Hioki 3540-01, 3540-02, 3540-03 Instruction Manual

Instruction Manual

3540

mΩ HiTESTER

May 2012 Revised edition 18 3540A981-18 12-05H

Contents

Introduction i
Inspection i
Safety ii
Precautions v

Chapter 1 Outline 1

1.1 Four-terminal Method 1

1.2 Temperature Correction Function

1.3 Effects of Thermoelectromotive Force

Chapter 2 Name and Functions 7

2.1 Front Panel 7

2.2 Rear Panel

2.2.1 3540 11

2.2.2 3540-01

2.2.3 3540-02

2.2.4 3540-03

2.3 Top Case 13

11

11
11
12

3
5

Chapter 3 Specifications 15

3.1 General Specifications 15

3.2 Measurement Range

18

Chapter 4 Operating Procedure 21

4.1 Preparing Measurement 21

4.1.1 Measurement Leads 22

4.1.2 About the Temperature Probe

4.1.3 Instrument Handle

4.2 Resistance Measurement 24

4.2.1 Setting the Power Supply Frequency 25

4.2.2 Changing the Measurement Range

4.2.3 Zero Adjust Function

23
23

26
27

4.2.4 Switching the Sampling Speed 28

4.2.5 Hold Function

4.2.6 Overload Indicator

4.2.7 Current Abnormality (CCERR) Detection
Function

28
29

29

4.3 Comparator Function 30

4.3.1 Using the Comparator 31

4.3.2 Selecting the Comparator Table

4.3.3 Selecting the Comparator Mode

4.3.4 Selecting the Buzzer Mode

4.3.5 Configuring the Comparison Values

4.3.6 Outputting Comparator Results

31
31
32
33
34

4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC) 35

4.5 Temperature Measurement

36

Chapter 5 External Control Features 37

5.1 Connectors 38

5.1.1 The External Terminal 39

5.1.2 The External Connectors

5.2 Connections to Terminals 41

5.2.1 The External Terminal 41

5.2.2 External Connectors

5.3 Electrical Specification 43

5.3.1 Power Supply Rating 43

5.3.2 Input/output Ratings

5.3.3 Internal Circuit

5.4 Using the Signals 46

5.4.1 Measurement Control 47

5.4.2 Outputting Measurement Results

40

42

44
45

50

Chapter 6 RS-232C Interface 53

6.1 Specifications 53

6.1.1 RS-232C Settings 53

6.1.2 Electrical Characteristics

6.1.3 Connector

6.1.4 Connection Method

53
54
54

6.2 Communication Method 55

6.2.1 Connection to Computer 55

6.2.2 Command Transfer Method

6.2.3 Command Format

6.2.4 Response Format

6.2.5 Delimiter

55
56
57
57

6.3 Command 58

6.3.1 Explanation of Command References 58

6.3.2 Command References

6.3.3 Received Data

59
70

Chapter 7 Printers 73

7.1 Making Connections 73

7.2 Printing

75

Chapter 8 Maintenance and Service 77

8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure 77

8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure

8.3 Troubleshooting

8.4 Error Code Table

8.5 Service

8.6 Cleaning

79
80
82
83
83

Appendix Zero Adjustment 85

___________________________________________________________________

Introduction

Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI "3540 mΩ HiTESTER." To
obtain maximum performance from the product, please read this
manual first, and keep it handy for future reference.

Inspection

When you receive the product, inspect it carefully to ensure that
no damage occurred during shipp ing. In particular, check the
accessories, panel switches, and connectors. If damage is evident,
or if it fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your
dealer or Hioki representative.

Accessories

9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD 1
9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE
Instruction Manual
R6P manganese batteries (monitor batteries)
Spare fuse to protect the circuit

(F1.0 AH/250 V)
Ferrite clamp
External connector socket (Ver.-01 only)

1
1
6

1
1
1

i

___________________________________________________________________

Inspection

ii

___________________________________________________________________

Safety

WARNING

This product is designed to conform to IEC 61010
Safety Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for
safety prior to shipment. However, mishandling
during use could result in injury or death, as well as
damage to the product. Be certain that you
understand the instructions and precautions in the
manual before use. We disclaim any responsibility for
accidents or injuries not resulting directly from
product defects.

Safety symbols

This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe
operation of the product and for maintaining it in safe operating
condition. Before using the product, be sure to carefully read the
following safety notes.

･ The

user should refer to a corresponding topic in the
manual (marked with the
relevant function.

･ In the manual, the

important information that the user should read before

symbol printed on the product indicates that the

symbol) before using the

symbol indicates particularly

Indicates DC (Direct Current).

Indicates the ON side of the power switch.

Indicates the OFF side of the power switch.

___________________________________________________________________

Safety

___________________________________________________________________

The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative

importance of cautions and warnings.

iii

WARNING

CAUTION

NOTE

Indicates that incorrect operation presents a
significant hazard that could result in serious injury or
death to the user.

Indicates that incorrect operation presents a
possibility of injury to the user or damage to the
product.

Advisory items related to performance or correct
operation of the product.

Measurement categories

To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010
establishes safety standards for various electrical environments,
categorized as CAT II to CAT IV, and called measurement
categories. These are defined as follows.

CAT II: Primary electrical circuits in equipment connected to an

AC electrical outlet by a power cord (portable tools,
household appliances, etc.)
CAT II covers directly measuring electrical outlet
receptacles.

CAT III: Primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment (fixed

installations) connected directly to the distribution panel,
and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets.

CAT IV: The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance,

and to the power meter and primary overcurrent
protection device (distribution panel).

Using a measurement instrument in an environment designated
with a higher-numbered category than tha t for which the
instrument is rated could result in a severe accident, and must be
carefully avoided.

___________________________________________________________________

Safety

iv

___________________________________________________________________

Use of a measurement instrument that is not CAT-rated in CAT II
to CAT IV measurement applications could result in a severe
accident, and must be carefully avoided.

___________________________________________________________________

Safety

___________________________________________________________________

Precautions

Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the
full benefits of the various functions.

v

WARNING

CAUTION

Use either the specified Hioki model 9445-02/03 AC
ADAPTER.

･ Never apply an external voltage to the SENSE and

SOURCE terminals of the instrument.

･ To properly suppress noise, this product must be set to

match the power supply frequency. Before using the
product, make sure the power supply frequency selector
is set correctly, to avoid erroneous readings.
(Refer to 4.2.1 Setting the Power Supply Frequency.)

