Hitachi L100 User Manual 2

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HITACHI

L100 Series Inverter Instruction Manual

• Single-phase Input 200V Class

• Three-phase Input 200V Class

• Three-phase Input 400V Class

Manual Number: NB576XC

After reading this manual,

keep it handy for future reference.

Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.

Safety Messages

For the best results with the L100 Series inverter, carefully read this manual and all of the warning labels attached to the inverter before installing and operating it, and follow the instructions exactly. Keep this manual handy for quick reference.

Definitions and Symbols

A safety instruction (message) includes a “Safety Alert Symbol” and a signal word or phrase such as WARNING or CAUTION. Each signal word has the following meaning:

HIGH VOLTAGE: This symbol indicates high voltage. It calls your attention to items or operations that could be dangerous to you and other persons operation this equipment. Read the message and follow the instructions carefully.

WARNING: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, can result in serious injury or death.

L100 Inverter

CAUTION: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, can result in minor to moderate injury, or serious damage to the product. The situation described in the CAUTION may, if not avoided, lead to serious results. Important safety measures are described in CAUTION (as well as WARNING), so be sure to observe them.

1 Step 1: Indicates a step in a series of action steps required to accomplish a goal. The

number of the step will be contained in the step symbol.

NOTE: Notes indicate an area or subject of special merit, emphasizing either the product’s capabilities or common errors in operation or maintenance.

TIP: Tips give a special instruction that can save time or provide other benefits while installing or using the product. The tip calls attention to an idea that may not be obvious to first-time users of the product.

Hazardous High Voltage

HIGH VOLTAGE: Motor control equipment and electronic controllers are connected to hazardous line voltages. When servicing drives and electronic controllers, there may be exposed components with housings or protrusions at or above line potential. Extreme care should be taken to protect against shock. Stand on an insulating pad and make it a habit to use only one hand when checking components. Always work with another person in case an emergency occurs. Disconnect power before checking controllers or performing maintenance. Be sure equipment is properly grounded. Wear safety glasses whenever working on electronic controllers or rotating machinery.

General Precautions - Read These First!

WARNING: This equipment should be installed, adjusted, and serviced by qualified electrical maintenance personnel familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved. Failure to observe this precaution could result in bodily injury.

WARNING: The user is responsible for ensuring that all driven machinery, drive train mechanism not supplied by Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd., and process line material are capable of safe operation at an applied frequency of 150% of the maximum selected frequency range to the AC motor. Failure to do so can result in destruction of equipment and injury to personnel should a single-point failure occur.

WARNING: For equipment protection, install a ground leakage type breaker with a fast response circuit capable of handling large currents. The ground fault protection circuit is not designed to protect against personal injury.

HIGH VOLTAGE: HAZARD OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK. DISCONNECT INCOMING POWER BEFORE WORKING ON THIS CONTROL.

WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input power supply before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

CAUTION: These instructions should be read and clearly understood before working on L100 series equipment.

CAUTION: Proper grounds, disconnecting devices and other safety devices and their location are the responsibility of the user and are not provided by Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.

CAUTION: Be sure to connect a motor thermal disconnect switch or overload device to the L100 series controller to assure that the inverter will shut down in the event of an overload or an overheated motor.

HIGH VOLTAGE: Dangerous voltage exists until power light is OFF. Wait at least five (5) minutes after input power is disconnected before performing maintenance.

WARNING: This equipment has high leakage current and must be permanently (fixed) hard-wired to earth ground via two independent cables.

L100 Inverter

WARNING: Rotating shafts and above-ground electrical potentials can be hazardous. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all electrical work conform to the National Electrical Codes and local regulations. Installation, alignment and maintenance should be performed only by qualified personnel. Factory-recommended test procedures included in the instruction manual should be followed. Always disconnect electrical power before working on the unit.

CAUTION:

a) Class I motor must be connected to earth ground via low resistive path (< 0.1Ω) b) Any motor used must be of a suitable rating. c) Motors may have hazardous moving parts. In this event suitable protection must

be provided.

CAUTION: Alarm connection may contain hazardous live voltage even when inverter is disconnected. When removing the front cover for maintenance or inspection, confirm that incoming power for alarm connection is completely disconnected.

CAUTION: Hazardous (main) terminals for any interconnection (motor, contact breaker, filter, etc.) must be inaccessible in the final installation.

iii

CAUTION: This equipment should be installed in IP54 or equivalent (see EN60529) enclosure. The end application must be in accordance with BS EN60204-1. Refer to the section “ be suitably amended for your application.

CAUTION: Connection to field wiring terminals must be reliably fixed having two independent means of mechanical support. Use a termination with cable support (figure below), or strain relief, cable clamp, etc.

CAUTION: A double-pole disconnection device must be fitted to the incoming main power supply close to the inverter. Additionally, a protection device meeting IEC947-1/ IEC947-3 must be fitted at this point (protection device data shown in “

Wire and Fuse Sizes” on page 2–14).

Choosing a Mounting Location” on page 2–7. The diagram dimensions are to

Terminal (ring lug) Cable support

Cable

Determining

NOTE: The above instructions, together with any other requirements highlighted in this manual, must be followed for continued LVD (European Low Voltage Directive) compliance.

Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual

Installation - Cautions for Mounting Procedures

CAUTION: The inverter is shipped with a plastic cover over the top vent grill. REMOVE this cover after the installation is complete. Operation with this cover in place will not allow proper cooling, and damage to the inverter may result.

CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on flame-resistant material such as a steel plate. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

CAUTION: Be sure not to place any flammable materials near the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

CAUTION: Be sure not to let the foreign matter enter vent openings in the inverter housing, such as wire clippings, spatter from welding, metal shavings, dust, etc. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

CAUTION: Be sure to install the inverter in a place that can bear the weight according to the specifications in the text (Chapter 1, Specifications Tables). Otherwise, it may fall and cause injury to personnel.

CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on a perpendicular wall that is not subject to vibration. Otherwise, it may fall and cause injury to personnel.

CAUTION: Be sure not to install or operate an inverter that is damaged or has missing parts. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

....... 2–6

....... 2–7

CAUTION: Be sure to install the inverter in a well-ventilated room that does not have direct exposure to sunlight, a tendency for high temperature, high humidity or dew condensation, high levels of dust, corrosive gas, explosive gas, inflammable gas, grinding-fluid mist, salt damage, etc. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

CAUTION: Be sure to maintain the specified clearance area around the inverter and to provide adequate ventilation. Otherwise, the inverter may overheat and cause equipment damage or fire.

....... 2–7

....... 2–8

Wiring - Warnings for Electrical Practices and Wire Specifications

WARNING: “Use 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent. ..... 2–13

WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.” ..... 2–13

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 240 V maximum.” For models with suffix N or L.

..... 2–13

L100 Inverter

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 480 V maximum.” For models with suffix H.

HIGH VOLTAGE: Be sure to ground the unit. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

HIGH VOLTAGE: Wiring work shall be carried out only by qualified personnel. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

HIGH VOLTAGE: Implement wiring after checking that the power supply is OFF. Otherwise, you may incur electric shock and/or fire.

HIGH VOLTAGE: Do not connect wiring to an inverter or operate an inverter that is not mounted according the instructions given in this manual. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or injury to personnel.

WARNING: Make sure the input power to the inverter is OFF. If the drive has been powered, leave it OFF for five minutes before continuing.

Wiring - Cautions for Electrical Practices

.... 2–13

.... 2–19

CAUTION: Fasten the screws with the specified fastening torque in the table below. Check for any loosening of screws. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

CAUTION: Be sure that the input voltage matches the inverter specifications: • Single/Three phase 200 to 240 V 50/60 Hz (up to 2.2kW) • Three phase 200 to 230V 50/60Hz (above 2.2kW) • Three phase 380 to 460 V 50/60Hz

CAUTION: Be sure not to power a three-phase-only inverter with single phase power. Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter and the danger of fire.

CAUTION: Be sure not to connect an AC power supply to the output terminals. Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter and the danger of injury and/or fire.

Power Input Power Output

(L) (N)

L1 L2 L3

T1 T2 T3

UVW

NOTE: L, N:

L1, L2, L3:

Single-phase 200 to 240V 50/60 Hz Three-phase 200 to 240V 50/60 Hz Three-phase 380 to 460V 50/60 Hz

.... 2–15

.... 2–16

.... 2–17

CAUTION: Remarks for using ground fault interrupter breakers in the main power supply: Adjustable frequency inverters with CE-filters (RFIfilter) and shielded (screened) motor cables have a higher leakage current toward Earth GND. Especially at the moment of switching ON this can cause an inadvertent trip of ground fault interrupters. Because of the rectifier on the input side of the inverter there is the possibility to stall the switch-off function through small amounts of DC current. Please observe the following: • Use only short time-invariant and pulse current-sensitive ground fault interrupters with higher trigger current. • Other components should be secured with separate ground fault interrupters. • Ground fault interrupters in the power input wiring of an inverter are not an absolute protection against electric shock.

CAUTION: Be sure to install a fuse for each phase of the main power supply to the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

CAUTION: For motor leads, ground fault interrupter breakers and electromagnetic contactors, be sure to size these components properly (each must have the capacity for rated current and voltage). Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

Powerup Test Caution Messages

..... 2–17

CAUTION: The heat sink fins will have a high temperature. Be careful not to touch them. Otherwise, there is the danger of getting burned.

CAUTION: The operation of the inverter can be easily changed from low speed to high speed. Be sure to check the capability and limitations of the motor and machine before operating the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of injury.

CAUTION: If you operate a motor at a frequency higher than the inverter standard default setting (50Hz/60Hz), be sure to check the motor and machine specifications with the respective manufacturer. Only operate the motor at elevated frequencies after getting their approval. Otherwise, there is the danger of equipment damage and/or injury.

CAUTION: Check the following before and during the powerup test. Otherwise, there is the danger of equipment damage. • Is the shorting bar between the [+1] and [+] terminals installed? DO NOT power or operate the inverter if the jumper is removed. • Is the direction of the motor rotation correct? • Did the inverter trip during acceleration or deceleration? • Were the rpm and frequency meter readings as expected? • Were there any abnormal motor vibrations or noise?

..... 2–20

.... 2–20,

..... 2–24

..... 2–20

Warnings for Configuring Drive Parameters

L100 Inverter

vii

WARNING: When parameter B_12, level of electronic thermal setting, is set to device FLA rating (Full Load Ampere nameplate rating), the device provides solid state motor overload protection at 115% of device FLA or equivalent. Parameter B_12, level of electronic thermal setting, is a variable parameter.

WARNING: Use a disconnect switch or breaker to ensure that you do not connect the motor or inverter to live wiring. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

Cautions for Configuring Drive Parameters

CAUTION: Be careful to avoid specifying a braking time that is long enough to cause motor overheating. If you use DC braking, we recommend using a motor with a built-in thermistor, and wiring it to the inverter’s thermistor input (see “Thermistor Thermal Protection” on page 4–20). Also refer to the motor manufacturer’s specifications for duty-cycle recommendations during DC braking.

Warnings for Operations and Monitoring

.... 3–24

.... 3–28

.... 3–15

WARNING: Be sure to turn ON the input power supply only after closing the front case. While being energized, be sure not to open the front case. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

WARNING: Be sure not to operate electrical equipment with wet hands. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

WARNING: While the inverter is energized, be sure not to touch the inverter terminals even when the motor is stopped. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

WARNING: If the Retry Mode is selected, the motor may suddenly restart after a trip stop. Be sure to stop the inverter before approaching the machine (be sure to design the machine so that safety for personnel is secure even if it restarts.) Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

WARNING: If the power supply is cut OFF for a short period of time, the inverter may restart operation after the power supply recovers if the Run command is active. If a restart may pose danger to personnel, so be sure to use a lock-out circuit so that it will not restart after power recovery. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

WARNING: The Stop Key is effective only when the Stop function is enabled. Be sure to enable the Stop Key separately from the emergency stop. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

...... 4–3

viii

WARNING: During a trip event, if the alarm reset is applied and the Run command is present, the inverter will automatically restart. Be sure to apply the alarm reset only after verifying the Run command is OFF. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

WARNING: Be sure not to touch the inside of the energized inverter or to put any conductive object into it. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

WARNING: If power is turned ON when the Run command is already active, the motor will automatically start and injury may result. Before turning ON the power, confirm that the RUN command is not present.

WARNING: When the Stop key function is disabled, pressing the Stop key does not stop the inverter, nor will it reset a trip alarm.

WARNING: Be sure to provide a separate, hard-wired emergency stop switch when the application warrants it.

WARNING: If the power is turned ON and the Run command is already active, the motor starts rotation and is dangerous! Before turning power ON, confirm that the Run command is not active.

WARNING: After the Reset command is given and the alarm reset occurs, the motor will restart suddenly if the Run command is already active. Be sure to set the alarm reset after verifying that the Run command is OFF to prevent injury to personnel.

....... 4–3

....... 4–9

..... 4–19

Cautions for Operations and Monitoring

CAUTION: The heat sink fins will have a high temperature. Be careful not to touch them. Otherwise, there is the danger of getting burned.

CAUTION: The operation of the inverter can be easily changed from low speed to high speed. Be sure check the capability and limitations of the motor and machine before operating the inverter. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

CAUTION: It is possible to damage the inverter or other devices if your application exceeds the maximum current or voltage characteristics of a connection point.

....... 4–2

....... 4–4

L100 Inverter

Warnings and Cautions for Troubleshooting and Maintenance

WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input power supply before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

WARNING: Make sure that only qualified personnel will perform maintenance, inspection, and part replacement. Before starting to work, remove any metallic objects from your person (wristwatch, bracelet, etc.). Be sure to use tools with insulated handles. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or injury to personnel.

WARNING: Never remove connectors by pulling on its wire leads (wires for cooling fan and logic P.C.board). Otherwise, there is a danger of fire due to wire breakage and/or injury to personnel.

CAUTION: Do not connect the megger to any control circuit terminals such as intelligent I/O, analog terminals, etc. Doing so could cause damage to the inverter.

CAUTION: Never test the withstand voltage (HIPOT) on the inverter. The inverter has a surge protector between the main circuit terminals above and the chassis ground.

HIGH VOLTAGE: Be careful not to touch wiring or connector terminals when working with the inverters and taking measurements. Be sure to place the measurement circuitry components above in an insulated housing before using them.

...... 6–2

.... 6–10

.... 6–14

General Warnings and Cautions

WARNING: Never modify the unit. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/ or injury.

CAUTION: Withstand voltage tests and insulation resistance tests (HIPOT) are executed before the units are shipped, so there is no need to conduct these tests before operation.

CAUTION: Do not attach or remove wiring or connectors when power is applied. Also, do not check signals during operation.

CAUTION: Be sure to connect the grounding terminal to earth ground.

CAUTION: When inspecting the unit, be sure to wait five minutes after tuning OFF the

power supply before opening the cover.

CAUTION: Do not stop operation by switching OFF electromagnetic contactors on the primary or secondary sides of the inverter.

Ground fault

interrupter

Power Input

When there has been a sudden power failure while an operation instruction is active, then the unit may restart operation automatically after the power failure has ended. If there is a possibility that such an occurrence may harm humans, then install an electromagnetic contactor (Mgo) on the power supply side, so that the circuit does not allow automatic restarting after the power supply recovers. If the optional remote operator is used and the retry function has been selected, this will also cause automatic restarting when a Run command is active. So, please be careful.

L1, L2, L3

Inverter

U, V, W

P24

Motor

CAUTION: Do not insert leading power factor capacitors or surge absorbers between the output terminals of the inverter and motor.

Ground fault

interrupter

Power Input

CAUTION: MOTOR TERMINAL SURGE VOLTAGE SUPPRESSION FILTER (For the 400 V CLASS)

In a system using an inverter with the voltage control PWM system, a voltage surge caused by the cable constants such as the cable length (especially when the distance between the motor and inverter is 10 m or more) and cabling method may occur at the motor terminals. A dedicated filter of the 400 V class for suppressing this voltage surge is available. Be sure to install a filter in this situation.

L1, L2, L3

Inverter

GND lug

U, V, W

Surge absorber

Motor

Leading power

factor capacitor

L100 Inverter

CAUTION: SUPPRESSION FOR NOISE INTERFERENCE FROM INVERTER

The inverter uses many semiconductor switching elements such as transistors and IGBTs. Thus, a radio receiver or measuring instrument located near the inverter is susceptible to noise interference. To protect the instruments from erroneous operation due to noise interference, they should be used well away from the inverter. It is also effective to shield the whole inverter structure. The addition of an EMI filter on the input side of the inverter also reduces the effect of noise from the commercial power line on external devices. Note that the external dispersion of noise from the power line can be minimized by connecting an EMI filter on the primary side of inverter.

EMI Filter Inverter

Motor

noise

EMI Filter

Completely ground the enclosed panel, metal screen, etc. with as short a wire as possible.

Inverter

Remote

Operator

Motor

Grounded frame

Conduit or shielded cable—to be grounded

CAUTION: EFFECTS OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ON INVERTER

In the cases below involving a general-purpose inverter, a large peak current can flow on the power supply side, sometimes destroying the converter module:

1. The unbalance factor of the power supply is 3% or higher.

2. The power supply capacity is at least 10 times greater than the inverter capacity (or the power supply capacity is 500 kVA or more).

3. Abrupt power supply changes are expected, due to conditions such as: a. Several inverters are interconnected with a short bus. b. A thyristor converter and an inverter are interconnected with a short bus. c. An installed phase advance capacitor opens and closes.

