Hioki RM3545-01, RM3545, RM3545-02 User Manual

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Instruction Manual

RM3545 RM3545-01 RM3545-02

RESISTANCE METER

October 2013 Revised edition 1 RM3545A981-01 13-10H

Using This Instruction Manual

To do this… Refer to these sections in t his m anual.

Review important information

Start using the instrument right away

Learn more about instrument functions

Learn more about product specifications

Troubleshoot a problem

Learn more about resist ance measure ment

Learn more about communicat i o ns commands

Safety Informati o n (p.4) Operating Precautions (p.6)

Overview (p.19)

Search for the function in question in the table of contents (p.i) or the index (p.Index 1).

Specifications (p. 251)

Troubleshooting (p. 286)

Appendix (p . A1)

Communications Command Instruction Manual (on the application di sc)

Introduction.....................................................1

Verifying Package Contents...........................2

Safety Information..........................................4

Operating Precautions......... ..... ...... ..... ...........6

Chapter 1 Overview 19

1.1 Product Overview and Features ........19

1.2 Names and Functions of Parts ...........22

1.3 Measurement Process .......................25

1.4 Screen Organization and

Operation Overview ...........................27

1.5 Checking the Measurement Target ....33

Chapter 2 Measurement

Preparations 35

2.1 Connecting the Power Cord............... 35

2.2 Connecting Measurement Leads .......36

2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor or Thermometer with Analog Output

(When using the TC or T) ................37

 Connecting the Z2001 Temperature Sensor

...................................................................37

 Conn ect i ng an Anal o g Outp ut Th er mo meter

...................................................................39

2.4 Installing the Multiplexer Unit .............42

2.5 Turning the Power On and Off ...........43

 Turning On the Instrument with the

Main Power Switch ...................................43

 Turning Off the Instrument with the

Main Power Switch ...................................43

 Canceling the Standby State ....................43

 Placing the Instrument in the Standby State

......................... ....................... .................. 44

2.6 Pre-Operation Inspection ...................45

Chapter 3 Basic Measurements

3.1 Checking the Measurement Target ....48

3.2 Selecting the Measurement Range ....49

Contents

3.3 Setting the Measurement Speed ........50

3.4 Connecting Measurement Leads to the

Measurement Target ..........................51

3.5 Checking Measured Values ...............52

 Switching the Display ............................... 52

 Confirming Measurement Faults .............. 55

 Holding Measured Values ........................ 60

Chapter 4 Cu stom iz ing

Measurement Conditions 63

4.1 Switching to Low-power Resi stance

Measurement .....................................64

4.2 Switching Measurem en t Curre nts

(100 m to 100 ) ..............................66

4.3 Zero Adjustment .................................68

4.4 Stabilizing Measured Values

(Averaging Function) ..........................73

4.5 Correcting for the Effect s of Temper atur e

(Temperatu re Correction (TC)) ...........75

4.6 Correcting Measured Values and Displaying Physical Properties Other than Resistance Values

(Scaling Function) ..............................77

4.7 Changing the Number of Measured

Value Digits ........................................81

4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Of fset (Offset Voltage Compensation - OVC)

...........................................................82

4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay ........84

4.10 Checking for Poor or Improper Contact

(Contact Check Function) ...................88

4.11 Improving Probe Contact

(Contact Improver Function) ...............90

4.12 Maintaining Measurement Precision

(Self-Calibration) ................................92

4.13 Increasing the Precision of the 100 M Range (100 M High-precision Mode)

...........................................................96

Contents

Chapter 5 Judgment, Statistics,

and Conversion Functions 97

5.1 Judging Measured Valu es

(Comparator Function) .......................98

 Enabling and Disabli ng the Compa ra t or

Function ................ ................................. 100

 Decide According to Upper/Lower

Thresholds (ABS Mode) .................... ..... 101

 Decide According to Reference Value and

Tolerance (REF% Mode) ....................... 103

 Checking Judgments Using Sound

(Judgment Sound Setting Function) ...... 105

 Checking Judgments with the L2105 LED

Comparator Attachment (Option) ........... 107

5.2 Classifying Measurement Results

(BIN Measurement Function) ...........108

5.3 Performing Statist ica l Calcu l ati on s on

Measured Values .............................111

 Using Statistical Calculations ................. 112

 Confirming, Printing, and Erasing

Calculation Results ................................ 114

5.4 Performing Temperature Rise Test (Temperat ure Conversion Function (T))

..........................................................116

Chapter 6 Saving and Loading

Panels (Saving and Loading Measurement Conditions)

119

6.1 Saving Measurement Conditions

(Panel Save Function) ......................120

6.2 Loading Measurement Conditions

(Panel Load Function) ......................121

 Preventing Loading of Zero-adjustment

Values ........................ ............................ 122

6.3 Changing Panel Names ...................123

6.4 Deleting Panel Data .........................124

 Disabling Key Operations

(Key-Lock Function) ... .... ..... ..... .............. 126

 Re-Enabling Key Operations

(Key-Lock Cancel) .................................. 127

7.2 Ena bling or Disabling the Key Beeper

......................................................... 128

7.3 Power Line Frequency Manual Setting

......................................................... 129

7.4 Adjusting Screen Contrast ............... 131

7.5 Adjusting the Backlight ........... ...... ...132

7.6 Setting the Clock ..............................133

7.7 Initializing (Reset) ............................134

 Default Settings ...................................... 136

Chapter 8 Multiplexer 139

8.1 About the Multiplexer .......................140

 Connector Type and Pinouts .................. 143

 About multiplexer wiring ......................... 145

8.2 Internal Circuitry ............................ ...146

 Electrical Specifications ......................... 147

8.3 Multiplexer Settings ......................... 148

 Configuring Multiplexer Settings ............148

 Customizing Channel Pin Allocation ......152

 Setting Basic Measurement Conditions and

Total Judgment Conditions for Individual

Channels ........................ ........................ 156

 Customizing Measurement Conditions for

Individual Channels ................................ 160

8.4 Measuring with the Multiplexer ........ 161

 Measuring While Switching Channels

Manually ................ ........................ ......... 161

 Performing Scan Measurement ............. 162

8.5 Zero Adjustment (When a Multiplexer Unit Has Been

Installed) .......................................... 163

 Performing zero-adjustment ................... 163

 Canceling zero-adjustment .................... 164

8.6 Performing the Multiplexer Unit

Test ..................................................166

8.7 Example Connections and Settings

......................................................... 168

Chapter 7 System Settings 125

7.1 Disabling and Enabling Key Operations

.........................................................126

Chapter 9 D/A Output 175

9.1 Connecting D/A Output ....................175

9.2 D/A Output Specifications ................176

Chapter 10External Control

(EXT I/O) 177

10.1 External Input/Output Connecto r

and Signals...................................... 178

 Switching between Current Sink (NPN) and

Current Source (PNP) .............................178

 Conn ect or Typ e and Signal Pino ut s .......179

 Signal Descriptions .................................181

10.2 Timing Chart .................................... 187

 From Start of Measurement to Acquisition

of Judgment Results ...............................187

 BCD Signal Timing .................................191

 Zero-adjustment timing ...........................192

 Self-calibration timing .............................193

 Cont act imp rov er timin g .......... ..... ...........196

 Panel Load Timing ..................................197

 Mult iplex er Tim ing ........................ ..... ......198

 Output Signal State at Power-On ...........201

 Acquisition Process When Using an

External Trigger ..................................... .202

10.3 Internal Circuitry ...............................204

 Electrical Specifications ..........................206

 Connection Examples .................. ..... ..... .207

10.4 External I/O Settings ........................208

 Setting Measurement Start Conditions

(Trigger Source) ......................................208

 Setting the TRIG Signal Logic ................210

 Eliminating TRIG/PRINT Signal Chatter

(Filter Function) .... ..... ..... ......................... 21 2

 Setting EOM Signal ................................214

 Switching Output Modes

(JUDGE Mode/ BCD Mode) ....................216

10.5 Checking External Control ...............217

 Performing an I/O Test

(EXT I/O Test Function) .................... ..... .217

10.6 Supplied Connector Assembly .........219

Chapter 11Communications

(USB/ RS-232C/ GP-IB Interface) 221

11.1 Overview and Features ....................221

 Specif ications ....... ............... .............. ...... 222

11.2 Preparations before Use

(Connections and Settings) ..............223

 Using the USB Interface .........................223

 Using the RS-232C Interface ..................226

iii

Contents

 Using the GP-IB Interface

(RM3545-01 only) .................................. 230

11.3 Controlling the Instrument with

Commands and Acquiring Data .......232

 Remo te and Local S tate s .... .... ............... 232

 Displaying Communications Commands

(Communications Monitor Function) ...... 233

 Acquiring Measured Values at Once

(Data Memory Function) ........................ 235

11.4 Auto-Exporting Measured Values (at End of Measurement)

(Data Output Function) .....................236

Chapter 12Printing (Using an

RS-232C Printer) 239

12.1 Connecting the Printer to the Instrument

..........................................................239

12.2 Printing .............................................242

 Printing Measured Values and Comparator

Judgments ............................................. 242

 Printing List of Measurement Conditions

and Settings ........................................... 243

 Printing Statistical Calculation Results ... 247

Chapter 13Specifications 251

13.1 Instrument Specifications .................251

 Measurement Ranges ............................ 251

 Measurement Method ............................ 251

 Measurement Specifications .................. 252

 About Instrument Accuracy .................... 259

 Functions ............................................... 260

 Inte rface .............................. ................... 271

 Environment and Safety Specifications . 278

 Acce sso ries . ..... ................................. ..... 278

 O ptions ........ ......... ..... .......... ......... .......... 278

13.2 Z3003 Multiplexer Unit .....................279

 General Specifications ........................... 279

 Measurement Specifications .................. 281

 About Instrument Accuracy .................... 282

 Functions ............................................... 283

 Environment and Safety Specifications . 283

 Acce sso ries . ..... ................................. ..... 283

Appendix

Index

Contents

Chapter 14 Maintenance and

Service 285

14.1 Troubleshooting ................................286

 Q&A (Frequently Asked Questions) ....... 286

 Error Displays and Remedies ................ 298

14.2 Replacing the Measurement Circuit’s

Protective Fuse ................................302

14.3 Inspection and Repair ......................303

14.4 Disposing of the Instrument ..............304

 Removing the Lithium Battery ................ 304

Appendix A 1

Appendix 1Block Diagram..........................A 1

Appendix 2Four-Terminal (Voltage-Drop)

Method..................................... A 2

Appendix 3DC and AC Measurement........A 3

Appendix 4 Temperature Correction (TC)

Function...................................A 4

Appendix 5Temperature Conversion (T)

Function...................................A 6

Appendix 6Zero Adjustment.......................A 7

Appendix 7Unstable Measured Values.... A 12

Appendix 8Mitigating Noise .....................A 19

Appendix 9Effect of Thermal EMF........... A 23

Appendix 10Detecting the Location of a Short

on a Printed Circuit Board......A 25

Appendix 11Measuring Contact Resistance

............................. ..................A 26

Appendix 12JEC 2137 Induction Machine-

compliant Resistance Measure-

ment.......................................A 28

Appendix 13Making Your Own Measurement

Leads, Making Connections to the

Multiplexer..............................A 29

Appendix 14Checking Measurement Faults

............................. ..................A 32

Appendix 15Using the Instrument with a

Withstanding Voltage Tester.. A 33 Appendix 16Measurement Leads (Options)

............................. ..................A 34

Appendix 17Rack Mounting......................A 35

Appendix 18Outline Drawing....................A 37

Appendix 19Calibration............................A 38

Appendix 20Adjustment Procedure..........A 43

Appendix 21Instrument Settings (Memo)..A 44

Index Index 1

Introduction

Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI Model RM3545/ RM3545-01/ RM3545-02 Resistance Meter. To obtain maximum performance from the instrument, please read this manual first, and keep it handy for future reference.

Model RM3545-01 is the same as the RM3545, but with GP-IB included. Model RM3545-02 is the same as the RM3545, but Multiplexer Slot included.

Registered tradem ar ks

Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.

Confirm that these contents are provided.

 Model RM3545 or

RM3545-01 (with GP-IB included) or RM3545-02 (with Multiplexer

Slot included)..1

 Power Cord (2-line + ground) (p. 35).............1

 Model L2101 Clip Type Lead .........................1

 Model Z2001 Temperature Sensor ................1

 EXT I/O Male Connector (p. 219)...................1

 Instruction Manual (This document)... 1

 Application disc (CD)*........................1

(Communications Command Instruction Ma nual, USB dr iver )

 USB cable (A-B type).........................1

 Spare Fuse (F1.6AH/250V) ...............1

* The latest version of the application disc can be downloaded from the Hioki web site.