･ Do not store or use the product where it could be

exposed to direct sunlight, high temperature or humidity,
or condensation. Under such conditions, the product
may be damaged and insulation may deteriorate so that
it no longer meets specifications.

･ To avoid damage to the product, protect it from

vibration or shock during transport and handling, and be
especially careful to avoid dropping.

･ The sensor used in the temperature probe is a thin,

precision platinum film.
Please note that excessive voltage pulses or static
discharges can destroy the film.
To avoid damage or malfunction, avoid hitting the tip of
the temperature probe and overly bending the leads.
When measuring high temperatures, do not let the
handle of the temperature probe or the compensation
lead wire exceed the temperature range.

___________________________________________________________________

Precautions

vi

___________________________________________________________________

NOTE

The battery indicator lights up when the remaining battery
capacity is low. In this case, the instrument's reliability is not
guaranteed. Replace the battery immediately.
(Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure.")

Be sure to turn the power switch OFF ( ) when not using the

instrument.

Warm up the instrument for at least 30 minutes prior to use, to
attain proper measurement accuracy.

This product should be installed and operated indoors only,
between 0 and 40

and 80 %RH or less.

A fuse is provided in the current source (SOURCE) to protect the
circuit. If the fuse burns out, measurements cannot be made.
Refer to "8.2 Fuse Replacement procedure" on how to check for a
burned-out fuse.

This instrument should not be used with relays or other devices
that handle small signals, since it may damage their contact
coating.

Do not measure points which have a voltage across them. The
main unit of the 3540 will be damaged by an induced voltage if a
measurement is made immediately after a temperature rise test or
dielectric test of a motor or transformer.

Accurate measurement may be difficult to obtain if the instrument
is used near equipment that generates noise.
Also, the indicator may sometimes fluctuate if the device-under­test picks u p noise. Therefore, do not use the instrument in
environments with excessive electrical noise.

The measurement indication may sometimes fluctuate due to
noise pick-up if the temperature probe is touched or held with
bare fingers.

Temperature correction is not possible when the temperature
probe is in contact with the surface of the device to be measured.
Note that the temperature probe is only designed to measure
ambient air temperature.

Significant measurement error will result if the device to be
temperature corrected and the temperature probe are not at the
same ambient air temperature.

Large measurement error will result if the temperature probe is
not inserted fully into the tc sensor jack.

___________________________________________________________________

Precautions

___________________________________________________________________

vii

Make sure the power is turned off before connecting or

disconnecting the AC adapter.

The AC adapter may pick up noise which will affect the
measurement. In such a case, operate the instrument from battery
power.

Measurement range , comparator settings and all settings of the
3540 (except for the measured value) are backed up internally,
but this backup occurs only after a certain amount of time has
elapsed without any operation. Therefore, after changing the
settings, wait a few moments (about 5 seconds) before turning off
the power.

Because the 3540 uses direct current to make measurements,
thermoelectromotive effects can result in measurement errors.
Refer to "1.3 Effects of T hermoelectromotive Force" for details.

When the one that includes the L component such as the
transformer for the power supply a lot is measured a measured
value may not stabilize.

___________________________________________________________________

Precautions

viii

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Precautions

___________________________________________________________________

Chapter 1

Outline

The 3540 mΩ HiTESTER is an four-terminal method tester
designed to accurately measure the coil resistance in motors and
transformers, the contact resistance of relays, switches a nd
connectors, and the trace resistance on printed circuit boards.
In addition, a temperature correction function, comparator function
and data output function are provided, making the 3540 mΩ
HiTESTER ideal for use in production and inspection lines and
systems.

1.1 Four-terminal Method

1

To obtain accurate results when measuring resistance values that
are very small, the Four-terminal method must be used. As shown
in figure 1, in the Two-terminal method, the resistance of the test
leads adds to the resistance of the device being measured, resulting
in an erroneous measurement. However, in the Four-terminal
method shown in the Figure 2, the input consists of two current
terminals to which a constant current is supplied, and two voltage
terminals measured the voltage drop. The voltmeter has a high
input impedance so that essentially no current flows through the
leads connected between the device-under-test and the voltage
terminals. As a result, there is almost no voltage drop across the
resistances r
resistances and contact resistances is very small, and these can be
canceled out.

___________________________________________________________________

3

. Thus the voltage drop due to the lead

and r

4

1.1 Four-terminal Method

2

___________________________________________________________________

Ohmmeter

Constant current

source

Voltmeter Voltmeter

I

E

r

2

Resistance

r

1

R

0

The current I flows to the measured
resistance R
resistance r

and the wiring

0

and r2.

1

Therefore, the measuring voltage E
canbeobtainedbyE=I(r1+R0+r2),
and it would include the wiring
resistance r1and r2.

Figure 1
Measurement Using the 2-terminal
Method

Ohmmeter

Constant current

source

I

E

r

2

r

4

Resistance

r

3

E

0

R

0

All of the current I flows to the
measured resistance R

.

0

Therefore, the voltage drop of r
r

become 0, and voltage E and the

4

voltage drop E
measured resistance R

of each end of the

0

become

0

equal. Accordingly, the resistance
measurement without influence of r
to r4becomes possible.

Figure 2
Measurement Using the 4-terminal
Method

3

r

1

and

1

___________________________________________________________________

1.1 Four-terminal Method

___________________________________________________________________

1.2 Temperature Correction Function

The temperature sensor used in the 3540's temperature probe is a
thin platinum film whose resistance changes according to
temperature. The resistance of the film is detected and converted to
a temperature value by the CPU.
This section explains use of the 3540's temperature coefficient
correction function.
Since the resistance of copper wire is relatively susceptible to
changes in temperature, that fact must be kept in mind when
measuring its resistance. Using the temperature probe, the
resistance value of copper wire can easily be converted to its 20
equivalent for display.
In general, the relationship between the resistance of copper wire
and temperature is as indicated by the following expression.

=Rt0x {1 + α

R

t

Here, α

is referred to as the temperature coefficient, which is

t0

expressed as follows.

