RM3543
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
RM3543-01
Instruction Manual
RESISTANCE HiTESTER
Be sure to read this manual before using the instrument.
When using the instrument for the
rst time
Names and Functions of
Measurement
Sept. 2020 Revised edition 4
RM3543A981-04 20-09H
Parts
Preparations
p.15
p.21
Troubleshooting
Maintenance and Service
Error Displays and
Remedies
p.183
p.185
p.5
EN
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Contents
Contents
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
i
Task-Oriented Reference ............................... 1
Measurement Flow......................................... 2
Introduction..................................................... 3
Verifying Package Contents...........................3
Safety Information .......................................... 5
Operating Precautions.................................... 7
Chapter 1 Overview 11
1.1 Product Overview and Features ........11
Block Diagram ..........................................14
1.2 Names and Functions of Parts ........... 15
1.3 Screen Organization ..........................17
Chapter 2 Measurement
Preparations 21
2.1 Connecting the Power Cord............... 22
2.2 Connecting Measurement Cables and
Test Fixtures ...................................... 23
Making Your Own Measurement Cables ..24
2.3 Turning the Power On and Off ...........26
Chapter 3 Measurement
Settings (Basic
Measurements) 27
3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection ................... 27
3.2 Switching 100 m range Measurement
Currents ............................................. 28
3.3 Setting the Measurement Speed .......29
3.4 Setting Measurement Start Conditions
(Trigger Source) .................................30
3.5 Selecting the Measurement Range .... 31
3.6 Zero Adjustment ................................. 32
3.7 Judging Measured Values
(Comparator Function) .......................34
Enabling and Disabling the Comparator
Function ....................................................35
Decide According to Reference Value and
Tolerance (REF% Mode) ..........................35
Decide According to Upper/Lower Thresholds
(ABS Mode) ............................................. 37
3.8 Confirming Faulty Measurements ......38
Chapter 4 Customizing
Measurement
Settings 41
4.1 Making Range-Specific Measurement
Settings ..............................................41
4.2 Setting Pre-Measurement Delay ........42
4.3 Correcting Measured Values
(Scaling Function) ..............................44
4.4 Setting the Measurement Integration
Time Option ........................................46
4.5 Stabilizing Measured Values
(Averaging Function) ..........................48
4.6 Checking for Poor or Improper Contact
(Contact Check Function) ...................49
4.7 Improving Probe Contact
(Contact Improver Function) ...............50
4.8 Detecting Measurement Voltage Faults
(Voltage Level Monitor Function) .......52
4.9 Applying Current Only When Measuring
(Current Mode Setting) .......................53
4.10 Test for Short-Circuited Probe
(Probe Short-Circuit Detection Function)
............................................................54
4.11 Comparing the Measurement Settings of
Two Instruments
(Settings Monitor Function) ................ 56
4.12 Retrying Measurement After a Fault
(Retry Function) ..................................59
4.13 Maintaining Measurement Precision
(Self-Calibration) ................................60
4.14 Compensating for Thermal EMF Offset
(Offset Voltage Compensation - OVC) 61
Chapter 5 System Settings 63
5.1 Disabling and Enabling Key Operations
...........................................................63
Disabling Key Operations
(Key-Lock Function) ................................. 63
RM3543A981-04
ii
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Contents
Re-Enabling Key Operations
(Key-Lock Cancel) ................................... 64
5.2 Setting the Comparator Decision and
Key Beepers .......................................65
Enabling or Disabling the Key Beeper ..... 65
Setting the Comparator Decision (“JUDGE”)
Beeper ..................................................... 66
5.3 Power Line Frequency Manual Setting
...........................................................67
5.4 Setting the Clock ................................68
5.5 Adjusting Screen Contrast ..................69
5.6 Adjusting the Backlight .......................70
5.7 Initializing (Reset) ...............................71
Default Settings ........................................ 72
Chapter 6 Storing and
Exporting Data 73
6.1 Storing Data at Specific Times
(Data Memory Function) .....................74
6.2 Store as soon as Measurement is Stable
(Auto-Memory Function) ....................75
6.3 Performing Statistical Calculations on
Measured Values ...............................78
Using Statistical Calculations ................... 79
Confirming, Printing, and Erasing Calculation
Results ..................................................... 80
6.4 Auto-Exporting Measured Values (at End
of Measurement) (Data Output Function)
............................................................81
Chapter 7 Printing 83
7.1 Connecting the Printer ........................83
Connecting the Printer to the Instrument . 84
7.2 Instrument Settings ............................85
7.3 Printing ...............................................86
Printing Measured Values and Comparator
Decisions ................................................. 86
Printing Statistical Calculation Results ..... 86
Chapter 8 External Control 89
8.1 External Input/Output Connector
and Signals......................................... 89
Connector Type and Signal Pinouts ........ 90
Signal Descriptions .................................. 91
8.2 Timing Chart ...................................... 92
8.3 Internal Circuitry ................................. 94
Electrical Specifications ........................... 95
Connection Examples .............................. 96
8.4 External I/O Settings .......................... 97
