Hioki RM3545-01, RM3545, RM3545-02 User Manual
Instruction Manual
RM3545
RM3545-01
RM3545-02
RESISTANCE METER
October 2013 Revised edition 1 RM3545A981-01 13-10H
Using This Instruction Manual
To do this… Refer to these sections in t his m anual.
Review important
information
Start using the instrument right away
Learn more about
instrument functions
Learn more about
product specifications
Troubleshoot a problem
Learn more about
resist ance measure ment
Learn more about
communicat i o ns commands
Safety Informati o n (p.4)
Operating Precautions (p.6)
Overview (p.19)
Search for the function in question in the table
of contents (p.i) or the index (p.Index 1).
Specifications (p. 251)
Troubleshooting (p. 286)
Appendix (p . A1)
Communications Command Instruction Manual
(on the application di sc)
Contents
Introduction.....................................................1
Verifying Package Contents...........................2
Safety Information..........................................4
Operating Precautions......... ..... ...... ..... ...........6
Chapter 1 Overview 19
1.1 Product Overview and Features ........19
1.2 Names and Functions of Parts ...........22
1.3 Measurement Process .......................25
1.4 Screen Organization and
Operation Overview ...........................27
1.5 Checking the Measurement Target ....33
Chapter 2 Measurement
Preparations 35
2.1 Connecting the Power Cord............... 35
2.2 Connecting Measurement Leads .......36
2.3 Connecting Z2001 Temperature Sensor
or Thermometer with Analog Output
(When using the TC or T) ................37
Connecting the Z2001 Temperature Sensor
...................................................................37
Conn ect i ng an Anal o g Outp ut Th er mo meter
...................................................................39
2.4 Installing the Multiplexer Unit .............42
2.5 Turning the Power On and Off ...........43
Turning On the Instrument with the
Main Power Switch ...................................43
Turning Off the Instrument with the
Main Power Switch ...................................43
Canceling the Standby State ....................43
Placing the Instrument in the Standby State
......................... ....................... .................. 44
2.6 Pre-Operation Inspection ...................45
Chapter 3 Basic Measurements
47
3.1 Checking the Measurement Target ....48
3.2 Selecting the Measurement Range ....49
Contents
3.3 Setting the Measurement Speed ........50
3.4 Connecting Measurement Leads to the
Measurement Target ..........................51
3.5 Checking Measured Values ...............52
Switching the Display ............................... 52
Confirming Measurement Faults .............. 55
Holding Measured Values ........................ 60
Chapter 4 Cu stom iz ing
Measurement
Conditions 63
4.1 Switching to Low-power Resi stance
Measurement .....................................64
4.2 Switching Measurem en t Curre nts
(100 m to 100 ) ..............................66
4.3 Zero Adjustment .................................68
4.4 Stabilizing Measured Values
(Averaging Function) ..........................73
4.5 Correcting for the Effect s of Temper atur e
(Temperatu re Correction (TC)) ...........75
4.6 Correcting Measured Values and
Displaying Physical Properties Other
than Resistance Values
(Scaling Function) ..............................77
4.7 Changing the Number of Measured
Value Digits ........................................81
4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Of fset
(Offset Voltage Compensation - OVC)
...........................................................82
4.9 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay ........84
4.10 Checking for Poor or Improper Contact
(Contact Check Function) ...................88
4.11 Improving Probe Contact
(Contact Improver Function) ...............90
4.12 Maintaining Measurement Precision
(Self-Calibration) ................................92
4.13 Increasing the Precision of the 100 M
Range (100 M High-precision Mode)
...........................................................96
i
1
2
3
4
ii
Contents
Chapter 5 Judgment, Statistics,
and Conversion
Functions 97
5.1 Judging Measured Valu es
(Comparator Function) .......................98
Enabling and Disabli ng the Compa ra t or
Function ................ ................................. 100
Decide According to Upper/Lower
Thresholds (ABS Mode) .................... ..... 101
Decide According to Reference Value and
Tolerance (REF% Mode) ....................... 103
Checking Judgments Using Sound
(Judgment Sound Setting Function) ...... 105
Checking Judgments with the L2105 LED
Comparator Attachment (Option) ........... 107
5.2 Classifying Measurement Results
(BIN Measurement Function) ...........108
5.3 Performing Statist ica l Calcu l ati on s on
Measured Values .............................111
Using Statistical Calculations ................. 112
Confirming, Printing, and Erasing
Calculation Results ................................ 114
5.4 Performing Temperature Rise Test
(Temperat ure Conversion Function (T))
..........................................................116
Chapter 6 Saving and Loading
Panels (Saving and
Loading Measurement Conditions)
119
6.1 Saving Measurement Conditions