= 1 / [{1 / (0.00393 x α }+(t0- 20)] (2)

α

t0

Here, σ is the conductivity of copper wire. From expressions (1)
and (2), the temperature coefficients of various types of wire with
various conductivities can be calculated, and their resistance values
at a particular temperature obtained. Table 1 shows the
conductivity of various types of copper wire.

x (t - t0)} (1)

t0

3

Diameter (mm) Soft copper

0.10 to 0.26

0.26 to 0.29

0.29 to 0.50

0.50 to 2.00

2.00 to 8.00

___________________________________________________________________

0.98 0.93 ---

0.98 0.94 ---

0.993 0.94 ---

1.00 0.96 0.96

1.00 0.97 0.97

Table 1 Conductivity

1.2 Temperature Correction Function

Tin-plated

soft copper

σ

Hard copper

4

___________________________________________________________________

For 3540 temperature correction, conductivity σ is calculated as

1. Accordingly, when the resistance value R
the time of temperature correction is taken as R

that is displayed at

20

, the measured

t

resistance at the current ambient temperature is expressed by the
following expression. (Temperature coefficient: α

-6

ppm = x 10

R

)

=Rt/{1+α

20

x (t - 20)} (3)

20

=3930ppm,

20

Error occurs during temperature correction because the temperature
coefficient calculated according to expression (2) differs when the
conductivity σ is other than 1.
For example, when the tin-plated soft copper wire (diameter 0.10
to 0.26) of Table 1 is measured, σ = 0.93 gives α

of 3650 ppm,

t0

so that the 3540 temperature value contains error.

___________________________________________________________________

1.2 Temperature Correction Function

___________________________________________________________________

1.3 Effects of Thermoelectromotive Force

Thermoelectromotive force is the potential difference at the
junction of two dissimilar metals. If this emf is large, measurement
errors can result. As the 3540 uses constant direct current flowing
through the object being measured, readings can be affected by
even slight thermoelectromotive force.
Furthermore, the quantity of thermoelectromotive force is
dependent upon the temperature of the measurement environment,
with the force generally being greater at higher temperature.
Thermoelectromotive force occurs at the junction of dissimilar
metals and between the probes of the 3540 and the contacts on the
object being measured. The following figure illustrates
thermoelectromotive force. The battery symbols represent a
junction of dissimilar metals, and the probe symbols represent the
thermoelectromotive force.

Metal A Thermoelectromotive force

Metal:B

5

3540

As an example of the error effects of thermoelectromotive force, if
the force is 10 μV and the measured resistance is 3 Ω, the current
is 1 mA in the 3 Ω range, so the measured value displayed on the
3540 is actually

(3 Ω x 1mA+10μV) / 1 mA = 3.010 Ω. In t hi s s ituation,

changing the probe direction to HI-LO leaves the polarity of the
thermoelectromotive force unaffected, so the measured value is
now (3 Ω

___________________________________________________________________

x 1mA-10μV) / 1 mA = 2.990 Ω.

1.3 Effects of Thermoelectromotive Force

6

___________________________________________________________________

If the measurement error is large due to the effect of
thermoelectromotive force, the following countermeasures can be

employed.
(1) Reverse the probes and use the average measured value.
(2) As the thermoelectromotive force is temperature dependent,

maintain a constant temperature in the measurement environment.

___________________________________________________________________

1.3 Effects of Thermoelectromotive Force

___________________________________________________________________

4

Chapter 2

Name and Functions

2.1 Front Panel

7

Handle LCD Comparator display

15.HI/REF key

14.TABLE key

1.Power switch

10.FAST mark

16.Comparator configuration keys

5.HOLD mark

4.AUTO mark

2.Measurement display area

3. keys 7.TC key(8.TEMP key)

.AUTO key

17.Buzzer key

5.HOLD key (6.0ADJ key)

13.COMP key

12.SHIFT key

10. SAMPL key (11. 50/60Hz key)

9.LOCK mark

7.TC mark

Input terminal

9.LOCK key
(UNLOCK key)

12. SHIFT mark

18.Battery
mark

14. Table No display

13. Comparator display

15. Comparator mode display

16. Comparator configuration display

17. Buzzer mode display

___________________________________________________________________

2.1 Front Panel

8

___________________________________________________________________

1. POWER switch

On power-up, the LCD and LED's light and the instrument
performs an internal check and init ialization of internal analog
circuits. An error code is displayed if an internal error is detected
during the check. (Refer to "8.4 Error Code Table".)
Upon completion of the internal check, the LCD displays the
instruments power supply frequency setting and the 3540 version
number.

2. Measurement display area

Displays the measurement count, decimal point, unit of
measurement, and the measurement range.

3.

The

keys Page 26

(up) and (down) keys are used to select the

resistance measurement range.

4. AUTO

Pressing the AUTO

key, AUTO mark Page 26

key turns on automatic range selection,

lighting the AUTO mark on the LCD. The measurement range for
resistance is then automatically selected according to the resistance
of the resistor being measured.

5. HOLD

Pressing the HOLD

key, HOLD mark Page 28

key turns on the hold mode, lighting the

HOLD mark on the LCD and fixing the currently displayed
measurement value.

6. 0ADJ

key Page 27

To zero-adjust the instrument, short the test leads and press

SHIFT

+ 0ADJ . (Zero adjustment is only possible with a

reading of 100 counts or less.)

7. TC

key, TC mark Page 35

When the temperature probe is connected, pressing the TC

key
converts the measured resistance value of copper wire to its 20
equivalent resistance value and displays it.

___________________________________________________________________

2.1 Front Panel

___________________________________________________________________

8. TEMP key Page 36

Pressing SHIFT
selects the temperature measurement mode. Pressing SHIFT

TEMP

a second time returns measurement to the resistance

+ TEMP with the temperature probe connected

+

mode.

9. LOCK

Pressing the LOCK

/ UNLOCK key, LOCK mark

key lights the LOCK mark on the LCD and

locks out key input. With key input locked, all of the keys on the
instrument are disabled except for the POWER

SHIFT

10. SAMPL

key. To unlock the keys, press SHIFT + UNLOCK .

key, FAST mark Page 28

Sampling speed is switched using the SAMPL

switch and the

key. With fast
sampling, FAST is displayed on the LCD and sampling takes place
at the rate 16 samples per second. When slow sampling is selected,
sampling takes place at the rate of 4 samples per second.

11. 50/60Hz key Page 25

Power supply frequency is selected by pressing SHIFT

50/60Hz

. Select the frequency that matches that of your power

supply.

12. SHIFT

Pressing the SHIFT

key, SHIFT mark

key lights the SHIFT mark on the LCD and

puts the keys in the shift mode. In the shift mode, pressing any
key activates the function whose name is printed in blue below
that key. To cancel the shift mode, press the SHIFT
time.

