PQ3198
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Instruction Manual
POWER QUALITY ANALYZER
Be sure to read this manual before using the instrument.
When using the instrument for the
rst time
Names and Functions of Parts
Basic Operations
Measurement Preparations
July 2021 Revised edition 3
PQ3198A961-03 21-07H
p.23
p.27
p.39
Troubleshooting
Maintenance and Service
Error Indication
p.6
p.249
p.253
EN
*600536883*
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Contents
Contents
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
i
Introduction ..................................................1
Confirming Package Contents....................4
Safety Notes..................................................6
Usage Notes..................................................7
Chapter 1 Overview 15
1.1 Procedure for Investigating
Power Supply Quality ...................... 15
1.2 Product Overview ............................19
1.3 Features ............................................20
1.4 Measurement Flowchart ..................21
Start and Stop Recording ....................22
Chapter 2 Names and Func-
tions of Parts
Basic Operations
& Screens 23
2.1 Names and Functions of Parts ....... 23
2.2 Basic Operations .............................27
2.3 Display Items and Screen Types .... 29
Common Display Items ........................29
Warning Indicators ...............................31
Screen Types .......................................32
Chapter 3 Measurement Prepa-
rations 39
3.3 Pre-Operation Inspection ................44
3.4 Connecting the AC Adapter ............45
3.5 Inserting (Removing) an SD
Memory Card ....................................45
3.6 Connecting the Voltage Cords ........47
3.7 Connecting the Current Sensors ....48
3.8 Turning the Power On and Off
(Setting the Default Language) .......50
Chapter 4 Configuring the In-
strument before
Measurement
(SYSTEM - SYSTEM
screen) and Wiring
53
4.1 Warm-up and Zero-adjust Operation
............................................................53
4.2 Setting the Clock ..............................54
4.3 Configuring the Connection Mode
and Current Sensors ........................55
Connection diagram ............................ 57
4.4 Setting the Vector Area
(Tolerance Level) ..............................61
4.5 Connecting to the Lines to be
Measured (Preparing for Current
Measurement) ...................................62
4.6 Verifying Correct Wiring
(Connection Check) .........................66
3.1 Preparation Flowchart ..................... 39
3.2 Initial Instrument Preparations ....... 40
PQ3198A961-03
Affix color clips to the current sensors 40
Bundle the voltage cord leads with the
spiral tubes ..........................................41
Attaching the strap ...............................42
Attaching the Z5020 Magnetic Strap ...42
Installing the battery pack .................... 43
4.7 Quick setup .......................................68
4.8 Verifying Settings and Starting
Recording ..........................................71
4.9 Using the Instrument during a
Power Outage ...................................72
ii
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Contents
Chapter 5 Changing Settings
(as necessary) 73
5.1 Changing Measurement Conditions 73
5.2 Changing the Recording Settings ..77
5.3 Changing the Measurement Period 80
5.4 Changing Hardware Settings ..........83
5.5 Changing LAN Settings ...................86
5.6 Changing Event Settings .................87
5.7 Initializing the Instrument
(System Reset) .................................94
7.5 Displaying Flicker Values in Graph
and List Form ................................. 133
IEC flicker meters and DV10 flicker
meters 1 ............................................... 33
Displaying an IEC flicker fluctuation
graph ................................................. 133
Displaying an IEC flicker list .............. 136
Displaying a DV10 flicker fluctuation
graph ................................................. 137
Displaying a DV10 flicker list ............. 140
Chapter 8 Checking Events
(EVENT screen) 141
5.8 Factory Settings ...............................95
Chapter 6 Monitoring Instanta-
neous Values
(VIEW Screen) 97
6.1 Using the VIEW screen ....................97
6.2 Displaying Instantaneous Waveforms
............................................................98
6.3 Displaying Phase Relationships
([VECTOR] Screen) ........................102
6.4 Displaying Harmonics ....................105
Displaying harmonics as a bar graph 105
Displaying harmonics as a list ........... 108
6.5 Displaying Measured Values
Numerically (DMM Screen) ............111
8.1 Using the EVENT screen ............... 142
8.2 Displaying the Event List .............. 143
8.3 Analyzing the Measurement Line
Status When Events Occur ........... 147
8.4 Analyzing Transient Waveforms .. 149
8.5 Viewing High-order Harmonic
Waveforms ..................................... 152
8.6 Checking Fluctuation Data ........... 155
Chapter 9 Data Saving and File
Operations
(SYSTEM-MEMORY
screen) 159
9.1 [MEMORY] Screen ......................... 159
9.2 Formatting SD Memory Cards ...... 162
Chapter 7 Monitoring Fluctua-
7.1 Using the [TIME PLOT] Screen .....115
7.2 Displaying Trends ..........................116
7.3 Displaying detailed trends .............123
Displaying a detailed trend graph for
each TIME PLOT interval .................. 123
7.4 Displaying Harmonic Trends .........129
tions in Measured
Values (TIME PLOT
Screen) 113
9.3 Save Operation and File Structure 163
9.4 Saving, Display and Deleting
Measurement Data ......................... 165
9.5 Saving, Displaying, and
Deleting Screen Copies ................. 168
9.6 Saving and Deleting Settings
Files (Settings Data) ...................... 169
9.7 Loading Settings Files
(Settings Data) ............................... 170
9.8 File and Folder Names .................. 170
Changing file and folder names ........ 170
iii
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Contents
13.3 Screen Specifications ....................216
Chapter 10 Analyzing Data
Using the Application (PQ ONE ) 171
10.1 Application functionality for PQ ONE
..........................................................171
10.2 Installation ...................................... 172
