.2.1 IP Address Format

IP addresses consist of four octets (8-bit numerical values) and are usually represented in decimal notation, for example 192.168.1.1. In decimal notation, this means that each octet has a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 255.

An IP address carries two basic pieces of information: the “network number” (the address of the network as a whole, analogous to a street name) and the “host ID” (analogous to a house number) which identifies the specific computer (or other network device).

2.1.2.2 IP Address Assignment

IP addresses can come from three places:



The Internet Assigned Numbers Agency (IANA)



Your Internet Service Provider



You (or your network devices)

IANA is responsible for IP address allocation on a global scale, and your ISP assigns IP addresses to its customers. You should never attempt to define your own IP addresses on a public network, but you are free to do so on a private network.

In the case of the CGNV4:



The public network (Wide Area Network or WAN) is the link between the cable

connector and your Internet Service Provider. Your CGNV4’s IP address on this network is assigned by your service provider.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide



The private network is your Local Area Network (LAN) and Wireless Local Area

Network (WLAN), if enabled. You are free to assign IP addresses to computers on the LAN and WLAN manually, or to allow the CGNV4 to assign them automatically via DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). IANA has reserved the following blocks of IP addresses to be used for private networks only:

Table 5: Private IP Address Ranges

FROM... ...TO

10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

If you assign addresses manually, they must be within the CGNV4’s LAN subnet.

2.1.2.3 Subnets

A subnet (short for sub-network) is, as the name suggests, a separate section of a network, distinct from the main network of which it is a part. A subnet may contain all of the computers at one corporate local office, for example, while the main network includes several offices.

In order to define the extent of a subnet, and to differentiate it from the main network, a subnet mask is used. This “masks” the part of the IP address that refers to the main network, leaving the part of the IP address that refers to the sub-network.

Each subnet mask has 32 bits (binary digits), as does each IP address:



A binary value of 1 in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the

IP address is part of the main network.



A binary value of 0 in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the

IP address is part of the sub-network.

For example, the following table shows the IP address of a computer (192.168.1.1) expressed in decimal and binary (each cell in the table indicates one octet):

Table 6: IP Address: Decimal and Binary

192 168 0 1

11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

The following table shows a subnet mask that “masks” the first twenty-four bits of the IP address, in both its decimal and binary notation.

Table 7: Subnet Mask: Decimal and Binary

255 255 255 0

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

This shows that in this subnet, the first three octets (192.168.1, in the example IP address) define the main network, and the final octet (1, in the example IP address) defines the computer’s address on the subnet.

The decimal and binary notations give us the two common ways to write a subnet mask:



Decimal: the subnet mask is written in the same fashion as the IP address:

255.255.255.0, for example.



Binary: the subnet mask is indicated after the IP address (preceded by a forward

slash), specifying the number of binary digits that it masks. The subnet mask

255.255.255.0 masks the first twenty-four bits of the IP address, so it would be written as follows: 192.168.1.1/24.

2.1.3 DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or DHCP, defines the process by which IP addresses can be assigned to computers and other networking devices automatically, from another device on the network. This device is known as a DHCP server, and provides addresses to all the DHCP client devices.

In order to receive an IP address via DHCP, a computer must first request one from the DHCP server (this is a broadcast request, meaning that it is sent out to the whole network, rather than just one IP address). The DHCP server hears the requests, and responds by assigning an IP address to the computer that requested it.

If a computer is not configured to request an IP address via DHCP, you must configure an IP address manually if you want to access other computers and devices on the network. See IP Address Setup on page 21 for more information.

By default, the CGNV4 is a DHCP client on the WAN (the CATV connection). It broadcasts an IP address over the cable network, and receives one from the service provider. By default, the CGNV4 is a DHCP server on the LAN; it provides IP addresses to computers on the LAN which request them.

Hitron CGNV4 User’s Guide

2.1.4 DHCP Lease

“DHCP lease” refers to the length of time for which a DHCP server allows a DHCP client to use an IP address. Usually, a DHCP client will request a DHCP lease renewal before the lease time is up, and can continue to use the IP address for an additional period. However, if the client does not request a renewal, the DHCP server stops allowing the client to use the IP address.

This is done to prevent IP addresses from being used up by computers that no longer require them, since the pool of available IP addresses is finite.

2.1.5 MAC Addresses

Every network device possesses a Media Access Control (MAC) address. This is a unique alphanumeric code, given to the device at the factory, which in most cases cannot be changed (although some devices are capable of “MAC spoofing”, where they impersonate another device’s MAC address).

MAC addresses are the most reliable way of identifying network devices, since IP addresses tend to change over time (whether manually altered, or updated via DHCP).

Each MAC address displays as six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by colons (or, occasionally, dashes) for example 00:AA:FF:1A:B5:74.

NOTE: Each group of two hexadecimal digits is known as an “octet”, since it

represents eight bits.

Bear in mind that a MAC address does not precisely represent a computer on your network (or elsewhere), it represents a network de computer (or other device). For example, if a single computer has an Ethernet card (to connect to your CGNV4 via one of the LAN ports) and also has a wireless card (to connect to your CGNV4 over the wireless interface) the MAC addresses of the two cards will be different. In the case of the CGNV4, each internal module (cable modem module, Ethernet module, wireless module, etc.) possesses its own MAC address.

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Hitron CGNV4 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

About This User’s Guide

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Introduction

1.1 CGNV4 Overview

1.1.1 Key Features

1.2 Hardware Connections

1.3 LEDs

1.4 IP Address Setup

1.4.1 Manual IP Address Setup

1.5 Logging in to the CGNV4

1.6 GUI Overview

1.7 Resetting the CGNV4

Status

2.1 Status Overview

2.1.1 DOCSIS

2.1.2 IP Addresses and Subnets

2.1.2.1 IP Address Format

2.1.2.2 IP Address Assignment

2.1.2.3 Subnets

2.1.3 DHCP

2.1.4 DHCP Lease

2.1.5 MAC Addresses