13. COMP

Pressing the COMP

key, comparator display Page 31

key turns on the comparator, lighting the

comparator display on the LCD and enabling comparison
measurement. To end comparison measurement, press the COMP
key a second time.

14. TABLE

Pressing the TABLE

key, Table No. display Page 31

key switches the internal comparator table
number. With the 3540, up to seven different comparator
configurations can be saved.

+

key a second

9

___________________________________________________________________

2.1 Front Panel

10

___________________________________________________________________

15. HI/REF key, comparator mode dis play Page 31

The comparator mode is selected with the HI/REF

key. When the

HIGH or LOW mark is lit on the LCD, the comparator is in the
Hi-Lo mode. When the REF or % mark is lit, it is in the REF-%
mode.

16. Comparator configuration keys, comparator configuration
display

Page 33

Upper (HIGH) and lower (LOW) comparator limits and the
comparator reference value (REF) and range (%) can be set by
pressing keys corresponding to the various digits of the comparator
configuration display on the LCD

17. Buzzer key and buzzer mode display

Page 32

Pressing the buzzer key switches the buzzer mode that is set
dependent upon comparator results. When the

buzzer mark is
lit on the LCD, the buzzer is in the HL mode, and sounds when
the comparator result is HIGH or LOW. When the

buzzer
mark is lit on the LCD, the buzzer is in the IN mode, and sounds
when the comparator result is IN. When no buzzer mark is lit on
the LCD, the buzzer is in the OFF mode, and does not sound.

18. Battery mark

Page 77

The battery indicator appears when battery voltage becomes low.
Replace the batteries as soon as possible.
(Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure".)

___________________________________________________________________

2.1 Front Panel

___________________________________________________________________

11

2.2 Rear Panel

2.2.1 3540

TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack

2.2.2 3540-01

External connector (Page 40)

1. AUTO/MANU selection switch

External terminal (Page 39)

TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack

2.2.3 3540-02

Printer connector (Page 73)

1. AUTO/MANU selection switch

TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack

___________________________________________________________________

External terminal (Page 39)

2.2 Rear Panel

12

___________________________________________________________________

2.2.4 3540-03

RS-232C connector (Page 54)

1. AUTO/MANU selection switch

TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack

External terminal (Page 39)

1. AUTO/MANU selection switch Page 34

Selects the AUTO mode, for continuous comparator output
operation("normal" mode), or the MANU mode for comparator
output only when the MANU and GND terminals of the external
connector on the rear panel are shorted.

2. AC adapter jack

The 3540 can be operated from an AC power source by connecting
an AC adapter.
When using an AC adapter, use only the specified HIOKI model
9445-02, 9445-03 AC ADAPTER.
An AC adapter rated at 9 VDC and 1.4 A to the AC adapter
socket. The polarity of socket is center-plus.

___________________________________________________________________

2.2 Rear Panel

___________________________________________________________________

13

2.3 Top Case

Battery cover (Page 78)

___________________________________________________________________

2.3 Top Case

14

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2.3 Top Case

___________________________________________________________________

15

Chapter 3

Specifications

3.1 General Specifications

Measurement method
Operating method
Display

Auto range
Input overflow
Current abnormality
Sampling speed

Response time

Comparator

Temperature correction
function

External control

*1

*2

Four-terminal method
Dual integrator circuit
LCD display

Resistance measurement 3500 counts
Temperature measurement 999 counts

Provided (disabled when comparator is on)
"OF" display
"----" displayed (CCERR: external output*2)
Resistance measurement

"SLOW" 4 samples/sec
"FAST" 16 samples/sec

Temperature sampling 1 sample/sec
Resistance measurement

"SLOW" 300 msec
"FAST" 80 msec

Table storage of up to 7 configurations (table
externally selectable
Comparator results displayed by LED and
externally output (open collector*2)
Comparator modes (Hi-Lo/REF-%), Buzzer mode
(HL/IN/OFF)

Reference temperature 20oC (68 ), copper wire
(temperature coefficient: 3930 ppm)

TTL output

BCD

Open collector output

EOC, Hi, IN, Lo, CCERR
TTL input
TRIG, MANU, 0 ADJ, PRINT
comparator control

*3

)

*4

*3

, range control*3,

___________________________________________________________________

3.1 General Specifications

16

___________________________________________________________________

Interface
Printer
Power supply frequency
Overvoltage protection
Operating

temperature/humidity
Storage temperature/humidity

Operating Environment
Power source

AC adapter (option)

Maximum rated power
Continuous operating time

Dimensions

Mass

RS-232C interface
Centronics interface

*5

*4

50/60 Hz, switchable
30 VDC or ACpeak (circuit protection by fuse)
0to40oC (32 to 104 ), 80 %RH or less

(No condensing)

-10 to 50oC (14 to 122 ), 80 %RH or less
(No condensing)

Indoor < 2000 m ASL (6566 feet)
Six LR6 alkaline batteries or six R6P manganese

Batteries
Rated supply voltage 1.5 VDC x 6

9445-02 AC ADAPTER
9445-03 AC ADAPTER
Rated supply voltage of the AC adapter is 100 to
240 VAC. (Voltage fluctuations of 10% from the
rated supply voltage are taken into account.)
Rated supply frequency is 50/60 Hz.

5VA
LR6 Alkaline Batteries

Approx.7 hours

(30 m, 300 mΩ range, LED and buzzer: ON)

Approx.18 hours

(other ranges, LED and buzzer: ON)

R6P manganese Batteries

Approx.1.5 hours

(30 m, 300 mΩ range, LED and buzzer: ON)

Approx.6 hours

(other ranges, LED and buzzer: ON)

Approx. 215W x 61H x 213D mm
(8.46"W x 2.40"H x 8.39"D)

3540

Approx. 900 g (31.7 oz.)

3540-01, 3540-02, 3540-03

Approx. 1,000 g (35.3 oz.)

(Except for batteries)

___________________________________________________________________

3.1 General Specifications

___________________________________________________________________

17

Accessories

Options

Applicable standards

*1: Response time varies according to item being measured. Times

indicated are for measurement of a reference resistance.
*2: 3540-01, 3540-02, 3540-03 only.
*3: 3540-01 only.
*4: 3540-02 only.
*5: 3540-03 only.