Installation procedure ........................173
Chapter 11 Connecting External
Devices 175
11.1 Using the External Control Terminal
.........................................................175
Connecting to the External Control
Terminal .............................................176
Using the event input terminal
(EVENT IN)........................................ 177
Using the event input terminal
(EVENT OUT) ....................................178
13.4 Event Specifications ......................227
13.5 GPS Time Synchronization Function
..........................................................228
13.6 Interface Specification ...................229
13.7 Other Functions ..............................231
13.8 Calculation Formula .......................232
13.9 Range Breakdown and Combination
Accuracy .........................................245
Chapter 14 Maintenance
and Service 249
14.1 Cleaning ..........................................249
14.2 Trouble Shooting ............................250
14.3 Error Indication ...............................253
14.4 Disposing of the Instrument ..........256
Chapter 12 Operation with a
Computer 179
12.1 Downloading Measurement Data
Using the USB Interface ................ 180
12.2 Control and Measurement via
Ethernet ("LAN") Interface ............ 181
LAN Settings and Network Environment
Configuration ....................................182
Instrument Connection .......................184
12.3 Remote Control of the Instrument by
Internet Browser ............................186
Connecting to the Instrument .............186
Operating Procedure .........................187
12.4 Downloading Recorded Data to
Computer ........................................189
Chapter 13 Specifications 193
Appendix A1
Appendix 1 Fundamental Measurement
Items ...................................... A1
Appendix 2 Explanation of Power Supply
Quality Parameters and
Events....................................A2
Appendix 3 Event Detection Methods ....A5
Appendix 4 Recording TIME PLOT Data
and Event Waveforms........ A12
Appendix 5 Detailed Explanation of IEC
Flicker and DV10 Flicker.... A16
Appendix 6 Making Effective Use of
Channel 4 ............................ A19
Appendix 7 3-phase 3-wire Measurement
.............................................A22
Appendix 8 Method for Calculating Active
Power Accuracy ................. A24
Appendix 9 Terminology........................ A25
13.1 General Specifications .................. 193
13.2 Input Specifications/
Index Index1
Output Specifications/
Measurement Specifications ........194
iv
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Contents
Introduction
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the Hioki PQ3198 Power Quality Analyzer. To obtain maximum performance from the instrument over the long term, be sure to read this manual carefully and keep it
handy
Be sure to also read the separate document “Operating Precautions” before use.
AC current sensors (optional; see p.5) are required in order to input current to the instrument.
(AC current sensors are called "current sensors" throughout this manual.) For more information,
s
Following manuals are provided along with these models. Refer to the relevant manual based on the
us
for future reference.
ee the instruction manual for the current sensors being used.
age.
1
Typ e Contents Print
Operating Precautions
Instruction Manual
(This document)
Measurement Guide
Application software PQ ONE
Instruction Manual
Information on the instrument for safe
ope
rations
Information about instrument
nctionality, detailed measurement
fu
methods, specifications, etc.
This instrument's basic measurement
me
thods
How to use the PQ ONE application ―
―
―
―
PQONE_Manual_Eng.pdf
(English instruction manual)
PQONE_Manual_Jpn.pdf
(Japanese Instruction Manual)
CD
File name
Target audience
This manual has been written for use by individuals wh
to do so. It is assumed that the reader possesses basic electrical knowledge (equivalent to that of someone who graduated from the electrical p
rogram at a technical high school).
o use the product in question or who teach others
Trademarks
• Microsoft, Windows, and Internet Explorer are either
Corporation in the United States and other countries.
• Safari is trademark of Apple Inc.
• Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, and any logos containing Sun or Java are trademarks or registered
ademarks of Oracle Corporation in the United States and other countries.
tr
• SD, SDHC Logos are trademarks of SD-3C LLC.
• Adobe and Adobe Reader are either trademarks or re
rated in the United States and other countries.
registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft
gistered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorpo-
2
Ni-MH
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Introduction
Notation
Safety notations
In this document, the risk seriousness and the hazard levels are classified as follows.
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation that will result in death or serious injury to the operator.
IIndicates a potentially hazardous situ
tor.
Indicates a potentially hazardo
ator or damage to the instru
Advisory items related to performance or
IMPORTANT
Indicates information related to the operation of the instrument or maintenance tasks with which
the operators must be fully familiar.
Indicates a high voltage hazard.
If a particular safety check is not performed or the instrumen
a hazardous situation; the operator may receive an electric shock, may get burnt or may even be
fatally injured.
Indicates a strong magnetic-field hazard.
The effects of the magnetic force can cause abnormal operation of heart pacemakers and/or
medical electronics.
Indicates the prohibited action.
Symbols on the instrument
Indicates cautions and hazards. Refer to the "Usage Notes" section of the instruction manual and the
included “Operating Precautions” for more information.
Indicates a grounding terminal.
ation that may result in death or serious injury to the opera-
us situation that may result in minor or moderate injury to the oper-
ment or malfunction.
correct operation of the instrument.
t is mishandled, this may give rise to
Indicates the ON side of the power switch.
Indicates the OFF side of th
Indicates AC (Alternating Current).