(Panel Save Function) ......................120
6.2 Loading Measurement Conditions
(Panel Load Function) ......................121
Preventing Loading of Zero-adjustment
Values ........................ ............................ 122
6.3 Changing Panel Names ...................123
6.4 Deleting Panel Data .........................124
Disabling Key Operations
(Key-Lock Function) ... .... ..... ..... .............. 126
Re-Enabling Key Operations
(Key-Lock Cancel) .................................. 127
7.2 Ena bling or Disabling the Key Beeper
......................................................... 128
7.3 Power Line Frequency Manual Setting
......................................................... 129
7.4 Adjusting Screen Contrast ............... 131
7.5 Adjusting the Backlight ........... ...... ...132
7.6 Setting the Clock ..............................133
7.7 Initializing (Reset) ............................134
Default Settings ...................................... 136
Chapter 8 Multiplexer 139
8.1 About the Multiplexer .......................140
Connector Type and Pinouts .................. 143
About multiplexer wiring ......................... 145
8.2 Internal Circuitry ............................ ...146
Electrical Specifications ......................... 147
8.3 Multiplexer Settings ......................... 148
Configuring Multiplexer Settings ............148
Customizing Channel Pin Allocation ......152
Setting Basic Measurement Conditions and
Total Judgment Conditions for Individual
Channels ........................ ........................ 156
Customizing Measurement Conditions for
Individual Channels ................................ 160
8.4 Measuring with the Multiplexer ........ 161
Measuring While Switching Channels
Manually ................ ........................ ......... 161
Performing Scan Measurement ............. 162
8.5 Zero Adjustment
(When a Multiplexer Unit Has Been
Installed) .......................................... 163
Performing zero-adjustment ................... 163
Canceling zero-adjustment .................... 164
8.6 Performing the Multiplexer Unit
Test ..................................................166
8.7 Example Connections and Settings
......................................................... 168
Chapter 7 System Settings 125
7.1 Disabling and Enabling Key Operations
.........................................................126
Chapter 9 D/A Output 175
9.1 Connecting D/A Output ....................175
9.2 D/A Output Specifications ................176
Chapter 10External Control
(EXT I/O) 177
10.1 External Input/Output Connecto r
and Signals...................................... 178
Switching between Current Sink (NPN) and
Current Source (PNP) .............................178
Conn ect or Typ e and Signal Pino ut s .......179
Signal Descriptions .................................181
10.2 Timing Chart .................................... 187
From Start of Measurement to Acquisition
of Judgment Results ...............................187
BCD Signal Timing .................................191
Zero-adjustment timing ...........................192
Self-calibration timing .............................193
Cont act imp rov er timin g .......... ..... ...........196
Panel Load Timing ..................................197
Mult iplex er Tim ing ........................ ..... ......198
Output Signal State at Power-On ...........201
Acquisition Process When Using an
External Trigger ..................................... .202
10.3 Internal Circuitry ...............................204
Electrical Specifications ..........................206
Connection Examples .................. ..... ..... .207
10.4 External I/O Settings ........................208
Setting Measurement Start Conditions
(Trigger Source) ......................................208
Setting the TRIG Signal Logic ................210
Eliminating TRIG/PRINT Signal Chatter
(Filter Function) .... ..... ..... ......................... 21 2
Setting EOM Signal ................................214
Switching Output Modes
(JUDGE Mode/ BCD Mode) ....................216
10.5 Checking External Control ...............217
Performing an I/O Test
(EXT I/O Test Function) .................... ..... .217
10.6 Supplied Connector Assembly .........219
Chapter 11Communications
(USB/ RS-232C/
GP-IB Interface) 221
11.1 Overview and Features ....................221
Specif ications ....... ............... .............. ...... 222
11.2 Preparations before Use
(Connections and Settings) ..............223
Using the USB Interface .........................223
Using the RS-232C Interface ..................226
iii
Contents
Using the GP-IB Interface
(RM3545-01 only) .................................. 230
11.3 Controlling the Instrument with
Commands and Acquiring Data .......232
Remo te and Local S tate s .... .... ............... 232
Displaying Communications Commands
(Communications Monitor Function) ...... 233
Acquiring Measured Values at Once
(Data Memory Function) ........................ 235
11.4 Auto-Exporting Measured Values
(at End of Measurement)
(Data Output Function) .....................236
Chapter 12Printing (Using an
RS-232C Printer) 239
12.1 Connecting the Printer to the Instrument
