Hitachi SJ-DG User Manual

NB617X

HITACHI INVERTER

SJ300/L300P SERIES

SJ-DG (DIGITAL INPUT OPTION)

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Thank you for purchase of “HITACHI INVERTER”. This manual
explains about treatment of “SJ-DG (digital input option)”. By reading this
manual and an instruction manual of inverter use practically for
installation, maintenance, and inspection. After reading this manual, keep
it handy for future reference

Make sure to reach this manual to the end user.

Table of Contents

Chapter1 Introduction 1
Chapter2 Installation method of printed board 2
Chapter3 Wiring Connecting 4
Chapter4 Setting 6
Chapter5 Function 7

After reading this manual, keep it handy for future reference

 Request

Thank you for purchase of “HITACHI INVERTER”. This manual explains about handling of “SJ-DG (digital

input option)”.

This instruction manual explains about treatment and maintenance of “SJ-DG”. Before using the product,
carefully read this manual with the instruction manual of inverter, and keeps it handy for quick reference of
operator and maintenance inspector. Before installing, operating, maintenance and inspection read this manual
carefully and follow the instructions exactly.

Always keep various kinds of specification mentioned in this manual and use exactly. And make sure to
prevent trouble by correct inspection and maintenance. Make sure to reach this manual to the end user.

 About treatment of this manual

 Please consent that mentioned items of this manual may be change without permission.
 Keep this manual carefully not to lose because it cannot be reissued.
 All right reserved.
 Contents in this manual is written to make assurance doubly sure but, but please contact if you have some

doubts about spelling mistakes, omitted word etc.

 Please agree that there is no responsibility for effects resulted, in spite of contents above mentioned.

Revision History Table

No.

1. Initial release 1999/12 NB617X

Except this table, revised only spelling mistakes omitted words, and error writings without notice.

Revision contents The date of issue Manual No

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Carefully read this manual and all of the warning labels attached to the inverter before installing, operating,
maintaining, or inspecting it. Safety precautions are classified into “Warning” and “Caution” in this manual.

WARNING

!

CAUTION

!

The situation described in WARNING may, if not avoided, lead to serious results. Important safety measures are
described in CAUTION (as well as WARNING) so be sure observe them.

Notes are described in this manual in “Note”, Precaution. Carefully read the contents and follow them exactly.

In all the illustrations in this manual, covers and safety devices are occasionally removed to describe the
details. When the product is operated, make sure that the covers and safety devices are placed as they were
specified originally and operate it according to the instruction manual.

: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result in serious injury or
death.

: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result in minor to moderate
injury, or serous damage to the product.

CAUTION

!

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

!

WARNING

Wiring:

• Wiring work shall be carried out by electrical experts

Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock, fire and/or damage of product.

• Implement wiring after checking that the power supply is off.

Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

Operating:

• Be sure not to touch the surface or the terminal of option board while energizing.

Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

• Be sure not to remove the digital input option printed board while operating.

Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

Maintenance, Inspection and Part Replacement:

• Wait at least 10 minutes after turning off the input power supply before performing maintenance and
inspection.
(Confirm the charge lamp on the inverter is off, checks direct current voltage between P-N terminals and
confirm it is less than 45V.)

Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock.

• Make sure that only qualified persons will perform maintenance, inspection, and part replacement

(Before starting the work, remove metallic objects from your person (wristwatch, bracelet, etc.).
Be sure to use tools protected with insulation)

Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock, and/or injury.

Note:

• Never modify the unit.

Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or injury.

CAUTION

!

Installation:

• Be sure not to let the foreign matter enter such as wire clippings, spatter from welding, metal shaving,
dust, etc.

Otherwise, there is a danger of fire.

• Be sure to fix inverter to option printed board with an attached fixed screw.

Otherwise, there is a danger of connecting error.

• Be sure to fasten the screws connecting signal wire in side of option printed board. Check for any
loosening of screw.

Otherwise, there is a danger of connecting error.

Wiring:

• Be sure to fasten the screws not to loose.