Symbols for various standards
Indicates the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) in EU member
states.
This is a recycle mark established under the Resource Recycling Promotion Law (only for Japan).
Indicates that the product conforms to regulations set out by the EU Directive.
e power switch.
Others
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
(p. )
3
Introduction
Indicates the location of reference information.
Indicates quick references for operation and remedies for troubleshooting.
*
[ ] Screen labels such as menu items, se
CURSOR
(Bold character)
Windows
Additional information is presented below.
tting items, dialog titles and buttons are indicated by
square brackets [ ].
Bold characters within the text indicate operating key labels.
Unless otherwise specified, "Windows" represents Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7,
Windows 8, Windows 10.
Accuracy
We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg. (reading) and dgt. (digit) values, with
the following meanings:
f.s.
(maximum display value
or scale length):
rdg.
(reading or displayed
value):
dgt.
(resolution):
The maximum displayable value or scale length. This is usually the name
currently selected range.
of the
The value currently being measured and indicated on the measuring instrument.
The smallest displayable unit on a digital measuring instrument
input value that causes the digital display to show a "1" as the least-significant digit.
, i.e., the
4
(p.7)
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Confirming Package Contents
Confirming Package Contents
When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage occurred during
shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the specif
utor or reseller.
PQ3198 Power Quality Analyzer ................................. 1
Accessories
ications, contact your authorized Hioki distrib-
L1000 Voltage Cord...................................................... 1 set
3 m banana plug leads : 8 (red, yellow, blue, gray : 1 each, black: 4)
Alligator clips : 8 (red, yello
Spiral Tubes (Cord bundling): 20
Z1002 AC Adapter (includes power cord)........................1
Z1003 Battery Pack ...................................................... 1
(Ni-MH, 7.2 V/4500 mAh)
USB Cable .................................................................... 1
Z4001 SD Memory Card 2 GB...................................... 1
Instruction Manual (This document)..............................1
Measurement Guide .....................................................1
w, blue, gray : 1 each, black: 4)
Operating Precautions (0990A903)
PQ ONE (computer application software, CD)..............1
See: "10.1 Application functionality for PQ ONE" (p.171)
The latest version can be downloaded from our website.
Colored clips (red, yellow, blue, whit
color coding for current sensors (Affix
Strap ............................................................................. 1
.............................. 1
e) .........................2 each
to current sensor as necessary)
5
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Confirming Package Contents
Options
The following options are available for the instrument. Contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller
when ordering.
The options are subject to change. Visit our website for updated information.
Voltage measurement
L9243 Grabber Clip
(CAT II, 1000 V, 1 A)
9804-01 Magnetic Adapter
(CAT IV, 1000 V, 2 A)
9804-02 Magnetic Adapter
(CAT IV, 1000 V, 2 A)
L1000 Voltage Cord
L1021-01 Patch Cord (red)
(CAT III, 1000 V, 10 A / CAT IV, 600 V, 10 A)
L1021-02 Patch Cord (black)
(CAT III, 1000 V, 10 A / CAT IV, 600 V, 10 A)
Current sensors (current measurement)
CT7126 AC Current Sensor
(60 A, φ15 mm, can be extended to 10 m)
CT7131 AC Current Sensor
(100 A, φ15 mm, can be extended to 10 m)
CT7136 AC Current Sensor
(600 A, φ46 mm, can be extended to 10 m)
CT7044 AC Flexible Current Sensor
(6000 A, φ100 mm, can be extended to 10 m)
CT7045 AC Flexible Current Sensor
(6000 A, φ180 mm, can be extended to 10 m)
CT7046 AC Flexible Current Sensor
(6000 A, φ254 mm, can be extended to 10 m)
CT7731 AC/DC Auto-Zero Current Sensor
(100 A, φ33 mm, can be extended to 2 m)
CT7736 AC/DC Auto-Zero Current Sensor
(600 A, φ33 mm, can be extended to 2 m)
Power supply
Z1002 AC Adapter
Z1003 Battery Pack
Carrying cases
C1001 Carrying Case (Soft type)
C1002 Carrying Case (Hard type)
C1009 Carrying Case (Bag type)
Wiring adapter
PW9000 Wiring Adapter
(For use with 3-phase
3-wire (3P3W3M) voltages)
PW9001 Wiring Adapter
(For use with 3-phase 4-wire
voltages)
Recording media
Z4001 SD Memory Card (2 GB)
Z4003 SD Memory Card (8 GB)
Other
PW9005 GPS Box
(Build-to-order)
9642 LAN Cable
Z5004 Magnetic Strap
Z5020 Magnetic Strap
CT7742 AC/DC Auto-Zero Current Sensor
(2000 A, φ55 mm, can be extended to 2 m)
CT7116 AC Leakage Current Sensor
(6 A, φ40 mm, can be extended to 10 m)
L9910 Conversion Cable (BNC-PL14)
L0220-01 Extension Cable (Cable length: 2 m)
L0220-02 Extension Cable (Cable length: 5 m)
L0220-03 Extension Cable (Cable length: 10 m)
6
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Safety Notes
Safety Notes
This instrument is designed to conform to IEC 61010 Safety Standards and has been thoroughly
tested for safety prior to shipment. However, using the instrument in a way not described in this
manual may negate the provided safety features.