..........................................................239
12.2 Printing .............................................242
Printing Measured Values and Comparator
Judgments ............................................. 242
Printing List of Measurement Conditions
and Settings ........................................... 243
Printing Statistical Calculation Results ... 247
Chapter 13Specifications 251
13.1 Instrument Specifications .................251
Measurement Ranges ............................ 251
Measurement Method ............................ 251
Measurement Specifications .................. 252
About Instrument Accuracy .................... 259
Functions ............................................... 260
Inte rface .............................. ................... 271
Environment and Safety Specifications . 278
Acce sso ries . ..... ................................. ..... 278
O ptions ........ ......... ..... .......... ......... .......... 278
13.2 Z3003 Multiplexer Unit .....................279
General Specifications ........................... 279
Measurement Specifications .................. 281
About Instrument Accuracy .................... 282
Functions ............................................... 283
Environment and Safety Specifications . 283
Acce sso ries . ..... ................................. ..... 283
13
14
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
Appendix
Index
iv
Contents
Chapter 14 Maintenance and
Service 285
14.1 Troubleshooting ................................286
Q&A (Frequently Asked Questions) ....... 286
Error Displays and Remedies ................ 298
14.2 Replacing the Measurement Circuit’s
Protective Fuse ................................302
14.3 Inspection and Repair ......................303
14.4 Disposing of the Instrument ..............304
Removing the Lithium Battery ................ 304
Appendix A 1
Appendix 1Block Diagram..........................A 1
Appendix 2Four-Terminal (Voltage-Drop)
Method..................................... A 2
Appendix 3DC and AC Measurement........A 3
Appendix 4 Temperature Correction (TC)
Function...................................A 4
Appendix 5Temperature Conversion (T)
Function...................................A 6
Appendix 6Zero Adjustment.......................A 7
Appendix 7Unstable Measured Values.... A 12
Appendix 8Mitigating Noise .....................A 19
Appendix 9Effect of Thermal EMF........... A 23
Appendix 10Detecting the Location of a Short
on a Printed Circuit Board......A 25
Appendix 11Measuring Contact Resistance
............................. ..................A 26
Appendix 12JEC 2137 Induction Machine-
compliant Resistance Measure-
ment.......................................A 28
Appendix 13Making Your Own Measurement
Leads, Making Connections to the
Multiplexer..............................A 29
Appendix 14Checking Measurement Faults
............................. ..................A 32
Appendix 15Using the Instrument with a
Withstanding Voltage Tester.. A 33
Appendix 16Measurement Leads (Options)
............................. ..................A 34
Appendix 17Rack Mounting......................A 35
Appendix 18Outline Drawing....................A 37
Appendix 19Calibration............................A 38
Appendix 20Adjustment Procedure..........A 43
Appendix 21Instrument Settings (Memo)..A 44
Index Index 1
Introduction
Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI Model RM3545/ RM3545-01/ RM3545-02 Resistance
Meter. To obtain maximum performance from the instrument, please read this manual first,
and keep it handy for future reference.
Model RM3545-01 is the same as the RM3545, but with GP-IB included.
Model RM3545-02 is the same as the RM3545, but Multiplexer Slot included.
Registered tradem ar ks
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or
other countries.
1
2
When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage
occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and
connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
Confirm that these contents are provided.
Model RM3545 or
RM3545-01 (with GP-IB included) or
RM3545-02 (with Multiplexer
Slot included)..1
Power Cord (2-line + ground) (p. 35).............1
Model L2101 Clip Type Lead .........................1
Model Z2001 Temperature Sensor ................1
EXT I/O Male Connector (p. 219)...................1
Instruction Manual (This document)... 1
Application disc (CD)*........................1
(Communications Command
Instruction Ma nual, USB dr iver )
USB cable (A-B type).........................1
Spare Fuse (F1.6AH/250V) ...............1
* The latest version of the application disc can be downloaded from the Hioki web site.
Verifying Package Contents
Verifying Package Contents
Inspection
Content confirmation
Options
Measurement
Model L2101 Clip Type Lead
Model L2102 Pin Type Lead
Model L2103 Pin Type Lead
Model L2104 4-Terminal Lead
Interface Cables
Model 9637 RS-232C Cable (9pin-9pin/ 1.8 m/ crossover cable)
Model 9638 RS-232C Cable (9pin-25pin/ 1.8 m/ crossover cable)
Model 9151-02 GP-IB Connector Cable (2 m)
Model L2105 LED Comparator Attachment
Model Z2001 Temperature Sensor
Multiplexer Unit
Model Z3003 Multi pl exer Unit
Contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller for details.