Verifying Package Contents

Inspection

Content confirmation

Options

Measurement

 Model L2101 Clip Type Lead

 Model L2102 Pin Type Lead

 Model L2103 Pin Type Lead

 Model L2104 4-Terminal Lead

Interface Cables

 Model 9637 RS-232C Cable (9pin-9pin/ 1.8 m/ crossover cable)  Model 9638 RS-232C Cable (9pin-25pin/ 1.8 m/ crossover cable)  Model 9151-02 GP-IB Connector Cable (2 m)

 Model L2105 LED Comparator Attachment

 Model Z2001 Temperature Sensor

Multiplexer Unit

 Model Z3003 Multi pl exer Unit

Contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller for details.

See: "Appendix 16 Measurement Leads (Options)" (p. A34)

Verifying Package Contents

Safety Information

This instrument is designed to conform to IEC 61010 Safety Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment. However, using the instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate the provided safety features. Before using the instrument, be certain to carefully read the following safety notes.

Mishandling during use could result in injury or death, as well as damage to the product. Be certain that you understand the instructions and precautions in the manual before use.

With regard to the electricity supply, there are risks of electric shock, heat generation, fire, and arc discharge due to short circuits. If per sons unfamiliar with electricity measuring instruments are to use the product, another person familiar with such instruments must supervise operations.

This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe operation of the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating condition. Before using it, be sure to carefully read the following safety precautions.

Safety Symbols

In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly important information that the user should read before using the instrument.

The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to a corresponding topic in the manual (marked with the symbol) before using the relevant function.

Indicates AC (Alternating Current). Indicates the ON side of the power switch. Indicates the OFF side of the power switch. Indicates a fuse.

The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance of cautions and warnings.

Indicates that incorrect operation presents an extreme hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the user.

Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the user.

Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility of injury to the user or damage to the instrument.

Indicates advisory items related to performance or correct operation of the instrument.

Safety Information

Symbols for Various Standards

This symbol indicates that the product conforms to regulations set out by the EC Directive.

WEEE marking: This symbol indicates that the electrical and electronic appliance is put on the EU market after August 13, 2005, and producers of the Member States are required to display it on the appliance under Article 11.2 of Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE).

Other Symbols

Indicates the prohibited action.

(p. )

[ ] SET

(Bold characters)

Unless otherwise specified, “Windows” represents Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8.

Indicates the location of reference information.

Indicates that descriptive information is provided below. Square brackets indicate instrument display labels (such as setting item names).

Bold characters within the text indicate operating key labels.

Accuracy

We define measur ement tol erance s in te rms o f f. s. (fu ll scal e), rd g. (r eading ) and dgt. (di git) va lues , wit h the following meanings.

f.s.

rdg.

dgt.

See: "Example accuracy calculations" (p. 259)

(maximum display value) This is usually the name of the maximum displayable value. For this instrument , it indicates the currently selected range.

(reading or displayed value) The value currently being me as ur ed and ind ica ted on the measuring instrument .

(resolution) The smallest displaya bl e un it on a di gi tal measuring instrument, i.e., the input val ue that causes the digital display to show a “1” as the least-significant digit.

Operating Precautions

Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benefits of the various functions.

Preliminary Checks

Before using the instrument for the first time, verify that it operates normally to ensure that no damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you find any damage, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.

Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the power cord, leads or cabl es i s undamaged and that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Using the instrument in such condi tions could cause an electric shock, so contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller for replacements.

Instrument Installation

The instrument can be used with the stand (p. 24). It can also be rack-mounted. (p. A35).

50 mm or more

10 mm or more

Rear

50 mm or more

Operating temperature and humidity: 0 to 40°C at 80% RH or less (non-condensating) Storage temperature and humidity : -10°C to 50°C at 80% RH or less (non-condensating)

Avoid the following locations that could cause an accident or damage to the instrument.

Correct measurement may be impossible in the presence of strong magnetic fields, such as near transformers and high-current conductors, or in the pre sence of strong electromagnetic fields such as near radio transmitters.

Exposed to direct sunlight Exposed to high temperature

Exposed to water, oil, other chemicals , or solvents Exposed to high humidity or condensation

Exposed to high levels of particulate dust

Subject to vibration

Operating Precautions

In the presence of corrosive or explosive gases

Exposed to strong electromagnetic fields Near electromagnetic radiators

Near induction heating systems (e.g., high-frequency induction heating systems and IH cooking utensils)

Installation Precautions

• The instrumen t should be operated only with the bottom downwards.

• Do not place the instrument on an unstable or slanted surface.

Unplugging the power cord kills power to the instrument. Be sure to provide enough unobstructed space to unplug the power cord immediately in an emergency.

Operating Precautions

Handling the Instrument

• Do not allow the instrument t o get w et , a nd do not take measurements

with wet hands. This may cause an electric shock.

• Do not attempt to modify, disassemble or repair the instrument; as

fire, electric shock and injury could result.

• To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from physical shock when

transporting and handling. Be especially careful to avoid physical shock from dropping.

• To avoid damage to the instrument, do not apply voltage or current to mea-

surement terminals, TEMP.SENSOR jack, TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block, COMP.OUT jack, or D/A OUTPUT terminal block.

• This instrument may cause interference if used in residential areas. Such

use must be avoided unless the user takes special measures to reduce electromagnetic emissions to prevent interference to the reception of radio and television broadcasts.

• Use the original packing materials when transporting the instrument, if pos-

sible.

Handling the Cords and Leads

To avoid electrical shock, be careful t o avoid shorting live lines with the test leads.

• Avoid stepping o n or pinching cables, which could damage t he cable insul a-

tion.

• To avoid breaking cables or lead wires, do not bend or pull them.

• To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when

unplugging it from the power outlet.

• To avoid damaging the cable, grasp the connector, not the cable, when

unplugging the cable.

• The ends of the pin type lead are sharp. Be careful to avoid injury.

• Keep the cables well away from heat sources, as bare conductors could be

exposed if the insulation melts.

• Temperature sensors are precision devices. Be aware that excessive volt-

age pulses or static discharges can destroy the film.

• Avoid subjecting the temperature sensor tip to physical shock, and avoid

sharp bends in the leads. These may damage the probe or break a wire.

• Use only the specified cords and leads. Using a non-specified cord or lead

may result in incorrect measurements due to poor connection or other reasons.

• If the part of the temperature sensor that connects to the instrument

becomes dirty, wipe it clean. The presence of dirt may affect temperature measured values by increasing the contact resistance.

• Exercise care so that the temperature sensor connector does not become

disconnected. (If the sensor is disconnected, it will not be possible to perform temperature correction or temperature conversion.)

Operating Precautions

CD-R disc precautions

• Exercise care to keep the recorded side of discs free of dirt and scratches.

When writing text on a disc’s label, use a pen or marker with a soft tip.

• Keep discs inside a protective case and do not expose to direct sunlight,

high temperature, or high humidity.

• Hioki is not liable for any issues your computer system experiences in the

course of using this disc.

Operating Precautions

Before Connecting the Power Cord

• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifications

of this instrument, connect the power cord provided only to a 3-contact (two-conductor + ground) ou tl et .

• Use only the design ate d power cord with this instrument. Use of other

power cords may cause fire.

• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the

power cord is undamaged and that no bare conduct ors are impr operly exposed. Any damage could cause electric shock, so contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.

To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when unplugging it from the power outlet.

Before Connecting Measuremen t Leads

To avoid shock and short circuits, turn off all power before connecting measurement leads.

Before Connecting the LED Comparator Attachment

• To keep from damaging the instrument or LED Comparator Attachment,

turn off the instrument before connecting the attachment.

• The COMP.OUT jack is provided exclusively for use with the L2105. Do not

connect any device other than the L2105.

• The attachment may not fulfill the specifications if the connector is not

attached securely.

• Do not over-tighten the cable tie around the measurement leads. Doing so

may damage the measurement leads.

• Avoid the following as damage to the cable conductor or insulation may

result: Twisting or pulling on cables Bending cables near the lamp excessively in order to connect them

Before Connecting the Temperature Sensor

Failure to fasten the connectors properly may result in sub-specification performance or damage to the equipment.

Note the following precautions to avoid damaging the instrument:

• To keep from damaging the instrument or temperature sensor, turn off the

instrument’s main power switch before connecting the sensor.

• Connect the temperature sensor by inserting the plug all the way into the

TEMP.SENSOR jack. A loose connection can cause a large error component in measured values.

• If the temperature sensor jack becomes di rty, wipe it clean. The pr esence of

dirt will cause an error in temperature measured values.

• When connecting the temperature sensor, do not connect anything to the

TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block. Doing so may cause erroneous measured values to be displayed.

Before Connecting the Thermometer

• Note that thermometer circuit is grounded. To avoid electric shock

accidents or damage to the instrument, do not connect an analog output thermometer to the TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block that ha s any potential offset from ground.

• Failure to fasten the connectors properly may result in sub-specifica-

tion performance or damage to the equipment.

Operating Precautions

Note the following precautions to avoid damaging the instrument:

• Before connecting a thermometer t o t he instrument, confirm that any power

to the instrument and thermometer is turned OFF.

• Allowable input voltage from an analog thermometer is 0 to 2 V (between

terminal contacts). Do not apply voltage exceeding this range.

• With thermometers providing 4 to 20 mA output, connect a shunt resistance

of about 50  before connecting, and convert the resulting voltage.

• When connecting the thermometer, do not connect anything to the

TEMP.SENSOR jack. Doing so may cause erroneous measured values to be displayed.

Operating Precautions

Before Connecting Data Cables (US B, RS-232C, GP-IB)

• Failure to fasten the connectors properly may result in sub-specifica-

tion performance or damage to the equipment.

• Always turn both devices OFF when connecting and di sconnecting an

interface (except USB) connector. Otherwise, an electric shock accident may occur.

Observe the following precautions when connecting the instrument and a controller:

• To avoid faults, do not disconnect or reconnect the USB cable d uring instru-

ment operation.

• The USB, RS-232C, and GP-IB interfaces are not isolated from the ground

circuit. Connect the instrument and the controller to a common earth ground. Using different grounds could result in potential difference between the instrument and the controller. Potential difference on the data cable can result in malfunctions and faults.

Before Connecting the Printer

Because electric shock and instrument damage hazards are present, always follow the steps below when connecting the printer.

• Always turn off the instrument and the printer before connecting.

• A serious hazard can occur if a wire becomes dislocated and contacts

another conductor during operation. Make certain connections are secure.

Before Switching between Current Sink (NPN) and Current Source (PNP)

• Configure the NPN/PNP setting to accommodate externally connected

equipment.

• Do not operate the NPN/PNP switch while the instrument is on.

Before Connecting EXT I/O

To avoid electric shock or damage to the equipment, always observe the following precautions when connecting to the EXT I/O connect or.

• Always turn off the main power switch on the instrument and on any

devices to be connected before making connec tions.

• Be careful to avoid exceeding the ratings of external terminals (p.

206).

• During operation, a wire becoming dislocated and contacting another

conductive object can be serious hazard. Use screws to secure the external connectors.

• The ISO_5V pin of the EXT I/O connector is a 5V (NPN)/ -5V (PNP)

power output. Do n ot apply ext ernal power t o thi s pin. (Exte rnal p owe r cannot be supplied to the instrument’s EXT I/O connector.)

To avoid damage to the instrument, observe the following cautions:

• Do not apply voltage or current to the EXT I/O terminals that exceeds their

ratings.

• When driving relays, be sure to install diodes to absorb counter-electromo-

tive force.

• Be careful not to short-circuit ISO_5V to ISO_COM.

• Configure the NPN/PNP setting to accommodate externally connected

equipment.

• Do not operate the NPN/PNP switch while the instrument is on.

See: "Connector Type and Signal Pinouts" (p. 179)

Operating Precautions

Before Attaching a Multiplexer Unit Before Connecting the Multiplexer’s Connector

• To avoid electric shock, before removing or replacing a Multiplexer

Unit, confirm that the instrument’s main power switch is off and that the measurement leads, power cord, and all connectors have been disconnected.

• The mounting screws must be firmly tightened or the Multiplexer Unit

may not perform to specifications, or may even fail.

• Failure to fasten the connectors properly may result in sub-specifica-

tion performance or damage to the equipment.

• When connecting a measurement target with electromotive force (a

battery or power supply), take steps to protect against short-circu its.

• The Z3003 Multiplexer Unit’s maximum allowable voltage for contacts

is 33 V RMS/46.7 V peak, or 70 V DC. Do not connect directly to a dielectric strength tester or insulation resistance tester.

• To avoid the danger of electric shock, never operate the instrument

with a multiplexer unit removed. To use the instrument after removing a multiplexer unit, install a blank panel over the opening of the removed unit.

• When inserting in the unit, hold the metal plate. Directly touching the board

may cause damage of the unit or accuracy deteriorations in the higher resistance ranges due to the influence of static electricity. Taking countermeasures against static electricity (using antistatic devices such as a wrist strap) as well as wearing antistatic gloves are recommended.

• To prevent malfunctions when not using the Multiplexer Unit, store it using

the packaging materials in which it was delivered.

Before Using D/A Output

• To avoid electric shock and instrument damage when connecting a device

to the instrument’s D/A output terminal, turn off main power switch on the instrument and the device being connected and ensure that the measurement leads have been disconnected from the measurement target.