Before using the instrument, be certain to carefully read t
Mishandling the instrument could result in bodily injury or even death, as well as
damage to the instrument. Familiarize yourself with the instructions and precautions in this manual before using the instrument.
Protective gear
This instrument is measured on a live line. To prevent an electric shock, use
appropriate protective insulation and adhere to applicable laws and regulations.
he following safety notes:
Measurement categories
To ensure safe operation of measuring instruments, IEC 6
electrical environments, categorized as CAT II to CAT IV, and called measurement categories.
• Using a measuring instrument in an environment designated with a highernumbered category than that for which the instrument is rated could result in a
severe accident, and must be carefully avoided.
• Never use a measuring instrument that lacks category labeling in a CAT II to
T IV measurement environment. Doing so could result in a serious accident.
CA
This instrument conforms to the safety requir
CAT II: When directly measuring the electrical outlet receptacles of the primary electrical circuits in
equipment connected to an AC electrical outlet with a power cord (portable tools, household appliances, etc.).
CAT III: When measuring the primary electrical circuits of h
nected directly to the distribution panel, and fe
CAT IV: When measuring the circuit from the service drop to the service entrance, and to the power
me
ter and primary overcurrent protection device (distribution panel).
ements for CAT IV 600 V measuring instruments.
1010 establishes safety standards for various
eavy equipment (fixed installations) con-
eders from the distribution panel to outlets.
Usage Notes
50 mm or more
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Usage Notes
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benefits of the various
functions.
Ensure that your use of the instrument falls within the specifications not only of the instrument
self, but also of any accessories, options and other equipment being used.
it
Before Use
If the voltage cord or the instrument is damaged, there is a risk of an electric
shock. Perform the following inspection before using the instrument:
• Check that the insulation of the voltage cord are neither ripped nor torn and
at no metal parts are exposed. Using the instrument under such conditions
th
could result in an electric shock. Replace the voltage cord with those specified
by our company.
• Before using the instrument, check it and verify that it operates properly to
make sure that it suffered no damage during storage or transportation. If you
find any damage or failure, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
7
Instrument Installation
Installing the instrument in inappropriate locations may cause a malfunction of
instrument or may give rise to an accident. Avoid the following locations:
• Exposed to direct sunlight or high temperature
• Exposed to corrosive or combustible gases
• Exposed to a strong electromagnetic field or electrostatic charge
• Near induction heating systems (such as high-frequency induction heating
stems and IH cooking equipment)
sy
• Susceptible to vibration
• Exposed to water, oil, chemicals, or solvents
• Exposed to high humidity or condensation
• Exposed to high quantities of dust particles
Do not place the instrument on an unstable table or inclined place. Dropping or knocking down the instrument can cause injury
Installing
• The instrument should be operated only with the bottom or rear side downwards.
• Vents (on the left and right side of the instrument) must not be obstructed.
or damage to the instrument.
8
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Usage Notes
Shipping precautions
Store the packaging in which the instrument was delivered, as you will need it when transporting the
instrument.
Handling the Instrument
To avoid electric shock, do not open the instrument's case. The internal components of the instrument carry high voltages and may become very hot during
operation.
• If the instrument exhibits abnormal operation or display during use, review the information in "14.2 Trouble Shooting" (p.250) and "14.3 Error Indication" (p.253) before
contacting your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
• To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it fro
and handling. Be especially careful to avoid physical shock from dropping.
• The protection rating for the enclosure of this
m physical shock when transporting
device (based on EN60529) is *IP30.
*IP30:
This indicates the degree of protection provided by the e
ardous locations, entry of solid foreign objects, and the ingress of water.
3: Protected against access to hazardous parts with tools more than 2.5 mm in diameter. The
equipment inside the enclosure is protected against entry by solid foreign objects larger than
2.5 mm in diameter.
0: Not protected against use in hazardous locati
entry by solid foreign objects.
This instrument may cause interference if used in residential areas. Such use must be
avoided unless the user takes special measures to reduce electromagnetic emissions
to prevent interference to the reception of radio and television broadcasts.
nclosure of the device against use in haz-
ons. The enclosure does not protected against
Handling the cords and current sensors
Use only the Hioki specified voltage cords and input cables. Using a non-specified cable may
result in incorrect measurements due to poor connection or other reasons.
Important
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
If the insulation on a cord melts, the metal conductor may be exposed. Do not
use any cord whose metal conductor is exposed. Doing so could result in an
electric shock, burn, or other hazards.
To prevent an electric shock, do not exceed the every rating shown on either the
instrument or the options for voltage measurement, whichever is worse.
• The cable is hardened in freezing temperatures. Do not bend or pull it to avoid tearing
its shield or cutting cable.
• To prevent damage to the instrument and cu
nect a sensor while the instrument's power is on.
• To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when unplugging it
om the power outlet.
fr
• To avoid breaking the cables, do not bend or pull them.
• For safety reasons, when taking measurem
• Avoid stepping on or pinching cables, which could damage the cable insulation.
• To prevent damage to the BNC connector, be sure to release the locking mechanism,
ip the head of the connector (not the cord), and pull it out.
gr
• To avoid damaging the cables, unplug it by grasping the connector, not the cable.
• When disconnecting the current sensor from the instrument, be sure to grip the part
connector with the arrows and pull it straight out. Gripping the connector else-
of the
where or pulling with excessive force may
• Avoid dropping or jarring the clamps, which could damage the jaw, adversely affecting measurement.