Where these conditions exist or when the connected equipment must be highly reliable, you MUST install an input-side AC reactor of 3% (at a voltage drop at rated current) with respect to the supply voltage on the power supply side. Also, where the effects of an indirect lightning strike are possible, install a lightning conductor.

xii

CAUTION: When the EEPROM error E08 occurs, be sure to confirm the setting values again.

CAUTION: When using normally closed active state settings (C_11 to C_15) for exter- nally commanded Forward or Reverse terminals [FW] or [RV], the inverter may start automatically when the external system is powered OFF or disconnected from the inverter! So, do not use normally closed active state settings for Forward or Reverse terminals [FW] or [RV] unless your system design protects against unintended motor operation.

CAUTION: In all the illustrations in this manual, covers and safety devices are occasionally removed to describe the details. While operating the product, make sure that the covers and safety devices are placed as they were specified originally and operate it according to the instruction manual.

UL® Cautions, Warnings, and Instructions

Wiring Warnings for Electrical Practices and Wire Sizes

The Cautions, Warnings, and instructions in this section summarize the procedures necessary to ensure an inverter installation complies with Underwriters Laboratories guidelines.

WARNING: “Use 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent.

WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.”

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000

rms symmetrical amperes, 240 V maximum.” For models with suffix N or L.

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 480 V maximum.” For models with suffix H.

Terminal Tightening Torque and Wire Size

The wire size range and tightening torque for field wiring terminals are presented in the table below.

L100 Inverter

xiii

Input

Voltage

200V

400V

Motor Output

Inverter Model

kW HP ft-lbs (N-m)

0.2 1/4 L100-002NFE/NFU

0.4 1/2 L100-004NFE/NFU

0.55 3/4 L100-005NFE

0.75 1 L100-007NFE/NFU

1.1 1 1/2 L100-011NFE

1.5 2 L100-015NFE/NFU 12

2.2 3 L100-022NFE/NFU 10

3.7 5 L100-037LFU 12

5.5 7 1/2 L100-055LFU 10

7.5 10 L100-075LFU 8

0.4 1/2 L100-004HFE/HFU

0.75 1 L100-007HFE/HFU

1.5 2 L100-015HFE/HFU

2.2 3 L100-022HFE/HFU

3.0 4 L100-030HFE

4.0 5 L100-040HFE/HFU

Wiring Size

Range (AWG)

Torq ue

0.6 0.8

0.9 1.2

1.5 2.0

0.9 1.2

5.5 7 1/2 L100-055HFE/HFU

7.5 10 L100-075HFE/HFU

Wire Connectors

WARNING: Field wiring connections must be made by a UL Listed and CSA Certified ring lug terminal connector sized for the wire gauge being used. The connector must be fixed using the crimping tool specified by the connector manufacturer.

12 1.5 2.0

Terminal (ring lug)

Cable support

Cable

xiv

Circuit Breaker and Fuse Sizes

The inverter’s connections to input power must include UL Listed inverse time circuit breakers with 600V rating, or UL Listed fuses as shown in the table below.

Input

Voltage

200V

Motor Output

Inverter Model

kW HP

0.2 1/4 L100-002NFE/NFU 10 (single ph.)

0.4 1/2 L100-004NFE/NFU

0.55 3/4 L100-005NFE

0.75 1 L100-007NFE/NFU 15 (single ph.)

1.1 1 1/2 L100-011NFE

1.5 2 L100-015NFE/NFU 20 (single ph.)

2.2 3 L100-022NFE/NFU 30 (single ph.)

3.7 5 L100-037LFU 30

5.5 7 1/2 L100-055LFU 40

7.5 10 L100-075LFU 50

0.4 1/2 L100-004HFE/HFU 3

0.75 1 L100-007HFE/HFU 6

1.5 2 L100-015HFE/HFU 10

Fuse (A)

(UL-rated,

class J, 600V)

7 (three ph.)

10 (three ph.)

15 (three ph.)

20 (three ph.)

400V

2.2 3 L100-022HFE/HFU 10

3.0 4 L100-030HFE 15

4.0 5 L100-040HFE/HFU 15

5.5 7 1/2 L100-055HFE/HFU 20

7.5 10 L100-075HFE/HFU 25

Motor Overload Protection

Hitachi L100 inverters provide solid state motor overload protection, which depends on the proper setting of the following parameters:

• B_12 “electronic overload protection”

Set the rated current [Amperes] of the motor(s) with the above parameters. The setting range is 0.5 * rated current to 1.2 * rated current.

WARNING: When two or more motors are connected to the inverter, they cannot be protected by the electronic overload protection. Install an external thermal relay on each motor.

L100 Inverter

Safety Messages

Hazardous High Voltage i General Precautions - Read These First! ii Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual iv General Warnings and Cautions ix UL® Cautions, Warnings, and Instructions xii

Table of Contents

Revisions xvii Contact Information xviii

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Introduction 1–2 L100 Inverter Specifications 1–5 Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives 1–17 Frequently Asked Questions 1–22

Chapter 2: Inverter Mounting and Installation

Orientation to Inverter Features 2–2 Basic System Description 2–5 Step-by-Step Basic Installation 2–6 Powerup Test 2–19 Using the Front Panel Keypad 2–21

Chapter 3: Configuring Drive Parameters

Choosing a Programming Device 3–2 Using Keypad Devices 3–3 “D” Group: Monitoring Functions 3–6 “F” Group: Main Profile Parameters 3–8 “A” Group: Standard Functions 3–9 “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions 3–22 “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions 3–32

xvi

Chapter 4: Operations and Monitoring

Introduction 4–2 Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices 4–4 Example Wiring Diagram 4–5 Using Intelligent Input Terminals 4–8 Using Intelligent Output Terminals 4–21 Analog Input Operation 4–29 Analog and Digital Monitor Output 4–30 PID Loop Operation 4–32 Configuring the Inverter for Multiple Motors 4–33

Chapter 5: Inverter System Accessories

Introduction 5–2 Component Descriptions 5–3 Dynamic Braking 5–5

Chapter 6: Troubleshooting and Maintenance

Troubleshooting 6–2 Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions 6–5 Restoring Factory Default Settings 6–8 Maintenance and Inspection 6–9 Warranty 6–16

Appendix A: Glossary and Bibliography

Glossary A–2 Bibliography A–8

Appendix B: Drive Parameter Settings Tables

Introduction B–2 Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry B–2

Appendix C: CE–EMC Installation Guidelines

CE–EMC Installation Guidelines C–2 Hitachi EMC Recommendations C–6

Index

Revisions

Revision History Table

L100 Inverter

xvii

No. Revision Comments Date of Issue

Initial Release of Manual NB576X May 1999 NB576X

1 Revision A

Pages 1-4 – Specs tables: added row for input current, changed rated input voltage tolerance, corrected dynamic braking %torque, corrected product weight (lbs) Page 2-8 – Corrected H dimension for -002 models

2 Revision B

Updated company name on cover, contact page, and nameplate photo Updated text, figures, and tables throughout manual per technical corrections or usability improvements Pages xii to xiv – Added UL Instructions Page xviii – Contact page update Pages 1-5 to 1-8 – Added watt loss, efficiency data to tables Pages 1-10 to 1-15 – Added derating graphs Page 2-16 – Added power terminal diagrams Page 4-5 – Added system wiring diagram Page 4-7 – Added terminal index listing Page 4-8 – Added input terminal wiring diagrams Page 4-21 – Added output terminal wiring diagrams Pages 5-5 to 5-7 – Added braking tables and figures Page 6-10 – Added megger test procedure and figure Page 6-15 – Added IGBT test method, figure, and table Pages C-1 to C-6 – Added appendix on CE-EMC Removed DOP+ info from Ch3 and Appendix B

August 1999 NB576XA

May 2002 NB576XB

Operation

Manual No.

3 Revision C

Minor corrections throughout

Nov. 2002 NB576XC

xviii

Contact Information

Hitachi America, Ltd. Power and Industrial Division 50 Prospect Avenue Tarrytown, NY 10591 U.S.A. Phone: +1-914-631-0600 Fax: +1-914-631-3672

Hitachi Europe GmbH Am Seestern 18 D-40547 Düsseldorf Germany Phone: +49-211-5283-0 Fax: +49-211-5283-649

Hitachi Asia Ltd. 16 Collyer Quay #20-00 Hitachi Tower, Singapore 049318 Singapore Phone: +65-538-6511 Fax: +65-538-9011

Hitachi Australia Ltd. Level 3, 82 Waterloo Road North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113 Australia Phone: +61-2-9888-4100 Fax: +61-2-9888-4188

Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co, Ltd. International Sales Department WBG MARIVE WEST 16F 6, Nakase 2-chome Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261-7116 Japan Phone: +81-43-390-3516 Fax: +81-43-390-3810

Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co, Ltd. Narashino Division 1-1, Higashi-Narashino 7-chome Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-8611 Japan Phone: +81-47-474-9921 Fax: +81-47-476-9517

Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. 7th Floor, North Tower World Finance Centre, Harbour City Canton Road, Tsimshatsui, Kowloon Hong Kong Phone: +852-2735-9218 Fax: +852-2735-6793

NOTE: To receive technical support for the Hitachi inverter you purchased, contact the Hitachi inverter dealer from whom you purchased the unit, or the sales office or factory contact listed above. Please be prepared to provide the following inverter nameplate information:

1. Model

2. Date of purchase

3. Manufacturing number (MFG No.)

4. Symptoms of any inverter problem If any inverter nameplate information is illegible, please provide your Hitachi contact with any other legible nameplate items. To reduce unpredictable downtime, we recommend that you stock a spare inverter.

Getting Started

In This Chapter.... page

— Introduction ..................................................... 2

— L100 Inverter Specifications ............................ 5

— Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives .... 17

— Frequently Asked Questions ......................... 22

1–2

Getting Started

Introduction

Main Features

Congratulations on your purchase of an L100 Series Hitachi inverter! This inverter drive features state-of-the-art circuitry and components to provide high performance. The housing footprint is exceptionally small, given the size of the corresponding motor. The Hitachi L100 product line includes more than a dozen inverter models to cover motor sizes from 1/4 horsepower to 10 horsepower, in either 230 VAC or 460 VAC power input versions. The main features are:

• 200V and 400V Class inverters

• UL or CE version available

• V/f (volts-per-hertz) control algorithm, select-

able for either constant or reduced torque loads

• Convenient keypad for parameter settings

• Built-in RS-422 communications interface to

allow configuration from a PC and for field bus external modules.

• Sixteen programmable speed levels

• Two-step acceleration and deceleration curves

• PID control adjusts motor speed automatically to maintain a process variable value

The design in Hitachi inverters overcomes many of the traditional trade-offs between speed, torque and efficiency. The performance characteristics are:

• Output frequency range from 0.5 to 360 Hz

• Continuous operation at 100% torque within a 1:10 speed range (6/60 Hz / 5/50 Hz)

without motor derating

Model L100-002NFU

L100 Inverter

A full line of accessories from Hitachi is available to complete your application:

• Digital remote operator keypad

• Dynamic braking unit

• Radio noise filters, CE compliance filters, and EMI filters (shown below)

• DIN rail mounting adapter (35mm rail size)

EMI Filter

1–3

Getting Started

Operator Interface Options

The optional SRW-0EX digital operator / copy unit is shown to the right. It has the additional capability of reading (uploading) the parameter settings in the inverter into its memory. Then you can connect the copy unit on another inverter and write (download) the parameter settings into that inverter. OEMs will find this unit particularly useful, as one can use a single copy unit to transfer parameter settings from one inverter to many.

Other digital operator interfaces may be available from your Hitachi distributor for particular industries or international markets. Contact your Hitachi distributor for further details.

Digital Operator / Copy Unit

1–4

Getting Started

Introduction

Inverter Specifications Label

The Hitachi L100 inverters have product labels located on the right side of the housing, as pictured below. Be sure to verify that the specifications on the labels match your power source, motor, and application safety requirements.

Regulatory agency approvals

Specifications label

Inverter model number

Motor capacity for this model

Power Input Rating: frequency, voltage, phase, current

Output Rating: Frequency, voltage, current

Manufacturing codes: Lot number, date, etc.

Model Number Convention

The model number for a specific inverter contains useful information about its operating characteristics. Refer to the model number legend below:

L100 004 H F U 5

Series name

Version number (_, 1, 2, ...)

Restricted distribution: E=Europe, U=USA

Configuration type F = with digital operator (keypad)

Input voltage: N = single or three-phase 200V class H = three-phase 400V class L = three phase only, 200V class

Applicable motor capacity in kW

002 = 0.2 kW 004 = 0.4 kW 005 = 0.55 kW 007 = 0.75 kW 011 = 1.1 kW 015 = 1.5 kW

022 = 2.2 kW 030 = 3.0 kW 037 = 3.7 kW 040 = 4.0 kW 055 = 5.5 kW 075 = 7.5 kW

L100 Inverter

1–5

L100 Inverter Specifications

Model-specific tables for 200V and 400V class inverters

The following tables are specific to L100 inverters for the 200V and 400V class model groups. Note that “ groups. Footnotes for all specifications tables follow the table below.

Item 200V Class Specifications

L100 inverters, 200V models

Applicable motor size *2 kW 0.2 0.4 0.55 0.75 1.1

Rated capacity (240V) kVA *10 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0

Rated input voltage 1-phase: 200 to 240V +5/-10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%,

Rated input current (A)

Rated output voltage *3 3-phase: 200 to 240V (corresponding to input voltage)

CE version 002NFE 004NFE 005NFE 007NFE 011NFE

UL version 002NFU 004NFU — 007NFU —

1-phase 3.1 5.8 6.7 9.0 11.2

3-phase 1.8 3.4 3.9 5.2 6.5

General Specifications” on page 1–9 apply to both voltage class

HP 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/2

3-phase: 200 to 240V +5/-10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%,

(037LFU, 055LFU & 075LFU 3-phase only)

Getting Started

Rated output current (A) 1.4 2.6 3.0 4.0 5.0

Efficiency at 100% rated output (%) 91.5 92.8 93.6 94.1 95.4

Watt loss, approximate (W)

Braking Dynamic

Weight kg 0.85 0.85 1.3 1.3 2.2

at 70% output 13 21 25 31 38

at 100% output 17 29 32 41 51

100%: ≤ 50 Hz,

braking, approx. % torque, (short time stop from 50 / 60 Hz) *5

DC braking Variable operating frequency, time, and braking force

lb 1.87 1.87 2.87 2.87 4.85

Capacitive feedback type, dynamic braking unit and braking

resistor optional, individually installed

50%: ≤ 60 Hz

1–6

Getting Started

L100 Inverter Specifications

Footnotes for the preceding table and the tables that follow:

Note 1: The protection method conforms to JEM 1030. Note 2: The applicable motor refers to Hitachi standard 3-phase motor (4-pole). When

using other motors, care must be taken to prevent the rated motor current (50/ 60 Hz) from exceeding the rated output current of the inverter.

Note 3: The output voltage decreases as the main supply voltage decreases (except

when using the AVR function). In any case, the output voltage cannot exceed the input power supply voltage.

Note 4: To operate the motor beyond 50/60 Hz, consult the motor manufacturer for

the maximum allowable rotation speed.

Note 5: The braking torque via capacitive feedback is the average deceleration torque

at the shortest deceleration (stopping from 50/60 Hz as indicated). It is not continuous regenerative braking torque. The average deceleration torque varies with motor loss. This value decreases when operating beyond 50 Hz. Note that a braking unit is not included in the inverter. If a large regenerative torque is required, the optional regenerative braking unit should be used.

Note 6: The frequency command is the maximum frequency at 9.8V for input voltage

0 to 10 VDC, or at 19.6 mA for input current 4 to 20 mA. If this characteristic is not satisfactory for your application, contact your Hitachi sales representative.

Note 7: If operating the inverter in an ambient temperature of 40–50

carrier frequency to 2.1 kHz, derate the output current by 80%, and remove the top housing cover. Note that removing the top cover will nullify the NEMA rating for the inverter housing.

Note 8: The storage temperature refers to the short-term temperature during transport. Note 9: Conforms to the test method specified in JIS C0911 (1984). For the model

types excluded in the standard specifications, contact your Hitachi sales representative.

Note 10: The input voltage of xxLFU is 230V.

° C, reduce the

L100 Inverter Specifications, continued...