9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD,
9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE,
Instruction Manual,
Six R6P manganese batteries,
Spare fuse to protect the circuit (F1.0 AH/250 V),
Ferrite clamp,
External connector socket

9445-02 AC ADAPTER,
9445-03 AC ADAPTER,
9452 CLIP TYPE LEAD,
9453 FOUR TERMINAL LEAD,
9455 PIN TYPE LEAD,
9460 CLIP TYPE LEAD WITH TEMPERATURE

SENSOR,
9461 PIN TYPE LEAD,
9467 LARGE CLIP TYPE LEAD,
9203 DIGITAL PRINTER,
9425 CONNECTION CABLE,
9233 RECORDING PAPER

Safety:

EN61010
Pollution Degree 2,

EMC:

EN61326
EN61000-3-2
EN61000-3-3
Effect of radiated radio-frequency
electromagnetic field at 3 V/m 30 dgt max.

*3

___________________________________________________________________

3.1 General Specifications

18

___________________________________________________________________

3.2 Measurement Range

Measurement condition

23 5 (73 9 ), 80 %RH or less

(No condensing) After zero adjustment

When the battery indicator not lighting

Pre-heating period
Effect of radiated radio-

30 minutes
At 3 V/m 30 dgt max.

frequency electromagnetic field

Resistance measurement (with sampling rate set to SLOW)

Range
Resolution
Measurement

current
Max. test

voltage
Accuracy

6month

Accuracy

1year

Temperature
coefficient

Open-terminal
voltage

30 mΩ 300 mΩ 3 Ω 30 Ω 300 Ω 3kΩ 30 kΩ

10 μΩ 100 μΩ 1mΩ 10 mΩ 100 mΩ 1 Ω 10 Ω

100 mA 1mA 10 μA

3.5 mV 35 mV 3.5 m V 35 mV 350 mV 35 mV 350 mV

0.1% rdg.

6 dgt.

0.15% rdg.

6 dgt.

0.1% rdg.

4 dgt.

0.15% rdg.

4 dgt.

0.1% rdg.

6 dgt.

0.15% rdg.

6 dgt.

0.1 %rdg. 4 dgt.

0.15 %rdg. 4 dgt.

0.02% rdg. 0.5 dgt./oC( )

4.0 Vmax.

* If the samplingrate is set to FAST, add 3dgt. to the digit accuracyerror.

___________________________________________________________________

3.2 Measurement Range

___________________________________________________________________

19

Temperature measurement and temperature correction

6month

Temperature correction accuracy

Temperature range

-10.0 to 39.9oC

(14.0 to 103.9

40.0 to 99.9oC

(104.0 to 211.9

Temperature
measurement accuracy

0.3 %rdg. 0.5

)

0.3 %rdg. 1.0

)

(Add the following values to the
accuracy specifications of the
resistance measurement)

o

C

o

C

0.3 %

0.6 %

1year

Temperature correction accuracy

Temperature range

-10.0 to 39.9oC

(14.0 to 103.9

40.0 to 99.9oC

(104.0 to 211.9

Temperature
measurement accuracy

0.45 %rdg. 0.8

)

0.45 %rdg. 1.5

)

(Add the following values to the
accuracy specifications of the
resistance measurement)

o

C

o

C

0.4 %

0.8 %

* For 3540 only, accuracy is 0.2oC for 6months ( 0.3oC for 1year) when connected

to a manufacturer-recommended temperature sensor (Pt). The temperature­measurement accuracy and temperature-correction accuracy above are those of 3540
combined with the results of the 9541 TEMPERATURE PROBE.

We define measurement tolerances in terms of rdg. (reading) and
dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings:
rdg. (reading or displayed value)
The value currently being measured and indicated on the
measuring product/ instrument.
dgt. (resolution)
The smallest displayable unit on a digital measuring product/
instrument, i.e., the input value that causes the digital display to
show a "1" as the least-significant digit.

___________________________________________________________________

3.2 Measurement Range

20

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3.2 Measurement Range

___________________________________________________________________

21

Chapter 4

Operating Procedure

4.1 Preparing Measurement

The 3540 works on battery power.
Refer to the section on battery replacement when installing
batteries into the battery compartment while.
(Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure".)
When connecting the AC adapter, first make sure the POWER
switch is OFF, then insert the jack of AC adapter socket, connect
the AC adapter body to the AC power source, and finally turn ON
the

POWER

switch.

NOTE

___________________________________________________________________

Since power consumption is high in the case of 3540-01, 3540-02
and 3540-03, batteries will be exhausted quickly.
For exhausted manganese batteries, the battery voltage fluctuates
greatly depending on the current retrieved.
Therefore, when measuring using manganese batteries, even when
the battery voltage is adequately secured at a measurement current
of 1 mA, at 100 mA the battery voltage will not be sufficient,
causing the power supply to cut off or the LCD to keep repeating
a cycle of blinking and disappearing.

4.1 Preparing Measurement

22

S

S

___________________________________________________________________

4.1.1 Measurement Leads

Connect the leads as shown in the following figure :

The side with "v" mark is SENSE.

ENSE

Red

OURCE

SENSE

SOURCE

Black

When clipping a thin line

(Clip the line at the tip,

serrated part of the jaws.)

The cable part of the lead is shielded.
For user-made leads, take the following precautions when the leads :
(1) A shield must be applied. (Refer to the follow figure.)
(2) The cable length must be 5 m or less (The resistance of the

wire material should be 100 mΩ/m or less.)

SENSE (V)

Red

SOURCE

SENSE (V)

Black

SOURCE

Shield

Red

SOURCE

Black

When clipping a thick line

(Clip the line at the deep,

non-serrated part of the jaws.)

SENSE

SOURCE

SENSE

SOURCE

SENSE
SOURCE

SENSE

u

Red

u

Black

Total Shield

___________________________________________________________________

4.1 Preparing Measurement

___________________________________________________________________

23

4.1.2 About the Temperature Probe

When using the 9451
TEMPERATURE PROBE, loop
the probe cable once around the
provided ferrite clamp and fasten it
as shown in the figure.

4.1.3 Instrument Handle

CAUTION

When using the handle as a stand for the device, do not
press down too hard on the device as this can damage
the handle.

The handle can be used as a stand. Pull both ends of the handle
outward to release it and rotate it to the desired position. Then,
push the ha ndle inward to lock it in place. The handle can be
locked at interval of 22.5 degrees.

Rotate pitch : 22.5 degrees

___________________________________________________________________

4.1 Preparing Measurement

24

___________________________________________________________________

4.2 Resistance Measurement

(1) Plug the leads into the input terminals.

Make the connection by mating the red
Make the connection by mating the black
and the leads. (See the Figure below.)