Otherwise, there is a danger of connecting error.

Operation:

• Check rotary direction, abnormal motor noise and vibrations during operating.

Otherwise, there is a danger of injury to personnel and/or machine breakage.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INSPECTION UPON UNPACKING

Make sure to treat the product carefully not to give shock and vibration while unpacking. Check that the product

is the one you ordered, and that there is no damage during transportation.

(Contents of packing)

(1) SJ-DG(digital input option printed board) : 1
(2) Instruction manual : 1
(3) Screws fixed printed board(M3 times 8mm) : 2

If you discover any problms, contact your sales agent immediately.

1.2 INQUIRY OF THE PRODUCT AND WARRANTY FOR THE PRODUCT

1.2.1 REQUIRE WHILE INQUIRING

If inquiry of breakage, question, damage etc. is needed, please tell the following information to the supplier you

ordered or the nearest Hitachi Distributor.

(1) Type
(2) Manufacturing number (MFG,NO)
(3) Day of purchasing
(4) Contents of inquiry

 Damage part and its condition
 Question parts and their contents etc.

In order to shorten impossible working time, standing spare unit is recommended.

1.2.2 WARRANTY OF THE PRODUCT

This product is guaranteed to last for one year after purchase. But, the next case is toll repair, even if within

warranty period.

(1) In case caused by operating mistake, and incorrect repair and modification
(2) Trouble caused by reasons except the shipped product.
(3) In case of using in range over the value of specification.
(4) In case caused by natural calamity, disaster, and secondary disaster,

Warranty mentioned here means warranty for shipped product itself. Damage caused by trouble of shipped

product is not guaranteed. Guarantee is valid only in Japan.

(Effective only Japan)

Toll repair

Any explanation and repair after the warranty period (one-year) shall be charged to the purchaser. And also any
explanation and repair out of warranty mentioned above, even within warranty period, shall be charged to the
purchaser. If you require the toll repair, please contact your Hitachi Distributor.

1.3 OUTLINE OF THE PRODUCT

If this option printed board is installed to SJ300/L300P series, it is possible to input setting frequency,

acceleration time setting, deceleration time setting, torque limit setting, and position setting in digital.

1

CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION METHOD OF PRINTED BOARD

Option board 1

Option board 2

Guide post for the positioning of option board

Screw holes for fixing option board (M3 screw)

2.1 INSTALLATION METHOD OF PRINTED BOARD

As the following Figure 2-1, exactly connect option board 1 or 2 to the holes of the four corners and the
connector part of the back. Be sure to fit them to the guide post for positioning of option printed board and screw
holes for fixing. After connecting, fastened the two points of printed board with the fixed screws attached.

Option board

Figure 2-1 Installation of option printed board

2

CHAPTER 3 WIRING, CONNECTING

D5D4D3D2D1D0STRB

P24B

CM1

PLCB

SEQ

CMB

D15

D14

D13

D12

D11

D10D9D8D7D6

TM1

TM2

RY

D15

D0

CM1

D14

3.1 TERMINAL ASSIGNMENT OF DIGITAL INPUT OPTION BOARD

Figure 3-1a shows terminal assignment, Figure 3-1b shows terminal standard connection.

TM1

Terminal assignment

Figure 3-1a Terminal assignment

Inverter digital option printed board

SEQ

(Sequence error output terminal)

CMB

(Common terminal)

(Data input signal)

STRB

(Strobe)

TM2

Terminal assignment

(Common terminal)

PLCB

(short circuit)

P24B

Figure 3-1b Terminal standard connection

In case of sink type interface, power is supplied to input terminal (D0 to D15, STRB) by short circuit between

P24B terminal and PLCB terminal.

3

CHAPTER 3 WIRING, CONNECTION

DC24V

SJ-DG

P24B

PLCB

CM1

Dn

SJ-DGSCOM

CM1

Dn

PLCB

SJ-DG

DC24

Dn

S

DC24V

COM

DC24

P24

Dn

STRB

3.2 CONNECTION TO PROGRAMABLE CONTROLLER

In case of operating this unit connecting to programable controller, there are 4 patterns of input terminals (Table
3-2a), 2 patterns of output terminals(Table 3-2b). Please connect fitted to the type of programable controller used.