Setting End-of-Measurement Signal Output
Signal Setting) ............................... 97
(EOM
Setting the Trigger (TRIG) Signal Logic ... 98
8.5 External Control Q&A ........................ 99
8.6 Supplied Connector Assembly ......... 100
Chapter 9 Communications
(RS-232C/ GP-IB
Interface) 101
9.1 Overview and Features .................... 101
9.2 Specifications ................................... 102
9.3 Connecting ....................................... 103
Using the RS-232C Interface ................. 103
Using the GP-IB Interface
(RM3543-01 only) .................................. 104
9.4 Configuring the Communications
Protocol ............................................ 105
Configuring RS-232C Interface
Communications .................................... 105
Configuring GP-IB Interface Communications
(RM3543-01 only) .................................. 106
Select the Measurement Data Transmission
Format (both RS-232C and GP-IB) ........ 107
9.5 Communication Methods ................. 108
To cancel the Remote state
(enter the local state) ............................. 108
Message Format .................................... 109
Output Queue and Input Buffer .............. 112
Status Byte Register .............................. 113
Event Registers ...................................... 115
Initialization Items ................................... 118
Command Execution Time ..................... 119
Errors During Communications .............. 119
9.6 Message List .................................... 120
Standard Commands ............................. 120
Device-Specific Commands ................... 121
9.7 Message Reference ......................... 126
Message Reference Interpretation ......... 126
Standard Commands ............................. 127
Device-Specific Commands ................... 131
9.8 Data Exporting Methods .................. 152
9.9 Sample Programs ............................ 154
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Using Visual Basic 5.0 or 6.0 ..................154
Creation Procedure (Visual Basic 2005) .164
Sample Programs (Visual Basic 2005) ...166
9.10 Device Compliance Statement......... 168
Chapter 10 Specifications 171
Chapter 11 Maintenance and
Service 183
11.1 Troubleshooting ...............................183
Inspection and Repair .............................183
11.2 Cleaning ........................................... 184
11.3 Error Displays and Remedies .......... 185
11.4 Disposing of the Instrument ............. 187
Removing the Lithium Battery .................187
iii
Contents
Appendix A 1
Appendix 1 Four-Terminal (Voltage-Drop)
Method......................................A 1
Appendix 2 Effect of Thermal emf ...............A 2
Appendix 3 Unstable Measurement Values.A 3
Appendix 4 Effects of Probing .....................A 9
Appendix 5 Rack Mounting........................A 11
Appendix 6 Dimensional Diagram .............A 13
Appendix 7 Calibration...............................A 14
Appendix 8 Adjustment Procedure ............A 16
Appendix 9 Table of Commands Compatible
with the ADEX AX-1152D.......A 17
Appendix 10Zero Adjustment....................A 19
Index Index 1
iv
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Contents
Task-Oriented Reference
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Setting the measurement speed (p. 29)
Setting the averaging function (p. 48)
1
Task-Oriented Reference
To minimize measurement error
To judge measurement results
To correct faulty measurements
Setting the measurement speed integration time option (p. 46)
Correcting measured values (p. 44)
Zero-adjustment (p. 32)
Judge measured values (comparator function) (p. 34)
Compare the measurement settings of two instruments
(Settings Monitor function) (p. 56)
Confirm faulty measurement (p. 38)
Improve probe contact (Contact Improver function) (p. 50)
Test for short-circuited probe (probe short-circuit detection
function) (p. 54)
Compare the measurement settings of two instruments
(Settings Monitor function) (p. 56)
To automatically store measured
values
To print measurement results Printing (p. 83)
To measure by PLC connection
(PLC: Programmable Logic Controller)
To connect to a computer Communications (RS-232C/GP-IB interface) (p. 101)
To automatically send measurement data to a computer
(RS-232C interface only)
To check operation
Store as soon as measurement is stable
(Auto Memory function) (p. 75)
External control (p. 89)
Communications (RS-232C/GP-IB interface) (p. 101)
Export measurement values automatically
(when finished measuring) (p. 81)
Setting Measurement Start Conditions (Trigger Source) (p. 30)
Internal trigger (INT)
Calibration (p. A14)
2
Computer
communications
(p. 101)
Printing (p. 83)
External control
(p. 89)
EXT I/O
RS-232C
GP-IB
Compare the settings of two instruments
(p. 56)
SET MONITOR
Connecting the Power Cord (p. 22)
Turn the power on (p. 26)
Connect (p. 21)
Install (p. 7)
Connect the measurement cables (p. 23)
Set measurement
conditions (as needed)
Confirm the screen configuration
(p. 17)
Confirm the initial setup (p. 72)
• Basic Settings (p. 27)
• Configure settings for your
specific conditions (p. 41)
• System-related settings
(p. 63)
When changing settings
Change basic settings such
as measurement speed
Change to detailed settings
(measurement conditions
and system-related)
Set decision criteria
(p. 34)
Data transmission (p. 81) Printing (p. 83)
Computer communications
(p. 101)
External control (p. 89)
Statistical calculations
(p. 78)
Instrument interface settings must be
configured before printing or using
communications or remote control.
Turn the power off (p. 26)
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Measurement Flow
Measurement Flow
Be sure to read the "Operating Precautions" (p. 7) before use.
Installing, Connecting and Turning On
Settings
Calculation, Printing, Communication, and External Control Settings
When Finished
Introduction
When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it
fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
Confirm that these contents are provided.