(2) Select the range.
(3) Zero adjust (0 ADJ) the instrument referring to subsection 4.2.3.
(4) Connect the lead clips to the device to be measured, and read the

measurement value.

marks on the leads.

marks on the unit

___________________________________________________________________

4.2 Resistance Measurement

___________________________________________________________________

25

4.2.1 Setting the Power Supply Frequency

CAUTION

To properly suppress noise, this product must be set to
match the power supply frequency. Before using the
product, make sure the power supply frequency selector
is set correctly, to avoid erroneous readings.

First press the SHIFT key, then press 50/60Hz .Aftera
moment, the selected power supply frequency appears on the LCD
as shown in the example below.

The power supply setting also appears for a moment after the 3540
is powered up, allowing you to verify the current setting.

___________________________________________________________________

4.2 Resistance Measurement

26

___________________________________________________________________

4.2.2 Changing the Measurement Range

Manual range

The measurement range is changed by pressing the
key.
Pressing the

key cycles the range selection through the
sequence from 30 mΩ, to 300 mΩ, and so forth up to 30 kΩ.
Pressing the

key cycles the range selection through the
sequence from 30 kΩ,to3kΩ, and so forth down to 30 mΩ.

Auto range

Pressing the AUTO

key toggles auto range selection on or off.

When auto range selection is on, the AUTO mark lights on the
LCD as shown below and the measurement range is selected
automatically as appropriate for the value of the resistance being
measured.
Auto range selection can be turned off by pressing the
keys.

or

or

Auto range selectionManual range selection

NOTE

With the 3540-01, the measurement range can be selected by
range control signal through the external connector on the rear
panel. However, when the measurement range is selected by range
control signal, the setting cannot be changed from the front panel.
Auto range selection is not possible during comparator operation.

___________________________________________________________________

4.2 Resistance Measurement

___________________________________________________________________

27

4.2.3 Zero Adjust Function

Zero adjustment is performed by shorting the test leads, then
pressing first the SHIFT
is only possible with a reading of 100 counts or less.)

Connect the test leads as shown below. The connection must be
made exactly as shown; otherwise, altered lead resistance will
make i t impossible to obtain correct measurement.

With the 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03, zero adjustment can also
be performed by shorting the 0 ADJ and GND terminals on the
rear panel terminal strip.

key, then the 0ADJ .(Zeroadjustment

SENSE

SOURCE

Red

NOTE

NOTE

SENSE

SOURCE

Black

Bring the "v" marks together at the same position.

SENSE

SOURCE

Red

Wrong connectionRight connection

SOURCE

SENSE

Black

If leads other than the specified ones are used, connect as shown
in the following figure.

SOURCE : HSENSE : L

SOURCE : LSENSE : H

connectionconnection

The following is displayed on the LCD during 0 ADJ.

___________________________________________________________________

4.2 Resistance Measurement

28

___________________________________________________________________

NOTE

The zero adjust value is maintained internally even when the
power is turned off. However, note that zero adjustment must be
performed for each measurement range to be used.

4.2.4 Switching the Sampling Speed

Pressing the SAMPL
two settings, FAST and SLOW.
FAST setting

16 samples/sec FAST mark lights on LCD

SLOW setting

4 samples/sec FAST mark does not light on LCD

key toggles the sampling speed between

SLOW settingFAST setting

4.2.5 Hold Function

Pressing the HOLD
holds the current measurement value of the display.
With the 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03, shorting the TRIG and
GND terminals on the rear panel terminal strip with display in the
hold state results in taking of one measurement, after which
display returns to the hold state.
Normal (free-running) measurement resumes when the hold state is
canceled.

___________________________________________________________________

4.2 Resistance Measurement

key lights the HOLD mark on the LCD and

___________________________________________________________________

29

4.2.6 Overload Indicator

If the input overloads, the following mark is displayed on the
LCD.

4.2.7 Current Abnormality (CCERR) Detection
Function

If any abnormality is detected in the regularity of current in the
power supply, the curr ent abnormality detection circuit operates
and the symbols indicating CCERR, as shown below, is displayed
on the LCD to advise of current abnormality.
With the 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03, the CCERR signal is
output from the CCERR terminal on the rear panel. (Refer to
"Chapter 5 External Control Features".)

Conditions when current abnormality display

(1) When the resistance being measured is large with respect to the

range
Example: When a 30 Ω resistance is measured in the 30 mΩ

range.

(2) When the test leads are shorted (and only SOURCE is

detected)

(3) When any of the four terminals on the front panel is not

properly connected
(4) When there is an open lead condition
(5) When the fuse is burned out

(Refer to "8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure".)

___________________________________________________________________

4.2 Resistance Measurement

30

___________________________________________________________________

4.3 Comparator Function

The 3540 allows storing of up to 7 comparator configuration
tables. Each table can hold the comparator configuration for
measurement range, comparator mode, buzzer and mode.
The results of co mparison are indicated by buzzer, as well as by
lighting of the Hi, IN, and Lo LEDs. With the 3540-01 and 3540­02, results ca n also be output through the terminal strip on the rear
panel by open collector.
Refer to "5.4.2 O u tputting Measurement Results" regarding
comparator output to the external terminal strip.

NOTE

Auto range selection is canceled if used together with the
comparator.
Since the measurement range is also saved with the comparator
table, switching the comparator table also switches the
measurement range.
If the measurement range is switched during comparator
operation, the measurement range information in the
corresponding comparator table is also changed.
With the 3540-01, the comparator table can be controlled with the
comparator control signal through the external connector on the
rear panel.
However, when the comparator table is selected by the comparator
control signal, the selection cannot be changed with the keys on
the front panel.

___________________________________________________________________

4.3 Comparator Function

___________________________________________________________________

31

4.3.1 Using the Comparator

Pressing the COMP key lights the comparator display on the
LCD and starts the comparator function, allowing you to make
comparative measurements
Pressing the COMP

key a second time turns off the comparator.

4.3.2 Selecting the Comparator Table

The 3540 allows saving up to 7 tables of comparator
configurations. The comparator configuration is switched by
pressing the TABLE
numbers in the sequence from 1 through 7, then to 1 again.

key to cycle through the comparator table

4.3.3 Selecting the Comparator Mode

Pressing the HI/REF
currently selected comparator table.
Comparator modes that can be selected are the Hi-Lo mode, in
which comparison is done usi ng upper (HIGH) and lower (LOW)
limits, and the REF-% mode, in which comparison is based on a
reference value (REF) or range (%). With operation in the REF-%
mode, the measured value is displayed as a deviation (as a
percentage of reference value).