• Do not place any foreign object between the jaws or insert any foreign object into the
p of the sensor head. Doing so may worsen the performance of the sensor or the
ga
opening-closing operation of the sensor head.
• Keep the clamp closed when not in use, to avoid
ing core surfaces, which could interfere with clamp performance.
9
Usage Notes
rrent sensor, never connect or discon-
ents, only use the L1000 Voltage Cord.
damage the connector.
accumulating dust or dirt on the fac-
10
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Usage Notes
Before Connecting Measurement Cables
• To avoid electric shock, turn off the power to all devices before plugging or
unplugging any cables or peripherals.
• Be sure to connect the voltage input and current input terminals correctly. An
orrect connection could damage or short circuit this instrument.
inc
• In order to prevent electric shock or device damage, observe the following precautions when making connections to the external control terminals and other
erface connectors.
int
•Turn off the instrument and any equipment being connected before connect-
ing the measurement cables.
•Exercise care not to exceed the ratings of external control terminal and inter-
face connector signals.
•Make connections securely to avoid the risk of connections coming loose
during ins
cally conductive parts.
•Ensure that devices and systems to be connected to the external control ter-
minals are properly isolated.
trument operation and bringing wires into contact with other electri-
• To avoid electric shock and short-circuit accidents, use only the supplied voltage
cords to connect the instrument input terminals to the circuit to be tested.
• To avoid equipment failure, do not disconne
munications are in progress.
• Use a common ground for both the instrument and the computer. Using different
ground
and the computer's ground. If the communications cable is connected while such a
potential difference exists, it may result in equipment malfunction or failure.
• Before connecting or disconnecting any communications cable, always turn off the
in
or damage.
• After connecting the communications cable
securely. Failure to secure the connector could result in equipment malfunction or
damage.
circuits will result in a potential difference between the instrument's ground
strument and the computer. Failure to do so could result in equipment malfunction
ct the communications cable while com-
, tighten the screws on the connector
11
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Usage Notes
About the AC adapter
• To prevent an electric shock and to maintain the safety specifications of this
instrument, connect the power cord provided only to an outlet.
• Turn the instrument off before connecting the AC adapter to the instrument and
power.
to AC
• Use only the supplied Hioki Model Z1002 AC Adapter. AC adapter input voltage
ge is 100 V AC to 240 V AC (with ±10% stability) at 50 Hz/60 Hz. To avoid
ran
electrical hazards and damage to the instrument, do not apply voltage outside
of this range.
About the battery pack
• For battery operation, use only the Hioki Model Z1003 Battery Pack. We do not
take any responsibility for accidents or damage related to the use of any other
batteries.
• To avoid electric shock, turn off the power switch and disconnect the power
d, voltage cord, and current sensor from the object under measurement
cor
before replacing the battery pack.
• To prevent the instrument damage or electric shock, use only the screws for
curing the battery cover in place that are originally installed.
se
If you have lost any screws or find that any screws are damaged, please contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller for a replacement.
To avoid problems with battery operation, remove the batteries from the instrument if it
is to be stored several week or more.
The battery pack is subject to self-discharge. Be sure to charge the battery pack before
initial use. If the battery capacity remains very low after correct recharging, the useful
battery life is at an end.
Others
Avoid using an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or DC/AC inverter with rectangular
wave or pseudo-sine-wave output to power the instrument. Doing so may damage the
instrument.
12
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Usage Notes
Before Connecting to the Lines to be Measured
• To avoid short circuits and potentially life-threatening hazards, never attach the
current sensor to a circuit that operates at more than the maximum rated voltage to earth. Also, do not perform measurement around a bare conductor.
(See your current sensor's instruction manual for its maximum ratings.)
• Do not use the instrument to measure circuits that exceed its ratings or specifications. Damage to the instrument or overheating can cause bodily injury.
To avoid electrical hazards and damage to the instrument, do not apply voltage
xceeding the rated maximum to the input terminals.
e
• Do not short-circuit two wires to be measured by bringing the voltage cord clip
current sensor into contact with them. Arcs or such grave accidents are
or
likely to occur.
• To prevent a short-circuit or electric shock, do not touch the metal part of the
onnecting voltage cord tip.
c
• To prevent electrical shock and personnel injury, do not touch any input terminals on the VT (PT), CT or the instrument when they are in operation.
Connect measurement lines to Model L1000 Voltage Cord securely. If a terminal
is loose, the contact resistance will increase, resulting in overheating, equipment
burnout, or a fire.
When the instrument's power is turned off, do not apply voltage to the instrument.
Doing so may damage the instrument.
While Measuring
If an abnormality such as smoke, strange sound or offensive smell occurs, stop
measuring immediately, disconnect from the measurement lines, turn off the
instrument, unplug the power cord from the outlet, and undo any changes to the
wiring. Contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller as soon as possible.
Continuing to use the instrument may result in fire or electric shock.
Disc precautions
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
• Exercise care to keep the recorded side of discs free of dirt and scratches.
When writing text on a disc’s label, use a pen or marker with a soft tip.
• Keep discs inside a protective case and do not expose to direct sunlight, high
temperature, or high humidity.
• Hioki is not liable for any issues your
course of using this disc.
computer system experiences in the
Using the Magnetic Adapter and Magnetic Strap
Persons wearing electronic medical devices such as a pacemaker should not
use magnetic adapter and magnetic strap. Such persons should avoid even
proximity to the magnetic adapter and magnetic strap, as it may be dangerous.