Model RM3543 or
RM3543-01 (with GP-IB included) ...............1
Power Cord (2-line + ground)(p. 22)
EXT I/O Male Connector (p. 100)
Instruction Manual (This document)............ 1
Operation Guide.......................................... 1
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI Model RM3543/ RM3543-01 Resistance HiTester.
To obtain maximum performance from the instrument, please read this manual first, and keep
it handy for future reference.
Model RM3543-01 is the same as the RM3543, but with GP-IB included.
Registered trademarks
• Microsoft, Windows and Visual Basic are eitherregistered trademarks or trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation in the UnitedStates and other countries.
• Other products and company names are trade names, registered trademarks, or trademarks of their respective owners.
Verifying Package Contents
3
Introduction
Inspection
Content confirmation
4
Measurement Probes and Fixtures
(connect to measurement jacks)
Model 9140 4-terminal Probe
Model 9500 4-terminal Probe
Model 9262 Test Fixture
Model 9263 SMD Test Fixture
Alligator-clip-type measurement
probes. These general-purpose
dual-electrode clips fit a wide
range of conductor thicknesses.
Rubber-sheathed alligator-cliptype measurement probes. This
design is ideal for 4-terminalpair resistance measurement
applications, for example measuring standard resistors
This fixture is for measuring lead
components. (less than 10 m
residual resistance after zero
adjustment)
This fixture is for measuring chip
components. (less than 10 m
residual resistance after zero
adjustment)
Interface Cables
Model 9637 RS-232C Cable
(9-pin to 9-pin/ crossover cable)
Model 9638 RS-232C Cable
(9-pin to 25-pin/ crossover cable)
Model 9151-02 GP-IB Connector Cable (2m)
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Verifying Package Contents
Options
The following options are available for the instrument. Contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller
when ordering.
The options are subject to change. Visit our website for updated information.
5
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Safety Information
Safety Information
This instrument is designed to comply with IEC 61010 Safety Standards, and has been
thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment. However, mishandling during use
could result in injury or death, as well as damage to the instrument. Using the instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate the provided safety features.
Be certain that you understand the instructions and precautions in the manual before
use. We disclaim any responsibility for accidents or injuries not resulting directly
from instrument defects.
This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe operation of the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating condition. Before using it, be sure to carefully read the following safety precautions.
Safety Symbols
Indicates the need for caution or the presence of danger. For more information about locations where
this symbol appears on instrumen components, see the "Operating Precautions" (p. 7), warning messages listed at the beginning ofoperating instructions.
Indicates AC (Alternating Current).
The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance of cautions and warnings.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant hazard that could result in serious injury or
death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility of injury to the user or damage to the instrument.
Indicates advisory items related to performance or correct operation of the instrument.
Symbols for Various Standards
This symbol indicates that the product conforms to regulations set out by the EC Directive.
WEEE marking:
This symbol indicates that the electrical and electronic appliance is put on the EU market after August
13, 2005, and producers of the Member States are required to display it on the appliance under Article 11.2 of Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE).
6
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Safety Information
Other Symbols
Indicates a prohibited action.
(p. )
*
[ ]
SET
(Bold characters)
Unless otherwise specified, “Windows” represents Windows 95, 98, Me, Widows NT4.0, Windows 2000,
Windows XP, or Windows Vista.
Click: Press and quickly release the left button of the mouse.
Double click: Quickly click the left button of the mouse twice.
Indicates the location of reference information.
Indicates that descriptive information is provided below.
Square brackets indicate instrument display labels (such as setting item names).
Bold characters within the text indicate operating key labels.
Accuracy
We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg. (reading) and dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings.
f.s. (maximum display value)
The maximum displayable value. This is usually the name of the currently selected range.
rdg. (reading or displayed value)
The value currently being measured and indicated on the measuring instrument.
dgt. (resolution)
The smallest displayable unit on a digital measuring instrument, i.e., the input value that causes the
digital display to show a “1” as the least-significant digit.
Operating Precautions
The instrument can be used with the stand (p. 16).
It can also be rack-mounted. (p. A11).
50 mm or more
10 mm or more
Rear
50 mm or more
Unplugging the power cord
kills power to the instrument.
Be sure to provide enough
unobstructed space to unplug
the power cord immediately
in an emergency.
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benefits of the various
functions.
Preliminary Checks
• Before using the instrument for the first time, verify that it operates normally to ensure that
no damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you find any damage, contact your
dealer or Hioki representative.
• Before using the instrument make sure that the insulation on the power cord is undamaged
and that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Using the instrument in such conditions could cause an electric shock, so contact your dealer or Hioki representative for
repair.
• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the measurement cables is
undamaged and that no bare metal is improperly exposed. If there is any damage, measured values may be unstable and measurement errors may occur.
7
Operating Precautions
Instrument Installation
Storage temperature and humidity : -10°C to 50°C at 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
Operating temperature and humidity : 0 to 40
Avoid the following locations that could cause an accident or damage to the instrument.
Installation Precautions
°C at 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
Exposed to direct sunlight
Exposed to high temperature
Exposed to water, oil, other
chemicals, or solvents
Exposed to high humidity
or condensation
Exposed to high levels of
particulate dust
Subject to vibration
In the presence of corrosive or explosive gases
Exposed to strong electromagnetic fields
Near electromagnetic radiators
Near induction heating systems
(e.g., high-frequency induction
heating systems and IH cooking
utensils)
• The instrument should be operated only with the bottom downwards.