___________________________________________________________________

key switches the comparator mode of the

The REF-% modeThe Hi-Lo mode

4.3 Comparator Function

32

___________________________________________________________________

4.3.4 Selecting the Buzzer Mode

Pressing the buzzer key switches the buzzer mode of the currently
displayed comparator table.
Available buzzer modes are the HL mode, in which the buzzer
sounds when comparison results are "Hi" or "Lo"; the IN mode, in
which the buzzer sounds when the comparison result is "IN"; and
the OFF mode, in which the buzzer never sounds.

The HL mode

The IN mode

The OFF mode

___________________________________________________________________

4.3 Comparator Function

___________________________________________________________________

33

4.3.5 Configuring the Comparison Values

With the Hi-Lo comparator

The upper (HIGH) and lower (LOW) limit values are set using the
comparator configuration keys. The configuration range in counts
is from 0 to 9999. (A count is the number resulting after any
decimal point and unit are eliminated from a numeric value

With the REF-% comparator

The reference value (REF) and range (%) are set using the
comparator configuration keys. The configuration range in counts
is 0 to 9999 counts for the reference value (REF), and from 0.0%
to 999.9% for the range (%).
For the REF-% comparator, the following upper and lower limits
are used for comparison.

Upper limit = REF + (REF x % / 100)
Lower limit = REF - (REF x % / 100)

The standard for comparator evaluation is as shown below.

Range of measured values Comparator result

Upper limit < Measured value Hi
Lower limit ≦ Measured value ≦ Upper limit IN
Measured value < Lower limit Lo

LED display for the various comparator results is as follows.

LoINHi

NOTE

If the value set for the lower limit is greater than that set for the
upper limit, the 3540 reverses the values for comparison, taking
the lower limit as the upper limit and vice versa.
If the input limit is exceeded, the comparator result is Hi.
No comparator result is produced if there is a current abnormality.

___________________________________________________________________

4.3 Comparator Function

34

___________________________________________________________________

4.3.6 Outputting Comparator Results

Comparator results can be output using either of two modes: the
auto mode or the manual mode.
With the 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03, the external control
mode can be selected using the AUTO/MANU selector switch on
the rear panel.
With the 3540, output always uses the auto mode.

Auto mode (AUTO)

During comparator operation, comparator results are output
continuously through the LED, buzzer, and (with the 3540-01,
3540-02 and 3540-03) the comparator result signal terminals (Hi,
IN, Lo) on the rear panel.

Manual mode (MANU)

In the manual mode, comparator output to an external source is
canceled. Comparison results for any desired period can be
obtained by shorting the MANU and GND terminals on the rear
panel terminal strip. Output is canceled when the short is broken.

___________________________________________________________________

4.3 Comparator Function

___________________________________________________________________

35

4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)

This function uses the principle of temperature correction (refer to
"1.2 Temperature Correction Function") to convert the resistance
of copper wire to its 20
Connect the 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE to the TC sensor jack
on the rear panel. For connection p rocedures, refer to "4.5
Temperature Measurement".
When the 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE is connected, pressing
the TC
temperature correction (display as s hown below).

If the temperature probe is not connected or is connected
incorrectly, when the TC
displayed instead. If temperature correction is not performed as
expected, check connection of the temperature probe.
For error messages, refer to "8.4 Error Code Table".

key lights the TC mark on the LCD and performs

equivalent resistance.

key is pressed, and an error message is

NOTE

___________________________________________________________________

The temperature probe is not designed to sense surface
temperature. It should only be used to sense ambient air
temperature.
Note also that unless both the sample and the probe have
completely adjusted to the ambient air temperature, the reading

error will be large.
Prior to use, the temperature probe should be connected to the
3540, and both should be allowed to warm up at least 30 minutes.

The temperature probe should be connected or disconnected with

the power of the unit OFF.

Note also that the temperature probe is not watertight. Therefore,

do not allow the instrument to get wet or be immersed in water or

any other fluid.

Large measurement error will result if the temperature probe is not

inserted fully into the tc sensor jack.

4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)

36

___________________________________________________________________

4.5 Temperature Measurement

Turn the power off. And connect the TC adapter as a following
this Figure.

Temperature probe

TC sensor jack

Plug into the TC sensor jack on the panel

NOTE

After turning on the power a nd pressing SHIFT

TEMP

, ambient temperature is sensed by the temperature probe

followed by

and displayed as follows.

If the temperature probe is not connected or is connected
incorrectly, temperature measurement is not performed when the

TEMP

key is pressed, and an "

o

" is displayed instead.

C

If temperature correction is not performed as expected, check
connection of the temperature probe.
For error messages, refer to "8.4 Error Code Table".
After completing the temperature measurement, to proceed to the
resistance measurement, press the SHIFT

TEMP

key.

key followed by

Accurate temperature measurement are not possible if the sheath
of the temperature probe is held with bare fingers.
The temperature probe should be connected or disconnected with
the power of the unit OFF.
Note also that the temperature probe is not watertight. Therefore,
do not allow the instrument to get wet or be immersed in water or
any other fluid.

___________________________________________________________________

4.5 Temperature Measurement

___________________________________________________________________

37

Chapter 5

External Control

Features

This chapter explains external control features of the 3540-01,
3540-02 and3540-03.
The rear panel of the 3540-01 is equipped with external connectors
(for BCD output, range and comparator control, etc.), and a n
external terminal strip (for trigger input, comparator output, and so
forth). The 3540-02 and 3540-03 also has an external terminal
strip for functions such as trigger input and comparator output.

___________________________________________________________________

38

___________________________________________________________________

5.1 Connectors

The 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03 are equipped wit h external
connectors and/or terminals. Signals assigned to these terminals
can be used to control operation of the 3540 or determine its
status.
Functions of the various terminals and procedures for using the
corresponding signals are described below.

WARNING

Always observe the following precautions when
connecting to an external terminal or external
connectors. Failure to do so may result in electric
shock or damage to the equipment.

Always turn off the power to the unit and to any

connected device before making connections.