See: "Appendix 16 Measurement Leads (Options)" (p. A34)
3
Verifying Package Contents
4
Safety Information
Safety Information
This instrument is designed to conform to IEC 61010 Safety Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment.
However, using the instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate the provided safety features.
Before using the instrument, be certain to carefully read the following safety notes.
Mishandling during use could result in injury or death, as well as damage to the product. Be certain that you understand the instructions and
precautions in the manual before use.
With regard to the electricity supply, there are risks of electric shock,
heat generation, fire, and arc discharge due to short circuits. If per sons
unfamiliar with electricity measuring instruments are to use the product, another person familiar with such instruments must supervise
operations.
This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe operation of the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating condition. Before using it, be sure to carefully
read the following safety precautions.
Safety Symbols
In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly important information that the
user should read before using the instrument.
The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to a
corresponding topic in the manual (marked with the symbol) before using the
relevant function.
Indicates AC (Alternating Current).
Indicates the ON side of the power switch.
Indicates the OFF side of the power switch.
Indicates a fuse.
The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance of cautions and warnings.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents an extreme hazard that could result in
serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant hazard that could result in
serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility of injury to the user or damage to the instrument.
Indicates advisory items related to performance or correct operation of the instrument.
Safety Information
Symbols for Various Standards
This symbol indicates that the product conforms to regulations set out by the EC
Directive.
WEEE marking:
This symbol indicates that the electrical and electronic appliance is put on the EU
market after August 13, 2005, and producers of the Member States are required to
display it on the appliance under Article 11.2 of Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE).
Other Symbols
Indicates the prohibited action.
(p. )
[ ]
SET
(Bold characters)
Unless otherwise specified, “Windows” represents Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, or
Windows 8.
Indicates the location of reference information.
*
Indicates that descriptive information is provided below.
Square brackets indicate instrument display labels (such as setting item names).
Bold characters within the text indicate operating key labels.
Accuracy
We define measur ement tol erance s in te rms o f f. s. (fu ll scal e), rd g. (r eading ) and dgt. (di git) va lues , wit h the
following meanings.
f.s.
rdg.
dgt.
See: "Example accuracy calculations" (p. 259)
(maximum display value)
This is usually the name of the maximum displayable value. For this instrument , it
indicates the currently selected range.
(reading or displayed value)
The value currently being me as ur ed and ind ica ted on the measuring instrument .
(resolution)
The smallest displaya bl e un it on a di gi tal measuring instrument, i.e., the input val ue
that causes the digital display to show a “1” as the least-significant digit.
5
6
Operating Precautions
Operating Precautions
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benefits of the various functions.
Preliminary Checks
Before using the instrument for the first time, verify that it operates normally to ensure that
no damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you find any damage, contact your
authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the
power cord, leads or cabl es i s undamaged and that no bare conductors
are improperly exposed. Using the instrument in such condi tions could
cause an electric shock, so contact your authorized Hioki distributor or
reseller for replacements.
Instrument Installation
The instrument can be used with the stand (p. 24).
It can also be rack-mounted. (p. A35).
50 mm or more
10 mm or more
Rear
50 mm or more
Operating temperature and humidity: 0 to 40°C at 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
Storage temperature and humidity : -10°C to 50°C at 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
Avoid the following locations that could cause an accident or damage to the
instrument.
Correct measurement may be impossible in the presence of strong magnetic
fields, such as near transformers and high-current conductors, or in the pre sence of strong electromagnetic fields such as near radio transmitters.
Exposed to direct sunlight
Exposed to high temperature
Exposed to water, oil,
other chemicals , or solvents
Exposed to high humidity or condensation
Exposed to high levels
of particulate dust
Subject to vibration
7
Operating Precautions
In the presence of corrosive or
explosive gases
Exposed to strong electromagnetic fields
Near electromagnetic radiators
Near induction heating systems
(e.g., high-frequency induction heating systems and IH
cooking utensils)
Installation Precautions
• The instrumen t should be operated only with the bottom downwards.
• Do not place the instrument on an unstable or slanted surface.
Unplugging the power cord kills power to the instrument. Be sure to provide
enough unobstructed space to unplug the power cord immediately in an
emergency.
8
Operating Precautions
Handling the Instrument
• Do not allow the instrument t o get w et , a nd do not take measurements
with wet hands. This may cause an electric shock.