• Do not place the instrument on an unstable or slanted surface.
• Vents must not be obstructed.
8
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Operating Precautions
Handling the Instrument
• Do not allow the instrument to get wet, and do not take measurements with wet
hands. This may cause an electric shock.
• Do not attempt to modify, disassemble or repair the instrument; as fire, electric
shock and injury could result.
To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from physical shock when transporting and
handling. Be especially careful to avoid physical shock from dropping.
This instrument may cause interference if used in residential areas. Such use must be
avoided unless the user takes special measures to reduce electromagnetic emissions to prevent interference to the reception of radio and television broadcasts.
Handling the Cords and Probes
• Avoid stepping on or pinching cables, which could damage the cable insulation.
• To avoid breaking the cables, do not bend or pull them.
• To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when unplugging it from
the power outlet.
• When disconnecting the BNC connector, be sure to release the lock before pulling off the
connector. Forcibly pulling the connector without releasing the lock, or pulling on the cable,
can damage the connector (p. 23).
• Use only the specified connection cables. Using a non-specified cable may result in incorrect measurements due to poor connection or other reasons.
• Before using a test fixture, read the instructions provided with it.
Before Turning Power On
Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage matches that indicated on its power connector. Connection to an improper supply voltage may damage
the instrument and present an electrical hazard.
Before Connecting EXT I/O
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
To avoid electric shock or damage to the equipment, always observe the following
precautions when connecting to the EXT I/O connector.
• Always turn off the power to the instrument and to any devices to be connected
before making connections.
• Be careful to avoid exceeding the ratings of external terminals (p. 95).
• During operation, a wire becoming dislocated and contacting another conductive
object can be serious hazard. Use screws to secure the external connectors.
• Ensure that devices and systems to be connected to the EXT I/O terminals are prop-
erly isolated.
• The ISO_5V pin of the EXT I/O connector is a 5 V power output, and the ISO_12V pin
is a 12 V power output. Do not apply external power to this pin.
To avoid damage to the instrument, observe the following cautions:
• Do not apply voltage or current to the EXT I/O terminals that exceeds their ratings.
• When driving relays, be sure to install diodes to absorb counter-electromotive force.
• Be careful not to short-circuit ISO_5V to ISO_COM.
• Be careful not to short-circuit ISO_12V to ISO_COM.
• Do not draw loads from ISO_5V and ISO_12V at the same time.
See: "Connector Type and Signal Pinouts" (p. 90)
9
Operating Precautions
Before Measuring
• Do not apply any voltage to the measurement jacks. Doing so could damage the instrument.
• Never attempt to measure at a point where voltage is present. In particular, do not measure
a transformer or motor immediately after a temperature increase test or withstand-voltage
test, as the instrument could be damaged by induced voltage or residual charge.
• Battery internal resistance cannot be measured with this instrument. It will sustain damage.
To measure battery internal resistance, we recommend the HIOKI 3554, 3555, BT3562,
BT3563, and 3561 Battery HiTesters.
• To obtain the guaranteed measurement accuracy, allow at least 30 minutes warm-up.
• The instrument internally retains all settings (but not measured values), such as measurement range and comparator settings. However, measurement settings made through the
RS-232C or GP-IB interface are not memorized.
• The DC resistance of a power transformer cannot be measured. Do not measure objects
with a large L (100 H or higher in the 10 m to 100 range, or 10 H or higher in the
1,000 range), such as choke coils and other inductors. In such cases, contact your
dealer or Hioki representative.
• You may be unable to obtain accurate measured values when there is a capacitance component in parallel with the measurement target. For this instrument, any parallel capacitance component should be limited to a maximum of 1,000 pF.
• Carefully insulate all H
cannot be performed and an error will occur if core and shield wires touch.
• During measurement, a transient current equal to about 1.5 times the steady-state current
will flow for several microseconds (or about 10 mApk in the 1 k range). Exercise special
care when measuring targets whose characteristics are prone to vary.
CUR
, H
POT
, L
POT
, and L
wiring. Proper 4-terminal measurements
CUR
10
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Operating Precautions
1.1 Product Overview and Features
The Hioki RM3543 Resistance HiTester employs the 4-terminal method to quickly and accurately measure
the DC resistance of components such as resistors and current sensing resistors. It includes advanced contact-check, comparator, and data output functions. The intuitive user interface and high noise immunity are
ideal for use with taping machines and separators.
Resistance Measurement
The factory defaults (initial settings)
are optimized for current sensing resistors measurements.
Interface
Communications
Connect the instrument to a
controller via the RS-232C
or GP-IB interface to control
measurement data acquisition (p. 101).
Send Measurement Data and
Calculation Results to a
Printer
Use a commercially available printer with a serial interface to print
measured values and calculation
results (p. 83).
Save and Output Measured
Values
Measured values can be stored in
internal memory (p. 73)
Statistical calculations can be performed on the stored data, which
can be transferred to a computer in
batch form (however, stored data
cannot be confirmed internally).
Judge Measured Values
Measured values are compared
with a pre-specified reference value
or thresholds, and the result is output externally and indicated by the
COMP indicators (comparator function, p. 34).