Medical device operation could be compromised, presenting a hazard to human
life.
13
Usage Notes
Ingesting a magnetic adapter and magnetic strap can cause life-threatening complications. Exercise particular care to keep magnetic adapter and magnetic strap
ut of the reach of small children. If someone accidentally swallows it, seek
o
immediate medical treatment.
• Do not subject the magnetic adapter and magnetic strap to mechanical shock, for
example, due to dropping it. Shock can cause it to be chipped or cracked.
• Do not use the magnetic adapter and magnetic strap in locations where it may be
sed to rainwater, dust, or condensation. In those conditions, the magnetic
expo
adapter and magnetic strap may be decomposed or deteriorated. The magnet adhesion may be diminished. In such case, the instrument may not be hung in place and
may fall.
• Do not bring the magnetic adapter and magne
such as floppy disks, magnetic cards, pre-paid cards, or magnetized tickets. Doing so
may corrupt and may render them unusable. Furthermore, if the magnetic adapter
and magnetic strap is brought near precision electronic equipment such as computers, TV screens, or electronic
wrist watches, they may fail.
tic strap near magnetic storage device
14
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
Usage Notes
15
To assess power supply quality (power quality)
(There is no known problem with the power supply, and you simply wish to assess its quality.)
• Periodic power supply quality statistical investigations
• Testing after the installation of electric or electronic equipment
• Load investigation
• Preventive maintenance
1
To find the cause of a power supply malfunction
(You have discovered a power supply malfunction such as an equipment failure or malfunction
and wish to address it quickly.)
2
Go to Step 3.
Go to Step 2.
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
1.1 Procedure for Investigating Power Supply Quality
1
1
Overview Chapter 1
1.1 Procedure for Investigating Power Supply
Quality
By measuring power supply quality parameters, you can assess the power supply's quality and
identify the causes of various power supply malfunctions. The PQ3198's ability to measure all
power supply quality parameters simultaneously makes this process a quick and simple one.
This chapter describes the power supply quality investigation process.
Step 1: Identifying a clear objective
Chapter 1 Overview
16
Where is the issue occurring?
• Principal electrical system
(Large copier, uninterruptible power supply, elevator, air compressor, air conditioning compressor, battery
charger, cooling system, air handler, time-controlled lighting, variable-speed drive, etc.)
• Electric distribution system
(Conduit [electrical conduit] damage or corrosion, transformer heating or noise, oil leak, circuit breaker
operation or overheating)
1
When does the issue occur?
• Does it occur continuously, regularly, or intermittently?
• Does it occur at a specific time of day or on a specific day?
2
What type of investigation (measurement) should be performed to find the cause?
(It is recommended to measure voltage, current, and possibly power continuously. By analyzing voltage and
current trends when the issue occurs, it will be easier to pinpoint the cause of the problem. Additionally,
simultaneously measuring multiple locations is an effective way to quickly identify the cause.)
• Electrical substation internal lines (power companies only)
• High or low voltage at a service line entrance
• Distribution boards and switchboards
• Outlets and other points of power supply for electric and electronic equipment
3
What is the expected cause?
• Voltage abnormalities (RMS value fluctuations, waveform distortion, transient voltages, high-order harmonics [noise at frequencies of several kHz and above])
• Current abnormalities (leak current, inrush current)
4
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
1.1 Procedure for Investigating Power Supply Quality
Step 2: Identifying the malfunctioning component (measurement location)
Check the following:
17
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
1.1 Procedure for Investigating Power Supply Quality
Step 3: Checking investigation (measurement) locations (collecting site data)
Collect information (site data) from as many locations as possible to prepare for the investigation. Check
the following:
1. Connection (1P2W/1P3W/3P3W2M/3P3W3M/3P4W/3P4W2.5E)
2. Nominal input voltage (100 V to 600 V)
3. Frequency (50 Hz/60 Hz)
4. Need for neutral wire measurement and DC voltage measurement
5. Current capacity (necessary in order to select current sensor to use for measurement)
6. Other items related to the facility as
power supplies, principal electrical system operating cycle, additions or changes to facility equipment,
facility distribution circuitry)
a whole (check for presence of other systems with malfunctioning
Step 4: Making measurements with the power supply quality analyzer
Measurements are performed using the following procedure:
1. Perform quick setup and adjust the relevant settings.
• Connect the measurement line and select the quick setup
instrument to identify a power supply malfunction whose cause is unknown, it is recommended to
select the voltage abnormality detection pattern.)
• Verify that the proper connection has been selected on the [SYSTEM]
have been configured appropriately (nominal input voltage, frequency, range, interval time, etc.). Verify
that events are not being generated too frequently.
• If, based on the information obtained in Steps 2 and 3 above, you find that some necessary settings have
not be
en configured by the quick setup process, reconfigure them on the [SYSTEM] screen.
• Check instantaneous values (voltage level, voltage
distortion [THD]) on the [VIEW] screen.
2. Start recording.
• Press the ST
quick setup process.)
• Check the event detection state on the [EVENT] sc
the settings or thresholds. (If too many events are occurring, you can increase the thresholds based on
measurement results.)