Table 3-2a Connection of Input terminal (Dn, STRB, CM1) to Programable controller

Sink logic Source logic

In case of using internal interface power source In case of using internal interface power source

S

COM

YTR48 type

Output module

Short
Circuit

STRB

YTS48 type

Output module

Short
Circuit

P24B

DC24V

STRB

In case of using external power source In case of using external power source

P24

PLC

COM

CM1

DC24V

S

YTR48 type

Output module

YTS48 type

Output module

SJ-DG

Table 3-2b Connection of output terminal(SEQCMB) to programable controller

Sink logic Source logic

4

SEQ

CMB

DC24V

CMB

COM

CHAPTER 3 WIRING, CONNECTION

DC24V

SJ-DG

3.3 SPECIFICATION OF TERMINAL

Table 3-3 shows specification of terminal.

Table 3-3 Specification of terminal

Terminal

symbol

D15 to D0

(Hereinafter

called as

Input

Dn)

STRB

SEQ

Output

CMB

P24B

Power
source

CM1

Note) Never connect to earth of ground.

Terminal name Specification Electric characteristics

Data input terminal

Photo coupler input
(1a contact signal)

Strobe terminal

Sink source type
(Data take in command
signal terminal)

Sequence error signal
(Data input error signal

Sink source type
output terminal)

Common terminal for
sequence error signal
output

Common terminal for

sequence error signal output

Note)

DC24V power source for
Power source terminal
for interface

contact input signal

In case of selecting source

logic, contact input common.
Power source terminal

for interface Common
terminal

Common terminal for data

input terminal, power source

for interface and strobe

terminal

SJ-DG

Input impedance : 4.7kÙ
Allowable

Between SEQ and CMB
Voltage drop at on : less than 4V
Allowable max. voltage : DC27V
Allowable max. current : 50mA

Allowable max. current : 90mA

Note)

3.4 APPLICABLE WIRING

Make sure to use applicable wiring as the following items.

wire that is shield less than 0.5mm

Connect the wire which peeling length of sheathed signal wire is 5 –
 In case of connecting twist wire, make sure not to loose
Use signal wire which max, outside diameter is less than 2.0mm

2.

5

2

CHAPTER 4 SETTING

4.1 POSITION OF SETTING SWITCH

Figure 4-1shows position of setting switch.PAC, DIV,
BIN, BCD which printed around the dip switch (TYPE)
means one time input , 2 dividing input, binary input, BCD
input.

4.2 INITIAL SETTING CONDITION OF

PRINTED BOARD

Table 4-2 shows initial setting condition
(Setting condition at shipment).

Rotary switch

CODE

Dip switch

TYPE

Figure 4-1 Position of switch

Table 4-2 Initial setting condition

Setting item Switch No. Initial setting

condition

2 PAC (OFF)
1 BIN (OFF)

4.3 SETTING OF INVERTER

Rotary switch

CODE

0 to  0

Table 4-3 shows setting items of the inverter
(SJ300, L300 series) related to operating SJ-DG.

Make sure to refer to “CHAPTER 3 OPERATION”, “CHAPTER 4 EXPLANATION OF FUNCTION” of the
instruction manual of the inverter, and set exactly.

Table 4-3 Table of setting items of inverter related to SJ-DG

Code Function name Data range Initial data Possible

setting at

operating
00(VR)/01(terminal)/02(operator)
/03(RS485)/04(option1)
/05(option2)

00(remote)/01(option1)
/02(option2)

00(4quadrant individual setting)
/01(terminal switch)/02(analog
input)/03(option1)/04(option 2)

00(remote)/01(option1)
/02(option2)

02 (SJ300)
00 (L300P)

00 X O -

00 X O

00 X O

X X -

A001

P031

B040

P032

Setting frequency
destination

One selection of
acceleration and
deceleration time

Selection of torque
limit

Selection of
position command

Possible mode

of change at

operating

Note

Only

SJ300

Only

SJ300

(1) In case of setting frequency, make sure to set frequency command destination (A001) to option.
(2) In case of setting acceleration and deceleration time, make sure to set acceleration and deceleration time 1

selection (P031) to option.
(3) In case of setting torque limit, make sure to set torque limit selection (B040) to option.
(4) In case of setting position, make sure to set selection of position command (P032) to option.