Connect a PLC or
I/O Board
To control from a PLC, connect to the EXT I/O connector. In addition to comparator
results, various measurement
anomaly signals can be output (p. 89).
Upper limit
Lower limit
Compare Two Instrument’s
Setting Conditions
When measuring with two interconnected instruments, settings
are compared, and an alarm is
output and measurement is inhibited if the settings differ (Settings
Monitor function, p. 56).
Optional Hioki probes and fixtures
are available to connect to the measurement jacks (BNC jacks, p. 4).
Alternatively,
commercially
available cables
such as 1.5D-2V
coax can be used
(p. 24).
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Overview Chapter 1
1.1 Product Overview and Features
11
1
12
Ultra Fast and Accurate Measurements
Increase Productivity
The RM3543 is ideally suited for use in testing current
sensing resistors, where there has been remarkable
progress in lowering resistance values.
Measurement from which the effects of thermal EMF
are consistently eliminated (by the OVC function)
yields a resolution of 0.01
in the 10 m range.
Since measurement results are obtained by means of
a PASS/FAIL judgment process with a resolution of
0.001%, the instrument can test resistors of 1 m and
less at a high rate of speed. Thanks to proprietary ultra-fast, high-stability circuit technology, the RM3543
completes the sequence of contact improvement,
measurement and contact check, and judgment output in just 1.6 ms.
Specially designed for current sensing resistors
Thanks to its scaling function, the RM3543 can compensate for the difference between resistance values
obtained at the time of mounting on the board and
during testing. By using the averaging function during
super-low-resistance measurement with a small detection voltage, it is possible to achieve even higher
levels of accuracy.
Multiple Interfaces
EXT I/O is isolated from the measurement and control
circuits to provide noise immunity (p. 89).
All data can be acquired in real time using the built-in
38.4-kbps high-speed RS-232C interface. Connect
the commercially available printer with a serial interface to print measured values and statistical calculation results (p. 83).
The GP-IB interface is available for Model RM3543-01
(specified when ordering, p. 101).
Clearly Visible Display and Intuitive Operation
High-contrast LCD provides clear visibility, helping
avoid setting mistakes. The optimum range is selected
automatically when comparator thresholds are entered.
Auto Memory Function Convenient for Sampling Tests (p. 75)
The auto memory function is convenient for sampling
tests after screen-printing. Measured values are automatically acquired as soon as they stabilize, and statistical calculations proceed until the specified quantity is
obtained, upon which an alert notification (alarm) occurs. Selecting [PRINT] (screen display) prints measured values and statistical calculation results (p. 86).
Fixtures for Component Measurements (p. 4)
The BNC-type measurement jacks exhibit good noise
immunity. Ready availability and easy assembly ensure smooth system setup. Various test fixtures are
available for Hioki LCR HiTesters.
Features
High-Speed Data Output and Ample Memory
The Data Output function transfers measured data at
5 ms/sample, even via RS-232C. Up to 30,000 measurements can be stored, and all data can be exported
at the end of measuring each reel. This function is ideal for system setup, debugging and process management.
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
1.1 Product Overview and Features
Reliable Contact Checking (p. 49)
Contact checking (that was previously performed before and after measuring) is now performed during measurement, so probe bounce and contact resistance
fluctuations can be detected. Contact checking time can
be shortened, improving tact times.
Features
Measurement Circuit Strongly Immune to
Contact Resistance Fluctuations
The effects of contact resistance fluctuations are reduced even when scattering occurs near the end of
probe life. Such effects are minimized by the fast response of the measurement circuit.
Contact Improver Function (p. 50)
The Contact Improver function improves bad contacts
between probes and test samples. Contacts errors are
reduced by penetrating oxidation and impurities between probes and samples. Reducing contact errors
can increase productivity and quality. The intensity of
the contact improver function can be adjusted according to probe type.
Reject Faulty Data –
Voltage Level Monitor Function (p. 52)
When the contact resistance of the H
CUR
and L
CUR
leads fluctuates, the measurement current changes
momentarily. Such momentary changes are not detectable by typical contact checking. The Voltage Level
Monitor function detects a contact error if the detection
voltage changes significantly, which can increase the
reliability of measured values.
Minimize Human Error and Risk –
the Settings Monitor Function (p. 56)
If the settings of two instruments are different, triggering is inhibited and an alarm notification is generated
to avoid setting mistakes due to human error.
Reliable Four-Terminal Measurement –
Probe Short-Circuit Detection Function
(p. 54)
Four-terminal measurements are inhibited when a
conductive foreign object is present between the
POT and CUR probe tips. Short-circuit probe anomalies are detected by checking the resistance between
these tips when not measuring.
Strong Electrical Noise Immunity
The specified measurement accuracy is achieved
even with ±1.5 kV mixed pulse noise. The floating
measurement section design is highly impervious to
electrical noise, minimizing the effect on measured
values even when turning large-induction motors on
and off. The free-range power supply input (90 to 264
V) is practically unaffected by voltage fluctuations, so
stable measurements are possible even in under
poor power conditions.