• Do not attempt to modify, disassemble or repair the instrument; as
fire, electric shock and injury could result.
• To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from physical shock when
transporting and handling. Be especially careful to avoid physical shock
from dropping.
• To avoid damage to the instrument, do not apply voltage or current to mea-
surement terminals, TEMP.SENSOR jack, TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal
block, COMP.OUT jack, or D/A OUTPUT terminal block.
• This instrument may cause interference if used in residential areas. Such
use must be avoided unless the user takes special measures to reduce
electromagnetic emissions to prevent interference to the reception of radio
and television broadcasts.
• Use the original packing materials when transporting the instrument, if pos-
sible.
Handling the Cords and Leads
To avoid electrical shock, be careful t o avoid shorting live lines with the
test leads.
• Avoid stepping o n or pinching cables, which could damage t he cable insul a-
tion.
• To avoid breaking cables or lead wires, do not bend or pull them.
• To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when
unplugging it from the power outlet.
• To avoid damaging the cable, grasp the connector, not the cable, when
unplugging the cable.
• The ends of the pin type lead are sharp. Be careful to avoid injury.
• Keep the cables well away from heat sources, as bare conductors could be
exposed if the insulation melts.
• Temperature sensors are precision devices. Be aware that excessive volt-
age pulses or static discharges can destroy the film.
• Avoid subjecting the temperature sensor tip to physical shock, and avoid
sharp bends in the leads. These may damage the probe or break a wire.
• Use only the specified cords and leads. Using a non-specified cord or lead
may result in incorrect measurements due to poor connection or other reasons.
• If the part of the temperature sensor that connects to the instrument
becomes dirty, wipe it clean. The presence of dirt may affect temperature
measured values by increasing the contact resistance.
• Exercise care so that the temperature sensor connector does not become
disconnected. (If the sensor is disconnected, it will not be possible to perform temperature correction or temperature conversion.)
9
Operating Precautions
CD-R disc precautions
• Exercise care to keep the recorded side of discs free of dirt and scratches.
When writing text on a disc’s label, use a pen or marker with a soft tip.
• Keep discs inside a protective case and do not expose to direct sunlight,
high temperature, or high humidity.
• Hioki is not liable for any issues your computer system experiences in the
course of using this disc.
10
Operating Precautions
Before Connecting the Power Cord
• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifications
of this instrument, connect the power cord provided only to a 3-contact (two-conductor + ground) ou tl et .
• Use only the design ate d power cord with this instrument. Use of other
power cords may cause fire.
• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the
power cord is undamaged and that no bare conduct ors are impr operly
exposed. Any damage could cause electric shock, so contact your
authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when
unplugging it from the power outlet.
Before Connecting Measuremen t Leads
To avoid shock and short circuits, turn off all power before connecting
measurement leads.
Before Connecting the LED Comparator Attachment
• To keep from damaging the instrument or LED Comparator Attachment,
turn off the instrument before connecting the attachment.
• The COMP.OUT jack is provided exclusively for use with the L2105. Do not
connect any device other than the L2105.
• The attachment may not fulfill the specifications if the connector is not
attached securely.
• Do not over-tighten the cable tie around the measurement leads. Doing so
may damage the measurement leads.
• Avoid the following as damage to the cable conductor or insulation may
result:
Twisting or pulling on cables
Bending cables near the lamp excessively in order to connect them
Before Connecting the Temperature Sensor
Failure to fasten the connectors properly may result in sub-specification performance or damage to the equipment.
Note the following precautions to avoid damaging the instrument:
• To keep from damaging the instrument or temperature sensor, turn off the
instrument’s main power switch before connecting the sensor.
• Connect the temperature sensor by inserting the plug all the way into the
TEMP.SENSOR jack. A loose connection can cause a large error component in measured values.
• If the temperature sensor jack becomes di rty, wipe it clean. The pr esence of
dirt will cause an error in temperature measured values.
• When connecting the temperature sensor, do not connect anything to the
TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block. Doing so may cause erroneous
measured values to be displayed.
Before Connecting the Thermometer
• Note that thermometer circuit is grounded. To avoid electric shock
accidents or damage to the instrument, do not connect an analog output thermometer to the TEMP.ANALOG INPUT terminal block that ha s
any potential offset from ground.
• Failure to fasten the connectors properly may result in sub-specifica-
tion performance or damage to the equipment.
11
Operating Precautions
Note the following precautions to avoid damaging the instrument:
• Before connecting a thermometer t o t he instrument, confirm that any power
to the instrument and thermometer is turned OFF.