Item 200V Class Specifications, continued

L100 Inverter

1–7

Getting Started

L100 inverters, 200V models

Applicable motor size *2 kW 1.5 2.2 3.7 5.5 7.5

Rated capacity (240V) kVA *10 2.9 4.1 6.3 9.6 12.7

Rated input voltage 1-phase: 200 to 240V +5%/–10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%,

Rated input current (A)

Rated output voltage *3 3-phase: 200 to 240V (corresponding to input voltage)

Rated output current (A) 7.1 10.0 15.9 24 32

Efficiency at 100% rated output (%) 95.3 95.6 95.5 96.1 96.2

Watt loss, approximate (W)

Braking Dynamic

CE version 015NFE 022NFE — — —

UL version 015NFU 022NFU 037LFU 055LFU 075LFU

HP 2 3 5 7.5 10

3-phase: 200 to 240V +5%/–10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%,

(037LFU, 055LFU & 075LFU 3-phase only)

1-phase 16.0 22.5 — — —

3-phase 9.3 13.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

at 70% output 50 71 118 152 204

at 100% output 70 97 166 216 288

braking, approx. % torque, (short time stop from 50 / 60 Hz) *5

100%: ≤ 50Hz

50%: ≤ 60Hz

Capacitive feedback type, dynamic braking unit and braking

resistor optional, individually installed

40%: ≤ 50Hz 20%: ≤ 60Hz

20%: ≤ 50Hz 20%: ≤ 60Hz

DC braking Variable operating frequency, time, and braking force

Weight kg 2.2 2.8 2.8 5.5 5.7

lb 4.85 6.17 6.17 12.13 12.57

1–8

L100 Inverter Specifications

Item 400V Class Specifications

Getting Started

L100 inverters, 400V models

Applicable motor size *2 kW 0.4 0.75 1.5 2.2

Rated capacity (460V) kVA *10 1.1 1.9 3.0 4.3

Rated input voltage 3-phase: 380 to 460V ±10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%

Rated input current (A) 2.0 3.3 5.0 7.0

Rated output voltage *3 3-phase: 380 to 460V (corresponding to input voltage)

Rated output current (A) 1.5 2.5 3.8 5.5

Efficiency at 100% rated output (%) 92.0 93.7 95.7 95.8

Watt loss, approximate (W)

Braking Dynamic

CE version 004HFE 007HFE 015HFE 022HFE

UL version 004HFU 007HFU 015HFU 022HFU

HP 1/2 1 2 3

at 70% output 25 33 48 68

at 100% output 32 44 65 92

100%: ≤ 50Hz

braking, approx. % torque, (short time, stopping from 50 / 60 Hz) *5

DC braking Variable operating frequency, time, and braking force

Capacitive feedback type, dynamic braking unit and braking

50%: ≤ 60Hz

resistor optional, individually installed

40%: ≤ 50Hz,

20%: ≤ 60Hz

Weight kg 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.8

lb 2.87 3.75 3.75 6.17

L100 Inverter

1–9

Item 400V Class Specifications, continued

L100 inverters, 400V models

Applicable motor size *2 kW 3.0 4.0 5.5 7.5

Rated capacity (460V) kVA *10 6.2 6.8 10.4 12.7

Rated input voltage 3-phase: 380 to 460V ±10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%

Rated input current (A) 10.0 11.0 16.5 20.0

Rated output voltage *3 3-phase: 380 to 460V (corresponding to input voltage)

Rated output current (A) 7.8 8.6 13 16

Efficiency at 100% rated output (%) 95.4 96.2 96.0 96.5

Watt loss, approximate (W)

Braking Dynamic

CE version 030HFE 040HFE 055HFE 075HFE

UL version — 040HFU 055HFU 075HFU

HP 4 5 7.5 10

at 70% output 100 108 156 186

at 100% output 138 151 219 261

braking, approx. % torque, (short time stop from 50 / 60 Hz) *5

40%: ≤ 50Hz,

20%: ≤ 60Hz

Capacitive feedback type, dynamic braking unit and braking

resistor optional, individually installed

20%: ≤ 50Hz 20%: ≤ 60Hz

Getting Started

DC braking Variable operating frequency, time, and braking force

Weight kg 2.8 2.8 5.5 5.7

lb 6.17 6.17 12.13 12.57

General Specifications

The following table applies to all L100 inverters.

Item General Specifications

Protective housing *1 IP20

Control method Sine wave pulse-width modulation (PWM) control

Output frequency range *4 0.5 to 360 Hz

Frequency accuracy Digital command: 0.01% of the maximum frequency

Analog command: 0.1% of the maximum frequency (25°C ± 10°C)

Frequency setting resolution Digital: 0.1 Hz; Analog: max. frequency/1000

Volt./Freq. characteristic V/f optionally variable, V/f control (constant torque, reduced torque)

Overload current rating 150%, 60 seconds

Acceleration/deceleration time 0.1 to 3000 sec., (linear accel/decel), second accel/decel setting

available

1–10

L100 Inverter Specifications

Item General Specifications

Getting Started

Input signal

Output signal

Alarm output contact ON for inverter alarm (1C contacts, both normally open or closed

Other functions AVR function, curved accel/decel profile, upper and lower limiters,

Freq. setting

FWD/ REV Run

Intelligent input terminal

Intelligent output terminal

Frequency monitor PWM output; Select analog output frequency monitor, analog output

Operator panel Up and Down keys / Value settings

Potentiometer Analog setting

External signal *60 to 10 VDC (input impedance 10k Ohms), 4 to 20 mA (input

impedance 250 Ohms), Potentiometer (1k to 2k Ohms, 2W)

Operator panel Run/Stop (Forward/Reverse run change by command)

External signal Forward run/stop, Reverse run/stop

FW (forward run command), RV (reverse run command), CF1~CF4 (multi-stage speed setting), JG (jog command), 2CH (2-stage accel./ decel. command), FRS (free run stop command), EXT (external trip), USP (startup function), SFT (soft lock), AT (analog current input select signal), RS (reset), PTC (thermal protection)

RUN (run status signal), FA1,2 (frequency arrival signal), OL (overload advance notice signal), OD (PID error deviation signal), AL (alarm signal)

current monitor or digital output frequency monitor

avail.)

16-stage speed profile, fine adjustment of start frequency, carrier frequency change (0.5 to 16 kHz) frequency jump, gain and bias setting, process jogging, electronic thermal level adjustment, retry function, trip history monitor

Protective function Over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage, overload, extreme high/

low temperature, CPU error, memory error, ground fault detection at startup, internal communication error, electronic thermal

Operating Environ ment

Coating color Light purple, cooling fins in base color of aluminum

Options Remote operator unit, copy unit, cables for the units, dynamic

Temperature Operating (ambient): -10 to 50°C (*7) / Storage: -25 to 70°C (*8)

Humidity 20 to 90% humidity (non-condensing)

Vibration *9

Location Altitude 1,000 m or less, indoors (no corrosive gasses or dust)

5.9 m/s

braking unit, braking resistor, AC reactor, DC reactor, noise filter, DIN rail mounting

(0.6G), 10 to 55 Hz

Derating Curves

The maximum available inverter current output is limited by the carrier frequency and ambient temperature. The carrier frequency is the inverter’s internal power switching frequency, settable from 0.5 kHz to 16 kHz. Choosing a higher carrier frequency tends to decrease audible noise, but it also increases the internal heating of the inverter, thus decreasing (derating) the maximum current output capability. Ambient temperature is the temperature just outside the inverter housing—such as inside the control cabinet where the inverter is mounted. A higher ambient temperature decreases (derates) the inverter’s maximum current output capacity.

Use the following derating curves to help determine the optimal carrier frequency setting for your inverter, and to find the output current derating. Be sure to use the proper curve for your particular L100 inverter model number.

Legend:

L100–002NFE/NFU

L100 Inverter

1–11

Getting Started

Standard ratings at 40°C

Ratings at 50°C max. with top cover removed

Ratings at 55°C max. with top cover removed

100%

% of rated

output current

L100–004NFE/NFU

% of rated

output current

95%

90%

85%

80%

75%

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

100%

95%

90%

85%

kHz

80%

75%

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

kHz

1–12

L100 Inverter Specifications

Derating curves, continued...

L100–007NFE/NFU

100%

95%

90%

Getting Started

% of rated

output current

L100–0015NFE/NFU

100%

% of rated

output current

85%

80%

75%

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

95%

90%

85%

80%

75%

kHz

L100–022NFE/NFU

% of rated

output current

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

100%

95%

90%

85%

80%

75%

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

kHz

Derating curves, continued...

L100–037LF/LFU

100%

90%

80%

L100 Inverter

1–13

Getting Started

% of rated

output current

L100–055LFU

% of rated

output current

70%

60%

50%

40%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

100%

95%

90%

85%

80%

75%

kHz

L100–075LFU

% of rated

output current

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

100%

95%

90%

85%

80%

75%

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

kHz

1–14

L100 Inverter Specifications

Derating curves, continued...

L100–004HFE/HFU

100%

90%

80%

Getting Started

% of rated

output current

L100–007HFE/HFU

% of rated

output current

70%

60%

50%

40%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

kHz

L100–015HFE/HFU

% of rated

output current

40%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

kHz

Derating curves, continued...

L100–022HFE/HFU

100%

90%

80%

L100 Inverter

1–15

Getting Started

% of rated

output current

L100–040HFE/HFU

% of rated

output current

70%

60%

50%

40%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

kHz

L100–055HFE/HFU

% of rated

output current

40%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

100%

95%

90%

85%

80%

75%

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

kHz

1–16

L100 Inverter Specifications

Derating curves, continued...

L100–075HFE/HFU

100%

95%

90%

Getting Started

% of rated

output current

85%

80%

75%

70%

0.5246810121416

Carrier frequency

kHz

L100 Inverter

1–17

Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives

The Purpose of Motor Speed Control for Industry

Hitachi inverters provide speed control for 3-phase AC induction motors. You connect AC power to the inverter, and connect the inverter to the motor. Many applications benefit from a motor with variable speed, in several ways:

• Energy savings - HVAC

• Need to coordinate speed with an adjacent process—textiles and printing presses

• Need to control acceleration and deceleration (torque)

• Sensitive loads - elevators, food processing, pharmaceuticals

What is an Inverter?

The term inverter and variable-frequency drive are related and somewhat interchange- able. An electronic motor drive for an AC motor can control the motor’s speed by varying the frequency of the power sent to the motor.

An inverter, in general, is a device that converts DC power to AC power. The figure below shows how the variable-frequency drive employs an internal inverter. The drive first converts incoming AC power to DC through a rectifier bridge, creating an internal DC bus voltage. Then the inverter circuit converts the DC back to AC again to power the motor. The special inverter can vary its output frequency and voltage according to the desired motor speed.

Getting Started

Power

Input

The simplified drawing of the inverter shows three double-throw switches. In Hitachi inverters, the switches are actually IGBTs (isolated gate bipolar transistors). Using a commutation algorithm, the microprocessor in the drive switches the IGBTs on and off at a very high speed to create the desired output waveforms. The inductance of the motor windings helps smooth out the pulses.

Con-

Rectifier

Variable-frequency Drive

Internal DC Bus

Inverter

–

Motor

U/T1

V/T2

W/T3

1–18

Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives

Torque and Constant Volts/Hertz Operation

Getting Started

In the past, AC variable speed drives used an open loop (scalar) technique to control speed. The constant-volts-per-hertz operation maintains a constant ratio between the applied voltage and the applied frequency. With these conditions, AC induction motors inherently delivered constant torque across the operating speed range. For some applications, this scalar technique was adequate.

Today, with the advent of sophisticated microprocessors and digital signal processors (DSPs), it is possible to control the speed and torque of AC induction motors with unprecedented accuracy. The L100 utilizes these devices to perform complex mathematical calculations required to achieve superior performance. You can choose various torque curves to fit the needs of your application. Constant torque applies the same torque level across the frequency (speed) range. Variable torque, also called reduced torque, lowers the torque delivered at mid-level frequencies. A torque boost setting will add additional torque in the lower half of the frequency range for the constant and variable torque curves. With the free-setting torque curve feature, you can specify a series of data points that will define a custom torque curve to fit your application.

Inverter Input and Three-Phase Power

Output

voltage

Constant torque

Output frequency

100%

The Hitachi L100 Series of inverters includes two sub-groups: the 200V class and the 400V class inverters. The drives described in this manual may be used in either the United States or Europe, although the exact voltage level for commercial power may be slightly different from country to country. Accordingly, a 200V class inverter requires (nominal) 200 to 240VAC, and a 400V class inverter requires from 380 to 460VAC. Some 200V class inverters will accept single-phase or three-phase power, but all 400V class inverters require a three-phase power supply.

TIP: If your application only has single phase power available, refer to L100 inverters of 3HP or less; they can accept single phase input power.

The common terminology for single phase power is Line (L) and Neutral (N). Threephase power connections are usually labeled Line 1 (L1), Line 2 (L2) and Line 3 (L3). In any case, the power source should include an earth ground connection. That ground connection will need to connect to the inverter chassis and to the motor frame (see “

the Inverter Output to Motor” on page 2–18).

Wire

Inverter Output to the Motor

The AC motor must be connected only to the inverter’s output terminals. The output terminals are uniquely labeled (to differentiate them from the input terminals) with the designations U/T1, V/T2, and W/T3. This corresponds to typical motor lead connection designations T1, T2, and T3. It is often not necessary to connect a particular inverter output to a particular motor lead for a new application. The consequence of swapping any two of the three connections is the reversal of the motor direction. In applications where reversed rotation could cause equipment damage or personnel injury, be sure to verify direction of rotation before attempting full-speed operation. For safety to personnel, you must connect the motor chassis ground to the ground connection at the bottom of the inverter housing.

Notice the three connections to the motor do not include one marked “Neutral” or “Return.” The motor represents a balanced “Y” impedance to the inverter, so there is no need for a separate return. In other words, each of the three “Hot” connections serves also as a return for the other connections, because of their phase relationship.

L100 Inverter

3-Phase AC Motor

U/T1

W/T3

1–19

Getting Started

V/T2

Earth

GND

The Hitachi inverter is a rugged and reliable device. The intention is for the inverter to assume the role of controlling power to the motor during all normal operations. Therefore, this manual instructs you not to switch off power to the inverter while the motor is running (unless it is an emergency stop). Also, do not install or use disconnect switches in the wiring from the inverter to the motor (except thermal disconnect). Of course, safety-related devices such as fuses must be in the design to break power during a malfunction, as required by NEC and local codes.

1–20

Intelligent Functions and Parameters

Getting Started

Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives

Much of this manual is devoted to describing how to use inverter functions and how to configure inverter parameters. The inverter is microprocessor-controlled, and has many independent functions. The microprocessor has an on-board EEPROM for parameter storage. The inverter’s front panel keypad provides access to all functions and parameters, which you can access through other devices as well. The general name for all these devices is the digital operator, or digital operator panel. Chapter 2 will show you how to get a motor running, using a minimal set of function commands or configuring parameters.

The optional read/write programmer will let you read and write inverter EEPROM contents from the programmer. This feature is particularly useful for OEMs who need to duplicate a particular inverter’s settings in many other inverters in assembly-line fashion.

Braking

In general, braking is a force that attempts to slow or stop motor rotation. So it is associated with motor deceleration, but may also occur even when the load attempts to drive the motor faster than the desired speed (overhauling). If you need the motor and load to decelerate quicker than their natural deceleration during coasting, we recommend installing an optional dynamic braking unit. See “

“

Dynamic Braking” on page 5–5 for more information on the BRD–E2 and BRD–EZ2

braking units. The L100 inverter sends excess motor energy into a resistor in the dynamic braking unit to slow the motor and load. For loads that continuously overhaul the motor for extended periods of time, the L100 may not be suitable (contact your Hitachi distributor).

The inverter parameters include acceleration and deceleration, which you can set to match the needs of the application. For a particular inverter, motor, and load, there will be a range of practically achievable accelerations and decelerations.

Introduction” on page 5–2 and

Velocity Profiles

The L100 inverter is capable of sophisticated speed control. A graphical representation of that capability will help you understand and configure the associated parameters. This manual makes use of the velocity profile graph used in industry (shown at right). In the example, acceleration is a ramp to a set speed, and deceleration is a decline to a stop.

Acceleration and deceleration settings specify the time required to go from a stop to maximum frequency (or visa versa). The resulting slope (speed change divided by time) is the acceleration or deceleration. An increase in output frequency uses the acceleration slope, while a decrease uses the deceleration slope. The accel or decel time a particular speed change depends on the starting and ending frequencies. However, the slope is constant, corresponding to the full-scale accel or decel time setting. For example, the full-scale acceleration setting (time) may be 10 seconds—the time required to go from 0 to 60 Hz.

Speed

L100 Inverter

1–21

Getting Started

Set speed

Accel Decel

Velocity Profile

Maximum speed

Acceleration

(time setting)

The L100 inverter can store up to 16 preset speeds. And, it can apply separate acceleration and deceleration transitions from any preset to any other preset speed. A multi-speed profile (shown at right) uses two or more preset speeds, which you can select via intelligent input terminals. This external control can

Speed

Speed 2

Speed 1

Multi-speed Profile

apply any preset speed at any time. Alternatively, the selected speed is infinitely variable across the speed range. You can use the potentiometer control on the keypad for manual control. The drive accepts analog 0-10V signals and 4-20 mA control signals as well.

The inverter can drive the motor in either direction. Separate FW and RV commands

Speed

Forward move

select the direction of rotation. The motion profile example shows a forward motion followed by a reverse motion of shorter duration. The speed presets and analog signals

Reverse move

control the magnitude of the speed, while the FWD and REV commands determine the

Bi-directional Profile

direction before the motion starts.

NOTE: The L100 can move loads in both directions. However, it is not designed for use in servo-type applications that use a bipolar velocity signal that determines direction.

1–22

Frequently Asked Questions

Getting Started

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. What is the main advantage in using an inverter to drive a motor, compared to

alternative solutions?

A. An inverter can vary the motor speed with very little loss of efficiency,

unlike mechanical or hydraulic speed control solutions. The resulting energy savings usually pays for the inverter in a relatively short time.

Q. The term “inverter” is a little confusing, since we also use “drive” and “amplifier”

to describe the electronic unit that controls a motor. What does “inverter” mean?

A. The terms inverter, drive, and amplifier are used somewhat interchangeably

in industry. Nowadays, the terms drive, variable-frequency drive, variable- speed drive, and inverter are generally used to describe electronic, microprocessor-based motor speed controllers. In the past, variable-speed drive also referred to various mechanical means to vary speed. Amplifier is a term almost exclusively used to describe drives for servo or stepper motors.

Q. Although the L100 inverter is a variable speed drive, can I use it in a fixed-speed

application?

A. Yes, sometimes an inverter can be used simply as a “soft-start” device,

providing controlled acceleration and deceleration to a fixed speed. Other functions of the L100 may be useful in such applications, as well. However, using a variable speed drive can benefit many types of industrial and commercial motor applications, by providing controlled acceleration and deceleration, high torque at low speeds, and energy savings over alternative solutions.