Previously
Model
RM3543
Contact Condition
Contact Check
Measuring
Probe Bounce
Contact
Condition
Detection
Voltage
Error
Good Contact
Poor Contact
Excessive detection
voltage fluctuation error
Good Contact
ERROR
Measurement
Status
Contact Check
Contact Condition
Contact Improver
Function
Contact Improvement
Measuring
Checking
ONON
DUT
Foreign object
POT
CUR
DUT electrode
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
13
1.1 Product Overview and Features
1
14
AB
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
E
D
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
1.1 Product Overview and Features
Block Diagram
• Constant current (determined by the measurement range) is applied between the H
age is measured between the H
voltage (B) by the constant current flow (A).
POT
and L
terminals. The resistance value is obtained by dividing the measured
POT
CUR
and L
terminals while volt-
CUR
• The effects of large offset voltage such as from thermal emf are reduced by current flowing in the positive and negative
directions (A).
• The constant current source (A) and voltmeter (B) circuit designs are largely unaffected by contact resistance.
• Faulty measurement values caused by unstable or chattering contact conditions can be eliminated by monitoring (C)
the detection voltage (B) waveform (Voltage Level Monitor function).
• Before measuring, the Contact Improver circuit (D) optimizes contact when the probes touch the DUT.
• By also performing contact checking (E), short circuits between CUR and POT terminals caused by a clogged probe tip
can be detected (probe short-circuit detection function).
• When measurement starts, the contact check circuit (E) and constant current monitor (F) are activated to monitor for
fault conditions while measuring. The dual-CPU (C and G) design provides ultra-high-speed measurements and fast
system response.
• Immunity from electrical noise is provided by isolation between the Measurement and Control blocks (H).
• The auto-ranging 100-to-240 V switching power supply (I) can provide stable measurements even in poor power quality
environments.
15
Display Screen
Monochrome graphical LCD
There are three general screen
types: Measurement, Basic Settings and Detailed Settings.
Screen Configurations (p. 17)
Judging measured values (p. 34)
(Comparator function)
Set a reference value and range for judging
measurements, which can be confirmed by
the COMP indicators.
Select this to judge measured values relative to a reference value
and tolerance (%). The REF% setting display appears.
Press to judge measured values
relative to upper/lower thresholds.
The ABS setting display appears.
Setting
POWER Button
Turns the instrument on and
off (p. 26).
• Unlit: power off
(when no power supplied)
• Red light: power off
(while power is supplied)
• Green light: power on
Power On/Off
Entering numerical values
Enter a numerical value.
(we call these the “tenkeys”)
Switches the sign of a numerical value.
Selects the unit of measure.
Sets the tolerance values.
Deletes the value in the selected field.
Accepts the displayed comparator threshold values.
Aborts comparator setting
and returns to the previous
display.
Measurement Terminals
Connect measurement cables or a fixture (p. 23).
• H
CUR
jack: Current source terminal
• H
POT
jack: Detected voltage high
terminal
• L
POT
jack: Detected voltage low ter-
minal
• L
CUR
jack: Measurement current
detected terminal
• GUARD jack: Shield (measurement
ground) terminal
Connecting Probes
COMP indicator
LEDs
Indicate the decision result of the measured
value (p. 34).
Hi Measured value is
above upper limit
IN Pass (meets crite-
ria)
Lo Measured value is
below lower limit
Viewing
Comparator
Results
Viewing Measured
Values and Settings
Audible Alarm
(beeper)
Selecting the setting contents
(“the F keys”) F1 to F4 keys
Selects the corresponding
item on the right side of the
display.
Cursor keys
Move among the displayed
setting items.
The cursor location is indicated by reverse characters.
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
1.2 Names and Functions of Parts
1.2 Names and Functions of Parts
Front Panel
1
16
Manufacturer's Serial Number
Shows the serial number. The 9-digit serial number indicates
the year (first two digits) and themonth of manufacture (next
two digits).
Do not remove this label, as it is required for product support.
Connect the supplied power cord (p. 22).
Connecting the Power Cord
RS-232C Connector
The RS-232C interface can be used to connect to
a PLC or computer (p. 101).
It is also used by the commercially available printer
with a serial interface (p. 83).
RS-232C Communications
Printer Output
GP-IB Connector (RM3543-01 only)
The GP-IB interface can be used to connect to a computer
(p. 101).
GP-IB Communications
SET MONITOR Connector
Connect another RM3543 here to compare instrument settings (p. 56).
Compare Two Instruments’
Settings
EXT I/O Connector
Connect to a PLC or I/O board to control
measurement start, and to acquire comparator results (p. 89).
External Control
Bottom Panel
Stand
When using the stand
Extend the stand until it clicks into place.
Make sure to extend both legs of the stand.
Collapsing the stand
Fold in the stand until it clicks into place.
This instrument can be rack mounted.
See: "Appendix 5 Rack Mounting" (p. A11)
Parts removed from this instrument should be stored in
a safe place to enable future reuse.
Do not apply heavy downward pressure with the
stand extended. The stand could be damaged.
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
1.2 Names and Functions of Parts
Rear Panel
17
Detailed Settings Screens (p. 19)
Measurement Settings Screens
[MEAS SETTINGS]
Data Settings Screens
[DATA SETTINGS]
System Screens
[SYSTEM]
Measurement Screen (p. 18)
Basic Settings Screen (p. 18)
Return to Previous Screen
Indicates a Continued Screen
Return to Previous Screen
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
1.3 Screen Organization
1.3 Screen Organization
The instrument has three general display screen types: Measurement, Basic Settings and Detailed
Settings.