• The maximum output voltage that can be generated from the D/A output is

5 V . If the rated vol tage of the device being conne cted is less than 5.5 V, the connected device could be damaged.

• D/A output is not isolated from the gro und circuit. If the device connected to

D/A output is not isolated from the ground circuit, the error component in measured values will increase.

Before Turning Power On

Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage matches that indicated on its power connector. Connection to an improper supply voltage may damage the instrument and present an electrical hazard.

Avoid using an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or DC/AC inverter with rectangular wave or pseudo-sin e-wave output t o power t he instru ment. Doing so may damage the instrument.

Operating Precautions

The measurement target is connected to a power supply.

• Never attempt to measure at a point where volt-

age is present. Even if the power supply to the motor is turned off, while the motor is rotating inertially, high electromotive power is generated in terminals. When attempting to measure a transformer or motor immediately after voltage withstanding test, induced voltage or residual charge may damage the instrument.

Rotating inertially

• When the RM3545 is used in a way that connects to a withstanding voltage

tester via switching relays, construct a testing line bearing the following in mind.

See: "Appendix 15 Using the Instrument with a Withstanding Voltage Tester" (p. A33)

(1) The voltage withstanding specification of switching relays should

include a safe margin over the withstanding testing voltage.

(2) To protect against damage due to arc discharge in relay contacts, all

RM3545 measurement terminals should be grounded during voltage withstanding testing.

(3) To protect against damage due to residual charge, measure resistance

first, and voltage withstanding last.

3158 AC Withstanding Voltage HiTester RM3545

Withstand voltage of relay switch is not high enough.

Residual charge from voltage withstanding test is present.

Operating Precautions

Before Measuring

• To avoid electric shock or damage to the

instrument, do not apply voltage to the measurement terminals. Also, to avoid electrical accidents, only take measurements after turning off the power to the measurement targets being measured.

• Sparks may result at the moment the instrument is connected to, or

disconnected from, the measurement target. To avoid fire or bodily injury, avoid use in the presence of explosive gases.

• Battery internal resistance cannot be measured with this instrument. It will

sustain damage. To measure battery internal resistance, we recommend the HIOKI 3554, 3555, BT3562, BT3563 and 3561 Battery HiTesters.

• To obtain the guaranteed measurement accuracy, allow at least 60 minutes

warm-up.

• When measuring devices such as power supply transformers with high

inductance or open-type solenoid coils, measured value may be unstable. In such cases, connect a film capacitor of about 1 F between SOURCE A and SOURCE B.

• Carefully insulate all SOURCE A, SENSE A, SENSE B, and SOURCE B

wiring. Proper 4-terminal measurements cannot be performed and an error will occur if core and shield wires touch.

• The SOURCE terminal is protected by a fuse. If the fuse is tripped, the

instrument will display “

Blown Fuse.” and you will not be able to measure

resistance values. If the fuse is tripped, replace the fuse.

See: "14.2 Replacing the Measurement Circuit’s Protective Fuse" (p. 302)

• Since the instrument uses DC current for measurement, it may be affected

by thermal EMF, resulting in a measurement error . If so, use the Offset V o ltage Compensation function (OVC).

See: "4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset (Offset Voltage Compensation -

OVC)" (p. 82)

See: "Appendix 9 Effect of Thermal EMF" (p. A23)

When using the temperature sensor

The temperature sensor is not waterproof. Do not submerse it in water or other liquid.

Operating Precautions

• Allow the measurement target for which temperature correction is being

performed and the temperature sensor to adjust to the am bient temper ature prior to measurement. Failure to do so will result in a large error component.

• Handling of the temperature sensor with bare hands may cause the sensor

to pick up inductive noise, resulting in unstable measured values.

• The temperature sensor is designed for use in applications in which ambi-

ent temperature is measured. It is not possible to accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target itself by placing the sensor in contact with the surface of the target. Use of an infrared thermometer to perform correction is appropriate when there is a large temperature difference between the ambient environment and the measurement target.

• Connect the temperature sensor by inserting the plug all the way into the

TEMP.SENSOR jack. A loose connection may cause a large error component in measured values.

Operating Precautions

• Measurement range: 10 m to 1000 M/ Basic accuracy: 0.006%rdg.

• Maximum resolution: 10 n

Supports low-resistance measurement of current detection resistors, reactors, welds, etc.

• Up t o 1 G  range

Can be used in open testing of contacts.

• Discharge vol tage of 20 mV or less

Low-power measurement can be used in testing under IEC 60512-2 and other contact standards.

• Accuracy defined without zero-adjustmen t

Conduct measurement with peace of mind, even without performing zero-adjustment.

• Wiring resistance tolerance in low-resistance range: 1.5 

Measurement cables can be extended easily, even when using the 1 A measurement current range.

High-performance specifications to meet advanced development and production needs

1.1 Product Overview and Features

Overview Chapter 1

1.1 Product Overview and Features

The RM3545 is capable of performing high-speed, high-precision measurement of the winding resistance of components such as motors and transformers, the contact resistance of relays and switches, the pattern resistance of printed circuit boards, and the DC resistance of fuses, resistors, and materials such as conductive rubber using four-terminal measurement. Since the instrument incorporates a temperature correction function, it is particularly well suited to the measurement of targets whose resistance values vary with temperature. It also provides features such as a comparator function, communications, external control, and a multiplexer*, allowing it to be used in a wide range of applications, including in development work and on production lines.

* The multiplexer can be used with the RM3545-02.

LED Comparator Attachment (option)

Streamlines work by eliminating the need to look at the screen.

Graphical LCD

Operation is intuit ive and easy to l earn.

Easy configuration of comparator and panel load operation

Facilitates smooth se tup changes o n production lines.

Simple basic settings

Range and measurement speed can be set directly.

Guard terminal

You can reduce the effects of external noise by connecting the guard terminal.

Free power supply (100 to 240 V) with automatic frequency switching

Allows the instrument to be easily moved to overseas production lines.

Judgment sounds with user-selectable patterns

Keeps you from mistaking audio from a nearby operator ’s instrument as your own.

Easy-to-use functions in research and development, on production lines, or in acceptance inspections

Monitor and test functions

Provides robust support for line development by allowing you to check communications and E XT I/ O on th e screen.

Example communic ations monitor screen

Example EXT I/O test screen

Support for a variety of temperature sensors

You can connect a radiation thermometer with analog output in addition to the included sensor.

Extensive selection of interfaces

Standard USB, RS-2 32C, EXT I/O , and D/ A output interfaces

(The RM3545-01 also provides a GPIB interface.)

1.1 Product Overview and Features

• Measure up to 20 locations with 4-terminal measurement or 42 locations with

2-terminal measurement (when using two Z3003 units).

• Multipoint measurement

Allows measurement of network resistors, steering switches, 3-phase motors, etc.

• Total judgments

Outputs total judgment based on measurement results for tested locations.

• Comparator judgments based on measurement results

Allows judgments to be based on comparisons with standard elements for measurement targets such as thermistors that are susceptible to the effects of temperature.

• External instrument connectivity

Allows multipoint measurement, including for external measuring instruments such as LCR meters.

Multiplexer support to allow multipoint measurement and total judgments (RM3545-02)

Z3003 Multiplexer Unit

Display Screen (Monochrome graphical LCD)

Display of measuremen ts and settings (p. 27)

Viewing Measured

Values and Settings

COMP indicator LEDs

Indicate the judgment result of the measured value (p.98).

Hi Measured value is above upper limit IN Pass (meets criteria) Lo Measured value is below lower limit

Viewing Comparator Results

MENU key

Switching of F key pages

F keys

Selection of settings displayed on the screen

COMP.OUT jack

Connect the L2105 LED Comparator Attachment to view judgment re sults without needing to refe r to the instrument display. (p.107)

Connecting the LED Compa rator Att achment

PANEL key

Saving and loading of panels (p.120)

COMP key

Configuration of comparator settings (p.98)

AUTO, RANGE key

Range switching (p.49)

SPEED key

Measurement speed switch ing (p.50)

Cursor keys

Selection of settings and digits

ENTER key

Acceptance of settings and manual trigger input

ESC key

Cancellation of operation

Settings

Measurement T erminals

Connect measurement leads (p. 36).

• SOURCE A : Current detection terminal

• SOURCE B : Current source terminal

• SENSE A : Voltage detection terminal

• SENSE B : Voltage detection terminal

• GUARD : Guard terminal

Connecting Measurement Leads

STANDBY Key: Initiates or cancels the standby stat e. (p . 43) .

• Unlit: power off (when no power supplied)

• Red light: Standby State (while power is supplied)

• Green light: power on

Initiating and Canceli ng the Standby St a te

1.2 Names and Functions of Parts

Front Panel

Rear Panel

RS-232C connector

• Connect to a computer, PLC, or other device (p.226).

• Connect to a printer (p.239).

RS-232C Communications

Printer Output

Power Inlet

Connect the supplied power cord (p. 35).

Connecting

the Power

Cord

Manufacturer's Serial Number

Do not remove this label, as it is required for product support.

Fuse holder (p.302)

Replacing the

Measurement Fuse

Main power switch (p.43)

: Main power off : Main power on

Turning the Main Power

On and Off

EXT I/O connector

Connect when controlling the instrument with a PLC, I/O board, or other equipment to allow measurement to be started and measured values and comparator results to be acquired (p.177).

External Control

USB jack

Connect to a computer (p. 223).

Sending and

Receiving Data

via USB

EXT I/O NPN/PNP switch

Left : Current sink (NPN) Right: Current source (PNP)

Switching between

NPN and PNP

TEMP.SENSOR jack/ TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block

Connect the Z2001 Temperature Sensor or thermometer with analog outpu t when using t emper ature correction or temperature conversion. (p.37) Connect the Z20 01 to the TEMP.S ENSOR jack on the right. Connect analog voltage output from a radiation thermometer or a shunt resistor for analog current output from a radiation thermometer to the TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block.

Correcting Temperature

Converting Temperature

D/A OUTPUT terminal block

The D/A OUTPUT terminal block outp uts r esistance values as a voltag e signal . (Conne ct a device that can acce pt vo ltag e inpu t, for exam ple a Memory HiCorder.) (p.175)

D/A Output

RM3545-01

GP-IB Connector (RM3545-01 only)

Connect to a compute r, or other device (p.230)

GP-IB Communications

1.2 Names and Functions of Parts

Multiplexer Unit Slot (RM3545-02 only)

Installing the Z3003 Multiplexer Unit (up to 2 units) (p.42)

Using the Multiplexer Unit

RM3545-02

Bottom Panel

Stand

When using the stand

Extend the legs all the way. Do not extend partially. Make sure to extend both legs of the stand.

Collapsing the stan d

Do not collapse the stand partw a y. Be sure to col lap se it all the way.

This instrument can be rack mounted.

See: "Appendix 17 Rack Mounting" (p. A35)

Parts removed f r om this instrument should be stored in a safe place to enable future reuse.

Do not apply heavy downward pressure with the stand extended. The stand coul d be damaged.

1.2 Names and Functions of Parts

Install the Multiplexer Unit

(RM3545-02; as necessary)

Install this instrum e nt (p. 6)

Rear Panel

Front Panel

Tu rn on the instrument and cancel the standby state (p.43)

When finished measuring, turn the power off (p.43).

Connect the temperature sensor or infrared thermometer (p.37)

(When using the temperature correction function or T)

Make instrument settings

Connect measurement leads (p.36)

Check the measurement target (p.48)

Connect to the test sample (p.51)

Connect the power cord (p.35)

Connect the external interface

(as needed)

• Using the printer (p.239)

• Using the USB, RS-232C or GP-IB

interface (p. 221)

• Using the EXT I/O (p. 177)

• Using D/A Output (p. 175)

Rear Front

(Connect connectors to the Multiplexer Unit as necessary.)

When clipping a small-gauge wire

(Clip with the tip of the alligator clips.)

When clipping a large-gauge wire

(Clip with the back of the alligator clips, where there are no teeth.)

1.3 Measurement Process

1.3 Measurement Proces s

*1 About zero-adjustment Perform zero-adjustment in the following circumstances:

• The measured value is not cleared due to thermal EMF or other factors.

 The measured value will be adjusted to zero. (*2)

• Four-terminal connection (called Kelvin connection) is difficult.

 The residual resistance of the two-terminal connection wires will be canceled.

See: "4.3 Zero Adjustment" (p.68)

"Appendix 6 Zero Adjustment" (p.7)

*2 Accuracy specifications vary when zero-adjustment has not been performed.

For more information, see "Chapter 13 Specifications" (p.251). Thermal EMF can also be canceled by using OVC.

See: "4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset (Offset Voltage Compensation - OVC)" (p.82 )

Trigger source (INT/EXT)

Measurement range

TC (ON)

0ADJ (ON)

Auto range

Key lock state or remote state

 Cancel the key lock state or remote

state by pressing and ho lding the MENU key.