Q. Can I use an inverter and AC induction motor in a positioning application?

A. That depends on the required precision, and the slowest speed the motor will

must turn and still deliver torque. If you set the torque boost, the L100 can develop starting torque at 100% of its rating. However, DO NOT use an inverter if you need the motor to stop and hold the load position without the aid of a mechanical brake (use a servo or stepper motion control system).

Q. Does the optional digital operator interface or the PC software (DOP Professional)

provide features beyond what is available from the keypad on the unit?

A. Yes. However, note first that the same set of parameters and functions are

equally accessible from either the unit’s keypad or from remote devices. The DOP Professional PC software lets you save or load inverter configurations to or from a disk file. And, the hand-held digital operator provides hardwired terminals, a safety requirement for some installations.

L100 Inverter

Q. Why does the manual or other documentation use terminology such as “200V

class” instead of naming the actual voltage, such as “230 VAC?”

A. A specific inverter model is set at the factory to work across a voltage range

particular to the destination country for that model. The model specifications are on the label on the side of the inverter. A European 200V class inverter (“EU” marking) has different parameter settings than a USA 200V class inverter (“US” marking). The initialization procedure (see “

Factory Default Settings” on page 6–8) can set up the inverter for European

or US commercial voltage ranges.

Q. Why doesn’t the motor have a neutral connection as a return to the inverter?

A. The motor theoretically represents a “balanced Y” load if all three stator

windings have the same impedance. The Y connection allows each of the three wires to alternately serve as input or return on alternate half-cycles.

Q. Does the motor need a chassis ground connection?

A. Yes, for several reasons. Most importantly, this provides protection in the

event of a short in the motor that puts a hazardous voltage on its housing. Secondly, motors exhibit leakage currents that increase with aging. Lastly, a grounded chassis generally emits less electrical noise than an ungrounded one.

Restoring

1–23

Getting Started

Q. What type of motor is compatible with the Hitachi inverters?

A. Motor type – It must be a three-phase AC induction motor. Use an inverter-

grade motor that has 800V insulation for 200V class inverters, or 1600V insulation for 400V class. Motor size – In practice, it’s better to find the right size motor for your application; then look for the inverter to match the motor.

NOTE: There may be other factors that will affect motor selection, including heat dissipation, motor operating speed profile, enclosure type, and cooling method.

Q. How many poles should the motor have?

A. Hitachi inverters can be configured to operate motors with 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles.

The greater the number of poles, the slower the top motor speed will be, but it will have higher torque at the base speed.

Q. Will I be able to add dynamic (resistive) braking to my Hitachi L100 drive after

the initial installation?

A. Yes. You can connect a dynamic braking unit to the L100 inverter. The

resistor in the braking unit must be sized to meet the braking requirements. More information on dynamic braking is located in Chapter 5.

1–24

Getting Started

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. How will I know if my application will require resistive braking?

A. For new applications, it may be difficult to tell before you actually test a

motor/drive solution. In general, some applications can rely on system losses such as friction to serve as the decelerating force, or otherwise can tolerate a long deceleration time. These applications will not need dynamic braking. However, applications with a combination of a high-inertia load and a required short decel time will need dynamic braking. This is a physics question that may be answered either empirically or through extensive calculations.

Q. Several options related to electrical noise suppression are available for the Hitachi

inverters. How can I know if my application will require any of these options?

A. The purpose of these noise filters is to reduce the inverter electrical noise so

the operation of nearby electrical devices is not affected. Some applications are governed by particular regulatory agencies, and noise suppression is mandatory. In those cases, the inverter must have the corresponding noise filter installed. Other applications may not need noise suppression, unless you notice electrical interference with the operation of other devices.

Q. The L100 features a PID loop feature. PID loops are usually associated with

chemical processes, heating, or process industries in general. How could the PID loop feature be useful in my application?

A. You will need to determine the particular main variable in your application

the motor affects. That is the process variable (PV) for the motor. Over time, a faster motor speed will cause a faster change in the PV than a slow motor speed will. By using the PID loop feature, the inverter commands the motor to run at the optimal speed required to maintain the PV at the desired value for current conditions. Using the PID loop feature will require an additional sensor and other wiring, and is considered an advanced application.

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

In This Chapter.... page

— Orientation to Inverter Features ...................... 2

— Basic System Description ............................... 5

— Step-by-Step Basic Installation........................ 6

— Powerup Test ................................................ 19

— Using the Front Panel Keypad ...................... 21

2–2

Orientation to Inverter Features

Unpacking and Inspection

Please take a few moments to unpack your new L100 inverter and perform these steps:

1. Look for any damage that may have occurred during shipping.

2. Verify the contents of the box include:

a. One L100 inverter

b. One Instruction Manual with self-adhesive label for the inverter

c. One L100 Quick Reference Guide

d. One packet of desiccant—discard (not for human consumption)

3. Inspect the specifications label on the side of the inverter. Make sure it matches the

product part number you ordered.

Main Physical Features

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

The L100 Series inverters vary in size according to the current output rating and motor size for each model number. All feature the same basic keypad and connector interface for consistent ease of use. The inverter construction has a heat sink at the back of the housing. The larger models include a fan(s) to enhance heat sink performance. The mounting holes are pre-drilled in the heat sink for your convenience. Never touch the heat sink during or just after operation; it can be very hot.

The electronics housing and front panel are built onto the front of the heat sink. The front panel has three levels of physical access designed for convenience and safety:

• First-level access – for basic use of inverter and editing parameters (power ON)

• Second-level access – for editing parameters and wiring control signals (power ON)

• Third-level access – for wiring the inverter power supply or motor (power OFF)

1. First-level Access - View the unit just as it

came from the box as shown. The four-digit display can show a variety of performance parameters. LEDs indicate whether the display units are Hertz or Amperes. Other LEDs indicate Power (external), and Run/ Stop Mode and Program/Monitor Mode status. Membrane keys Run and Stop/Reset, and a Min/Max frequency control knob control motor operation. These controls and indicators are usually the only ones needed after the inverter installation is complete. You can also access the modular jack for connecting a programming or monitoring device such as a PC (see Chapter 3). And, you can access the two chassis GND screws on the metal tab at the bottom of the inverter.

L100 Inverter

2. Second-level access - Locate the lift tab at the right lower corner of the front panel

near the safety warning message. Lift the corner to swing the half-door around to the left. This exposes four more control buttons and some connectors. The FUNC., , , and STR keys allow an operator to access and change the inverter’s functions and parameter values. The 7 and 8-position connectors provide the interface for logic-level control signals. These signals are generally low-voltage in nature and are appropriate for second-level access.

Controls for mode

and parameter

changes

2–3

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

Lift tab for

opening door

Locate the label sheet that came with the manual. This is a good moment to apply the self-sticking labels as shown below. Adhere the larger label for monitor codes and basic functions to the rear of the half-door panel. Then adhere the remaining trip code label to the area beside the connectors. Be careful not to cover the screw access on models like the one shown.

Control signal

connectors

2–4

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Orientation to Inverter Features

3. Third-level access - First, ensure no power

source of any kind is connected to the inverter. If power has been connected, wait five minutes after powerdown and verify the Power LED is OFF to proceed. Then locate the recessed retention screw on the left side main front panel (it is along the left hinge area on some models, or behind the first access door on others). Use a small screwdriver (Regular or Phillips) to loosen the screw. Swing the door around to the right to reveal the internal components of the drive. The two-level tiered 12-position terminal block accepts wires for the power input and wires to the motor.

Notice the housing partition that lifts out to allow full access to the terminals for wiring as shown. Never operate the inverter drive with the partition removed or the full access door opened. The alarm circuit connections are accessible on the 3-position connector near the modular connector on the rear of the main panel door. The nearby relay provides both normallyopen and normally-closed logic for interface to an external alarm. The alarm circuit may carry hazardous live voltages even when the main power to the inverter is OFF. So, never directly touch any terminal or circuit component. A notch in the removable partition serves as the exit path for alarm circuit wiring.

Retention screw

Alarm

connector

Housing partition

The following sections will describe the system design and guide you through a step-by-step installation process. After the section on wiring, this chapter will show how to use the front panel keys to access functions and edit parameters.

Power and motor

connector terminals

Basic System Description

A motor control system will obviously include a motor and inverter, as well as a breaker or fuses for safety. If you are connecting a motor to the inverter on a test bench just to get started, that’s all you may need for now. But a system can also have a variety of additional components. Some can be for noise suppression, while others may enhance the inverter’s braking performance. The figure and table below show a system with all the optional components you may need in your finished application.

From power supply

L100 Inverter

2–5

L1 L2 L3

Inverter

GND

T1 T2 T3

Motor

Thermal

switch

Breaker,

MCCB or

GFI

Name Function

Breaker / disconnect

Input-side AC Reactor

Radio noise filter Electrical noise interference may occur on nearby

EMI filter (for CE applications, see Appendix D)

Radio noise filter (use in non-CE applications)

DC link choke Suppresses harmonics generated by the inverter.

Braking resistor This is useful for increasing the inverter’s control

Radio noise filter Electrical noise interference may occur on nearby

Output-side AC reactor

LCR filter Sine wave shaping filter for output side.

A molded-case circuit breaker (MCCB), ground fault interrupter (GFI), or a fused disconnect device. NOTE: The installer must refer to the NEC and local codes to ensure safety and compliance.

This is useful in suppressing harmonics induced on the power supply lines and for improving the power factor. WARNING: Some applications must use an input- side AC reactor to prevent inverter damage. See Warning on next page.

equipment such as a radio receiver. This magnetic choke filter helps reduce radiated noise (can also be used on output).

Reduces the conducted noise on the power supply wiring between the inverter and the power distribution system. Connect to the inverter primary (input side).

This capacitive filter reduces radiated noise from the main power wires in the inverter input side.

However, it will not protect the input diode bridge rectifier.

torque for high duty-cycle (ON-OFF) applications, and improving the decelerating capability.

equipment such as a radio receiver. This magnetic choke filter helps reduce radiated noise (can also be used on input).

This reactor reduces the vibrations in the motor caused by the inverter’s switching waveforms, by smoothing the waveform to approximate commercial power quality. It is also useful to reduce harmonics when wiring from the inverter to the motor is more than 10m in length.

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

NOTE: Note that some components are required for regulatory agency compliance (see Chapter 5 and Appendix C).

2–6

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

WARNING: In the cases below involving a general-purpose inverter, a large peak current can flow on the power supply side, sometimes destroying the converter module:

1.The unbalance factor of the power supply is 3% or higher.

2.The power supply capacity is at least 10 times greater than the inverter capacity (or the power supply capacity is 500 kVA or more).

3.Abrupt power supply changes are expected, due to conditions such as: a. Several inverters are interconnected with a short bus. b. A thyristor converter and an inverter are interconnected with a short bus. c. An installed phase advance capacitor opens and closes.

This section will guide you through the following basic steps of installation:

1. Study the warnings associated with mounting the inverter.

2. Select a suitable mounting location.

NOTE: If the installation is in an EU country, study the EMC installation guidelines in

Appendix C.

3. Place covers over the inverter’s ventilation openings to prevent debris from entering.

4. Check the inverter mounting dimensions for footprint and mounting hole locations.

5. Study the caution and warning messages associated with wiring the inverter.

6. Connect wiring for the inverter power input.

7. Connect wiring to the motor.

8. Remove any covers applied in Step 3 from the inverter’s ventilation openings.

CAUTION: The inverter is shipped with a plastic cover over the top vent grill.

REMOVE this cover after the installation is complete. Operation with this cover in place will not allow proper cooling, and damage to the inverter may result.

9. Perform a powerup test.

10. Make observations and check your installation.

Choosing a Mounting Location

Step 1: Study the following caution messages associated with mounting the inverter.

This is the time when mistakes are most likely to occur that will result in expensive rework, equipment damage, or personal injury.

CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on flame-resistant material such as a steel plate. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

CAUTION: Be sure not to place any flammable materials near the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

L100 Inverter

2–7

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on a perpendicular wall that is not subject to vibration. Otherwise, it may fall and cause injury to personnel.

CAUTION: Be sure not to install or operate an inverter that is damaged or has missing parts. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

2–8

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Ensure Adequate Ventilation

Step 2: To summarize the caution messages—you will need to find a solid, non-flamma-

ble, vertical surface that is in a relatively clean and dry environment. In order to ensure enough room for air circulation around the inverter to aid in cooling, maintain the specified clearance around the inverter specified in the diagram.

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Keep Debris Out of Inverter Vents

Clear area

8 cm (3.15”)

minimum

CAUTION: Be sure to maintain the specified clearance area around the inverter and to provide adequate ventilation. Otherwise, the inverter may overheat and cause equipment damage or fire.

10 cm (3.94”)

minimum

L100

10 cm (3.94”)

minimum

12 cm (4.72”)

minimum

Air flow

Step 3: Before proceeding to the wiring section, it’s

a good time to temporarily cover the inverter’s ventilation openings. Paper and masking tape are all that is needed. This will prevent harmful debris such as wire clippings and metal shavings from entering the inverter during installation. The inverter housing comes from the factory with a snap-in cover on the top of its housing. Ensure it is in place at this time (also to be removed later, unless the installation must have a NEMA rating).

Please observe this checklist while mounting the inverter:

1. The ambient temperature must be in the range of -10 to 40°C. If the range will be up

to 50°C, you will need to set the carrier frequency to 2.1 kHz or less and derate the output current to 80% or less. Chapter 3 covers how to change parameters such as the carrier frequency. Remember to remove the top cover (unless the installation is to have a NEMA rating)!

2. Keep any other heat-producing equipment as far away from the inverter as possible.

To p c o ve r

installed

Ventilation holes

(both sides)

3. When installing the inverter in an enclosure, maintain the clearance around the

inverter and verify that its ambient temperature is within specification when the enclosure door is closed.

4. Do not open the main front panel door at any time during operation.

Check Inverter Dimensions

Step 4: Locate the applicable drawing on the following pages for your inverter.

Dimensions are given in millimeters (inches) format.

L100 Inverter

2–9

External Dimensions

MODEL H mm (in.)

L100

-002NFE

-002NFU

-004NFE

-004NFU

107 (4.21) 107 (4.21)

110(4.33)

67(2.64)

5(0.20)

80(3.15)

4(0.16)

120(4.72)

10(0.39)

7(0.28)

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

2.5(0.10) H= (see H chart)

NOTE: Some inverter housings require two mounting screws, while others require four. Be sure to use lock washers or other means to ensure screws do not loosen due to vibration.

2–10

FAN

Dimensional drawings, continued...

External Dimensions

L100

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

98(3.86)

MODEL

-004HFE

-004HFU

-005NFE

-007NFE

-007NFU

118(4.65)

5(0.20)

110(4.33)

10(0.39)

130(5.12)

5(0.20)

4(0.16)

Ground Terminal

7(0.28)

MODEL

L100 -007HFE(No fan)

-007HFU(No fan)

-015HFE

-015HFU

5(0.20)

118(4.65)

98(3.86)

110(4.33)

129(5.08)

2.5(0.10)

130(5.12)

5(0.20)

4(0.16)

Air

7(0.28)

Ground Terminal

156(6.14)

6(0.24)

Dimensional drawings, continued...

L100

-011NFE

-015NFE

-015NFU

168(6.61)

140(5.51) 128(5.04)

5(0.20)

180(7.09)

L100 Inverter

2–11

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

L100

-022NFE

-022NFU

-022HFE

-022HFU

-030HFE

-037LFU

-040HFE

-040HFU

10(0.39)

168(6.61)

140(5.51) 128(5.04)

7(0.28)

Ground Terminal

153(6.02)

3.5(0.14)

Air

180(7.08)

Ground Terminal

5(0.20)

FAN

5(0.20)

Air

7(0.28)

164(6.46)

6(0.24)

2–12

Dimensional drawings, continued...

L100 -055LFU

-075LFU

-055HFU

-075HFU

-055HFE

-075HFE

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

182(7.17) 160(6.30)

236(9.29)

Air

257(10.12)

7(0.28)7(0.28)

Ground Terminal

7(0.28)

170(6.69)

6(0.24)

Air

NOTE: Model L100-075LFU has (2) fans. All other models in this housing have (1) fan.

Prepare for Wiring

Step 5: It is very important to perform the wiring steps carefully and correctly. Before

proceeding, please study the caution and warning messages below.

WARNING: “Use 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent.

WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.”

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000

rms symmetrical amperes, 240 V maximum.” For models with suffix N or L.

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 480 V maximum.” For models with suffix H.

HIGH VOLTAGE: Be sure to ground the unit. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

L100 Inverter

2–13

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

HIGH VOLTAGE: Wiring work shall be carried out only by qualified personnel. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

HIGH VOLTAGE: Implement wiring after checking that the power supply is OFF. Otherwise, you may incur electric shock and/or fire.

2–14

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Determining Wire and Fuse Sizes

The maximum motor currents in your application determines the recommended wire size. The following table gives the wire size in AWG. The “Power Lines” column applies to the inverter input power, output wires to the motor, the earth ground connection, and any other component shown in the “ The “Signal Lines” column applies to any wire connecting to the two green 7 and 8position connectors just inside the front panel half-door.

Basic System Description” on page 2–5.