• Allowable input voltage from an analog thermometer is 0 to 2 V (between
terminal contacts). Do not apply voltage exceeding this range.
• With thermometers providing 4 to 20 mA output, connect a shunt resistance
of about 50 before connecting, and convert the resulting voltage.
• When connecting the thermometer, do not connect anything to the
TEMP.SENSOR jack. Doing so may cause erroneous measured values to
be displayed.
12
Operating Precautions
Before Connecting Data Cables (US B, RS-232C, GP-IB)
• Failure to fasten the connectors properly may result in sub-specifica-
tion performance or damage to the equipment.
• Always turn both devices OFF when connecting and di sconnecting an
interface (except USB) connector. Otherwise, an electric shock accident may occur.
Observe the following precautions when connecting the instrument and a
controller:
• To avoid faults, do not disconnect or reconnect the USB cable d uring instru-
ment operation.
• The USB, RS-232C, and GP-IB interfaces are not isolated from the ground
circuit. Connect the instrument and the controller to a common earth
ground. Using different grounds could result in potential difference between
the instrument and the controller. Potential difference on the data cable can
result in malfunctions and faults.
Before Connecting the Printer
Because electric shock and instrument damage hazards are present,
always follow the steps below when connecting the printer.
• Always turn off the instrument and the printer before connecting.
• A serious hazard can occur if a wire becomes dislocated and contacts
another conductor during operation. Make certain connections are
secure.
Before Switching between Current Sink (NPN) and Current Source (PNP)
• Configure the NPN/PNP setting to accommodate externally connected
equipment.
• Do not operate the NPN/PNP switch while the instrument is on.
Before Connecting EXT I/O
To avoid electric shock or damage to the equipment, always observe
the following precautions when connecting to the EXT I/O connect or.
• Always turn off the main power switch on the instrument and on any
devices to be connected before making connec tions.
• Be careful to avoid exceeding the ratings of external terminals (p.
206).
• During operation, a wire becoming dislocated and contacting another
conductive object can be serious hazard. Use screws to secure the
external connectors.
• The ISO_5V pin of the EXT I/O connector is a 5V (NPN)/ -5V (PNP)
power output. Do n ot apply ext ernal power t o thi s pin. (Exte rnal p owe r
cannot be supplied to the instrument’s EXT I/O connector.)
To avoid damage to the instrument, observe the following cautions:
• Do not apply voltage or current to the EXT I/O terminals that exceeds their
ratings.
• When driving relays, be sure to install diodes to absorb counter-electromo-
tive force.
• Be careful not to short-circuit ISO_5V to ISO_COM.
• Configure the NPN/PNP setting to accommodate externally connected
equipment.
• Do not operate the NPN/PNP switch while the instrument is on.
See: "Connector Type and Signal Pinouts" (p. 179)
13
Operating Precautions
14
Operating Precautions
Before Attaching a Multiplexer Unit
Before Connecting the Multiplexer’s Connector
• To avoid electric shock, before removing or replacing a Multiplexer
Unit, confirm that the instrument’s main power switch is off and that
the measurement leads, power cord, and all connectors have been
disconnected.
• The mounting screws must be firmly tightened or the Multiplexer Unit
may not perform to specifications, or may even fail.
• Failure to fasten the connectors properly may result in sub-specifica-
tion performance or damage to the equipment.
• When connecting a measurement target with electromotive force (a
battery or power supply), take steps to protect against short-circu its.
• The Z3003 Multiplexer Unit’s maximum allowable voltage for contacts
is 33 V RMS/46.7 V peak, or 70 V DC. Do not connect directly to a
dielectric strength tester or insulation resistance tester.
• To avoid the danger of electric shock, never operate the instrument
with a multiplexer unit removed. To use the instrument after removing
a multiplexer unit, install a blank panel over the opening of the
removed unit.
• When inserting in the unit, hold the metal plate. Directly touching the board
may cause damage of the unit or accuracy deteriorations in the higher
resistance ranges due to the influence of static electricity. Taking countermeasures against static electricity (using antistatic devices such as a wrist
strap) as well as wearing antistatic gloves are recommended.
• To prevent malfunctions when not using the Multiplexer Unit, store it using
the packaging materials in which it was delivered.
Before Using D/A Output
• To avoid electric shock and instrument damage when connecting a device
to the instrument’s D/A output terminal, turn off main power switch on the
instrument and the device being connected and ensure that the measurement leads have been disconnected from the measurement target.
• The maximum output voltage that can be generated from the D/A output is
5 V . If the rated vol tage of the device being conne cted is less than 5.5 V, the
connected device could be damaged.