F.LOCK : All operations prohibited . M.LOCK: Menu operations prohibited. RMT : Remote state

Judgment value

Switched with the VIEW key (No display / temperature /

pre-calculation resistance value)

Page switching

Measurement scre en la yo u t

Hold state

Scaling (ON)

Measurement speed

Number and name of loaded panel

Measured value

OVC (ON)

1.4 Screen Organization and Operation Overview

The instrument’s screen interface consists of a Measurement screen and various Settings screens. The screen examples in this guide appear reversed (black on white) for best visibility on the printed page. However, the instrument screens can actually be displayed only as white characters on black background.

Display of information other than measured values (For more information, see "Confirming Measurement Faults" (p.55).)

Display Description

+OvrRng

-OvrRng CONTACT TERM.A

CONTACT TERM.B

- - - - - - -

* To treat current faults (when the source wiring is open) as over-range events, change the

current fault output mode setting. (p.59)

Over-range

Contact error

Not measured, or broken connection in measurement target *

Channel number

Total judgment result

Individual channels’ measured value

Individual channels ’ com par ato r re sul t (If a measured va lue fa ult occu rs, a des cript ion of the er ror i s dis play ed.)

Individual channels’ PASS/FAIL judgment result (If a measured value fault occurs, ”---” is dis- played.)

Overview of screen operation

Menu switching

(4) To Settings screens

(1) Measurement screen

(2) Comparator Settings screen

Upper limit value

Lower limit value

(3) Panel Save/Load screen

Select a panel number.

Change values.

Move among digits.

Accept the setting with the key or cancel with the key.

Change the range with the

and keys.

Perform action with an F key.

Select the mode with an F key.

When the measurement te rminal setting is MUX (multiplexer): Select a channel.

P.3/3 is only displayed on the RM3545-02.

1.4 Screen Organization and Operation Overview

When the scan function is set to auto or step (RM3545-02 only)

(4) Settings screen

< Setting values >

Make the value editable with the key.

Change values.

Move among digits.

Accept the setting with the key or cancel with the key.

Return to the Measurement screen with the key.

Move to the [MEAS], [SYS], [I/O], [IF], [BIN], [MUX1], or [MUX2] tab.*

* MUX1/MUX2 is only di splayed on the

RM3545-02.

Select a setting.

Move among settings.

Switch functions with an F key or set values.

When the measurement terminal setting is MUX (multiplexer)

[CH−]: Changes (decreases) the

channel.

Set the measurement conditions by channel.

[CH+]: Changes (increases) the

channel.

1.4 Screen Organization and Operation Overview

List of settings

Screen Setting and key Overview See

Measurement screen COMP Comparator function (p.100)

PAN EL Save/load panel (p.119)

Measurement screen (P.1/2) (For the RM3545-02, P.1/3)

Measurement screen (P.2/2) (For the RM3545-02, P.2/3)

Measurement screen

(P.3/3)

Settings screen (SETTING)

Multiplexer Channel Settings screen

(MUX1)

Multiplexer Basic Measurement screen

(MUX2)

AUTO  (RANGE) SPEED Measurement speed (p.50)

INFO (F1) Display setting conditions VIEW (F2)

STAT (F3) STOP (F3)

PRINT (F4) Print (p.241) 0 ADJ (F2) Zero-adjustment LOCK (F3) Key lock (p.126) SETTING (F4) Switch to Settings screen FRONT (F1) Use of the multiplexer

SCANSET (F3) Scan function CH Use of channels TERM Channel terminals

INST

0ALL

0ADJ

SPD RANGE Individual channels’ range

UPP/REF LOW%

PASS

Measurement range (p.49)

(p.54)

Switch measur ement scre en display

Display statistical calculation results

Stop scan

Use the front measurement terminals

Measuring instruments for each channel

Scan channels Zero-adjustment settings

Individual channels’ zeroadjustment s tatus

Individual channels’ measurement speed

Individual channels’ comparator settings

Individual channels’ PASS conditions

(p.52)

(p.111)

(p.68)

(p.151)MUX (F2)

(p.153)

(p.163)

(p.157)

Settings screen (SETTING)

1.4 Screen Organization and Operation Overview

Screen Setting and key Overview See

Measurement Setting screen

(MEAS)

0 ADJUST Clear zero-adjustment (p.71) TC SET Temperature correction (p.75) T

Temperature conversion (p.116) R0, T0 k DELAY Delay (p.84) AVERAGE Averaging (p.73) AUTO HOLD Hold measured value (p.60) SCALING(A∗R+B) A: B: UNIT :

OVC

LOW POWER

MEAS CURRENT  DIGITS Set the display digits (p.81)

CURR ERROR MODE

CONTACT CHECK Contact check function (p.88) CONTACT IMPRV Contact improver function (p.90) 100M PRECISION 100 M high-prec is io n m ode (p.96)

Scaling (p.77)

Offset voltage compensa-

tion function (OVC)

Low-power resistance mea-

surement (LP)

Switching me asur ement c ur-

rents

Current fault output format (p.59)

(p.82)

(p.64)

(p.66)

1.4 Screen Organization and Operation Overview

Screen Setting and key Overview See

Settings screen (SETTING)

System Setting screen (SYS)

TERMINAL

WIRE

SCAN MODE FAIL STOP UNIT TEST

*2 *2

STATISTICS Statistical calculations function (p.11 1) TEMP INPUT

ANALOG SET2 CALIBRATION Self-calibration (p.92) KEY CLICK Set the operation sound (p.128) COMP BEEP Hi

IN Lo PASS

FAIL PANEL LOAD 0ADJ Load zero-adjustment values (p.122) CONTRAST Set the contrast (p.131) BACK LIGHT Set the contrast brightness (p.132) POWER FREQ Set the power frequency (p.129) CLOCK Clock settings (p.133) RESET Reset the instrument (p.134) ADJUST Adjust the instrument (p.A43)

EXT I/O Setting screen (I/O)

TRIG SOURCE Set the trigger source (p.208) TRIG EDGE Set the trigger signal logic (p.210) TRIG/PRINT FILT Trigger/print filter function (p.212) EOM MODE EOM signal setting (p.214) JUDGE/BCD MODE EXT I/O output mode (p.216) EXT I/O TEST EXT I/O test (p.217)

Communication Interface Setting screen (IF)

INTERFACE Configure interface settings (p.223) SPEED

GP-IB DATA OUT CMD MONITOR PRINT INTRVL

STAT CLEAR

BIN Setting screen (BIN)

*1 RM3545-01 only *2 RM3545-02 only *3 When using the multiplexer, the selecte d chan nel number will be displayed next to “MEAS.”

BIN BIN measurement settings (p.108)

Measurement terminal settings

Multiplexer measurement

method Scan function Stop at FAIL during scan Z3003 unit test (p.166)

Temperature sensor settings (p.37) ANALOG SET1

Set the judgment sound (PASS/FAIL: RM3545-02 only)

Communications (p.221)

Printing (p.239)PRINT COLUMN

(p.148)

(p.105)

1.5 Checking the Measurement Target

To carry out proper resistance measurement, change the measurement conditions appropriately according to the measurement target. Before starting measurement, use the examples recommended in the following table to configure the instrument.

Recommended settings

Measure-

ment Current

(p.66)

TC/ T

(p. 75)

(p.116)

TC ON

Low *1 − ON

−

OVC

(p.82)

OFF ON

OFF

Contact

check (p.88)

OFF *3

OFF

Measurement target

Motors, solenoids, choke coils, transformers

Signal contact Wire harnesses, connectors, relay contacts, switches

Power contact Wire harnesses, connectors, relay contacts, switches

Fuses, resistors

Conductive paint, Conduct ive rubber

(Bold indicates a change from the factory default.)

Low-Power

(p.64)

OFF High

ON − TC −

OFF High

OFF

OFF High

Other, Standard resistance measurement Heaters, Electrical wires, Welds

Temperature-rise test Motors, choke coils, transformers

OFF High *2

OFF High

T

OFF ON

*1: When there is sufficient margin with regard to the rated power, select High. *2: When the measurement target significantly depends on temperature, use the tempera-

ture correction function.

*3: When there is sufficient margin with regard to the allowable applied voltage, select ON. When measuring a commercial power supply transformer using an external trigger, mea-

surement cannot be performed using the delay setting preset. Either make the delay adequately long or measure using the internal trigger (p.84).

1.5 Checking the Measurement Target

Measurement

Rear Panel

1 Confirm that the instrument's Main power

switch (rear panel) is OFF( ).

2 Confirm that the mains supply voltage matches

the instrument, and connect the power cord to the power inlet on the instrument.

3 Plug the power cord into the mains outlet.

If power to the instrument is cut off with the power switch in the ON position (by a circuit breaker, etc.), the instrument will start up when power is restored, without any need to press the STANDBY key.

Power inlet

Main power switch

2.1 Connecting the Power Cord

Preparations

Be sure to read the "Operating Precautions" (p.6) before installing and connecting this instrument. Refer to "Appendix 17 Rack Mounting" (p. A35) for rack mounting.

Chapter 2

2.1 Connecting the Power Cord

Turn off the power before disconnecting the power cord.

Connection Methods

Connecting measurement leads

Connect the red plugs to the SOURCE A and SENSE A terminals, the black plugs to the SOURCE B and SENSE B terminals, and the guard plug to the GUARD terminal.

When clipping a small-gauge wire (Clip with the tip of the alligator clips.)

When clipping a large-g aug e wi re (Clip with the back of the alligator clip s, where there are no teeth.)

Measurement leads

(Example: When using the L2101 Clip Type Lead)

SENSE SOURCE

The “V” mark indicates the SENSE side.

SENSE SOURCE

Red

Black

SENSE SOURCE

Red

Black

Red plugs

Black plugs

Guard plug

2.2 Connecting Measurement Leads

Connect the included or optional Hioki measurement leads to the measurement terminals. Before connecting the measurement leads, read "Operating Precautions" (p.6) carefully. Refer to "Options" (p.3) for details.

We recommend using optional Hioki measurement leads.

When making your own measurement leads or extending a measurement lead, see "Appendix 13 Making Your Own Measurement Leads, Making Connections to the Multiplexer" (p. A29).

1 Confirm that the instrument's Main

power switch (rear panel) is OFF( ).

2 C onnect the Z2001 Temperature Sensor

into the TEMP.SENSOR jack on the rear panel.

3 Place the tip of the temperature sensor

near the measurement target.

4 Configure temperature measurement.

Connection Methods

Connecting the Z2001 Temperature Sensor

Rear Panel

Z2001 Temperature Sensor

TEMP.SENSOR jack

Insert the Z2001 securely all the way into the jack.

Do not connect anything to the TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block.

2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor or Thermometer with Analog Output (When using

2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor or Thermometer with Analog Output (When using the TC or T)

Connecting the Z2001 Temperature Sensor

Before connecting the temperature sensor, read "Operating Precautions" (p.6) carefully.

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [SYS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Thermistor sensor (Z2001)

Selection

Return to the Measurement screen.

2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor or Thermometer with Analog Output (When using

After turning on the instrument, check whether the temperature measurement settings are correct. Change if necessary.

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the System Setting Screen.

Select TEMP INPUT and press (SENSOR).

Return to the Measurement screen.

2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor or Thermometer with Analog Output (When using

1 Confirm that the instrument's Main

power switch (rear panel) is OFF( ).

2 Connect the thermometer's analog output

connector to the TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block on the rear panel, using a cable.

3 Configure temperature measurement.

Connection Methods

Connecting an Analog Output Ther m o m et e r

Rear Panel

TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block

Recommended wire type

: Single line: AWG22 (0.65 mm diameter)

Twisted wire: AWG22 (0.32 mm

)

Diameter of search wire: 0.12 mm or more

Compatible wire types

: Single line: AWG28 (0.32 mm diameter) to AWG22 (0.65 mm diameter)

Twisted wire: AWG28 ( 0.08 mm

) to AWG22 (0.32 mm2) stranded condu ctor

Diameter of search wire: 0.12 mm or more

Standard bare wire length

:8 mm

Insert the thermometer's analog output connector securely all the way into the terminal block.

Do not connect anything to the TEMP.SENSOR jack.

Connecting an Analog Output Thermometer

To measure temperature, connect the analog output thermometer to the instrument. Before connecting the thermometer, read "Operating Precautions" (p.6) carefully.

When using a thermometer that generates 4 to 20 mA output, connect a shunt resistor of about 50  between the positive and negative term ina ls an d conver t th e output to a voltage prior to input. With a 50  resistor connected, the reference voltage (V

0.20 V (V

) and 1.00 V (V2).

, V2) settings are

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [SYS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Analog input

Selection

2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor or Thermometer with Analog Output (When using

After turning on the instrument, check whether the temperature measurement settings are correct. Change if necessary.

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the System Setting Screen.

Select TEMP INPUT and press (ANLG-V).

Move the cursor to the setting you wish to configure. Make the value editable with the key.

Move the cursor to the digit you wish to set with the left and right cursor keys. Change the value with the up and down cursor keys.

Change values.

Move among digits.

( Cancel)

Setting range reference voltage (V

, V2): 00.00 to 02.00 V (default V1: 0 V, V2: 1 V)

reference temperature (T

, T2): -99.9 to 999.9°C (default T1: 0°C, T2: 100°C)

Return to the Measurement screen.