Refer to "11.3 Error Displays and Remedies" (p. 185) for error displays.
The screen examples in this guide appear reversed (black on white) for best visibility on the printed page.
However, the instrument screens can actually be displayed only as white characters on black background.
1
18
Measurement Screen
This screen normally appears while measuring. View currently measured values and measurement conditions.
Some parts of the display depend on the comparator
mode and other settings.
Measured Value
Settings Menu (corresponding to F keys)
Displayed contents depend on the current function settings.
Parentheses ( ) indicate the corresponding F-key
MENU (F1) Displays the Basic Settings screen
PRINT (F2) Print (p. 85)
Appears only when the interface is
set for the printer
STAT (F3) Statistical calculation results (p. 78)
Appears only when statistical calculation is enabled
NUMBER (F4) Set Auto-Memory number (quantity)
(p. 75)
Displays the number of stored data
items and the number of passed and
failed products at the lower left.
UNDO (F3) Deletes the previously stored mea-
surement and calculation result (only
one can be deleted) (p. 80)
Appears only when calculation results are displayed
ALLCLR (F4) Clears all memory and calculation
(p. 80)
Appears only when calculation re-
sults are displayed
LOCAL (F1) Enables local control (p. 108)
UNLOCK (F1) Cancels the key-lock state (hold 1s)
(p. 64)
Criteria Setting Values (p. 34)
Displayed contents depend on the
selected comparator mode.
(Ex.: REF% mode)
To display the Basic Settings screen
Measurement Conditions
Shows current setting contents. Displayed contents depend on the current settings.
INT/ EXT Trigger source type (p. 30)
Measurement range (p. 31)
FAST/ MED/ SLOW Measurement speed (p. 29)
0ADJ/
OFF (not shown)
Appears only when zero-adjust is
enabled (p. 32)
OVC/
OFF (not shown)
(OVC: Offset Voltage Compensation)
Appears only when OVC is enabled (p. 61)
SC/
OFF (not shown)
Appears only when the scaling
function is enabled (p. 44)
NUM Appears only when tenkey input is
enabled
RMT Remote control (p. 108)
M.LOCK Disables all operations except
comparator settings (p. 63)
F. LO CK Disables all operations including
comparator settings (p. 63)
Basic Settings Screen
Make basic measurement condition settings on this
screen. Measurement speed and range can be changed
while viewing measured values. (Trigger source: INT)
TRG
Change trigger source (measurement start
control method) (p. 30)
When EXT triggering is enabled, [MANU] ap-
pears beside the F4 key (press to trigger
measurement manually).
RANGE Change range (p. 31)
SPEED Change measurement speed (p. 29)
0ADJ Turn zero-adjust on/off (p. 32)
COMP Turn comparator on/off (p. 34)
LOCK Enable/disable key lock (p. 63)
Select measurement
condition settings
Move with cursor keys.
Measurement condition
setting selections
Return to previous screen
To display the [MEAS SETTINGS] screen
To display the [DATA SETTINGS] screen
To display the [SYSTEM] screen
MISC To display the Detailed Settings screen
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
1.3 Screen Organization
19
Measurement Settings Screen
[MEAS SETTINGS]
Shows detailed settings for measurements.
Adjust the measurement speed, stability and measurement fault
detection functions.
DELAY1 Adjust the delay from probing to trigger
input (p. 42)
DELAY2 Adjust measurement object electrical re-
sponse (p. 42)
SCALING(A*R+B) Correct measured values with the scal-
ing function (p. 44)
INT (FAST/ MED/
SLOW)
Make fine adjustment to integration time
(p. 46)
AVERAGE Stabilize measured values with the aver-
aging function (p. 48)
CONT CHECK Contact check threshold setting (p. 49)
CONT IMP Contact Improver function setting (p. 50)
VOLT MONITOR Voltage level monitor function setting
(p. 52)
CURRENT MODE Current mode setting (p. 53)
Data Settings Screen
(Save, Analysis, and Output)
[DATA SETTINGS]
These are settings for memory and statistical calculation functions.
AUTO MEMORY Turn Auto-Memory on/off (p. 75)
STATISTICS Statistical calculation on/off (p. 78)
DATA OUT Automatically output measured values
(communications) (p. 81)
Detailed Settings Screens
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
1.3 Screen Organization
1
20
Set instrument system-related settings on this screen.
SET MONITOR Turn two-instrument setting comparison
on/off (p. 56)
PROBE CHECK Turn probe short-circuit detection on/off
(p. 54)
RETRY Retry function setting (p. 59)
TRIG EDGE (External I/O) Set trigger rising/falling
edge (p. 98)
EOM (External I/O) Set EOM
(end-of-mea-
surement) signal (p. 97)
INTERFACE Communications interface settings
(p. 105)
100m CURR 100 m range measurement current set-
tings
100 mA/1 A (p. 28)
CALIBRATION Self-calibration operation settings (p. 60)
JUDGE BEEP Comparator beeper settings (p. 66)
KEY BEEP Key beeper on/off (p. 65)
CLOCK (Y-M-D) Set internal clock (p. 68)
LINE FREQ Set power source frequency (p. 67)
CONTRAST Adjust screen contrast (p. 69)
BACKLIGHT Adjust screen backlight (p. 70)
RESET Initialize (p. 71)
ADJUST Instrument Adjustment (p. A16)
System Screen
[SYSTEM]
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
1.3 Screen Organization
21
Install this instrument (p. 7)
1
Rear PaneFront Panel
Connect measurement cables
(p. 23)
Turn the power on (p. 26)
5
Connect to the test sample
When finished measuring, turn the
power off (p. 26).