Motor Output

kW HP Power Lines Signal Lines

0.2 1/4 L100-002NFE/NFU

0.4 1/2 L100-004NFE/NFU

0.55 3/4 L100-005NFE

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

0.75 1 L100-007NFE/NFU

1.1 1 1/2 L100-011NFE

1.5 2 L100-015NFE/NFU

2.2 3 L100-022NFE/NFU

3.7 5 L100-037LFU

5.5 7 1/2 L100-055LFU

7.5 10 L100-075LFU

0.4 1/2 L100-004HFE/HFU

(kW/HP)

Inverter Model

Wiring

AWG16 / 1.3 mm

AWG14 / 2.1 mm

AWG12 / 3.3 mm

AWG10 / 5.3 mm

AWG12 / 3.3 mm

AWG10 / 5.3 mm

AWG8 / 8.4 mm

18 to 28 AWG /

0.14 to 0.75 mm

shielded wire

(see Note 4)

Applicable equipment

Fuse (UL-rated,

class J, 600V)

10A (single ph.)

7A (three ph.)

15A (single ph.)

10A (three ph.)

20A (single ph.)

15A (three ph.)

30A (single ph.)

20A (three ph.)

30A

40A

50A

0.75 1 L100-007HFE/HFU 6A

1.5 2 L100-015HFE/HFU

2.2 3 L100-022HFE/HFU

3.0 4 L100-030HFE

4.0 5 L100-040HFE/HFU

5.5 7 1/2 L100-055HFE/HFU

7.5 10 L100-075HFE/HFU 25A

AWG16 / 1.3 mm

AWG14 / 2.1 mm

AWG12 / 3.3 mm

10A

15A

20A

Note 1: Field wiring must be made by a UL-listed and CSA-certified closed-loop

terminal connector sized for the wire gauge involved. Connector must be fixed by using the crimping tool specified by the connector manufacturer.

Note 2: Be sure to consider the capacity of the circuit breaker to be used. Note 3: Be sure to use a larger wire gauge if power line length exceeds 66 ft (20m).

Note 4: Use 18 AWG / 0.75 mm

wire for the alarm signal wire ([AL0], [AL1], [AL2]

terminals).

Terminal Dimensions and Torque Specs

The terminal screw dimensions for all L100 inverters are listed in table below. This information is useful in sizing spade lug or ring lug connectors for wire terminations.

CAUTION: Fasten the screws with the specified fastening torque in the table below. Check for any loosening of screws. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

L100 Inverter

2–15

Models

Number

Connector

Power Terminals 12 M3.5 7.1 M4 9 M5 13

Control Signal 15 M2 — M2 — M2 —

Alarm Signal 3 M3—M3—M3—

Ground Terminals 2 M4 — M4 — M4 —

of Screw

Terminals

002NF, 004NF

Screw

Diameter

Width

(mm)

Models 005NF–

022NF, 037LF,

004HF–040HF

Screw

Diameter

Width

(mm)

Models 055LF–075LF, 055HF–075HF

Screw

Diameter

Width

(mm)

When connecting wiring, use the tightening torque listed in the following table to safely attach wiring to the connectors.

Screw Tightening Torque Screw Tightening Torque Screw Tightening Torque

M2 0.2 N•m (max. 0.25 N•m) M3.5 0.8 N•m (max. 0.9 N•m) M5 2.0 N•m (max. 2.2 N•m)

M3 0.5 N•m (max. 0.6 N•m) M4 1.2 N•m (max. 1.3 N•m) — —

Wire the Inverter Input to a Supply

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

Step 6: In this step, you will connect wiring to

the input of the inverter. First, you must determine whether the inverter model you have requires three-phase power only, or if it can accept either single-phase or three-phase power. All models have the same power connector terminals [L1], [L2], and [N/L3]. So, you must

refer to the specifications label (on the side of the inverter) for the acceptable power source types! For inverters that can accept singlephase power and are connected that way, terminal [L2] will remain unconnected.

The wiring example to the right shows an L100 inverter wired for 3-phase input. Note the use of ring lug connectors for a secure connection.

2–16

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Please use the terminal arrangement below corresponding to your inverter model.

–002NFE/NFU, –004NFE/NFU, –005NFE

Jumper

(/) +1 + –

L1 L2 N/L3 U/T1 V/T2 W/T3

Chassis

Ground

–007 to 022NFE/NFU, –037LFU, 004 to 040HFE/HFU

Jumper

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

(/) + –

–055LFU, –075LFU, 055HFE/HFU, 075HFE/HFU

L1 W/T3

Jumper

L2 N/L3 U/T1 V/T2

Chassis

Ground

(/) +1 + –

L1 L2 N/L3 U/T1 V/T2 W/T3

Chassis

Ground

NOTE: An inverter powered by a portable power generator may receive a distorted power waveform, overheating the generator. In general, the generator capacity should be five times that of the inverter (kVA).

CAUTION: Be sure that the input voltage matches the inverter specifications:

• Single/Three phase 200 to 240 V 50/60 Hz (up to 2.2kW)

• Three phase 200 to 230V 50/60Hz (above 2.2kW)

• Three phase 380 to 460 V 50/60Hz

CAUTION: Be sure not to power a three-phase-only inverter with single phase power. Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter and the danger of fire.

L100 Inverter

2–17

CAUTION: Be sure not to connect an AC power supply to the output terminals. Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter and the danger of injury and/or fire.

Power Input Power Output

(L) (N)

L1 L2 N/L3

CAUTION: Remarks for using ground fault interrupter breakers in the main power supply: Adjustable frequency inverters with CE-filters (RFI-filter) and shielded (screened) motor cables have a higher leakage current toward Earth GND. Especially at the moment of switching ON this can cause an inadvertent trip of ground fault interrupters. Because of the rectifier on the input side of the inverter there is the possibility to stall the switch-off function through small amounts of DC current. Please observe the following:

• Use only short time-invariant and pulse current-sensitive ground fault interrupters with higher trigger current.

• Other components should be secured with separate ground fault interrupters.

• Ground fault interrupters in the power input wiring of an inverter are not an absolute protection against electric shock.

T1 T2 T3

UVW

NOTE: L, N:

L1, L2, L3:

Single-phase 200 to 240V 50/60 Hz Three-phase 200 to 230V 50/60 Hz Three-phase 380 to 460V 50/60 Hz

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

CAUTION: Be sure to install a fuse for each phase of the main power supply to the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

2–18

Wire the Inverter Output to Motor

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Step 7: The process of motor selection is beyond the scope of this manual. However, it must be an AC induction motor with three phases. It should also come with a chassis ground lug. If the motor does not have three power input leads, stop the installation and verify the motor type. Other guidelines for wiring the motor include:

• Use an inverter-grade motor for maximum motor life (1600V insulation).

• For standard motors, use the AC reactor accessory if the wiring between the inverter and motor exceeds 10 meters in length.

Simply connect the motor to the terminals [U/T1], [V/T2], and [W/T3] as shown to the right. This is a good time to connect the chassis ground lug on the drive as well. The motor chassis ground must also connect to the same point. Use a star ground (singlepoint) arrangement, and never daisy-chain the grounds (point-to-point).

Use the same wire gauge on the motor and chassis ground wiring as you used on the power input wiring in the previous step. After completing the wiring:

• Check the mechanical integrity of each wire crimp and terminal connection.

• Replace the housing partition that covers access to the power connections.

• Close the main door and secure the retention screw firmly.

Logic Control Wiring

After completing the initial installation and powerup test in this chapter, you may need to wire the logic signal connector for your application. For new inverter users/applications, we highly recommend that you first complete the powerup test in this chapter without adding any logic control wiring. Then you will be ready to set the required parameters for logic control as covered in Chapter 4, Operations and Monitoring.

To Po w e r

Supply

To Motor To Chassis

Ground

Uncover the Inverter Vents

Step 8: After mounting and wiring the inverter,

remove any covers from the inverter housing. This includes material over the side ventilation ports. Remove the square cover panel at the top of the housing.

WARNING: Make sure the input power to the inverter is OFF. If the drive has been powered, leave it OFF for five minutes before continuing.

The top housing cover is held in place by four locking tabs. To remove the cover, squeeze two corners together and push a small screwdriver under one side as shown, while pulling upward. Hold the screwdriver at the angle shown, and DO NOT push the screwdriver or any object through ventilation openings and into the inverter.

L100 Inverter

2–19

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

Powerup Test

Step 9: After wiring the inverter and motor, you’re ready to do a powerup test. The

procedure that follows is designed for the first-time use of the drive. Please verify the following conditions before conducting the powerup test:

• You have followed all the steps in this chapter up to this step.

• The inverter is new, and is securely mounted to a non-flammable vertical surface

• The inverter is connected to a power source and motor.

• No additional wiring of inverter connectors or terminals has been done.

• The power supply is reliable, and the motor is a known working unit, and the motor nameplate ratings match the inverter ratings.

• The motor is securely mounted, and is not connected to any load.

Goals for the Powerup Test

If there are any exceptions to the above conditions at this step, please take a moment to take any measures necessary to reach this basic starting point. The specific goals of this powerup test are:

1. Verify that the wiring to the power supply and motor is correct.

2. Demonstrate that the inverter and motor are generally compatible.

3. Give a brief introduction to the use of the built-in operator keypad.

The powerup test gives you an important starting point to ensure a safe and successful application of the Hitachi inverter. We highly recommend performing this test before proceeding to the other chapters in this manual.

2–20

Pre-test and Operational Precautions

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Powerup Test

The following instructions apply to the powerup test, or to any time the inverter is powered and operating. Please study the following instructions and messages before proceeding with the powerup test.

1. The power supply must have fusing suitable for the load. Check the fuse size chart

presented in Step 5, if necessary.

2. Be sure you have access to a disconnect switch for the drive input power if necessary.

However, do not turn OFF power during inverter operation unless it is an emergency.

3. Turn the front panel potentiometer to the MIN position (fully counter-clockwise).

CAUTION: The heat sink fins will have a high temperature. Be careful not to touch

them. Otherwise, there is the danger of getting burned.

CAUTION: Check the following before and during the powerup test. Otherwise, there is the danger of equipment damage.

• Is the shorting bar between the [+1] and [+] terminals installed? DO NOT power or operate the inverter if the jumper is removed.

• Is the direction of the motor rotation correct?

• Did the inverter trip during acceleration or deceleration?

• Were the rpm and frequency meter readings as expected?

• Were there any abnormal motor vibrations or noise?

Powering the Inverter

If you have followed all the steps, cautions and warnings up to this point, you’re ready to apply power. After doing so, the following events should occur:

• The POWER LED will illuminate.

• The numeric (7-segment) LEDs will display a test pattern, then stop at 0.0.

• The Hz LED will be ON.

If the motor starts running unexpectedly or any other problem occurs, press the STOP key. Only if necessary should you remove power to the inverter as a remedy.

NOTE: If the inverter has been previously powered and programmed, the LEDs (other than the POWER LED) may illuminate differently than as indicated above. If necessary, you can initialize all parameters to the factory default settings. See “

Default Settings” on page 6–8.

Restoring Factory

Using the Front Panel Keypad

Front Panel Introduction

Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with the keypad layout shown in the figure below. These are the visible controls and indicators when the front panel door is closed.

L100 Inverter

2–21

Parameter Display

Run/Stop LED

Program/Monitor LED

Run Key Enable LED

Run Key Stop/Reset Key

The display is used in programming the inverter’s parameters, as well as monitoring specific parameter values during operation. Many functions are applicable only during the initial installation, while others are more useful for maintenance or monitoring.

Parameter Editing Controls

Now, open the front panel (half-door) for second-level access to reveal additional operator keys for parameter editing as shown to the right. In normal operation after installation, parameter editing is unnecessary, so these controls are hidden from view. The front panel controls and indicators are described as follows:

• Run/Stop LED - ON when the inverter output

is ON and the motor is developing torque (Run Mode), and OFF when the inverter output is OFF (Stop Mode).

• Program/Monitor LED - This LED is ON

when the inverter is ready for parameter editing (Program Mode). It is OFF when the parameter display is monitoring data (Monitor Mode).

RUN

PRG

RUN

HITACHI

50.0

STOP

RESET

MIN

POWER

MAX

Potentiometer

Function

Key

Power LED

Display Units Hertz / Amperes LEDs

Potentiometer Enable LED

HITACHI

RUN

PRG

RUN

FUNC.

Up/Down

Keys

50.0

STOP

RESET

POWER

MAX

MIN

STR

Store

Key

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

• Run Key Enable LED - is ON when the inverter is ready to respond to the Run key,

OFF when the Run key is disabled.

• Run Key - Press this key to run the motor (the Run Enable LED must be ON first).

Parameter F_04, Keypad Run Key Routing, determines whether the Run key generates a Run FWD or Run REV command.

• Stop/Reset Key - Press this key to stop the motor when it is running (uses the

programmed deceleration rate). This key will also reset an alarm that has tripped.

• Potentiometer - Allows an operator to directly set the motor speed when the potenti-

ometer is enabled for output frequency control.

• Potentiometer Enable LED - ON when the potentiometer is enabled for value entry.

2–22

Using the Front Panel Keypad

• Parameter Display - A 4-digit, 7-segment display for parameters and function codes.

• Display Units, Hertz/Amperes - One of these LEDs will be ON to indicate the units

associated with the parameter display.

• Power LED - This LED is ON when the power input to the inverter is ON.

• Function Key - This key is used to navigate through the lists of parameters and

functions for setting and monitoring parameter values.

Keys, Modes, and Parameters

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

• Up/Down ( , ) Keys - Use these keys alternately to move up or down the lists of

parameter and functions shown in the display, and increment/decrement values.

• Store ( ) Key - When the unit is in Program Mode and you have edited a parameter

STR

value, press the Store key to write the new value to the EEPROM.

Purpose of the keypad is to provide a way to change modes and parameters. The term function applies to both monitoring modes and parameters. These are all accessible through function codes that are primarily 3-character codes. The various functions are separated into related groups identifiable by the left-most character, as the table shows.

Function

Group

“D” Monitoring functions Monitor

“F” Main profile parameters Program

“A” Standard functions Program

“B” Fine tuning functions Program

“C” Intelligent terminal functions Program

Type (Category) of Function Mode to Access

PGM LED

Indicator

“E” Error codes — —

For example, function “A_04” is the base frequency setting for the motor, typically 50 Hz or 60 Hz. To edit the parameter, the inverter must be in Program Mode (PGM LED will be ON). You use the front panel keys to first select the function code “A_04.” After displaying the value for “A_04,” use the Up/Down ( or ) keys to edit it.

NOTE: The inverter 7-segment display shows lower case “b” and “d,” meaning the same as the upper case letters “B” and “D” used in this manual (for uniformity “A to F”).

The inverter automatically switches into Monitor

MONITOR PROGRAM

Mode when you access “D” Group functions. It switches into Program Mode when you access any other group, because they all have editable parameters. Error codes use the “E” Group, and appear

“D” Group

“A” Group “B” Group “C” Group “F” Group

automatically when a fault event occurs. Refer to

“

Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions” on page 6–5 for error code details.

Keypad Navigational Map

The L100 Series inverter drives have many programmable functions and parameters. Chapter 3 will cover these in detail, but you need to access just a few items to perform the powerup test. The menu structure makes use of function codes and parameter codes to allow programming and monitoring with only a 4-digit display and a few keys and LEDs. So, it is important to become familiar with the basic navigational map of parameters and functions in the diagram below. You may later use this map as a reference.

L100 Inverter

2–23

Program ModeMonitor Mode

Display Data

000.0

d 09

d 01

FUNC.

C - -

b --

A - -

F 0 4

F 0 1

powerdown

Select Function or Group

FUNC.

Select Parameter

C 9 1

C 0 1

b 92

b 01

A 9 8

A 0 1

PRG LED=ONPRG LED=OFF

FUNC.

Return to

parameter

Edit Parameter

Store as

powerup

default

Increment/ decrement

value

Edit

123.4

STR

Write

data to

EEPROM

list

FUNC.

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

The navigational map shows the relationship of all resources of the inverter in one view. In general, use the key to move left and right, and the (arrow) keys to move

FUNC.

up and down.

2–24

Selecting Functions and Editing Parameters

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Using the Front Panel Keypad

In order to run the motor for the powerup test, this section will show how to:

• select the inverter’s maximum output frequency to the motor

• select the keypad potentiometer as the source of motor speed command

• select the keypad as the source of the RUN command

• enable the RUN command

The following series of programming tables are designed for successive use. Each table uses the previous table’s final state as the starting point. Therefore, start with the first and continue programming until the last one. If you get lost or concerned that some of the other parameters settings may be incorrect, refer to “

Restoring Factory Default

Settings” on page 6–8.

Setting the Motor Base Frequency -The motor is designed to operate at a specific AC frequency. Most commercial motors are designed for 50/60 Hz operation. First, check the motor specifications. Then follow the steps in the table below to verify the setting or correct for your motor. DO NOT set it for greater than 50/60 Hz unless the motor manufacturer specifically approves operation at the higher frequency.

Action Display Func./Parameter

Press the

Press the key.

FUNC.

key.

or keys until ->

FUNC.

key.

key twice.

FUNC.

d 01

A01

A03

Monitor functions

“A” Group selected

First “A” parameter

Base frequency setting

Default value for base frequency. US = 60 Hz, Europe = 50 Hz.

Press the

STR

or key as needed.

key.

A03

TIP: If you need to scroll through a function or parameter list, press and hold the or

key to auto-increment through the list.

Set to your motor specs (your display may be different)

Stores parameter, returns to “A” Group list

L100 Inverter

2–25

Select the Potentiometer for Speed Command - The motor speed may be controlled from the following sources:

• Potentiometer on front panel keypad

• Control terminals

• Remote panel

Then follow the steps in the table below to select the potentiometer for the speed command (the table resumes action from the end of the previous table).

Action Display Func./Parameter

Press the

key twice.