4.4 INPUT MODE BY DIP SWITCH AND ROTARY SWITCH

6

CHAPTER 4 SETTING

It is possible to select input mode by combination of dip switch and rotary switch on the option printed board.

Table 4-4 shows table of input mode.

Table 4-4 Table of input mode

Dip switch

TYPE CODE Setting resolution

Switch No.

1 2

PAC

(One

time

input

BIN

(Binary

mode at

OFF)

input at

OFF)

/

BCD

(BCD

input at

ON)

Precaution O shows input mode set by switch setting. Make sure not to set switch setting except O because they are for

DIV

(Dividing

input

mode at

ON)

adjustments of factory.

Rotary

switch

Setting

code

0.01Hz 0.1Hz 1Hz Rate 0.01sec 0.1sec 1sec 1% 1pulse

0 O
1 O
2 O
3 O
4 O
5
6 O
0 O
1 O
2
3 O
4 O
5
6 O
7 O
8
9 O
A O
B

Setting frequency

O

O

O

O

Acceleration and

deceleration time setting

O

O

O

O

Torque

limit

setting

O O

Position

setting

(Viewpoint of table of input mode)

Example 1) In one time input mode, switch setting which sets setting frequency by 1Hz resolution and binary

input.

TYPE CODE

1 2

BIN PAC

2

Example 2) In two dividing input, switch setting which sets setting frequency with 0.1Hz resolution and BCD

input, and in case of setting acceleration and deceleration time by BCD input, 0.1sec.resolution.

TYPE CODE

1 2

BCD DIV

2

7

CHAPTER 4 SETTING

4.5 PRECAUTIONS AT SETTING OF SWITCH

(1) In case of setting rotary switch code to (5, 7 to F) in one time input mode, sequence error outputs just after

power on of inverter.
(2) In case of setting rotary switch code to (B to F) in 2 dividing input mode, sequence error outputs just after

power on of inverter.
(3) In case of (1) or (2), turn off power of inverter and set exactly.

8

Setting of dip switch TYPE

5.1 FUNCTION

5.1.1 ONE TIME BINARY INPUT

It is possible to select frequency setting, torque limit setting or

position setting of one time data input by rotary switch CODE.

Figure 5.1.1shows data bit construction of one time binary input.

(Example of setting) In case of setting frequency to 60.0Hz by 0.1Hz

resolution

CHAPTER 5 FUNCTION

1 2

BIN PAC

(Higher)

D15 D14 D13 D12

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0

Setting

Figure 5.1.1 Data bit construction of one time binary input

(Setting of rotary switch CODE --- 1).

(1) Input value which 60 multiplies 10 to D15 - D0 terminal by 16 bits binary value.

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0

D12D13D14D15

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 011110000

16 bits data

(1) 60 times10 = 600 ---- 0000001001011000 (Binary)
(2) When data input is definite, turn the strobe signal on.
(3) Turn the strobe signal off.

Precaution Refer to 5.3 ”DATA INPUT TIMING” for signal input timing.

5.1.2 ONE TIME BCD INPUT

It is possible to select frequency setting, torque limit setting or position
setting of one time data input by rotary switch CODE.
Figure 5.1.2 shows data bit construction of one time BCD input.
(Example of setting) In case of setting frequency to 30.0Hz resolution by

0.01Hz
(Setting of rotary switch CODE ---- 1)

(Lower)

Setting of dip switch TYPE

1 2

BCD PAC

(1) Input value which 30 multiplies 100 to D15 to D0 terminal by BCD value.