• Continue recording for the necessary period, check th
the detected events, and take corrective action as appropriate. (The PQ3198 can be used not only for
the investigation phase, but also to verify the effectiveness of corrective action taken.)
ART/STOP button to start recording. (Thresholds will have already been set during the
according to your objective.(When using the
screen and that the settings
waveform, current waveform, voltage waveform
reen. If necessary, cancel recording and change
e state of the power supply malfunction based on
1
1
Chapter 1 Overview
18
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
1.1 Procedure for Investigating Power Supply Quality
Advice for identifying the cause of abnormalities
Record voltage and current trends at the power circuit inlet.
If current consumption in a building is high while the voltage is low, the cause likely lies inside the building. If the voltage and current are both low, the cause is likely
important to select the right measurement locations and to measure current.
Check power trends.
Overloaded equipment can cause problems. By understanding power trends, you can more easily identify problematic equipment and locations.
Check when the problem occurs.
Equipment that is operating or turning off or on when abnormalities (events) are recorded may be problematic. By understanding the precise times at which a
easily identify problematic equipment and locations.
bnormalities (events) start and stop, you can more
to lie outside the building. It's extremely
Check for heat and unusual sounds.
Motors, transformers, and wiring may produce heat or unusual sounds due to causes such as overloading or harmonics.
19
Record abnormal waveforms
Record voltage fluctuations
Observe power supply waveforms
Measure harmonics
Measure flicker
Measure power
One instrument does it all!
How does the PQ3198 record abnormal waveforms?
The instrument automatically judges and records a range of problems.
Transient voltages
Transient voltages are caused by lightning strikes, circuit-breaker and relay
contact obstructions and tripping, and other phenomena. They are often characterized by precipitous voltage variations and a high peak voltage.
Flicker (ΔV10, IEC)
Flicker is caused by blast furnace, arc welding, and thyristor control loads. The
resulting voltage fluctuations cause flicker in light bulbs and similar phenomena.
Voltage dips (falling voltage)
Short-lived voltage drops are caused by the occurrence of a inrush current with
a large load, such as when a motor starts.
Interruptions
In an interruption, the supply of power stops momentarily or for a short or long
period of time due to factors such as a circuit breaker tripping as a result of a
power company accident or power supply short-circuit.
Voltage swells (rising voltage)
In a voltage swell, the voltage rises momentarily due to a lightning strike or the
switching of a high-load power line.
Harmonic and high-order harmonic elements
Harmonics are caused by distortions in the voltage and current caused by the
semiconductor control devices that are frequently used in equipment power
supplies.
Transient voltages
Voltage dips
Voltage swells
Interruptions
Harmonic
Flicker
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
1.2 Product Overview
1.2 Product Overview
The PQ3198 Power Quality Analyzer is an analytical instrument for monitoring and recording
power supply anomalies, allowing their causes to be quickly investigated. The instrument can
also be used to assess power supply problems (voltage drops, flicker, harmonics, etc.).
1
1
Chapter 1 Overview
20
Extensive selection
of current sensors
(Available rated for use with signals ranging from leak currents
to a maximum of 5000 A.)
Safety
CAT IV 600 V compliant.
Capable of measuring lead-in
wires on their primary side.
Measurement of
transient voltages of
up to 6000 V from
5 kHz to 700 kHz
SD memory card data storage
By allowing the PQ3198 to record data continuously
for up to one year, the ability to use high-capacity up
to 8 GB memory cards inspires peace of mind.
Easy downloading of data to
a computer via USB or LAN
Included software simplifies analysis.
Support for 400 Hz
lines
Simultaneous
3-channel measurement of ΔV10 flicker
Ability to measure all
parameters
necessary for power
quality measurement
Measurement of
high-order harmonic
components from
2 kHz to 80 kHz
Reliable
Quick setup functionality
ensures you won't miss
the occurrence of any
abnormal phenomena.
High precision
Voltage measurement
accuracy of ±0.1%rdg.
Complies with the new IEC610004-30 Class A international power
quality standard.
Capable of accommodating 1-phase 2-wire, 1-phase 3-wire, 3-phase 3-wire,
and 3-phase 4-wire power supplies.
Features isolated channels for equipment analysis, neutral line ground fault
measurement, and measurement of power supply lines from separate systems.
Lets you select line voltage or phase voltage. Includes Δ-Y conversion and Y-Δ
conversion functionality.
Features a TFT color LCD that is easily visible in both bright and dark settings.
Capable of true simultaneous measurement with gap-less continuous operation, assuring your ability to reliably capture target phenomena.
Capable of accurately assessing the time at which phenomena occur. A GPS
option allows time correction.
Can be operated with peace of mind during an extended power outage thanks
to a generous battery drive time of 180 minutes.
Supports simple inverter measurement.*
Fundamental frequency: 40 Hz to 70 Hz; carrier frequency 20 kHz or less
*
: It is recommended to use the PW6001 or PW3390 for high-precision measurement. Although this instrument may
yield different voltage readings than the PW6001 and PW3390 due to differences in measurement band, it should
yield approximately the same current and power values as the PW6001 and PW3390 since current waveforms
approach the fundamental wave. It can also be used to measure the efficiency of DC/3-phase inverters.
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
1.3 Features
1.3 Features
21
*: Indicate settings configured on the instrument's screen.
Perform the pre-measurement inspection.
3.3 (p.44)
PQ3198
operating state
Connect the AC adapter, voltage cords, and current sensors.