A01

Speed command source setting

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

Press the

Select the Keypad for the RUN Command - The RUN command causes the inverter to accelerate the motor to the selected speed. You can program the inverter to respond to either the control terminal signal or the keypad RUN key.

Follow the steps in the table below to select the front panel RUN key as the source for the RUN Command (the table resumes action from the end of the previous table).

Press the

FUNC.

key.

STR

key.

Action Display Func./Parameter

key.

FUNC.

key.

A01

A02

0 = potentiometer 1 = control terminals (default) 2 = keypad

0 = potentiometer (selected)

Stores parameter, returns to “A” Group list

Run command source

1 = control terminals (default) 2 = keypad

2 = keypad (selected)

Press the

NOTE: When you press the STR key in the last step above (and the display = 02), the Run Enable LED above the RUN switch on the keypad will turn ON. This is normal, and does not mean the motor is trying to run. It means that the RUN key is now enabled. DO NOT press the RUN key at this time—finish out the programming exercise first.

TIP: If you became lost during any of these steps, first observe the state of the PRG LED. Then study the “ state of the keypad controls and display. As long as you do not press the STR key, no parameters will be changed by keypad entry errors.

STR

key.

A02

Keypad Navigational Map” on page 2–23 to determine the current

Stores parameter, returns to “A” Group list

2–26

Monitoring Parameters with the Display

and Installation

Inverter Mounting

Using the Front Panel Keypad

After using the keypad for parameter editing, it’s a good idea to switch the inverter from Program Mode to Monitor Mode and close the panel door (puts the keys for parameter

RUN

PRG

HITACHI

50.0

POWER

editing out of sight). This will also turn out the PRG LED, and the Hertz or Ampere LED indicates the display units.

RUN

STOP

RESET

MIN

MAX

For the powerup test, monitor the motor speed indirectly by viewing the inverter’s output frequency. The output frequency must not be confused with base frequency (50/60 Hz) of the motor, or the carrier frequency (switching frequency of the inverter, in the kHz range). The monitoring functions are in the “D” list, located near the top left of the

“

Keypad Navigational Map” on page 2–23.

Output frequency (speed) monitor - Resuming the keypad programming from the previous table, follow the steps in the table below.

Action Display Func./Parameter

Press the

When the

FUNC.

key.

key three times.

FUNC.

key.

d 0 1 function code appeared, the PRG LED went OFF. This confirms the

inverter is no longer in programming mode, even while you are selecting the particular monitoring parameter. After pressing the Function key, the display shows the current speed (is zero at this point).

Running the Motor

If you have programmed all the parameters up to this point, you’re ready to run the motor! First, review this checklist:

1. Verify the Power LED is ON. If not, check the power connections.

2. Verify the Run Key Enable LED is ON. If not, review the programming steps to find

the problem.

3. Verify the PRG LED is OFF. If it is ON, review the instructions above.

4. Make sure the motor is disconnected from any mechanical load.

A--

“A” Group selected

Output frequency selected

d 01

Output frequency displayed

0.0

5. Turn the potentiometer to the MIN position (completely counterclockwise).

6. Now, press the RUN key on the keypad. The RUN LED will turn ON.

7. Slowly increase the potentiometer setting in clockwise fashion. The motor should

start turning when the indicator is in the 9:00 position and beyond.

8. Press the STOP key to stop the motor rotation.

Powerup Test Observations and Summary

Step 10: Reading this section will help you make some useful observations when first

running the motor.

L100 Inverter

2–27

Error Codes - If the inverter displays an error code (format is “E x x”), see “

Monitoring

Trip Events, History, & Conditions” on page 6–5 to interpret and clear the error.

Acceleration and Deceleration - The L100 inverter has programmable acceleration and deceleration values. The test procedure left these at the default value, 10 seconds. You can observe this by setting the potentiometer at about half speed before running the motor. Then press RUN, and the motor will take 5 seconds to reach a steady speed. Press the STOP key to see a 5 second deceleration to a stop.

State of Inverter at Stop - If you adjust the motor’s speed to zero, the motor will slow to a near stop, and the inverter turns the outputs OFF. The high-performance L100 can rotate at a very slow speed with high torque output, but not zero (must use servo systems with position feedback for that feature). This characteristic means you must use a mechanical brake for some applications.

Interpreting the Display - First, refer to the output frequency display readout. The maximum frequency setting (parameter A_04) defaults to 50 Hz or 60 Hz (Europe and United States, respectively) for your application.

Example: Suppose a 4-pole motor is rated for 60 Hz operation, so the inverter is configured to output 60 Hz at full scale. Use the following formula to calculate the RPM.

Speed in RPM

Frequency 60×

----------------------------------------

Pairs of poles

Frequency 120×

---------------------------------------- ---

# of poles

60 120×

--------------------- 1800RPM== == 4

Inverter Mounting

and Installation

The theoretical speed for the motor is 1800 RPM (speed of torque vector rotation). However, the motor cannot generate torque unless its shaft turns at a slightly different speed. This difference is called slip. So it’s common to see a rated speed of approximately 1750 RPM on a 60 Hz, 4-pole motor. Using a tachometer to measure shaft speed, you can see the difference between the inverter output frequency and the actual motor speed. The slip increases slightly as the motor’s load increases. This is why the inverter output value is called “frequency,” since it is not exactly equal to motor speed. You can program the inverter to display output frequency in units more directly related to the load speed by entering a constant (discussed more in depth on page 3–29

Run/Stop Versus Monitor/Program Modes – The Run LED on the inverter is ON in Run Mode, and OFF in Stop Mode. The Program LED is ON when

Run

STOP

RESET

RUN

Stop

the inverter is in Program Mode, and OFF for Monitor Mode. All four mode combinations are possible. The diagram to the right depicts the modes and the mode transitions via keypad.

Monitor Program

FUNC.

NOTE: Some factory automation devices such as PLCs have alternate Run/Program modes; the device is in either one mode or the other. In the Hitachi inverter, however, Run Mode alternates with Stop Mode, and Program Mode alternates with Monitor Mode. This arrangement lets you program some values while the inverter is operating— providing flexibility for maintenance personnel.

Configuring

Drive Parameters

In This Chapter.... page

— Choosing a Programming Device ................... 2

— Using Keypad Devices .................................... 3

— “D” Group: Monitoring Functions..................... 6

— “F” Group: Main Profile Parameters ................ 8

— “A” Group: Standard Functions ....................... 9

— “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions................. 22

— “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions...... 32

3–2

Choosing a Programming Device

Introduction

Hitachi variable frequency drives (inverters) use the latest electronics technology for getting the right AC waveform to the motor at the right time. The benefits are many, including energy savings and higher machine output or productivity. The flexibility required to handle a broad range of applications has required ever more configurable options and parameters—inverters are now a complex industrial automation component. And this can make a product seem difficult to use, but the goal of this chapter is to make this easier for you.

As the powerup test in Chapter 2 demonstrated, you do not have to program very many parameters to run the motor. In fact, most applications would benefit only from programming just a few, specific parameters. This chapter will explain the purpose of each set of parameters, and help you choose the ones that are important to your application.

If you are developing a new application for the inverter and a motor, finding the right parameters to change is mostly an exercise in optimization. Therefore, it is okay to begin running the motor with a loosely tuned system. By making specific, individual changes and observing their effects, you can achieve a finely tuned system.

Configuring

Introduction to Inverter Programming

The front panel keypad is the first and best way to get to know the inverter’s capabilities. Every function or programmable parameter is accessible from the keypad. The other devices simply imitate the keypad’s layout and inverter access, while adding another valuable aspect to the system. For example, the Copy Unit can transfer one inverter’s parameter settings to another inverter, while still providing standard operator keypad control. In this way, you can use a variety of programming devices with basically the

Drive Parameters

Inverter keypad — Monitor and

DOP Professional Software (for PC)

Digital Operator/ Copy Unit

Operator Monitor OPE–J Monitor only none on

same keypad skills. The following table shows various programming options, the features unique to each device, and the cables required.

Device

Part

Number

DOP–PRO Monitor and

SRW–0EX Monitor and

Parameter

Access

program

Parameter

setting

storage

EEPROM in inverter

PC hard drive or diskette

EEPROM in operator panel

operator monitor

Cables (choose one)

Part number Length

——

(Included with

software)

ICS–1 1 meter

ICS–3 3 meters

ICJ–1L 1 meter

ICJ–3L 3 meters

2 meters

Using Keypad Devices

Inverter Front Panel Keypad

The L100 Series inverter front keypad contains all the elements for both monitoring and programming parameters. The keypad layout is pictured below. All other programming devices for the inverter have a similar key arrangement and function.

L100 Inverter

3–3

Parameter Display

Run/Stop LED

Program/Monitor LED

Run Key Enable LED

Run Key

Stop/Reset Key

Function key

Key and Indicator Legend

• Run/Stop LED - ON when the inverter output is ON and the motor is developing

torque (Run Mode), and OFF when the inverter output is OFF (Stop Mode).

• Program/Monitor LED - This LED is ON when the inverter is ready for parameter

editing (Program Mode). It is OFF when the parameter display is monitoring data (Monitor Mode).

• Run Key Enable LED - is ON when the inverter is ready to respond to the Run key,

OFF when the Run key is disabled.

• Run Key - Press this key to run the motor (the Run Enable LED must be ON first).

Parameter F_04, Keypad Run Key Routing, determines whether the Run key generates a Run FWD or Run REV command.

HITACHI

RUN

50.0

PRG

STOP

RUN

RESET

FUNC.

Up/Down keys

Power LED

POWER

Display Units Hertz / Amperes LEDs

Potentiometer Enable LED

MAX

MIN

STR

Potentiometer

Store key

Drive Parameters

Configuring

• Stop/Reset Key - Press this key to stop the motor when it is running (uses the

programmed deceleration rate). This key will also reset an alarm that has tripped.

• Potentiometer - Allows an operator to directly set the motor speed when the potenti-

ometer is enabled for output frequency control.

• Potentiometer Enable LED - ON when the potentiometer is enabled for value entry.

• Parameter Display - A 4-digit, 7-segment display for parameters and function codes.

• Display Units, Hertz/Amperes - One of these LEDs will be ON to indicate the units

associated with the parameter display.

• Power LED - This LED is ON when the power input to the inverter is ON.

• Function Key - This key is used to navigate through the lists of parameters and

functions for setting and monitoring parameter values.

• Up/Down ( , ) Keys - Use these keys alternately to move up or down the lists of

parameter and functions shown in the display, and increment/decrement values.

• Store ( ) Key - When the unit is in Program Mode and you have edited a parameter

STR

value, press the Store key to write the new value to the EEPROM.

3–4

Using Keypad Devices

Keypad Navigational Map

You can use the inverter’s front panel keypad to navigate to any parameter or function. The diagram below shows the basic navigational map to access these items.

Program ModeMonitor Mode

PRG LED=ONPRG LED=OFF

Configuring

Drive Parameters

Display Data

000.0

d 09

d 01

FUNC.

C - -

b --

A - -

F 0 4

F 0 1

powerdown

Select

Function

or Group

FUNC.

Select Parameter

C 9 1

C 0 1

b 92

b 01

A 9 8

A 0 1

Edit Parameter

Increment/ decrement

FUNC.

123.4

EEPROM

Return to

parameter

list

Store as

powerup

default

value

Edit

STR

Write

data to

FUNC.

NOTE: The inverter 7-segment display shows lower case “b” and “d,” meaning the same as the upper case letters “B” and “D” used in this manual (for uniformity “A to F”).

NOTE: The Store Key saves the edited parameter (shown in the display) to the inverter’s EEPROM. Upload or download of parameters to/from external devices is accomplished through a different command—do not confuse Store with Download or Upload.

Operational Modes

L100 Inverter

3–5

The RUN and PGM LEDs tell just part of the story; Run Mode and Program Modes are independent modes, not opposite modes. In the state diagram to the right, Run alternates with Stop, and Program Mode alternates with Monitor Mode. This is a very important ability, for it shows that a technician can approach a running machine and change some parameters without shutting down the machine.

The occurrence of a fault during operation will cause the inverter to enter the Trip Mode as shown. An event such as an output overload will cause the inverter to exit the Run Mode and turn OFF its output to the motor. In the Trip Mode, any request to run the motor is ignored. You must clear the error by pressing the Stop/Reset switch. See page

“

Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions”

on page 6–5.

Run Mode Edits

The inverter can be in Run Mode (inverter output is controlling motor) and still allow you to edit certain parameters. This is useful in applications that must run continuously, yet need some inverter parameter adjustment.

STOP

Run Stop

Monitor Program

Run Stop

Fault

RESET

STOP

RESET

FUNC.

Trip

RUN

STOP

RESET

Fault

Drive Parameters

Configuring

The parameter tables in this chapter have a column titled “Run Mode Edit.” An Ex mark ✘ means the parameter cannot be edited; a Check mark ✔ means the parameter can be edited. The Software Lock Setting (parameter B_31) determines when the Run Mode access permission is in effect and access permission in other conditions, as well. It is the responsibility of the user to choose a useful and safe software lock setting for the inverter operating conditions and personnel. Please refer to

“

Software Lock Mode” on page 3–26 for more information.

Control Algorithms

The motor control program in the L100 inverter has two PWM sinusoidal switching algorithms. The intent is that you select the best algorithm for the motor characteristics in your application. Both algorithms generate the frequency output in a unique way. Once configured, the algorithm is the basis for other parameter settings as well (see “

Torque Control Algorithms” on page 3–13). Therefore, choose the best

algorithm early in your application design process.

Run

Mode

Edit

✘

✔

Inverter Control Algorithms

Variable freq. control,

constant torque

Output

Variable freq. control,

reduced torque

3–6

“D” Group: Monitoring Functions

Parameter Monitoring Functions

You can access important system parameter values with the “D” Group monitoring functions, whether the inverter is in Run Mode or Stop Mode. After selecting the function code number for the parameter you want to monitor, press the Function key once to show the value on the display. In Functions D_05 and D_06, the intelligent terminals use individual segments of the display to show ON/OFF status.

If the inverter display is set to monitor a parameter and powerdown occurs, the inverter stores the present monitor function setting. For your convenience, the display automatically returns to the previously monitored parameter upon the next powerup.

Configuring

Drive Parameters

“D” Function

Func.

Code

D_01 Output frequency

monitor

FM 0000.00Hz

D_02 Output current monitor Filtered display of output

Im 0.0A 0.0%

D_03 Rotation direction

monitor

Dir STOP

D_04 Process variable (PV),

PID feedback monitor

PID-FB 0000.00%

D_05 Intelligent input

terminal status

TERM LLL LLLLLL

Name /

SRW Display

Description

Real-time display of output frequency to motor, from 0.0 to

360.0 Hz

current to motor (100 ms internal filter time constant)

Three different indications:

“F”..... Forward

“| |” .. Stop

“r”..... Reverse

Displays the scaled PID process variable (feedback) value (A_75 is scale factor)

Displays the state of the intelligent input terminals:

Run

Mode

Edit

— 0.0 to

—A

——

Range

and

Units

360.0 Hz

D_06 Intelligent output

terminal status

TERM LLL LLLLLL

OFF

123456

Terminal numbers

Displays the state of the intelligent output terminals:

OFF

Terminal numbers

1112

——

L100 Inverter

3–7

“D” Function

Func.

Code

D_07 Scaled output frequency

monitor

/Hz01.0 0.00

Name /

SRW Display

Trip Event and History Monitoring

The trip event and history monitoring feature lets you cycle through related information using the keypad. See “ more details.

Func.

Code

D_08 Trip event monitor Displays the current trip event.

ERR1 EEPROM ERR1 0.0Hz ERR1 0.0A ERR1 324.3Vdc ERR1 RUN 000000H

Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions” on page 6–5 for

“D” Function

Name /

SRW Display

Description

Displays the output frequency scaled by the constant in B_86. Decimal point indicates range: XX.XX 0.01 to 99.99 XXX.X 100.0 to 999.9 XXXX. 1000 to 9999 XXXX 10000 to 99990

Description

information.

Run

Mode

Edit

—Hz

Run

Mode

Edit

——

Range

and

Units

Range

and

Units

Drive Parameters

Configuring

D_09 Trip history monitor Displays the previous two

ERR2 EEPROM ERR2 0.0Hz ERR2 0.0A ERR2 330.0Vdc ERR2 RUN 000000H ERR3 EEPROM ERR3 0.0Hz ERR3 0.0A ERR3 328.7Vdc ERR3 RUN 000000H

— Cumulative operation

RUN time monitor

RUN 000000H

— Trip count Displays cumulative number of

ERROR COUNT 009

events and their causes.

Displays total time the inverter has been in RUN mode in hours.

trip events.

——

— hours

—trips

3–8

“F” Group: Main Profile Parameters

The basic frequency (speed) profile is defined by parameters contained in the “F” Group as shown to the right. The set running frequency is in Hz, but acceleration and deceleration are specified in the time duration of the ramp (from zero to maximum frequency, or from maximum frequency to zero). The motor direction parameter determines whether the keypad Run key produces a FWD or REV command. This parameter does not affect the intelligent terminal [FWD] and [REV] functions, which you configure separately.

Acceleration 1 and Deceleration 1 are the standard default accel and decel values for the main profile. Accel and decel values for an alternative profile are specified by using parameters A_92 through A_93. The motor direction selection (F_04) determines the direction of rotation as commanded only from the keypad.

Func.