(Higher)

D15 D14 D13 D12

Setting data 4

(2) When data input is definite, turn the strobe signal on.
(3) Turn the strobe signal off.

30 times100 = 3000 ---- 0011000000000000 (binary)

(Lower)

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0

Setting data 3 Setting data 2 Setting data 1

Figure 5.1.2 Data bit construction of one time BCD input

9

CHAPTER 5 FUNCTION

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6

D12D13D14D15

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000100

Setting data 4 Setting data 3 Setting data 2 Setting data 1

Precaution Refer to 5.3 ”DATA INPUT TIMING” for signal input timing.

D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0

5.1.3 TWO DIVIDING BINARY INPUT

It is possible to change setting data by twice input of data, higher data

Setting of dip switch TYPE

1 2

and lower data. And it is possible to select frequency setting, torque limit
setting, acceleration and deceleration time setting or position setting by

BIN DIV

change of classification code (Refer to Figure 5.2 Table of classification
code.). Setting resolution can be selected by rotary switch CODE.

Figure 5.1.3 shows data bit construction of the input binary data divided into two.

(Higher)

D15 D14 D13 D12

Higher or Lower classification code

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0

Setting data of higher 8bits or lower 8 bints

(Lower)

Figure 5.1.3 Data bit construction of the input binary data divided into two

(Example of setting) In case of setting frequency to resolution 0.01Hz

(Setting of rotary switch CODE --- 0, 1, 2

(1) Converse value which 60 multiply 100 to 16 bits binary value. And then input higher 8 bits to D7 to D0

terminal, higher code of setting frequency to D15 to D8 terminal.

60×100 = 6000  0001011101110000 (Binary)

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0D12D13D14D15

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 101100000

Higher code setting frequency

Higher 8 bits setting data

(2) When data input is definite, turn strobe signal on.
(3) Turn strobe signal off.
(4) Input remaining data, lower 8 bits to D7 to D0 terminal, and D15 to D8terminal to lower code of setting

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0D12D13D14D15

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 001100000

Lower code setting frequency

Lower 8 bits setting data

frequency.
(5) When data input is definite, turn strobe signal on.
(6) Turn strobe signal off.

Precaution Refer to 5.3 ”DATA INPUT TIMING” for signal input timing.

10

CHAPTER 5 FUNCTION

5.1.4 TWO DIVIDING BCD INPUT

It is possible to change setting data by twice input of data, higher data

and lower data. And it is possible to select frequency setting, torque limit
setting, acceleration and deceleration time setting, or position setting by

Setting of dip switch TYPE

1 2

BCD DIV

change of classification code (Refer to Figure 5.2 Table of classification
code.). Setting resolution can be selected by rotary switch CODE.

(Example of setting) In case of setting acceleration time to 60.0sec by 0.1sec resolution

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0D12D13D14D15

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 001100000

Lower code setting frequency

Lower 8 bits setting data

Figure 5.1.4 Data bit construction of the input BCD data divided into two

(Setting of rotary switch CODE ---- 1, 4, 7, A)

(1) Converse value which 60 multiply 10 to binary value of BCD. And then input higher 2-figure data to D7 to

D0 terminal, acceleration time setting higher code to D15 to D8 terminal.

60×10 = 600  0000011000000000 (Binary)

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0D12D13D14D15

0 1 0 0 0 1 1 000000000

Acceleration time setting higher code

Higher 2-figure setting data

(2) When data input is definite, turn the strobe signal on.
(3) Turn the strobe signal off.
(4) Input remaining data, lower 8 bits to D7 to D0 terminal, and D15 to D8 terminal to lower code of setting

frequency.

D11 D10 D 9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0D12D13D14D15

0 1 1 0 0 0 0 000000000

Acceleration time setting lower code

Lower 2-figure setting data

(5) When data input is definite, turn the strobe signal on.
(6) Turn strobe signal off.

Precaution Refer to 5.3 ”DATA INPUT TIMING” for signal input timing.