V1 V20

アナログ入力電圧

温度

−

⋅ (Inp ut V oltage) +

T1V

−

T2V

−

Temperature

Analog Input Voltage

2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor or Thermometer with Analog Output (When using

Set two reference voltages and the corresponding reference temperatures.

Set reference voltages V Steps

1 through 3 for each.

Return to the Measurement screen.

and V2 and reference temperatures T1 and T2 by following

The displayed value is calculated by the following expression.

Required item: One Phillips-head screwdriver

Installing a Multiplexer Unit

Rear panel

Blank panel

UNIT 1 UNIT 2

1 Turn off the instrument’s main power

switch and disconnect the cords and leads.

2 Remove the two screws with a Phillips

head screwdriver and remove the blank panel.

3 With attention to the orientation of the Mul-

tiplexer Unit, insert it firmly all the way in. Insert the unit after aligning it with the

guide rail.

Taking countermeasures against static electricity (using antistatic devices such as a wrist strap) as well as wearing antistatic gloves are recommended.

4 Using the Phillips screwdriver, tighten the

two Multiplexer Unit mounting screws.

Configure the settings so that they match the unit number used.

See: "Customizing Channel Pin Allocation" (p.152)

When using only one Multiplexer Unit, it can be installed as either UNIT 1 or UNIT 2.

Guide rail

Model Z3003

Do not directly touch the board

2.4 Installing the Multiplexer Unit

To use multiplexing capability, you must first install the Z3003 Multiplexer Unit. Before connecting the Multiplexer Unit, read "Operating Precautions" (p.6) carefully.

Removing a Multiple xer U nit

After turning off t he instrument ’s main power switch and disconne cting all co rds and leads, remove the Multiplexer Unit by reversing the above procedure and then att ach the blank panel.

2.5 Turning the Power On and Off

Turn on ( ) the main power switch on the rear of the instrument.

If the main power switch was turned off while the instrument was not in the standby state, the standby state will be automatically canceled when the main power switch is turned on.

Power ON

Turn off ( ) the main power switch on the rear of the instrument.

Power OFF

Press the STANDBY key (the STANDBY key will change from red to green).

2.5 Turning the Power On and Off

Turning On the Instrument with the Main Power Switch

Turning Off the Instrument with the Main Power Switch

Canceling the Standby State

Self-test

Indicates an error (p. 298).

After the standby state is canceled, a self-test (instrument diagnostic routine) is performed. During the self-test, the following information is displayed while the hardware is verified.

Error

No Errors

Normal display (measurement screen)

The following informatio n is dis playe d du r ing self -t est in g:

• Manufacturer and model name

• Firmware versions

• Communication interface setting

• Detected line frequency

• EXT I/O (NPN/PNP) setting

• Self-Calibration setting

• Inserted unit information (RM3545-02 only)

2.5 Turning the Power On and Off

The Z3003 Multiplexer Unit test is not performed during the self-test on startup.

See: "8.6 Performing the Multiplexer Unit Test" (p.166)

Before Starting Measurement

To obtain precise measurements, provide about 60 minutes warm-up after turning power on. The SOURCE terminal is protected by a fuse. If the fuse is tripped, the instrument will display “

Blown FUSE.” and you will not be able to measure resistance values. In this case,

replace the fuse.

See: "14.2 Replacing the Measurement Circuit’s Protective Fuse" (p.302)

Measurement settings are recalled from when the power was previously turned off (settings backup).

Placing the Instrument in the Standby State

Press the Standby key (the Standby key will change from green to red).

Disconnect the power cord from the outlet to extinguish the standby key light. When power is turned on again, operation resumes with the sa me state as w hen last turned off.

If a power outage (e.g., breaker trip) occurs when the instrument is on, it will automatically turn on again when power is restored (without pressing the standby key).

2.6 Pre-Operation Inspection

Do not use the instrument if damage is found, as electric shock or short-circuit accidents could resul t. Cont act yo ur auth orized Hioki distributor or reseller.

Metal Exposed

Is the power cord insulation torn, or is any metal exposed?

Peripheral Device Inspection

Is the insulation on a measurement lead torn, or is any metal exposed?

No Metal Exposed

If there is any damage, measured values may be unstable and measurement errors may occur. Replace the cable with an undamaged one.

Metal Exposed

No Metal Exposed

If damage is evident, req uest repairs.

Yes

Is damage to the instrument evident?

Instrument Inspection

When turning power on

Is the STANDBY key red or green?

The power cord may be damaged, or the inst rument may be damaged internally. Request repairs.

After the completion of the self-test (when the model number is shown on the screen), is the Measurement screen displayed?

Yes

The instrument may be damaged internally. Request repairs.

See: "14.1 Troubleshooting" (p. 286)

"Error Displays and Remedies" (p.298)

An error indication occurs

Yes

Inspection complete

2.6 Pre-Operation Inspection

Basic Measuremen ts

Chapter 3

Before making measurements, read "Operating Precautions" (p. 16) carefully.

This chapter explains basic operating procedures for the instrument.

"3.1 Checking the Measurem ent Target" (p.48) "3.2 Selecting the Measu rem ent Range" (p.49) "3.3 Setting the Measurem ent Speed" (p.50) "3.4 Connect i ng Measuremen t Leads to the Measurement Target" (p.51) "3.5 Checking Measured Values" (p.52)

To customize measurement conditions, see "Chapter 4 Customizing Measurement Conditions" (p.63).

3.1 Checking the Measurement Target

Recommended settings

Measure-

ment Current

(p.66)

TC/ T (p. 75) (p.116)

TC ON

OVC

(p.82)

OFF ON

Contact

check (p.88)

OFF *3

Measurement target

Motors, solenoids, choke coils, transformers

Signal contact Wire harnesses, connectors, relay contacts, switches

Power cont act Wire harnesses, connectors, relay contacts, switches

(Bold indicates a change from the factory default.)

Low-Power

(p.64)

OFF High

ON − TC −

OFF High

Fuses, resistors

Conductive paint, Conductive rubber

Other, Standard resistance measurement Heaters, Electrical wires, Welds

Temperature-rise test Motors, choke coils, transformer s

OFF

OFF High

OFF High *2

OFF High

Low *1 − ON

T

−

OFF

OFF ON

OFF

*1: When there is sufficient margin with regard to the rated power, select High. *2: When the measurement target significantly depends on temperature, use the tempera-

ture correction function.

*3: When there is sufficient margin with regard to the allowable applied voltage, select ON. When measuring a commercial power supply transformer using an external trigger, mea-

surement cannot be performed using the delay setting preset. Either make the delay adequately long or measure using the internal trigger (p.84).

Select the range to use. (AUTO off) The decimal point location and unit indicator change with each key press.

Press this while a manual range is selected. (AUTO lights) The optimum measurement range is automatically selected.

3.2 Selecting the Measurement Range

3.2 Selecting the M easurement Range

The measurement range can be set as follows. Auto-ranging (the AUT O r ange) can also be selected.

Manual Range Setting

Auto-Ranging

Switching from Autoranging back to Manual range selection

Press again. The range can now be changed manually.

• When the comparator function and BIN measurement function are turned on, the range

cannot be changed from fixed (it cannot be switched to auto-ranging). To change the range, turn off the comparator function and BIN measurement function or change the range from within the comparator settings and BIN number settings.

• When measuring certain motor, transformer or coil components, the auto range setting

may not stabilize. In such cases, either specify the range manually or lengthen the delay time.

See: "4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay " (p. 84)

• The measurement target power is given by (resistance value × (measurement current)

if the measured value is within the measurement range. If the measurement range is exceeded, the power may reach a maximum value that is given by (open voltage × measurement current). Check the measurement range before connecting the measurement target. When using a High measurement current, resistance ranges of 100  and lower may cause a large amount of power to be applied to the measurement target. In particular, a maximum pow er of about 2 W m ay be appl ied to the target at ranges o f 100 m an d lower (ranges that result in a measurement current of 1 A). Check the measurement range and current switching before connecting the measurement target.

See: "4.2 Switching Measurement Currents (100 m to 100 )" (p.66)

• When measuring delicate samples, use the Low Power measurement mode.

See: "4.1 Switching to Low-power Resistance Measurement" (p.64)

• Refer to "Resistance Measurement Accuracy" (p. 252) for information on each range

measurement accuracy .

• When using the INT trigger source, current will stop when a contact error occurs (when

not connected to the measurement target). By contrast, when using the INT trigger source with the contact check function off, the measurement current is always applied, even when the instrument is not connected to the measurement target. Consequently, a rush current will flow at the moment the instrument is connected to the target (for example, measuring a pure resistance in the 1 A measurement current range will result in a maximum current of 5 A with a convergence time of 0.5 ms). When measuring easily damaged elements, either turn on the contact check or use a range that results in a low measurement current. However, if there is chatter even when the contact check is enabled, it will not be possible to completely prevent a rush current.

• When set to 2-wire with the multiplexer, ranges of 10  and lower cannot be used.

)

Press this to change the measurement speed.

When OVC is on, integration is performed twice. When LP is on, OVC is fixed to on. When using the S LOW 2 m easurement speed w it h l ow -power resistance measurement on, the instrument will performing averaging with two iterations internally even if the averaging function is set to off. * When using the MUX mesurement terminals, the integration time is 1.0 ms only in the 10 m range.

See: "13.1 Instrument Specifications" (p.251)

LP Range

FAST MEDIUM

SLOW1 SLOW2

50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz

OFF

1000 k or less 0.3* 20.0 16.7 100 200

10 M or more 20.0 16.7 20.0 16.7 100 200

ON All ranges 20.0 16.7 40.0 33.3 200 300

Shortest conditions Delay: 0 ms, TC: ON, Comparator: ON, OVC: OFF, Average: OFF, Self-Calibration: MANUAL, Contact improver: OFF, Scaling: OFF Measured value display switching: None * When using the MUX mesurement terminals, the shortest measurement time is 1.7 ms only in

the 10 m range.

LP OFF (unit: ms), tolerance: ±10%±0.2 ms

Range

FAST MEDIUM

SLOW1 SLOW2

50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 1000 k or lower range 1.0* 20.7 17.4 101 201 10 M or greater range 20.7 17.4 20.7 17.4 101 201

LP ON (unit: ms), tolerance: ±10%±0.2 ms, Only with OVC on

Range

FAST MEDIUM

SLOW1 SLOW2

50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz

1000 m 71 65 111 98 431 631

10  111 105 151 138 471 671

100  111 105 151 138 471 671

1000  113 107 153 140 473 673

3.3 Setting the Measur em en t Sp eed

3.3 Setting the Measurement Speed

The measurement speed can be set to FAST, MED (medium), SLOW1, or SLOW2. The MED (medium), SLOW1, and SLOW2 settings offer increased measurement precision compared to the FAST setting as well as greater resistance to the effects of the external environment. If the setup is excessively susceptible to the effects of the external environment, shield the measurement target and measurement leads adequately and twist the cables together.

See: "Appendix 8 Mitigating Noise " (p. A19 )

A self-calibration that lasts about 5 ms is performed between measurements. To shorten the measurement interval, set the self-calibration to “manual.”

See: "4.12 Maintaining Measurement Precision (Self-Calibration)" (p.92)

Integration time (Unit: ms) (detected voltage data acquisiti on time)

Shortest measurement times when using the internal trigger source with continuous measurement on (free-run)

3.4 Connecting Measurement Leads to the Measurement Target

(Place leads in contact with target.)

SOURCE A SENSE A SENSE B SOURCE B

The SENSE terminals are placed to the inside of the SOURCE terminals.

3.4 Connecting Measurement Leads to the Measurement Target

Before making measurements, read "Operating Precautions" (p.6) carefully.

Example with L2101

Example with L2102

Example with L2104

The resistance value will be displayed.

• If the display does not indicate the mea-

sured value, see "Confirming Measurement Faults" (p. 55).

• To convert the value into a parameter

other than resistance, see below.

See: "5.4 Performing Temperature Rise Test

(Temperature Conversion Function (T))" (p.116)

See: "4.6 Correcting Measured Values and

Displaying Physical Properties Other than Resistance Values (Scaling Function)" (p.77)

[VIEW] Switch the Measurement screen.

Switch the function menu to P.1/2.

You can switch this part of th e display to show nothing, the temperature, or the precalculation measured value.

See: "Example displays" (p.53)

3.5 Checking Measured Values

When measuring close to 0 , measured values may turn negative. If measured values turn negative otherwise, check the following:

• Are the SOURCE or SENSE wires connected backwards?

 Rewire correctly.

• Has the contact resistance decreased since you performed zero-adjustment?

 Repeat the zero-adjustment process.

• Is the scaling calculation result negative?

 Change the scaling settings.

Switching the Display

You can change what information is shown on the Measurement screen.