3.4 (p.45) to 3.7 (p.48)
Turn on the instrument.
3.8 (p.50)
[SETTING]
Perform zero adjustment after allowing the instrument to warm up for 30
minutes.*
4.1 (p.53)
Configure initial settings.*
Configure connection and current sensor
settings.
See: 4.3 (p.55)
Load a settings file (settings data).*
Load a settings file from the SD memory
card.
See: 9.7 (p.170)
Connect to the measurement line.
4.5 (p.62)
Verify connections.*
Note: If waveforms, measured values, or vector diagrams appear incorrect, reconnect the lines.
4.6 (p.66)
9.7 (p.170)
Configure settings using quick
setup.*
Select quick setup and configure the con-
nection, current sensor, VT and CT, and
TIME PLOT interval settings.
See: 4.7 (p.68)
Configure the settings as desired.*
Set thresholds and other values as desired.
Settings can be configured as desired even
after using quick setup functionality.
See: Chapter 5 (p.73)
Verify settings, event count, and memory capacity.*
Note: If waveforms or settings appear incorrect, or if the event count is unusually high,
change the settings.
4.8 (p.71)
Start recording.
"Start and Stop Record-
ing" (p.22)
[RECOR
DING]
Stop recording.
[ANALYZING]
Check and analyze measurement data.
(Data can also be checked while recording is in progress.)
Chapter 6 (p.97) to
Chapter 8 (p.141)
Disconnect the voltage cords and current sensors from the measurement
line and turn off the instrument.
(The display data will be erased. It cannot be redisplayed.)
3.8 (p.50)
Analyze the data on a computer using the computer application.
Chapter 12 (p.179)
See:
If you have loaded a
settings file
(settings data)
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
1.4 Measurement Flowchart
1.4 Measurement Flowchart
Be sure to read "Usage Notes" (p.7) before measuring.
Measurement is performed using the following process:
1
1
Chapter 1 Overview
22
Relationship between the operation status and key operations
[Setting] [Recording]
[Analyzing]
Start
recording
Stop
recording
Revert to [Setting] mode
Set
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
1.4 Measurement Flowchart
Start and Stop Recording
You can start and stop recording either manually or using real-time control. In either case, repeat recording can be used.
Manual Real-time control
Start
Stop
Notes See: "Time Start" (p.80)
Repeated
recording
Press . Press to start recording at the set time and date.
Press to stop
recording.
Recording is performed at the specified interva
containing measurement data are created at the specified interval. Repeated recording
can be used to record for up to 55 weeks (approx. 1 year).
See: "Repeat Record" (p.81)
Stops automatically at the specified stop time.
Press the to force stop.
l (once a week or once a day), and files
To start a new recording session after recording has ended, press the DA
ment to [Se
tting] mode, and then press the START/STOP key. (Note that pressing the DATA RESET key
will erase the displayed measurement data.)
TA RESET key, set the instru-
Do not remove the SD memory card while recording or analyzing data. Doing so
may cause data on the card to be corrupted.
23
Display
6.5" TFT color LCD display
See: "Display Items and Screen Types" (p.29)
Front
F key (Function key)
Select and change display contents and settings.
See:"2.2 Basic Operations" (p.27)
Operation keys
See:(p.24)
POWER LED
Lights up when the
POWER switch is
turned on and power is supplied to the instrument.
Normal operation: Solid green
When using battery pack: Solid red
See: "3.8 Turning the Power On and Off (Set-
ting the Default Language)" (p.50)
START/STOP LED
When in the recording
standby state:
Flashing green
When recording:
Solid green
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
2.1 Names and Functions of Parts
Names and Functions of Parts
Basic Operations
2
& Screens Chapter 2
2.1 Names and Functions of Parts
Chapter 2 Names and Functions of Parts Basic Operations & Screens
24
START/STOP key
Starts and stops recording. To resume recording, press the DATA RESET key to re-
set the data followed by the START/STOP
key.
Operation keys
Menu keys (Screen selection)
Press a key to select a screen.
Displays the [SYSTEM] screen (which provides a list of system settings, event
settings, recording condition settings, and memory [file] options [settings data,
screen copy, measurement data]). (p.32)
Displays the [VIEW] screen (which displays waveform and measured values).
(p.34)
Displays the [TIME PLOT] screen (which displays time series graphs). (p.36)
Displays the [EVENT] screen (which displays an event list). (p.37)
Cursor keys
Select a setting on the
screen. The cursor keys
are also used to scroll
through graphs or waveforms.
DF keys (display function keys)
Selects which screen to
display from the selected
[SYSTEM], [VIEW],
[TIME PLOT], or
[EVENT] screen.
MANU EVENT key
Generates an event, initiating recording of measured values and event
waveforms.
COPY key
Outputs data from the
currently displayed
screen to the SD memory card.
ESC key
Cancels any selections or
changes made and reverts
to the previous settings.
Pressing and holding this
key for at least 3 seconds
activates the key lock function. (To cancel the key
lock, press and hold for at
least 3 seconds again.)
(p.28)
DATA RESET key
Deletes all measurement
data being presently displayed from the instrument’s internal memory.
(Data stored on the SD
memory card will not be deleted.) To start a new recording session, press this
key to reset the data.
ENTER key
Finalizes the selected or
changed item.
HIOKI PQ3198A961-03
2.1 Names and Functions of Parts
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