• D/A output is not isolated from the gro und circuit. If the device connected to
D/A output is not isolated from the ground circuit, the error component in
measured values will increase.
Before Turning Power On
Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage
matches that indicated on its power connector. Connection to an
improper supply voltage may damage the instrument and present an
electrical hazard.
Avoid using an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or DC/AC inverter with
rectangular wave or pseudo-sin e-wave output t o power t he instru ment. Doing
so may damage the instrument.
15
Operating Precautions
16
The measurement target is
connected to a power supply.
• Never attempt to measure at a point where volt-
age is present. Even if the power supply to the
motor is turned off, while the motor is rotating
inertially, high electromotive power is generated
in terminals. When attempting to measure a
transformer or motor immediately after voltage
withstanding test, induced voltage or residual
charge may damage the instrument.
Rotating inertially
• When the RM3545 is used in a way that connects to a withstanding voltage
tester via switching relays, construct a testing line bearing the following in
mind.
See: "Appendix 15 Using the Instrument with a Withstanding Voltage Tester" (p. A33)
(1) The voltage withstanding specification of switching relays should
include a safe margin over the withstanding testing voltage.
(2) To protect against damage due to arc discharge in relay contacts, all
RM3545 measurement terminals should be grounded during voltage
withstanding testing.
(3) To protect against damage due to residual charge, measure resistance
first, and voltage withstanding last.
3158 AC Withstanding Voltage HiTester RM3545
Withstand voltage of relay switch is not high enough.
Residual charge from voltage
withstanding test is present.
Operating Precautions
Before Measuring
• To avoid electric shock or damage to the
instrument, do not apply voltage to the
measurement terminals. Also, to avoid
electrical accidents, only take measurements after turning off the power to the
measurement targets being measured.
• Sparks may result at the moment the instrument is connected to, or
disconnected from, the measurement target. To avoid fire or bodily
injury, avoid use in the presence of explosive gases.
• Battery internal resistance cannot be measured with this instrument. It will
sustain damage. To measure battery internal resistance, we recommend the
HIOKI 3554, 3555, BT3562, BT3563 and 3561 Battery HiTesters.
• To obtain the guaranteed measurement accuracy, allow at least 60 minutes
warm-up.
• When measuring devices such as power supply transformers with high
inductance or open-type solenoid coils, measured value may be unstable.
In such cases, connect a film capacitor of about 1 F between SOURCE A
and SOURCE B.
• Carefully insulate all SOURCE A, SENSE A, SENSE B, and SOURCE B
wiring. Proper 4-terminal measurements cannot be performed and an error
will occur if core and shield wires touch.
• The SOURCE terminal is protected by a fuse. If the fuse is tripped, the
instrument will display “
Blown Fuse.” and you will not be able to measure
resistance values. If the fuse is tripped, replace the fuse.
See: "14.2 Replacing the Measurement Circuit’s Protective Fuse" (p. 302)
• Since the instrument uses DC current for measurement, it may be affected
by thermal EMF, resulting in a measurement error . If so, use the Offset V o ltage Compensation function (OVC).
See: "4.8 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset (Offset Voltage Compensation -
OVC)" (p. 82)
See: "Appendix 9 Effect of Thermal EMF" (p. A23)
When using the temperature sensor
The temperature sensor is not waterproof. Do not submerse it in water or
other liquid.
17
Operating Precautions
• Allow the measurement target for which temperature correction is being
performed and the temperature sensor to adjust to the am bient temper ature
prior to measurement. Failure to do so will result in a large error component.
• Handling of the temperature sensor with bare hands may cause the sensor
to pick up inductive noise, resulting in unstable measured values.
• The temperature sensor is designed for use in applications in which ambi-
ent temperature is measured. It is not possible to accurately measure the
temperature of the measurement target itself by placing the sensor in contact with the surface of the target. Use of an infrared thermometer to perform correction is appropriate when there is a large temperature difference
between the ambient environment and the measurement target.
• Connect the temperature sensor by inserting the plug all the way into the
TEMP.SENSOR jack. A loose connection may cause a large error component in measured values.
18
Operating Precautions
19
• Measurement range: 10 m to 1000 M/ Basic accuracy: 0.006%rdg.
• Maximum resolution: 10 n
Supports low-resistance measurement of current detection resistors, reactors, welds, etc.
• Up t o 1 G range
Can be used in open testing of contacts.
• Discharge vol tage of 20 mV or less
Low-power measurement can be used in testing under IEC 60512-2 and other contact
standards.