Displaying temperature and pre-calculation measured values

3.5 Checking Measured Values

(No display) (Temperature display)

Rt: Resistance measured value

before TC calculation

R: Resistance measured value

before scaling

(Value before REF% calculation

: With REF% comparator setting and

scaling OFF)

(Value before REF% calculation

: With REF% comparator setting and

scaling ON)

(Value before TC calculation

: With TC ON)

(Value before scaling calculation

: With scaling ON)

R: Resistance measured value

(before relative calculation)

RS: Resistance measured value

after scaling (before relative calculation)

Example displays

Display of pre-calculation measured values varies with the settings.

[INFO] Display measurement conditions.

Switch the function menu to P.1/2.

If the interface type has been set to "printer," you can print settings with .

Return to the Measurement screen.

3.5 Checking Measured Values

Displaying a list of measurement conditions and settings

Display the measurement conditions.

Check the measurement conditions.

Return to the Measurement screen.

When the scan function is set to auto or step, the list of measurement conditions and settings cannot be displayed.

This fault is displayed in the following two instances. (1) Appears when the measured value is outside of the measurement or display range. (*1) (2) Appears when a measurem ent fault(*2) occu rs (when the current fault mode setting is

“Over-range”). When no measurement current f lows from the SO URCE A terminal to the SOURCE B

terminal Similarly, if the measurement range is exceeded in temperature measurement, OvrRng is displayed. The comparator result is Hi when +OvrRng is dis played, and Lo when -OvrRng is displayed. No ERR signal is output.

Over-range

+OvrRng

-OvrRng

Display

Contact error

See: "Appendix 1 Block Diagram" (p. A1)

(When the scan function is set to auto or step, CONTACT A or

CONTACT B will be displayed.)

CONTACT TERM.A/B

- - - - - - -

Display

The resistance between the SENSE A and SOURCE A probe contacts, and between the SENSE B and SOURCE B probe contacts, are measured and an error is displayed if the result is about 50  or greater. If this error pe rsist s, prob e wea r or cable f ailur e may be th e cau se. Whe n the resi stance value betw een the SENSE and SOURCE is high, for example when the measurement target is conductive paint or conductive rubber, you will not be able to perform measurement due to the continuous error state. In this case, turn off the contact check function.

See: "4.10 Checking for Poor or Improper Contact (Contact Check Function)" (p.88)

Display

Current Fault or measurement not performed

This fault is displayed in the following instances. If “- - - - - - -” is displayed, a comp arat or judgment will not be made. (1) Appears when a mea sur em en t fa ult( *2 ) o ccur s ( w hen th e cu rr ent fau l t m ode se tting i s

“Current fault”). When no measurement current flows from the SOURCE A ter minal to th e SO URCE B terminal

(2) This fault is displayed w he n no me asu rem en t has be en pe rfo rm ed since the measure-

ment conditions were changed.

- - - - - - -

A multiplexer relay hot-switching prevention function error has occurred. The relay cannot be switched because the current from the measurement target has n ot decreased. Increase the delay setting sin ce the measur ement circuit ma y be being inf luenced by back EMF from a transfor mer or o ther d evice . Do not apply a ny curr ent or voltage to the measurement terminals.

See: "4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay" (p.84)

SW.ERR

Multiplexer channel error

Display

No Multiplexer Unit was detected. Verify that the unit has been inserted. Do not allocate units that have not been inserted to channels.

NO UNIT

Display

3.5 Checking Measured Values

Confirming Measurement Faults

When a measurement is not performed correctly, a measurement fault indicator appears and a ERR signal of the EXT I/O is output (no ERR signal is output for over-range or unmeasured events). Operation when a current fault occurs can be changed with the settings.

See: "Appendix 14 Checking Measurement Faults" (p. A32)

Temperature measurement cannot be performed because the temperature sensor has not been connected. There is no need to connect the temperature sensor when not using temperature cor recti on or T. Switch the display if you do not wish to display the temperature.

See: "Switching the Display" (p.52)

- - . - °C

Temp erature senso r not conn ected

Display

Display and output d uri ng

current fault detection

Current fault mode setting (p. 59)

Current fault Over-range

Contact Check Results

Normal

(No error)

Display: - - - - - - COMP indicator: No judgment EXT I/O: ERR signal output

Display: +OvrRng COMP indicator: Hi EXT I/O: No ERR signal output,

HI signal output

Fault

(Error)

Display: CONTACT TERM.B/ CONTACT TERM.A COMP indicator: No judgment EXT I/O: ERR signal output

3.5 Checking Measured Values

Example displays: Display and output when the probes are open or when the measurement target is open

Measurement Fault Detection Order

Measurement Fault Detection Display EXT I/O signal

A Wiring Contact Error

B Wiring Contact Error

Current fault

CONTACT

Yes

CONTACT

Yes

+OvrRng

Yes

(Depends on out put format settings)

TERM.A

TERM.B

- - - - - - -

ERR output

HI output or ERR out-

put (Depends on output format settings)

Measurement fault detection proceeds in the order shown at the left, ending with display of the first de tected error.

Below Lower Limit -OvrRng LO output

Above Upper Limit +OvrRng HI output

No Measurement Data - - - - - - -

Yes

*1 Over-range Detection Function

Examples of Over-range Faults

Over-range Detection Measurement Example The measured value is outside of

the measurement rang e. The relativ e to lera nce (%) disp lay

of the measure d value exceeds the display range (999.999 % ).

The zero-adjusted value is outside of the display range.

While measuring, input voltage exceed the A/D converter input range.

Current did not f low normally to the measurement targ et. (When the current fault mode setting is set to “Over-range output” only)

Attempting to measure 13 k with the 10 k range selected

Measuring 500  (+2400%) with a reference value of 20 

Performing zero-a dju stme nt after connecting 0.5  with the 1  range Measuring 0.1  yields a -0.4  reading, exceeding the display range.

Measuring a large resistance value in an electrically noisy environment

When the measurement target yields an open FAIL result When either the SOUR CE A o r SOURC E B te rm ina l suffe rs f rom po or contact. *To display “- - - - - - -” when a current fault occurs, set the current fault mode setting to “Current fault.”(p.59)

*2 Current Fault Detection Function

Example of Current Fault

• SOURCE A or SOURCE B probe open

• Broken measurement target (open work)

• SOURCE A or SOURCE B cable break, poor connection

3.5 Checking Measured Values

SOURCE wiring resistance in excess of the following values may cause a current fault, making measurement impossible. When using measurement current 1 A ranges, keep the wiring resistance as well as the contact resistance between the measurement target and measurement lead low.

3.5 Checking Measured Values

LP OFF

Range

10 m 100 m − High 1 A 1.5  100 m

1000 m − High 100 mA 15  1000 m

100  − High 10 mA 100  100 

1000  − − 1 mA 1 k

10 k

100 k − − 100 A 1 k

1000 k

10 M − − 1 A 1 k 100 M ON 100 M OFF − 1 A or less 1 k

1000 M OFF

100 M range high-precision

mode

−−1 A 1.5 

− Low 100 mA 15 

− Low 10 mA 150 

10  − High 10 mA 150  10 

− Low 1 mA 1 k

−−1 mA 1 k

−−10 A1 k

Current

switching

− 100 nA 1 k

− 1 A or less 1 k

Measurement

Current

LP ON

Range

1000 m 1 mA 2 

1000  5 A 500 

Measurement

Current

10  500 A 5 

100  50 A50 

SOURCE B - SOURCE A

(Other than measurement target) *

SOURCE B - SOURCE A

(Other than measurement

target) *

* When using the Z3003 Multiplexer Unit, ensure that the total of the unit’s internal wiring

resistance (including relays) and the wiring resistance from the connector to the measurement target does not exceed the values in the above table. You can verify that the unit’s internal wiring resistance is 1  or less using the unit test.

See: "8.6 Performing the Multiplexer Unit Test" (p.166)

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Current fault (default) Over-range

Selection

Return to the Measurement screen.

3.5 Checking Measured Values

Setting the measurement method for an open target (current fault mode setting)

This section describes how to configure instrument operation when current fault output is detected.

When set to current fault, a break in the measurement target wiring is determined to be an error, and no comparator judgment is made. When set to over-range, a break in the measurement lead or other open state is determined to be an over-range event, and a comparator judgment of Hi results. Choose the setting that best suits your application.

The current fault mode setting applies to all channels. (RM3545-02 only)

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Select the desired current fault mode.

Return to the Measurement screen.

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

ON OFF (default)

Selection

Return to the Measurement screen.

3.5 Checking Measured Values

Holding Measured Values

The auto-hold function provides a convenient way to check measured values. Once the measured value stabilizes, the beeper will sound, and the value will be automatically held.

The auto-hold function setting applies to all channels. (RM3545-02 only)

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Enable the auto-hold function.

Return to the Measurement screen.

While the measured value is being held, the HOLD indicator will light up.

3.5 Checking Measured Values

Canceling auto-hold operation

Hold operation is automatically canceled when the measurement leads are removed from the measurement target and then brought into contact with the measurement target again. You can also cancel hold operation by pressing or changing the range and measurement speed. When hold operation is canceled, the HOLD indicator will go out.

3.5 Checking Measured Values

Customizing Measurement

Conditions

Before making measurements, read "Operating Precautions" (p. 16) carefully. This chapter explains functionality employed to make more advanced, more accurate measurements. The following table lists functions and example uses:

Example uses Function See When you wish to convert

resistance values based on a reference temperature

When you wish to increase the measurement precision

When you wish to eliminate excess display digits

When you wish to cancel surplus resistance from 2-terminal wiring

When you wi sh t o c orr ect f or th e effects of thermoelectric force

When you wish to correct measured values

When you wish to stabilize measurement

When you wish to speed up auto-ranging

When you wish to limit the open voltage

When you wish to limit the current

When you wish to perform measurement while minimizing the effect on the contact surface state

When you wish to detect contact defects and measurement cable breaks

When you wish to convert readings into a physical property other than resistance (for example, length)

When you wish to im pr ove pr obe and switching r ela y con tac t

When you wish to perform measurement as quickly as possible and perform self-calibration during instrument downtime

Temperature Correction (TC) p.75 Zero Adjustment

Offset Voltage Compensation Function (OVC) 100 M range high-precision mode

Zero Adjustment Changing the Number of Measured Value Digits

Zero Adjustment p.68 Zero Adjustment

Offset Voltage Compensation Function (OVC) Scaling Function p.77 Averaging Function

Delay Function Delay Function p.84

Low-Power Resistance Measurement p.64 Low-Power Resistance Measurement

Switching Measurement Currents

Low-Power Resistance Measurement p.64

Contact Check Function p.88

Scaling Function p.77

Contact Improver Function p.90

Self-Calibration Function p.92

Chapter 4

p.68 p.82 p.96

p.68 p.81

p.68 p.82

p.73 p.84

p.64 p.66

4.1 Switching to Low-power Resistance Measurement

In low-power resistance measurement, the open terminal voltage is limited to 20 mV to allow measurement with an extremely low current.

When measuring signal contacts (wire harnesses, connectors, relay contacts, or switches), the low-power resistance measurement function can be used to minimize the effect on the contact state. When you measure signal contacts with the low-power function off, the oxide film on the contacts is more readily damaged. If the contact’s oxide film is damaged, it will tend to produce lower resistance values. By contrast, the oxide film on power contacts (high-current contacts) is eliminated during use. When such contacts are measured with the low-power function on, it is not possible to break down the oxide film, resulting in higher measured values.

See: "3.1 Checking the Measurement Target" (p.48) See: "Appendix 11 Measuring Contact Resistance" (p. A26)

Ranges, measurement currents, and open voltages that can be used with the lowpower function on

Range Max. measurement

range

1000 m 1200.00 m 1 mA

10  12.0000  500 A

100  120.000  50 A

1000  1200.00  5 A

Measurement

current

Open voltage

20 mV

MAX

• Because the detection voltage decreases when the low-power function is on, measure-

ment is more susceptible to external noise. If measured values fail to stabilize, take steps to address the noise, referring to "Appendix 7 Unstable Measured Values" (p. A12). The following four steps are particularly effective in this situation:

• Shield the measurement cable (connect the shielding to the instrument’s GUA RD term inal).

• Twist the measurement cables together.

• Shield the measurement target (connect the shielding to the instrument’s GUARD terminal).

• Decrease the measurement speed or use the averaging function.

• Since the effects of thermal EMF are eliminated when the low-power function is on, the

instrument will be automatically set to OVC ON. If the measurement target has a large reactance component, it will be necessary to increase the delay.

See: "4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset (Offset Voltage Compensation - OVC)" (p.82) See: "4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay" (p.84)

• When using the SLOW2 measurement speed with low-power resistance measurement

on, the instrument will average measured values twice and display the result, even if the averaging function is set to off. If the averaging function is on, the instrument will perform averaging using the set number of iterations.

• When low power is set to on, the contact improvement function will be set to off.

• When low power is set to on, the contact check default setting is off.

Open the Settings Screen.

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Low-power resistance measurement

Normal resistance measurement (default)

Selection

Return to the Measurement screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Select the low-po we r mode, as needed.

4.1 Switching to Low-power Resistance Measurement

Return to the Measurement screen.