Connect the external interface
(as needed)
4
• Using the printer (p. 83)
• Using the RS-232C or GP-IB interface
(p. 101)
• Connecting to a PLC or I/O board
(p. 89)
• Automatically comparing the settings
of two instruments (Settings Monitor
function) (p. 56)
Connect the power cord (p. 22)
2
3
2
3
4
5
Make instrument settings (p. 27)
6
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
Measurement Preparations Chapter 2
Be sure to read the "Operating Precautions" (p.7) before installing and connecting this instrument.
Refer to "Appendix 5 Rack Mounting" (p. A11) for rack mounting.
2
22
Rear Panel
1 Confirm that the mains supply voltage matches the
instrument, and connect the power cord to the power
inlet on the instrument.
2 Plug the power cord into the mains outlet.
The POWER button on the front panel lights red.
In event of a power outage, operation resumes with the same
settings when power is restored (breaker reset, etc.).
Power inlet
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
2.1 Connecting the Power Cord
2.1 Connecting the Power Cord
• Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage matches that indi-
cated on its power connector. Connection to an improper supply voltage may damage the instrument and present an electrical hazard.
• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifications of this instru-
ment, connect the power cord only to a 3-contact (two-conductor + ground) outlet.
• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the power cord is
undamaged and that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Any damage
could cause electric shock, so contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when unplugging it from the
power outlet.
2.2 Connecting Measurement Cables and Test Fixtures
Example of defeated guard measurement
Connecting measurement cables
Connecting a fixture
Connect directly to the measurement
jacks with the label side up, and affix
with the levers on the left and right.
Connect the red plugs to the
H
CUR
and H
POT
jacks, and the
black plugs to the L
CUR
and
L
POT
jacks.
Black plugs
Red plugs
BNC Jack Guide Pins
(on the instrument)
Lock
BNC plug slots
2
1
Align the slots in the BNC plug with the
guide pins on the jack on the instrument,
then push and twist the plug clockwise
until it locks.
Disconnecting BNC connectors
Push the BNC plug, twist it counterclockwise, and pull it out.
Making your own probes and extenders (p. 24)
Connection Methods
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
2.2 Connecting Measurement Cables and
Test Fixtures
23
Connect your measurement cables, optional Hioki probes or test fixture to the measurement jacks.
Refer to "Options" (p.4) for details. See the instructions provided with the fixture for operating
details.
• Do not apply a voltage to the measurement terminals. Doing so may damage the unit.
• When disconnecting the BNC connector, be sure to release the lock before pulling off the
connector. Forcibly pulling the connector without releasing the lock, or pulling on the cable,
can damage the connector.
• We recommend using optional Hioki fixtures.
• Use the GUARD jack only for Faraday
shield, and avoid more than 10 mA current flow. This jack is not for guarding
network resistance measurements.
2
24
Wiring Diagram
Before Wiring
See: "Appendix 3 Unstable Measurement Values" (p. A3)
• Twist together the H
POT
and L
POT
wires, and the H
CUR
and L
CUR
wires. If not twisted together, measured
values may be unstable, and errors may occur, when measuring with low resistance values.
• The phenomenon of induction becomes pronounced in the 10 m and 100 m ranges (when the mea-
surement current is set to 1 A). Changes in the cable position and configuration may cause measured values to vary. Exercise particular care so that the cable position and configuration do not change.
Additionally, measurement cables and measurement targets should be kept as far as possible from metallic objects.
• When using two or more RM3543 units, do not group the wires from multiple instruments together. The
"C.E. Volt" error display may be triggered by the phenomenon of induction.
• Refer to the block diagram (p. 14) for internal circuit details.
• Probes and measurement objects should be shielded at BNC or GUARD jack potential.
• Wiring resistance in excess of the following values may cause a current monitor error, making measurement impossible. When using measurement current 1 A ranges, keep the wiring resistance as well as the
contact resistance between the DUT and probe low.
Range
10m 100m 100m 1000m 10 100 1000
Measurement Current
1 A 1 A 100 mA 100 mA 10 mA 10 mA 1 mA
Between H
CUR
and DUT
1 1 18 18 180 180 1.8 k
Between L
CUR
and DUT
1 1 8 8 80 80 800
HIOKI RM3543A981-04
2.2 Connecting Measurement Cables and Test Fixtures
Making Your Own Measurement Cables
Recommended Measurement Cable Specifications
Conductor resistance
Capacitance 150 pF/m or less
Cable dielectric material
Connector insulating material
Length 2 m or less
Example: JIS standard 3C-2V, 1.5D-2V MIL standard RG-58A/U
* Teflon is a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
500 m/m or less
Polyethylene (PE), Teflon* (TFE), polyethylene foam (PEF)
Insulation resistance at least 10 G
Teflon* (TFE), polybutylene terephtalate (PBT)
Insulation resistance at least 10 G
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