• Accuracy defined without zero-adjustmen t
Conduct measurement with peace of mind, even without performing zero-adjustment.
• Wiring resistance tolerance in low-resistance range: 1.5
Measurement cables can be extended easily, even when using the 1 A measurement current range.
High-performance specifications to meet advanced development
and production needs
1.1 Product Overview and Features
Overview Chapter 1
1.1 Product Overview and Features
The RM3545 is capable of performing high-speed, high-precision measurement of the
winding resistance of components such as motors and transformers, the contact resistance
of relays and switches, the pattern resistance of printed circuit boards, and the DC resistance of fuses, resistors, and materials such as conductive rubber using four-terminal measurement. Since the instrument incorporates a temperature correction function, it is
particularly well suited to the measurement of targets whose resistance values vary with
temperature. It also provides features such as a comparator function, communications,
external control, and a multiplexer*, allowing it to be used in a wide range of applications,
including in development work and on production lines.
* The multiplexer can be used with the RM3545-02.
1
20
LED Comparator Attachment (option)
Streamlines work by eliminating the need to look at the screen.
Graphical LCD
Operation is intuit ive and easy to l earn.
Easy configuration of comparator and panel
load operation
Facilitates smooth se tup changes o n production lines.
Simple basic settings
Range and measurement
speed can be set directly.
Guard terminal
You can reduce the
effects of external
noise by connecting the guard terminal.
Free power supply (100 to 240 V) with
automatic frequency switching
Allows the instrument to be easily moved to
overseas production lines.
Judgment sounds with user-selectable patterns
Keeps you from mistaking audio from a
nearby operator ’s instrument as your own.
Easy-to-use functions in research and development,
on production lines, or in acceptance inspections
Monitor and test functions
Provides robust support for line development by allowing you to check
communications and E XT I/ O on th e
screen.
Example communic ations
monitor screen
Example EXT I/O test
screen
Support for a variety of temperature sensors
You can connect a radiation thermometer with
analog output in addition to the included sensor.
Extensive selection of interfaces
Standard USB, RS-2 32C, EXT I/O , and D/
A output interfaces
(The RM3545-01 also provides a GPIB interface.)
1.1 Product Overview and Features
1.1 Product Overview and Features
• Measure up to 20 locations with 4-terminal measurement or 42 locations with
2-terminal measurement (when using two Z3003 units).
• Multipoint measurement
Allows measurement of network resistors, steering switches, 3-phase motors, etc.
• Total judgments
Outputs total judgment based on measurement results for tested locations.
• Comparator judgments based on measurement results
Allows judgments to be based on comparisons with standard elements for measurement
targets such as thermistors that are susceptible to the effects of temperature.
• External instrument connectivity
Allows multipoint measurement, including for external measuring instruments such as LCR
meters.
Multiplexer support to allow multipoint measurement and total
judgments (RM3545-02)
Z3003 Multiplexer Unit
21
1
22
Display Screen (Monochrome graphical LCD)
Display of measuremen ts and
settings (p. 27)
Viewing Measured
Values and Settings
COMP indicator LEDs
Indicate the judgment result of the measured value (p.98).
Hi Measured value is above upper limit
IN Pass (meets criteria)
Lo Measured value is below lower limit
Viewing Comparator Results
MENU key
Switching of F key pages
F keys
Selection of settings displayed
on the screen
COMP.OUT jack
Connect the L2105 LED Comparator Attachment to
view judgment re sults without needing to refe r to the
instrument display. (p.107)
Connecting the LED Compa rator Att achment
PANEL key
Saving and loading of panels
(p.120)
COMP key
Configuration of comparator
settings (p.98)
AUTO, RANGE key
Range switching (p.49)
SPEED key
Measurement speed switch ing
(p.50)
Cursor keys
Selection of settings and digits
ENTER key
Acceptance of settings and
manual trigger input
ESC key
Cancellation of operation
Settings
Measurement T erminals
Connect measurement leads (p. 36).
• SOURCE A : Current detection terminal
• SOURCE B : Current source terminal
• SENSE A : Voltage detection terminal
• SENSE B : Voltage detection terminal
• GUARD : Guard terminal
Connecting Measurement Leads
STANDBY Key: Initiates or cancels the
standby stat e. (p . 43) .
• Unlit: power off (when no power supplied)
• Red light: Standby State (while power is supplied)
• Green light: power on
Initiating and Canceli ng the Standby St a te
1.2 Names and Functions of Parts
1.2 Names and Functions of Parts
Front Panel
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