4.2 Switching Measurement Currents (100 m to 100 )

4.2 Switching Measurement Currents (100 m to 100 )

Power equivalent to the resistance value × (measurement current)2 will be applied to the measurement target. If there are any of the following concerns, depending on the level of the measurement current, set the measurement current to low.

• The measurement target may melt (such as a fuse or inflator).

• The measurement target may heat up, causing a change in resistance.

• The measurement target may be magnetized, causing a change in inductance.

See: "3.1 Checking the Measurement Target" (p.48)

High Low

Range

precision mode: ON)

(high-

100 M, 1000 M

precision mode: OFF)

(high-

Measurement

current

10 m 1 A 12 mW −

100 m 1 A 120 mW 100 mA 1.2 mW

1000 m 100 mA 12 mW 10 mA 120 W

10  10 mA 1.2 mW 1 mA 12 W

100  10 mA 12 mW 1 mA 120 W

1000  1 mA 1.2 mW −

10 k 1 mA 12 mW −

100 k 100 A 1.2 mW −

1000 k 10 A 120 W −

10 M 1 A 12 W −

100 M

1 A or less 1.3 W −

Maximum power in measurement

range

100 nA 1.2 W −

Measurement

current

Maximum power in measurement

range

Because the detection voltage decreases when t he m easurem ent current i s Low, measurement is more susceptible to external noise. If measured values fail to stabilize, take steps to address the noise, referring to "Appendix 7 Unstable Measured Values" (p. A12). The following four steps are particularly effective in this situation:

• Shield the measurement cable (connect the shielding to the instrument’s GUARD termi-

nal).

• Twist the measurement cables together.

• Shield the measurement target (connect the shielding to the instrument’s GUARD termi-

nal).

• Decrease the measurement speed or use the averaging function.

4.2 Switching Measurement Currents (100 m to 100 )

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

LOW HIGH (default)

Selection

Return to the Measurement screen.

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Select the 100 m range measurement current.

Return to the Measurement screen.

• When the measurement current is switched, zero-adjustment will be initialized. Perform

zero adjustment again.

• When using the INT trigger source, current will stop when a contact error occurs (when

4.3 Zero Adjustment

Perform zero-adjustment in the following circumstances:

• When you wish to increase the measurement precision

 For some ranges, there may be a component added to the accuracy if zero-adjust-

ment is not performed.

See: "Measurement Specifications" (p. 252)

• The measured value is not cleared due to thermal EMF or other factors.

 The measured value will be adjusted to zero. (*1)

• Four-terminal connection (called Kelvin connection) is difficult.

 The residual resistance of the two-terminal connection wires will be canceled.

*1 Accuracy specifications vary when zero-adjustment has not been performed.

For more information, see "Chapter 13 Specifications" (p.251). Thermal EMF can also be canceled by using OVC. (p.82)

For more information about how to perform zero-adjustment properly, see "Appendi x 6 Zero Adjustment" (p. A7).

Before Zero Adjustment

• Execute zero adjustment when the ambient temperature has changed, or when a mea-

surement lead is replaced after zero adjustment was performed. However, when performing zero-adjustment is difficult, for example when using the L2102 or L2103 Pin Type Lead, perform zero-adjustment using the standard inclu ded L2101 Clip Type Lead or similar lead and then switch to the pin type lead to perform measurement.

• Zero adjustment should be executed in each range to be used. Perform zero-adjustment

for the current range only when setting the range manually or for all ranges when using auto-ranging.

• When zero adjustment is executed with auto-ranging, correct zero adju stment may not be

possible if the delay time is too short. In this case, execute zero adjustment with a manually set range.

See: "3.2 Selecting the Measurement Range" (p.49)

"4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay" (p.84)

• Zero adjustment values are retained internally even when the instrument is turned off.

They are also saved with panels. You can also elect not to load zero-adjustment values from panels.

See: "6.1 Saving Measurement Conditions (Panel Save Function)" (p.120)

"6.2 Loading Measurement Conditions (Panel Load Function)" (p.121)

• Zero-adjustment can be performed even when the EXT I/O 0ADJ signal is ON (when

shorted with the EXT I/O connector’s ISO_GND pin).

• When switching the offset voltage correction (OVC) function, measurement current, or

low-power function, zero adjustment will be canceled automatically. If necessary, repeat the zero adjustment process.

• Although resistance of -1%f.s. to 50%f.s. can be canceled in each range, try to keep the

canceled resistance to 1%f.s. Zero-adjustment cannot be performed for 100 M and higher ranges.

LP f.s.

OFF 1,000,000dgt.

ON 100,000dgt.

Red

SOURCE

SENSE

Red

Black

SOURCE

SENSE

Bring the "V" marks toge ther at the same position.

Connection

SENSE A SENSE B

SOURCE A SOURCE B

L2104 (option)

L2101

L2102, L2103 (options)

Since zero-adjustmen t cannot be performed w ith th e L 210 2 o r L 210 3, use the L2101 Clip Type Lead or other lead typ e to perform zero-adjustment.

Place the alligator clips on the outside and the lead rods on the inside when performing zero-adjustment.

Correct

Incorrect

4.3 Zero Adjustment

• If a resistance that is smaller than the resistance value when zero-adjustment was per-

formed is measured, the measured value will be negative. Example: If you set an offset of 50 m for the 100 m range If you measure 30 m, -20 m will be displayed.

• When using the multiplexer, zero-adjustment can be per fo rmed by scann ing al l channe ls.

See: "8.5 Zero Adjustment (When a Multiplexer Unit Has Been Installed)" (p.163)

Allow the instrument to warm up for 60 minutes before performing zero-adjustment.

Performing zero-adjustment

Short the measurement leads together.

Proper wiring Improper wiring

[0ADJ] Perform zero-adjustment.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Perform zero-adjustment and return to the Measurement screen.

Cancel the operation and return to the previous screen.

4.3 Zero Adjustment

Verify that the measured value is within ±1%f.s. If the measured value is

50%f.s. or less in each range, zero-adjustment can be performed, but a warning will be issued when it is greater than 1%f.s.

If no measured value is displayed, verify whether the measurement leads have been wired properly.

Perform zero-adjustment.

A confirmation message will be displayed. Confirm and return to the Mea-

surement screen.

Zero Adjustment Faults

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

If zero adjustment fails, the following error message appears.

4.3 Zero Adjustment

Before attempting zero adjustment again, confirm the following:

• Verify that the measured value is -1%f.s. to 50%f.s. in each range.

• When using measurement leads that you made, reduce the wiring resistance.

• Confirm that the measurement leads connections are correct.

See: "*2 Current Fault Detection Function" (p. 57)

• If zero-adjustment fails for auto-ranging, zero-adjustment will be canceled for all ranges.

• If zero-adjustment fails for a manually set range, zero-adjustment will be canceled for the

current range.

Canceling zero-adjustment

Cancels zero-adjustment for all ranges.

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Cancel zero-adjustment.

Selection

Clear zero-adjustment and return to the Settings screen.

Cancel the operation and return to the previous screen.

Return to the Measurement screen.

4.3 Zero Adjustment

Select 0 ADJUST.

A confirmation message will be displayed. Confirm and return to the Mea-

surement screen.

Return to the Measurement screen.

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

4.4 Stabilizing Measured Values (Averaging Function)

4.4 St abilizing Measured Values (Averaging Function)

The averaging function averages multiple measured values and displays the results. It can be used to reduce variation in measured values.

For internal trigger measurement (Free-Run), a moving average is calculated. For external trigger measurement (and :READ? command operation) (Non-Free-Run), a mean average is used. For more information about communications commands, see the included application disc.

Average (of measurements D1 to D6) with Averaging Samples set to 2.

1st Sample 2nd Sample 3rd Sa mp le Free-Run (Moving Avg.) (D1+D2)/2 (D2+D3)/2 (D3+D4)/2 Non-Free-Run (Mean Avg.) (D1+D2)/2 (D3+D4)/2 (D5+D6)/2

When using the SLOW2 measurement speed with low-power resistance measurement on, the instrument will performing averaging with two iterations internally even if the averaging function is set to off. If the averaging function is on, the instrument will perform averaging using the set number of iterations.

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Enables the averaging function

Disables the averaging function (default) (go to step 5)

Selection

Move the cursor to the setting you wish to configure. Make the value editable with the key.

Move the cursor to the digit you wish to set with the left and right cursor keys. Change the value with the up and down cursor keys.

Change values.

Move among digits.

Setting range: 2 to 100 times (default: 2 times)

( Cancel)

Return to the Measurement screen.

4.4 Stabilizing Measured Values (Averaging Function)

Enable the averaging function.

Set the number of averaging iterations.

Return to the Measurement screen.

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Enables the TC function Disables the TC function

(default) (go to step 5)

Selection

4.5 Correcting for the Effects of Temperature (Temperature Correction (TC))

Temperature correction converts resistance values to resistance values at standard temperature and displays the result.

For more information about the principle of temperature correction, see "Appendix 4 Temperature Correction (TC) Function" (p. A4). To perform temperature correction, connect the temperature sensor or thermometer with analog output to the TEMP. jack on the rear of the instrument.

See: "2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor or Thermometer with Analog Output (When

using the TC or T)" (p.37)

See: "3.1 Checking the Measurement Target" (p.48)

Setting T to on causes TC to be turned off automatically.

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Enable the temperature correction function. (TC)

Setting range reference temperature : -10.0 to 99.9°C (default: 20°C) temperature coefficient : -99999 to 99999ppm/°C (default: 3930ppm/°C)

Move the cursor to the setting you wish to configure. Make the value editable with the key.

Move the cursor to the digit you wish to set with the left and right cursor keys. Change the value with the up and down cursor keys.

Change values.

Move among digits.

( Cancel)

Return to the Measurement screen.

4.5 Correcting for the Effects of Temperature (Temp e rat ure Correc tion (TC))

Set the reference temperature and temperature coefficient.

(Set the reference temperature and temperature coefficient by following steps through 3 for each.)

Return to the Measurement screen.

Low-Power: OFF

* When high-precision mode is off in the 100 M range, 4 digits are displayed.

Low-Power: ON

Range

Gain coefficient

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

-3

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

-2

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

-1

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×1(10

)

(0.2000 to

1.9999)

×10(10

)

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

10 m 00.000  000.000  0000.000  00.000 00 m 000.000 0 m 0000.000 m 00.000 00

100 m 000.000  0000.000  00.000 00 m 000.000 0 m 0000.000 m 00.000 00 000.000 0

1000 m 0000.000  00.000 00 m 000.000 0 m 0000.000 m 00.000 00 000.000 0 0000.000

10  00.00 000 m 000.000 0 m 0000.000 m 00.000 00 000.000 0 0000.000 00.000 00 k

100  000.000 0 m 0000.000 m 00.000 00 000.0000 0000.000 00.000 00 k 000.000 0 k

1000  0000.000 m 00.000 00 000.000 0 0000.000 00.000 00 k 000.000 0 k 0000.000 k

10 k 00.000 00 000.000 0 0000.000 00.000 00 k 000.000 0 k 0000.000 k 00.000 00 M

100 k 000.000 0 0000.000 00.000 00 k 000.000 0 k 0000.000 k 00.000 00 M 000.000 0 M

1000 k 0000.000 00.000 00 k 000.000 0 k 0000.000 k 00.000 00 M 000.000 0 M 0000.000 M

10 M 00.000 00 k 000.000 0 k 0000.000 k 00.000 00 M 000.000 0 M 0000.000 M 00.000 00 G

100 M* 000.000 0 k 0000.000 k 00.000 00 M 000.000 0 M 0000.000 M 00.000 00 G 000.000 0 G

1000 M 0000.0 k 00.000 M 000.00 M 0000.0 M 00.000 G 000.00 G 0000.0 G

Range

Gain coefficient

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

-3

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

-2

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

-1

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×1(10

)

(0.2000 to

1.9999)

×10(10

)

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

(0.2000 to

1.9999) ×10

1000 m 0000.00  00.000 0 m 000.000 m 0000.00 m 00.000 0 000.000 0000.00

10  00.000 0 m 000.000 m 0000.00 m 00.000 0 000.000 0000.00 00.000 0 k

100  000.000 m 0000.00 m 00.000 0 000.000 0000.00 00.000 0 k 000.000 k

1000  0000.00 m 00.000 0 000.000 0000.00 00.000 0 k 000.000 k 0000.00 k

4.6 Correcting Measured Values and Displaying Physical Properties Other than Resistance

4.6 Correcting Measured Values and Displaying Physical Properties Other than Resistance Values (Scaling Function)

This function applies a correction to measured values. It can be used to cancel the effects of the probing position or differences between measuring instruments, or to apply a userspecified offset as an alternative to zero-adjustment. In addition, units can be specified, allowing it to be used to convert measured values to physical properties other than resistance (for example, length).

Scaling is performed by means of the following equations:

= A × R + B

RS: Resistance value after scaling R : Measured value after zero-adjustment and temperature correction A : Gain coefficient Setting range: 0.2000 × 10

-3

to 1.9999 × 10

B : Offset Setting range: 0 to ±9 × 109 (maximum resolution: 1 n)

Displayed and sent/received measured values as well as the printer output format vary with the gain coefficient.