Code

F_01 Output frequency

setting

TM 000.0 0.0Hz

Name /

SRW Display

“F” Function

Standard default target frequency that determines constant motor speed, range is 0 to 360 Hz

Description

Output

frequency

F01

F02 F03

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✔ 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hz

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

Configuring

F_02 Acceleration 1 time

Drive Parameters

F_03 Deceleration 1 time

F_04 Keypad Run key

setting

ACC 1 0010.0s

setting

DEC 1 0010.0s

routing

INIT DOPE FWD

Standard default acceleration, range is 0.1 to 3000 sec.

Standard default deceleration, range is 0.1 to 3000 sec.

Two options; select codes:

00... Forward

01... Reverse

✔ 10.0 10.0 10.0 sec.

✘ 00 00 00 —

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Basic Parameter Settings

These settings affect the most fundamental behavior of the inverter—the outputs to the motor. The frequency of the inverter’s AC output determines the motor speed. You may select from three different sources for the reference speed. During application development you may prefer using the potentiometer, but you may switch to an external source (control terminal setting) in the finished application, for example.

The base frequency and maximum frequency settings interact according to the graph below (left). The inverter output operation follows the constant V/f curve until it reaches the full-scale output voltage. This initial straight line is the constant-torque part of the operating characteristic. The horizontal line over to the maximum frequency serves to let the motor run faster, but at a reduced torque. If you want the motor to output constant torque over its entire operating range (limited to the motor nameplate voltage and frequency rating), then set the base frequency and maximum frequency equal as shown (below right).

100% 100%

A03 A04

L100 Inverter

Constant torque

3–9

A03

A04

Drive Parameters

Base

Frequency

“A” Function

Func.

Code

A_01 Frequency source

setting

F-SET-SELECT TRM

A_02 Run command source

setting

F/R SELECT TRM

A_03 Base frequency setting Settable from 50 Hz to the

F-BASE 060Hz

Name /

SRW Display

Three options; select codes: 00 ...Keypad potentiometer 01 ...Control terminal 02 ...Function F01 setting

Two options; select codes: 01 ...Control terminal 02 ...Run key on keypad, or digital operator

maximum frequency

Maximum

Frequency

Description

Base frequency = maximum frequency

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ 01 01 00 —

✘ 01 01 02 —

✘ 50.0 60.0 60.0 Hz

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Configuring

Units

A_04 Maximum frequency

setting

F-MAX 060Hz

Settable from the base frequency up to 360 Hz

✘ 50.0 60.0 60.0 Hz

3–10

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Analog Input Settings

The inverter has the capability to accept an external analog input that can command the output frequency to the motor. Voltage input (0 –10V) and current input (4–20mA) are available on separate terminals ([O] and [OI], respectively). Terminal [L] serves as signal ground for the two analog inputs. The analog input settings adjust the curve characteristics between the analog input and the frequency output.

In the graph below (left), A_13 and A_14 select the active portion of the input voltage or current range. The parameters A_11 and A_12 select the start and end frequency of the converted output frequency range, respectively. Together, these four parameters define a line segment as shown (below, right). When the line does not begin at the origin, A_15 defines whether the inverter outputs 0Hz or the A_11 frequency when the analog input value is less than the A_13 setting (determines the non-linear part of the translation).

Frequency Frequency

A12

A_15=00

Configuring

A11

4mA

Drive Parameters

Func.

Code

A_11 O–L input active range

start frequency

IN EXS 000.0Hz

A_12 O–L input active range

end frequency

IN EXE 000.0Hz

A_13 O–L input active range

start voltage

IN EX%S 000%

Name /

SRW Display

A11

A13 A14

% Input scale % Input scale

“A” Function

The output frequency corresponding to the analog input range starting point

The output frequency corresponding to the analog input range ending point

The starting point (offset) for the active analog input range

10V

20mA

Description

4mA

Run

Mode

Edit

✘ 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hz

✘ 000%

A_15 = 01

A13 A14

–FE

(CE)

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

10V

20mA

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

A_14 O–L input active range

end voltage

IN EX%E 100%

A_15 O–L input start

frequency enable

IN LEVEL 0Hz

The ending point (offset) for the active analog input range

Two options; select codes: 00 ...Use offset (A_11 value) 01 ...Use 0 Hz

✘ 100 100 100 %

✘ 01 01 01 —

L100 Inverter

3–11

Func.

Code

A_16 External frequency

filter time constant

IN F-SAMP 8

Name /

SRW Display

“A” Function

Range n = 1 to 8, where n = number of samples for avg.

Description

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ 888Sam-

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

ples

Drive Parameters

Configuring

3–12

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Multi-speed and Jog Frequency Setting

The L100 inverter has the capability to store and output up to 16 preset frequencies to the motor (A_20 to A_35). As in traditional motion terminology, we call this multi- speed profile capability. These preset frequencies are selected by means of digital inputs to the inverter. The inverter applies the current acceleration or deceleration setting to change from the current output frequency to the new one.

The jog speed setting is used whenever the Jog command is active. The jog speed setting range is arbitrarily limited to 10 Hz, to provide safety during manual operation. The acceleration to the jog frequency is instantaneous, but you can choose from three modes for the best method for stopping the jog operation.

Configuring

Func.

Code

A_20 Multi-speed frequency

setting

SPD FS 000.0Hz

A_21

A_35

Drive Parameters

Multi-speed frequency

settings

SPD 1 000.0Hz SPD 2 000.0Hz SPD 3 000.0Hz SPD 4 000.0Hz SPD 5 000.0Hz SPD 6 000.0Hz SPD 7 000.0Hz SPD 8 000.0Hz SPD 9 000.0Hz SPD 10 000.0Hz SPD 11 000.0Hz SPD 12 000.0Hz SPD 13 000.0Hz SPD 14 000.0Hz SPD 15 000.0Hz

Name /

SRW Display

“A” Function

Defines the first speed of a multi-speed profile, range is 0 to 360 Hz

Defines 15 more speeds, range is 0 to 360 Hz. A_21= Speed 2... A_35 = Speed 16

A_21 A_22 A_23 A_24 A_25 A_26 A_27 A_28 A_29 A_30 A_31 A_32 A_33 A_34 A_35

Description

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✔ 000Hz

✔ see

row

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

see

row

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

–FR

(Jpn)

see

row

5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60

Units

A_38 Jog frequency setting Defines limited speed for jog,

Jogging 01.00Hz

A_39 Jog stop mode Define how end of jog stops

Jog Mode 0

range is 0.5 to 9.99 Hz

the motor; three options: 00 ...Free-run stop 01 ...Controlled deceleration 02 ...DC braking to stop

✔ 1.0 1.0 1.0 Hz

✘ 00 00 00 —

Torque Control Algorithms

L100 Inverter

3–13

The inverter generates the motor output according to the V/f algorithm selected. Parameter A_44 selects the inverter algorithm for generating the frequency output, as shown in the diagram to the right. The factory

Inverter Torque Control Algorithms

A44

V/f control,

constant torque

Output

default is 00 (constant torque).

Review the following description to help you choose the best torque control algorithm for

V/f control,

variable torque

your application.

• The built-in V/f curves are oriented toward developing constant torque or variable torque characteristics (see graphs below). You can select either constant torque or reduced torque V/f control.

Constant and Variable (Reduced) Torque – The graph below (left) shows the constant torque characteristic from 0Hz to the base frequency A_03. The voltage remains constant for output frequencies higher than the base frequency. The graph below (right) shows the general variable (reduced) torque curve. The range from 0Hz to the base frequency is the variable characteristic.

100%

A_44=00

Constant torque

100%

A_44=01

Variable torque

Drive Parameters

Configuring

Base

freq.

Max.

freq.

Torque Boost – The Constant and Variable Torque algorithms feature an adjustable torque boost curve. When the motor load has a lot of inertia or starting friction, you may need to increase the low frequency starting torque characteristics

100%

11.8%

Base

freq.

A_42 = 11

Torque boost

Max.

freq.

by boosting the voltage above the normal V/f ratio (shown at right). The boost is applied from zero to 1/2 the base frequency. You set the breakpoint of the boost (point A on the graph) by using

A_43 = 10

(%)

30.0Hz6.0Hz

f base =

60Hz

parameters A_42 and A_43. The manual boost is calculated as an addition to the standard straight V/f line (constant torque curve).

Be aware that running the motor at a low speed for a long time can cause motor overheating. This is particularly true when manual torque boost is ON, or if the motor relies on a built-in fan for cooling.

3–14

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Voltage Gain – Using parameter A_45 you can modify the voltage gain of the inverter (see graph at right). This is specified as a percentage of the full scale setting (Automatic Voltage Regulation) AVR level in parameter F_03. The gain can be set from 50% to 100%. It should be adjusted in accordance with the motor specifications.

The following table shows the methods of torque control selection.

“A” Function

Func.

Code

A_41 Torque boost method

selection

V-Boost Mode 0

A_42 Manual torque boost

value

V-Boost code 11

Name /

SRW Display

Description

Two options: 00 ...Manual torque boost 01 ...Automatic torque boost

Can boost starting torque between 0 and 99% above normal V/f curve, from 0 to 1/2 base frequency

00%

50%

Run

Mode

Edit

✘ 00 00 00 —

✔ 11 11 11 —

Voltage Gain

Defaults

–FE

(CE)

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

A45

Units

Configuring

A_43 Manual torque boost

frequency adjustment

V-Boost F 10.0%

A_44 V/f characteristic curve

Drive Parameters

A_45 V/f gain setting Sets voltage gain of the

selection

CONTROL SLV

V-Gain 100%

Sets the frequency of the V/f breakpoint A in graph (top of previous page) for torque boost

Two available V/f curves; three select codes: 00 ...Constant torque 01 ...Reduced torque

inverter from 50 to 100%

✔ 10.0 10.0 10.0 %

✘ 00 00 00 —

✔ 100 100 100 %

DC Braking Settings

L100 Inverter

3–15

Func.

Code

The DC braking feature can provide additional stopping torque when

DC brakingFree runRunning

compared to a normal deceleration to a stop. DC braking is particularly useful at low speeds when normal decelera-

tion torque is minimal. When you enable DC braking, the inverter injects

–

A53 A55

a DC voltage into the motor windings during deceleration below a frequency you can specify (A_52). The braking power (A_54) and duration (A_55) can both be set. You can optionally specify a wait time before DC braking (A_53), during which the motor will free run (coast).

Thermistor Thermal Protection” on page 4–20). Also refer to the motor manufacturer’s specifications for

duty-cycle recommendations during DC braking.

Name /

SRW Display

“A” Function

Description

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

Drive Parameters

Configuring

A_51 DC braking enable Two options; select codes:

DCB SW OFF

A_52 DC braking frequency

setting

DCB F 00.5Hz

A_53 DC braking wait time The delay from the end of Run

DCB WAIT 0.0s

A_54 DC braking during

deceleration

DCB V 000

A_55 DC braking time for

deceleration

DCB T 00.0s

00 ...Disable 01 ...Enable

The frequency at which DC braking occurs, range is 0.5 to 10 Hz

command to start of DC braking (motor free runs until DC braking begins)

Applied level of DC braking force, settable from 0 to 100%

Sets the duration for DC braking, range is 0.1 to 60.0 seconds

✘ 00 00 00 —

✘ 0.5 0.5 0.5 Hz

✘ 0.0 0.0 0.0 sec.

✘ 000%

✘ 0.0 0.0 0.0 sec.

3–16

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Frequency-related Functions

Frequency Limits – Upper and lower limits can be imposed on the inverter output frequency. These limits will apply regardless of the source of the speed reference. You can configure the lower frequency limit to be greater than zero as shown in the graph to the right. The upper limit must not exceed the rating of the motor or capability of the machinery.

“A” Function

Func.

Code

A_61 Frequency upper limit

setting

LIMIT H 000.0Hz

Name /

SRW Display

Output

frequency

A61

A62

Description

Sets a limit on output frequency less than the maximum frequency (A_04) Range is 0.5 to 360.0 Hz

0.0 ..setting is disabled >0.1 setting is enabled

Upper

limit

Lower

limit

Run

Mode

Edit

✘ 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hz

Frequency command

Defaults

–FE

(CE)

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Settable

range

Units

Configuring

A_62 Frequency lower limit

setting

LIMIT L 000.0Hz

Drive Parameters

Sets a limit on output frequency greater than zero Range is 0.5 to 360.0 Hz

0.0 ..setting is disabled >0.1 setting is enabled

✘ 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hz

L100 Inverter

3–17

Jump Frequencies – Some motors or machines exhibit resonances at particular speed(s), which can be destructive for prolonged running at those speeds. The inverter has up to three jump frequencies as shown in the graph. The hysteresis around the jump frequencies causes the inverter output to skip around the sensitive frequency values

Output

frequency

Func.

Code

A_63, A_65,

A_67

A67

Jump frequencies

A65

A63

“A” Function

Name /

SRW Display

Jump (center) frequency setting

JUMP F1 000.0Hz JUMP F2 000.0Hz JUMP F3 000.0Hz

A64 A64

Description

Up to 3 output frequencies can be defined for the output to jump past to avoid motor resonances (center frequency) Range is 0.0 to 360.0 Hz

A66 A66

Frequency command

Run

Mode

Edit

✘ 0.0

Hysteresis values

–FE

(CE)

0.0

–FU

(UL)

Defaults

0.0

A68 A68

–FR

(Jpn)

0.0

Units

Drive Parameters

Configuring

A_64, A_66,

A_68

Jump (hysteresis) frequency width setting

JUMP W1 00.50Hz JUMP W2 00.50Hz JUMP W3 00.50Hz

Defines the distance from the center frequency at which the jump around occurs Range is 0.0 to 10.0 Hz

✘ 0.5

0.5

3–18

PID Control

“A” Group: Standard Functions

When enabled, the built-in PID loop calculates an ideal inverter output value to cause a loop feedback process variable (PV) to move closer in value to the setpoint (SP). The current frequency command serves as the SP. The PID loop algorithm will read the analog input for the process variable (you specify the current or voltage input) and calculate the output.

• A scale factor in A_75 lets you multiply the PV by a factor, converting it into engineering units for the process.

• Proportional, integral, and derivative gains are all adjustable.

Configuring

•See “

Func.

Code

A_71 PID Enable Enables PID function,

PID SW OFF

A_72 PID proportional gain Proportional gain has a range

PID P 1.0

A_73 PID integral time

constant

PID I 001.0s

A_74 PID derivative time

Drive Parameters

A_75 PV scale conversion Process Variable (PV) scale

constant

PID D 00.0

PID CONV 01.00

PID Loop Operation” on page 4–32 for more information.

“A” Function

Name /

SRW Display

two option codes: 00 ...PID Disable 01 ...PID Enable

of 0.2 to 5.0

Integral time constant has a range of 0.0 to 150 seconds

Derivative time constant has a range of 0.0 to 100 seconds

factor (multiplier), range of

0.01 to 99.99

Description

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ 00 00 00 —

✘ 1.0 1.0 1.0 —

✘ 1.0 1.0 1.0 sec.

✘ 0.0 0.0 0.0 sec.

✘ 1.00 1.00 1.00 —

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

A_76 PV source setting Selects source of Process

PID INPT CUR

Variable (PV), option codes: 00 ...[OI] terminal (current in) 01 ...[O] terminal (voltage in)

NOTE: The setting A_73 for the integrator is the integrator’s time constant Ti, not the gain. The integrator gain Ki = 1/Ti. When you set A_73 = 0, the integrator is disabled.

✘ 00 00 00 —

Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) Function

The automatic voltage regulation (AVR) feature keeps the inverter output waveform at a relatively constant amplitude during power input fluctuations. This can be useful if the installation is subject to input voltage fluctuations. However, the inverter cannot boost its motor output to a voltage higher than the power input voltage. If you enable this feature, be sure to select the proper voltage class setting for your motor.

L100 Inverter

3–19

“A” Function

Func.

Code

A_81 AVR function select Automatic (output) voltage

AVR MODE DOFF

A_82 AVR voltage select 200V class inverter settings:

AVR AC 230V

Name /

SRW Display

Description

regulation, selects from three type of AVR functions, three option codes: 00 ...AVR enabled 01 ...AVR disabled 02 ...AVR enabled except during deceleration

.......200/220/230/240

400V class inverter settings:

.......380/400/415/440/460

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ 02 00 02 —

✘ 230/

400

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

230/

460

–FR

(Jpn)

200/

400

Units

Drive Parameters

Configuring

3–20

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Second Acceleration and Deceleration Functions

The L100 inverter features two-stage acceleration and deceleration ramps. This gives flexibility in the profile shape. You can specify the frequency transition point, the point at which the standard acceleration (F_02) or deceleration (F_03) changes to the second acceleration (A_92) or deceleration (A_93). Select a transition frequency method via A_94 as depicted below.

Configuring

A_94=00 A_94=01

Output

frequency

2CH input

Func.

Code

A_92 Acceleration (2) time

setting

ACC 2 0015.0s

A_93 Deceleration (2) time

Drive Parameters

setting

DEC 2 0015.0s

Name /

SRW Display

Transition via 2CH input Transition via freq. level

Output

frequency

Accel 2

Accel 1

1 0

“A” Function

Description

Duration of 2nd segment of acceleration, range is:

0.1 to 3000 sec.

Duration of 2nd segment of deceleration, range is:

0.1 to 3000 sec.

A95

Run

Mode

Edit

✔ 15.0 15.0 15.0 sec.

Accel 2

Accel 1

–FE

(CE)

transition point

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

Frequency

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

A_94 Select method to switch

to Acc2/Dec2 profile

ACC CHG TM

A_95 Acc1 to Acc2 frequency

transition point

ACC CHFr 000.0Hz

A_96 Dec1 to Dec2 frequency

transition point

DEC CHFr 000.0Hz

NOTE: For A_95 and A_96, if you set a very rapid Acc1 or Dec1 time (less than 1.0 second), the inverter may not be able to change rates to Acc2 or Dec2 before reaching the target frequency. In that case, the inverter decreases the rate of Acc1 or Dec1 in order to achieve the second ramp to the target frequency.