11

CHAPTER 5 FUNCTION

5.2 CLASSIFICATION CODE

Table 5.2 shows table of classification
code. Make sure to input classification code
in order, higher code and then lower code.

Setting frequency (Higher) 00000000 0
Setting frequency (Lower) 00000001 1
Torque limit setting (Higher) 00000010 2
Torque limit setting (Lower) 00000011 3
Acceleration time setting (Higher) 00000100 4
Acceleration time setting (Lower) 00000101 5
Deceleration time setting(Higher) 00000110 6

5.3 DATA INPUT TIMING

5.3.1 TIMING AT ONE TIME INPUT

MO

Deceleration time setting(Lower) 00000111 7
Position setting (Higher) 00001000 8
Position setting (Lower) 00001001 9

DE

Take in data in on level that strobe signal. Let on/off time of strobe signal be more than 20ms. Be in state of on.
And if data indefinite area is more than 5ms, turn strobe signal off in order to satisfy Figure 5.3.1 timing chart of one
time data input.

Table 5.2 Table of classification code

Classification code

Setting item

(D15 - D8)

Binary Hexadecimal

Dn

(n=0-15)

More than 0ms

STRB

SEQ

(Sequence error output)

OFF

Data indefinite

Data definite

period

more than 20ms

Normal data

OFF

period

within 5ms

Abnormal data Normal data Normal data

Data indefinite

period

within 5ms

Data definite

period

more than 20ms

ON ON

More than 20ms

ON

Data definite

more than 20ms

More than 20ms

period

More than 20ms

Data indefinite

period

within 5ms

Data definite

period

more than 20ms

More than 0ms

OFF

OFF

Within 20ms Within 20ms

At load current 20mA

Precaution If Figure 5.3.1 timing chart is not satisfied, be careful because of possibility of taking in error

data.

12

CHAPTER 5 FUNCTION

M

5.3.2 TIMING AT TWO DIVIDING DATA INPUT

Take in data in on-edge of strove signal. Let on/off time of strobe signal be more than 20ms. And let off time of

strobe signal be more than 20ms,

Dn

(n=0-15)

STRB

SEQ

(Sequence error output)

Data definite

period

Normal data Abnormal data Normal data

More than 0ms More than 0ms More than 0ms

ON

OFF OFF OFFOFF

More than

20ms

More than

20ms

OFF

Data definite

period

ON ON

More than

20ms

Within 20ms Within 20ms

More than

20ms

Data definite

period

More than

20ms

ON

OFF

At load current 20mA

Figure 5.3.2 Timing chart of two dividing data input

Precaution If Figure 5.3.2 timing chart is not satisfied, be careful because of possibility of taking in error

data.

5.4 NOTICE AT DATA INPUT

While inputting the data by terminal of SJ-DG, notice the following items.
(1) Each input is possible to set within data range of the inverter in every setting item. If inputting without data

range, sequence error is outputted and data input is invalid (previous data is kept).

(2) If classification code is inputted in dividing input mode, make sure to input classification code in order, higher

code, and then lower code. If lower code is inputted at first, sequence error is outputted and data input is
invalid (previous data is kept)

(3) Re-input of correct data, or reset of inverter, or power off carries out cancellation of sequence error. And, if

two times input are correct in dividing input mode, they are cancelled just after second input.
(4) If a code without codes in table of classification is inputted, sequence error is outputted.
(5) In case of trip of inverter, data input is invalid. Make sure to reset inverter and re-input.
(6) When each command destination of inverter is not set to option board put on, do not input data.
(7) If setting frequency is input in “rate”, do the following process below.

(Example) If 75% of max frequency is set, input

MI

in

×= 75.0

 rate

75.0

input data full scale

Switch type 1

BIN 65535

I is

in

Input data full scale value(M)

13

CHAPTER 5 FUNCTION

M

However, f Hz set actually is calculated in

I

fin=

and, value which is ignored less than is setting frequency.

F

max

BCD 9999

F max frequency Hz

max

14