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Enables the scaling function

Disables the scaling function (default) (go to step 8)

Selection

4.6 Correcting Measured Values and Displaying Physical Properties Other than Resistance

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Enable the scaling function.

Setting range: 0.2000×10-3 to 1.9999×10

It is not possible to set the exponent (E+3, etc.) directly. Use

and to multiply by 10

and 1/10 as necessary.

Move the cursor to the setting you wish to configure. Make the value editable with the key.

Move the cursor to the digit you wish to set with the left and right cursor keys. Change the value with the up and down cursor keys.

Change values.

Move among digits.

( Cancel)

Multiply by 10. Multiply by 1/10. Clear value.

It is not possible to set the exponent (E+3, etc.) directly. Use

and to multiply by 10

and 1/10 as necessary.

Move the cursor to the setting you wish to configure. Make the value editable with the key.

Move the cursor to the digit you wish to set with the left and right cursor keys. Change the value with the up and down cursor keys.

Change values.

Move among digits.

( Cancel)

Multiply by 10. Multiply by 1/10. Clear value.

Setting range: 0 to ±9×109 (maximum resolution: 1 n, default: 0)

4.6 Correcting Measured Values and Displaying Physical Properties Other than Resistance

Set the gain coefficient.

Set the offset.

Selection

Use  as the unit. (default) (go to step 8)

Eliminate the unit. (go to step 8)

Use a user-defined unit.

Enter a number from 0 to 9 Enter a letter from A to z

Delete 1 character.

Move the cursor to the digit you wish to set with the left and right cursor keys. Change the value with the up and down cursor keys.

Change values.

Move among digits.

( Cancel)

Make the value editable with the

key.

Return to the Measurement screen.

4.6 Correcting Measured Values and Displaying Physical Properties Other than Resistance

Set the units for the displayed measured values.

Edit the unit as desired.

Return to the Measurement screen.

Scaling calculation is performed on measured values after zero-adjustment calculation. Consequently, measured values may not equal zero even after zero adjustment.

• If the calculation result exceeds the display range, the measured value will not be dis-

played at full scale. Example: If you set an offset of 90  for the 10 r ange  Values in excess of 10  will be displayed as OvrRng.

• If the calculation result is negative, the displayed value will be negative.

Example: If you set an offset of -50 m for the 100 m range  If you measure 30 m, -20 m will be displayed.

4.7 Changing the Number of Measured Value Digits

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

7digits (1,000,000dgt.) (default)

6digits (100,000dgt.) 5digits (10,000dgt.)

Selection

(If the number of f.s. digits is less than the setting, the number of f.s. digits will be used. For more information about f.s., see "13.1 Instrument Specifications" (p.251).)

Return to the Measurement screen.

4.7 Changing the Number of Measured Value Digits

The number of measured value digits setting applies to all channels. (RM3545-02 only)

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Select the number of measurement digits.

Return to the Measurement screen.

RP − R

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset (Offset Voltage Compensation - OVC)

This function automatically compensates for offset voltage resulting from thermal emf or internal instrument bias. (OVC: Offset Voltage Compensation)

See: "Appendix 9 Effect of Thermal EMF" (p. A23)

"3.1 Checking the Measurement Target" (p.48)

The following value is known to be a true resistance value from RP , the value measured with current flowing in the positive direction, and R ing in the negative direction.

• When low-power resistance measurement is disabled.

From the 10 m range to the 1,000  range, the offset volt age correction function can be turned on. From the 10 k range to the 1,000 m range, the OVC function cannot be used.

• When low-power resistance measurement is enabled.

The offset voltage correction function will be automatically turned on for all ranges. This function cannot be disabled.

, the value measured with current flow-

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

ON OFF

Selection

Return to the Measurement screen.

4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset (Offset Volt age Compensa t ion - OVC)

Enable the offset voltage compensation (OV C) fun ction.

Return to the Measurement screen.

• When the measurement target has a high inductance, it is necessary to adjust the delay

time. (p.84) To adjust the delay, begin with a longer delay than necessary, then gradually shorten it while watching the measured value.

• If using the zero-adjustment function, execute it after making any changes to Offset Volt-

age Compensation.

• When Offset Voltage Compensation is enabled (OVC lit) measurement time is increased.

L...... Inductance of measurement target

R...... Resistance of measurement target + test leads + contacts

I....... Measurement current (see “Accuracy” (p.253))

... Open-terminal voltage (see “Accuracy ” (p .253 ))

L R

t = − ln

1 −

I R V

LP ON

Delay

LP OFF (unit: ms )

Range

100 M range high-precision

mode

Measurement cur-

rent

Delay

OVC: OFF OVC: ON

10 m − − 75 25

100 m

− High 250 25

− Low 20 2

1000 m

− High 50 2

− Low 5 2

10 

−

High 20 2

−

Low 5 2

100 

−

High 170 2

−

Low 20 2

1000  − − 170 2

10 k − − 180

−

100 k

− −

−

1000 k

− −

−

10 M −

−

100 M ON

−

500

−

100 M OFF

−

1000 M OFF

−

4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay

This function adjusts the time for measurement to stabilize by inserting a waiting period after use of the OVC or the auto range function to change the measurement current. When this function is used, the instrument waits for its internal circuitry to stabilize before starting measurement, even if the measurement target has a high reactance component.

If the measurement target, for example, is an inductor that takes longer to stabilize after applying a measurement current, and it cannot be measured with the initial delay (default), adjust the delay. Set the delay time to approximately ten times the following calculation so that the reactance component (inductance or capacitance) does not affect the measurement.

The delay setting can be selected from a preset (internal fixed value) or user-set value.

(1) Preset (internal fixed value)

Value depends on the range and offset voltage correction function.

(2) User-set value

Setting range: 0 to 9999 ms The set value is used for all ranges.

Contact

Detected voltage

Measurement processing

Separation

Measurement

Delay Timing Chart

Probe Contact Condition

Measurement Current

4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay

• The preset value is set assuming about 10 mH of inductance and varies with each mea-

surement ra nge.

• When using the EXT trigger source, the measurement current will not be stopped for

measurement ranges of 10 k and greater (continuous application).

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Preset (internal fixed value) (go to step 5)

User-set

Selection

4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay

Setting the Delay Time

Set the delay so that reactance component (inductance or capacitance) does not affect measurements. To fine tune the delay, begin with a longer delay than necessary, then gradually shorten it while watching the measured value.

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Select whether to use the preset (default) or a user-set value.

Set DELAY.

Setting range: 0 ms (default) to 9999 ms

Move the cursor to the setting you wish to configure. Make the value editable with the key.

Move the cursor to the digit you wish to set with the left and right cursor keys. Change the value with the up and down cursor keys.

Change values.

Move among digits.

( Cancel)

Return to the Measurement screen.

4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay

4.10 Checking for Poor or Improper Contact (Contact Check Function)

This function detects poor contact between the probes and measurement target, and broken measurement cables. The instrument continually monitors the resistance between the SOURCE A and SENSE A probes and the SOURCE B and SENSE B response time) and while measuring. When the resistance is outside of the threshold, a contact error is determined to have occurred.a

When a contact error occurs,

CONTACT TERM.A

appears. No comparator judgment is applied to the measured value. When these error messages appear, check the probe contacts, and check for broken measurement cables. When the resistance value between the SENSE and SOURCE is high, for example when the measurement target is conductive paint or conductive rubber, you will not be able to perform measurement due to the continuous error state. In this case, turn off the contact check function. (If the error is not cleared by shorting the tips of a known-good measurement cable, the instrument requires repair.)

See: "3.5 Checking Measured Values" (p.52) See: "Appendix 14 Checking Measurement Faults" (p. A32)

• The contact check threshold is about 50 . Because the threshold depends on the mea-

surement target, connection cables, measurement range, and other factors, it may not reach 50 . Additionally, if the source resistance value alone is large, a current fault may occur without a contact error. (p.55)

• Turning the setting off with the 100 M or greater range will cause the contact check

function to operate continuously .

• When set to 2-wire with the multiplexer, the contact check function will be turned off.

• During low-resistance measurement, poor contact of the SOURCE A or SOURCE B

probe may be detected as an over-range measurement.

• When contact checking is disabled, measured values may be displayed even when a

probe is not contacting the measurement target.

• When the contact check is disabled, the measured value error component may increase

when the contact resistance increases.

• When using the INT trigger source, current will stop when a contact error occurs (when

• Routing measurement cables together with power lines, signal lines, or measurement

cables for other devices may result in a contact error.

• The contact check function default setting is disabled during low-power resistance mea-

surement. Turning on the contact check function will cause the open terminal voltage to change to 300 mV.

probes from the start of integration (including

CONTACT TERM.B

erro r message

4.10 Checking for Poor or Improper Contact (Contact Check Function)

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Enables the contact check function (default setting when low power is set to off)

Disables the contact check function (default setting when low power is set to on)

Selection

Return to the Measurement screen.

Open the Settings Screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Enable the Contact Check function.

Return to the Measurement screen.

Probe contact condition

Contact Improver current

Measurement current

(10 m to 1,000  range)

Measurement current

(10 k to 1,000 M range)

Measurement

Delay

Measuring

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

4.11 Improving Probe Contact (Contact Improver Function)

4.1 1 Improving Probe Contact (Contact Improver Function)

Probe contacts can be improved by applying current from the SENSE A to the SENSE B probes before measuring.

The Contact Improver function applies voltage to the sample. Be careful when measuring samples with characteristics (magnetoresistive elements, signal relays, EMI filters, etc.) that may be affected.

The maximum co nt act imp rov eme nt c urre nt i s 10 m A, an d th e m ax imum app lie d volta ge is 5 V. When low power is set to on, the contact improver function is set to off. Using the contact improver function causes the time until measurement completion to be lengthened by 0.2 ms.

Timing Chart (Contact Improver Function)

Open the Settings Screen.

4.11 Improving Probe Contact (Contact Improver Function)

Move the cursor to the [MEAS] tab with the left and right cursor keys.

Enables the contact improver function

Disables the contact improver (default)

Selection

Return to the Measurement screen.

Open the Measurement Setting Screen.

Enable the Contact Improver function.

Return to the Measurement screen.

Configure automatically.

Execute automatically.

(default)

Configure manually.

Execute at user-selected

timing.

A self-calibration tha t lasts ab out 5 ms is pe rformed between measurements.

Self-calibration is performed at the user's desired timing using the EXT I/ O CA L sign al in put or a comm uni cations command (:SYSTem:CALibration). Using this setting prevents self- calibration from being performed automatically at unexpected times.

The Settings screen appears.

Switch the function menu to P.2/3.

4.12 Maintaining Measurement Precision (Self-Calibration)

The instrument corrects the circuitry’s internal offset voltage and gain drift as a form of selfcalibration in order to maintain its measurement precision.

You can select between two self-calibration function execution methods.

Self-calibration tim in g and inte rv a l s

Setting Calibration timing

Auto * After measurement 5 ms

Manual During execution 400 ms

Measurement hold interval

(calibration interval)

* When using the auto setting When using the auto setting, self-calibration is performed for 5 ms once every second during TRIG standby operation. In the event the TRIG signal is received during a 5 ms self-calibration, the self-calibration is canceled, and measurement will start after 0.5 ms. If you are concerned about variation in measurement times, please use the manual setting.

Open the Settings Screen.

Hioki RM3545-01, RM3545, RM3545-02 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Using This Instruction Manual

Contents

Introduction

Verifying Package Contents

Safety Information

Operating Precautions

1.1 Product Overview and Features

1.2 Names and Functions of Parts

1.3 Measurement Process

1.4 Screen Organization and Operation Overview

1.5 Checking the Measurement Target

2.1 Connecting the Power Cord

2.2 Connecting Measurement Leads

Connecting the Z2001 Temperature Sensor

Connecting an Analog Output Ther m o m et e r

2.4 Installing the Multiplexer Unit

2.5 Turning the Power On and Off

Turning On the Instrument with the Main Power Switch

Turning Off the Instrument with the Main Power Switch

Canceling the Standby State

Placing the Instrument in the Standby State

2.6 Pre-Operation Inspection

3.1 Checking the Measurement Target

3.2 Selecting the Measurement Range

3.3 Setting the Measur em en t Sp eed

3.4 Connecting Measurement Leads to the Measurement Target

3.5 Checking Measured Values

Switching the Display

Confirming Measurement Faults

Holding Measured Values

4.1 Switching to Low-power Resistance Measurement

4.3 Zero Adjustment

4.4 Stabilizing Measured Values (Averaging Function)

4.5 Correcting for the Effects of Temperature (Temperature Correction (TC))

4.6 Correcting Measured Values and Displaying Physical Properties Other than Resistance Values (Scaling Function)

4.7 Changing the Number of Measured Value Digits

4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset (Offset Voltage Compensation - OVC)

4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay

4.10 Checking for Poor or Improper Contact (Contact Check Function)

4.11 Improving Probe Contact (Contact Improver Function)

4.12 Maintaining Measurement Precision (Self-Calibration)