Two options for switching from 1st to 2nd accel/decel: 00 ...2CH input from terminal 01 ...transition frequency

Output frequency at which Accel1 switches to Accel2, range is 0.0 to 360.0 Hz

Output frequency at which Decel1 switches to Decel2, range is 0.0 to 360.0 Hz

✘ 00 00 00 —

✘ 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hz

Accel/Decel

L100 Inverter

3–21

Standard acceleration and deceleration is linear. The inverter CPU can also calculate an S-curve acceleration or deceleration curve as shown. This profile is useful for favoring the load characteristics in particular applications.

Curve settings for acceleration and deceleration are independently selected. To enable the S-curve, use function A_97 (acceleration) and A_98 (deceleration).

Func.

Code

A_97 Acceleration curve

selection

ACCEL LINE L

A_98 Deceleration curve

selection

DEC LINE L

Name /

SRW Display

“A” Function

Set the characteristic curve of Acc1 and Acc2, two options: 00 ...linear 01 ...S-curve

Description

Output

frequency

Target

freq.

Run

Mode

Edit

Accel. curve selection

Linear

S-curve

Acceleration period

Defaults

–FE

(CE)

✘ 00 00 00 —

–FU

(UL)

A_97=00

A_97=01

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

Drive Parameters

Configuring

3–22

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

The “B” Group of functions and parameters adjust some of the more subtle but useful aspects of motor control and system configuration.

Automatic Restart Mode

The restart mode determines how the inverter will resume operation after a fault causes a trip event. The four options provide advantages for various situations. Frequency matching allows the inverter to read the motor speed by virtue of its residual magnetic flux and restart the output at the corresponding frequency. The inverter can attempt a restart a certain number of times depending on the particular trip event:

• Over-current trip, restart up to 3 times

• Over-voltage trip, restart up to 3 times

• Under-voltage trip, restart up to 16 times

When the inverter reaches the maximum number of restarts (3 or 16), you must powercycle the inverter to reset its operation.

Configuring

Drive Parameters

Other parameters specify the allowable under-voltage level and the delay time before restarting. The proper settings depend on the typical fault conditions for your application, the necessity of restarting the process in unattended situations, and whether restarting is always safe.

Power failure < allowable power fail

time (B_02), inverter resumes

Input

power

Inverter

output

Motor

speed

Allowable

power fail time

Retry wait time

B02

free-running

Power fail

B03

Power failure > allowable power fail

time (B_02), inverter trips

Input

power

Inverter

output

Motor

speed

Power fail

B02

free-running

Allowable

power fail time

L100 Inverter

3–23

“B” Function

Func.

Code

B_01 Selection of restart

mode

IPS POWR ALM

B_02 Allowable under-

voltage power failure time

IPS UVTIME 01.0s

B_03 Retry wait time before

motor restart

IPS WAIT 001.0s

Name /

SRW Display

Description

Select inverter restart method, four option codes: 00 ...Alarm output after trip, no automatic restart 01 ...Restart at 0Hz 02 ...Resume operation after frequency matching 03 ...Resume previous freq. after freq. matching, then decelerate to stop and display trip info.

The amount of time a power input under-voltage can occur without tripping the power failure alarm. Range is 0.3 to 25 sec. If under-voltage exists longer than this time, the inverter trips, even if the restart mode is selected.

Time delay after under-voltage condition goes away, before the inverter runs motor again. Range is 0.3 to 100 seconds.

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ 00 00 00 —

✘ 1.0 1.0 1.0 sec.

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

Drive Parameters

Configuring

3–24

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

Electronic Thermal Overload Alarm Setting

The thermal overload detection protects the inverter and motor from overheating due to an excessive load. It uses a current/inverse time curve to determine the trip point.

First, use B_13 to select the torque characteristic that matches your load. This allows the inverter to utilize the best thermal overload characteristic for your application.

The torque developed in a motor is directly proportional to the current in the windings, which is also proportional to the heat generated (and temperature, over time). Therefore, you must set the thermal overload threshold in terms of current (amperes) for parameter B_12. The range is 50% to 120% of the rated current for each inverter model. If the current exceeds the level you specify, the inverter will trip and log an event (error E05) in the history table. The inverter turns the motor output OFF when tripped.

Func.

Code

B_12 Level of electronic

thermal setting

E-THM LVL 03.00A

Name /

SRW Display

“B” Function

Set a level between 50% and 120% for the rated inverter current.

Description

To rque

100%

80%

60%

Constant torque

Reduced

torque

B_13=00

520 60 120

Output frequency

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ Rated current for each

inverter model

*See note

B_13=01

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

Configuring

B_13 Electronic thermal

characteristic

Drive Parameters

E-THM CHAR CRT

NOTE: For inverter models 005NFE, 011NFE, and 030HFE, the thermal value is less than the rated amperes (is the same as models 004NFE, 007NFE, and 040HFE respectively). Therefore, be sure to set the electronic thermal overload according to the actual motor driven by the particular inverter.

Select from two curves, option codes: 00 ...Reduced torque 01 ...Constant torque

✘ 01 01 00 —

Overload Restriction

L100 Inverter

3–25

If the inverter’s output current exceeds a preset current level you specify during acceleration or constant speed, the overload restriction feature automatically reduces the output frequency to restrict the overload. This feature does not generate an alarm or

Motor

Current

Restriction area

B22

trip event. You can instruct the inverter to apply overload restriction only during constant speed, thus allowing higher

Output

frequency

currents for acceleration. Or, you may use the same threshold for both acceleration and constant speed. In the case of controlled deceleration, the inverter monitors both

B23

output current and DC bus voltage. The inverter will increase output frequency to try to avoid a trip due to over-current or over-voltage (due to regeneration).

When the inverter detects an overload, it must decelerate the motor to reduce the current until it is less than the threshold. You can choose the rate of deceleration that the inverter uses to lower the output current.

Drive Parameters

Configuring

“B” Function

Func.

Code

B_21 Overload restriction

operation mode

OLOAD MODE ON

B_22 Overload restriction

setting

OLOAD LVL 03.75A

B_23 Deceleration rate at

overload restriction

OLOAD CONST 01.0

Name /

SRW Display

Description

Select the operating mode during overload conditions, three options, option codes: 00 ...Disabled 01 ...Enabled for acceleration and constant speed 02 ...Enabled for constant speed only

Sets the level for overload restriction, between 50% and 150% of the rated current of the inverter, setting resolution is 1% of rated current

Sets the deceleration rate when inverter detects overload, range is 0.1 to 30.0, resolution is 0.1.

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ 01 01 01 —

✘ Rated current x 1.25 A

✘ 1.0 1.0 1.0 —

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

3–26

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

Software Lock Mode

The software lock function keeps personnel from accidentally changing parameters in the inverter memory. Use B_31 to select from various protection levels.

The table below lists all combinations of B_31 option codes and the ON/OFF state of the [SFT] input. Each Check ✔ or Ex ✘ indicates whether the corresponding parameter(s) can be edited.

Run

Mode

Edit

The Standard Parameters column below shows access is permitted for some lock modes. These refer to the parameter tables throughout this chapter, each of which includes a column titled

✘

✔

Run Mode Edit as shown to the right. The marks (Check ✔ or Ex ✘) under the “Run Mode Edit” column title indicate whether access applies to each parameter as defined in the table below. In some lock modes, you can edit only F_01 and the Multi-speed parameter group that includes A_20, A220, A_21–A_35, and A_38 (Jog). However, it does not include A_19, Multi-speed operation selection. The editing access to B_31 itself is unique, and is specified in the right-most two columns below.

B_31 Lock

Mode

00 OFF ✔ Run mode

01 OFF ✔ Run mode

[SFT]

Intelligent

Input

ON ✘✘ ✘✔✘

Standard Parameters

Stop Run Stop & Run Stop Run

edit access

F_01 and

Multi-Speed

✔✔✘

B_31

Configuring

Drive Parameters

ON ✘✘ ✔✔✘

02 (ignored) ✘✘ ✘✔✘

03 (ignored) ✘✘ ✔✔✘

NOTE: Since the software lock function B_31 is always accessible, this feature is not the same as password protection used in other industrial control devices.

L100 Inverter

3–27

“B” Function

Func.

Code

B_31 Software lock mode

selection

S-LOCK MD1

Name /

SRW Display

NOTE: To disable parameter editing when using B_31 lock modes 00 and 01, assign the

[SFT] function to one of the intelligent input terminals. See “Software Lock” on page 4–17.

Description

Prevents parameter changes, in four options, option codes: 00 ...all parameters except B_31 are locked when [SFT] terminal is ON 01 ...all parameters except B_31 and output frequency F01 when SFT from terminal is ON 02 ...all parameters except B_31 are locked 03 ...all parameters except B_31 and output frequency F_01 setting are locked

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ 01 01 01 —

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

Drive Parameters

Configuring

3–28

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

Miscellaneous Settings

The miscellaneous settings include scaling factors, initialization modes, and others. This section covers some of the most important settings you may need to configure.

B_32: Reactive current setting – The inverter’s D_02 monitor function displays the motor current. The display accuracy is normally ±20%, provided that the following conditions exist:

• A single motor with standard frame size and characteristics is connected

• The inverter’s output frequency is at 50% or higher of the maximum output frequency

• The inverter’s output current is within the rated current

However, it will be necessary to calibrate the display accuracy via B_32 adjustment of the internal no-load reactive motor current if any of these conditions exist:

• The motor is smaller than the standard maximum recommended for the inverter

• The motor is a two-pole motor type

• Two or more motors are connected in parallel to the inverter (be sure to multiply the current by the number of motors when setting B_32)

Configuring

Drive Parameters

If you do not know the reactive or no-load current for your particular motor, you can calibrate the L100 as follows:

1. Connect the motor directly across the AC line with no load attached to the shaft.

WARNING: Use a disconnect switch or breaker to ensure that you do not connect the

motor or inverter to live wiring. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

2. Run the motor, and measure the no-load current with an AC current clamp, recording

the value.

3. Disconnect the motor from the AC line connection, and connect the motor to the

L100 inverter output (still with no load attached).

4. Run the motor at the base frequency (value of parameter A_03), and monitor the

motor current with function D_02.

5. If the D_02 display value does not match the current clamp value recorded in Step 2,

adjust parameter B_32 up or down until the best match is achieved.

NOTE: Parameter setting B_32 affects the inverter’s electronic thermal protection (B_12 setting) and its overload restriction function (B_22 setting).

B_83: Carrier frequency adjustment – The internal switching frequency of the inverter circuitry (also called the chopper frequency). It is called the carrier frequency because the lower AC output frequency of the inverter “rides” the carrier. The faint, high-pitched sound you hear when the inverter is in Run Mode is characteristic of switching power supplies in general. The carrier frequency is adjustable from 500 Hz to 16 kHz. The audible sound decreases at the higher frequencies, but RFI noise and leakage current may be increased. Refer to the specification derating curves in Chapter 1 to determine the maximum allowable carrier frequency setting for your particular inverter and environmental conditions.

L100 Inverter

3–29

NOTE: When DC braking is performed, the inverter automatically holds the carrier frequency at 1 kHz.

NOTE: The carrier frequency setting must stay within specified limits for invertermotor applications that must comply with particular regulatory agencies. For example, a European CE-approved application requires the inverter carrier to be less than 5 kHz.

B_84, B_85: Initialization codes – These functions allow you to restore the factory default settings. Please refer to “

B_86: Frequency display scaling – You can convert the output frequency monitor on D_01 to a scaled number (engineering units) monitored at function D_07. For example, the motor may run a conveyor that is monitored in feet per minute. Use this formula:

Scaled output frequency (D_07) Output frequency (D_01) Factor (B_86)×=

Restoring Factory Default Settings” on page 6–8.

“B” Function

Func.

Code

B_32 Reactive current setting Calibrate detection of motor’s

IO 0.00A

B_81 [FM] terminal analog

meter adjustment

ADJ 080

B_82 Start frequency adjust-

ment

Fmin 0.5Hz

B_83 Carrier frequency

setting

CARRIER 05.0kHz

B_84 Initialization mode

(parameters or trip history)

INIT MODE TRP

Name /

SRW Display

Description

no load (reactive) current to improve D_02 display accuracy, range is 0 to 32 Amperes

Adjust 8-bit gain to analog meter connected to terminal [FM], range is 0 to 255

Sets the starting frequency for the inverter output, range is 0.5 to 9.9 Hz

Sets the PWM carrier (internal switching frequency), range is

0.5 to 16.0 kHz

Select the type of initialization to occur, two option codes: 00 ...Trip history clear 01 ...Parameter initialization

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✔ 58% rated current A

✔ 80 80 80 —

✘ 0.5 0.5 0.5 Hz

✘ 5.0 5.0 12.0 kHz

✘ 00 00 00 —

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

Drive Parameters

Configuring

B_85 Country code for initial-

ization

INIT SEL USA

Select default parameter values for country on initialization, four options, option codes: 00 ...Japan version 01 ...Europe version 02 ...US version 03 ...reserved (do not set)

✘ 01 02 00 —

3–30

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

“B” Function

Func.

Code

B_86 Frequency scaling

conversion factor

/Hz01.0 0.00

B_87 STOP key enable Select whether the STOP key

STOP-SW ON

Name /

SRW Display

Description

Specify a constant to scale the displayed frequency for D_07 monitor, range is 0.1 to 99.9

on the keypad is enabled, two option codes: 00 ...enabled 01 ...disabled

B_88: Restart Mode Configuration – You can configure how the inverter resumes motor output control after a free-run stop. Setting B_88 determines whether the inverter will ensure the motor always resumes at 0 Hz, or whether the motor resumes from its current coasting speed (also called frequency matching). The Run command may turn OFF briefly, allowing the motor to coast to a slower speed from which normal operation can resume.

In most applications a controlled deceleration is desirable. However, applications such as HVAC fan control will often use a free-run stop. This practice decreases dynamic stress on system components, prolonging system life. In this case, you will typically set B_88=01 in order to resume from the current speed after a free-run stop (see diagram below, right). Note that using the default setting, B_88=00, can cause trip events when the inverter attempts to force the load quickly to zero speed.

Run

Mode

Edit

–FE

(CE)

✘ 1.0 1.0 1.0 —

✘ 00 00 00 —

Defaults

–FU

(UL)

–FR

(Jpn)

Units

Configuring

Drive Parameters

NOTE: Other events can cause (or be configured to cause) a free-run stop, such as power loss (see “

Automatic Restart Mode” on page 3–22), or an intelligent input

terminal [FRS] signal. If all free-run stop behavior is important to your application (such as HVAC), be sure to configure each event accordingly.

An additional parameter further configures all instances of a free-run stop. Parameter B_03, Retry Wait Time Before Motor Restart, sets the minimum time the inverter will free-run. For example, if B_03 = 4 seconds and the cause of the free-run-stop lasts 10 seconds, the inverter will free-run (coast) for a total of 14 seconds before driving the motor again.

B_88=00 B_88=01

Motor speed

[FRS]

[FW, RV]

Resume from 0Hz

Zero-frequency start

Motor speed

[FRS]

[FW, RV]

Resume from current speed

B03

Wait time

Hitachi L100 User Manual 2

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Cover

Safety Messages

Definitions and Symbols

Hazardous High Voltage

General Precautions - Read These First!

Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual

Installation - Cautions for Mounting Procedures

Wiring - Warnings for Electrical Practices and Wire Specifications

Wiring - Cautions for Electrical Practices

Powerup Test Caution Messages

Warnings for Configuring Drive Parameters

Cautions for Configuring Drive Parameters

Warnings for Operations and Monitoring

Cautions for Operations and Monitoring

Warnings and Cautions for Troubleshooting and Maintenance

General Warnings and Cautions

UL® Cautions, Warnings, and Instructions

Wiring Warnings for Electrical Practices and Wire Sizes

Terminal Tightening Torque and Wire Size

Wire Connectors

Circuit Breaker and Fuse Sizes

Motor Overload Protection

Table of Contents

Revisions

Contact Information

Getting Started

Introduction

Main Features

Operator Interface Options

Inverter Specifications Label

Model Number Convention

L100 Inverter Specifications

Model-specific tables for 200V and 400V class inverters

General Specifications

Derating Curves

Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives

The Purpose of Motor Speed Control for Industry

What is an Inverter?

Torque and Constant Volts/Hertz Operation

Inverter Input and Three-Phase Power

Inverter Output to the Motor

Intelligent Functions and Parameters

Braking

Velocity Profiles

Frequently Asked Questions

Orientation to Inverter Features

Unpacking and Inspection

Main Physical Features

Basic System Description

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Choosing a Mounting Location

Ensure Adequate Ventilation

Keep Debris Out of Inverter Vents

Check Inverter Dimensions

Prepare for Wiring

Determining Wire and Fuse Sizes

Terminal Dimensions and Torque Specs

Wire the Inverter Input to a Supply

Wire the Inverter Output to Motor

Logic Control Wiring

Uncover the Inverter Vents

Powerup Test

Goals for the Powerup Test

Pre-test and Operational Precautions

Powering the Inverter

Using the Front Panel Keypad

Front Panel Introduction

Parameter Editing Controls

Keys, Modes, and Parameters

Keypad Navigational Map

Selecting Functions and Editing Parameters

Monitoring Parameters with the Display

Running the Motor

Powerup Test Observations and Summary

Choosing a Programming Device

Introduction