___________________________________________________________________

5.1 Connectors

___________________________________________________________________

y

39

5.1.1 The External Terminal

The External Terminal (3540-01 and 3540-03)

INPUT OUTPUT

The External Terminal (3540-02)

INPUT OUTPUT

Signals Input and output Signals Input and output

GND Ground Hi

5V Power supply IN

TRIG

MANU EOC

0ADJ CCERR

PRINT*

TTL input

Lo

Open collector

output

* 3540-02 onl

___________________________________________________________________

5.1 Connectors

40

___________________________________________________________________

5.1.2 The External Connectors

Using connector

: DCLC-J37SAF-13L9 (made by J a pan aviation

electron) 37 p ins receptacle

Adaptive pin

: FDCD-37P (made by HIROSE) 37 pins plug

* A plug with FDCD-37P type compatible pins is provided with

the 3540-01. For details on the compatible pins and use of the
plug, refer to "5.2.2 External Connectors".

19 1

37 20

Pin

number

Input

and

output
1
2 BCD(103digit)-bit 2

3 BCD(103digit)-bit 1
4 BCD(103digit)-bit 0
5 BCD(102digit)-bit 3

TTL

6 BCD(102digit)-bit 2

output
7 BCD(102digit)-bit 1

8 BCD(102digit)-bit 0
9 BCD(101digit)-bit 3

10 BCD(101digit)-bit 2
11 DP 1
12
13 RANGE 1
14 RANGE 2
15
16
17
18

19

TTL

input

power

source

Signals Signals

BCD(103digit)-bit 3

RANGE 0

5V

Input

and

output

BCD(101digit)-bit 1
BCD(101digit)-bit 0 21
BCD(100digit)-bit 3 22
BCD(100digit)-bit 2 23
BCD(100digit)-bit 1 24
BCD(100digit)-bit 0 25

CCERR 26

EOC 27
GND Ground 28

NC NC 29
DP 0
DP 2 31

COMP 0
COMP 1 33
COMP 2 34

GND Ground

TTL

output

TTL

output

TTL

input

Pin

number

20

30

32

35
36
37

NC: not connected

___________________________________________________________________

5.1 Connectors

___________________________________________________________________

41

5.2 Connections to Terminals

5.2.1 The External Terminal

(1) Use suitable wires bared at their ends for a length of about 10 mm.
(2) As shown in Figure, depress the knob on the terminal with a

screwdriver, and push the end of the wire into the connection hole.
(3) Release the screwdriver, and the wires will be locked into place.
(4) Use the same procedure to remove the wires

Recommended wire

Usable limits

Strand diameter
Standard insulation stripping length

Button pressing tool

Single strand
Multi strand

Single strand

Multi strand

: Blade screwdriver (tip width 2.6 mm)

: 1.0 mm dia. (AWG #18)

: 0.75 mm

2

: 0.4 to 1.0 mm dia.

(AWG #26 to #18)

: 0.3 to 0.75 mm

2

(AWG #22 to #20)

: mini mum 0. 18 mm

: 10 mm

___________________________________________________________________

5.2 Connections to Terminals

42

___________________________________________________________________

5.2.2 External Connectors

(1) Make connections to the compatible pins as appropriate for the pin

assignments of the external connector.
(2) Plug the connector wired in (1) firmly into the external connector.
(3) Fasten the plug to the external connector with screws (M2.6).

About the accessory plug

The connector plug (FDCD-37P) provided with the 3540-01 is

equipped with a flat cable pressure connector. Use the following

flat ribbon cable with this connector.

Cable pitch

Core wire

Insulation thickness

: 1.27 mm or 1.38 mm

: AWG#26 to #28 (stranded or single core)

: 0.8 mm to 1 mm

NOTE

A special tool is required in order to make flat cable pressure
connections.
Consult the connector maker for the tool and how to make
connections.
A wide variety of other connectors are available from various
manufacturers which can be used in place of the connector
provided. These include solder connection type connectors,
pressure fitted connectors, and connectors with various types of
covers.
See the various manufacturers' catalogs for connectors that can be
used in place of the one provided.

___________________________________________________________________

5.2 Connections to Terminals

___________________________________________________________________

43

5.3 Electrical Specification

5.3.1 Power Supply Rating

NOTE

5V

GND

The maxi mum capacity of this power supply is about 200 mA.
In situati ons requiring more power, use an external power supply.
If transitory current is required, insert an electrolytic capacitor
between 5 V and GND.
Since GND is insulated from the measurement circuit, do not
connect the measurement system to GND.
The voltage (5 V) varies a maximum of approximately 20%
according to the size of the load current on the power supply.
(Approximately 4 V to approximately 6 V) For example, the
power supply voltage will fall below 5 V if the load current
increases.

Power supply (GND + Approx. 5 V)
Approx. 200 mA max.

Ground (0 V)

___________________________________________________________________

5.3 Electrical Specification

44

___________________________________________________________________

5.3.2 Input/output Ratings

WARNING

NOTE

The ratings given here are absolute maximums. This
means that exceeding these values, even momentarily,
may result in damage to the circuits. Always ensure
that applied voltage and current are below the rated
values.
However, with TTL output, never apply polarized
voltage or current.

Input/output type

TTL input

TTL output 5V 0V

Absolute maximum

rating

5 V, 20 mA max.

Open collector output 35 V, 50 mA max. ON OFF

Signal logic

Valid Invalid

0V 5V

Signal logic refers to the signal state in which the function
indicated by the signal is becomes valid.
With open collector signals, the output transistor acts as a switch
between the output signal and GND inside the 3540. When output
is "valid", the switch goes ON and current flows inside the 3540
from the output signal to GND.
Accordingly, this type of output can be used to control connected
LEDs or contact relays, provided that s uch devices operate on less
than 35 V, 50 mA. However, if a relay is connected, be sure to
insert a diode to absorb counter electromotive force.
Multiple open collector outputs can be connected together for use.
This produces a wired OR configuration in which a "valid" signal
any one on the connected outputs will produce a "valid" result.
For example, if a "valid" result is desired from the Hi and Lo
comparator results, connect the Hi and Lo open collector outputs.

35 V max.

5V

Limiting
resistor

Diode

Output

OR output

Output

LED connection Relay connection Wired OR

LED

Output

50 mA max.

Relay

GND

Output

___________________________________________________________________

5.3 Electrical Specification

___________________________________________________________________

45

5.3.3 Internal Circuit

5V 5V

H-CMOS

0.1 μF

4.7 KΩ

22 Ω

5V

Input

H-CMOS

4.7 KΩ

22 Ω

5V

Output

TRIG, 0 ADJ,
PRINT only

GND

Protection
diode

TTL input circuit

10.5 kΩ

GND

7.2 kΩ
3kΩ

GND

Open corrector output circuit

GND

protection
diode

TTL output circuit

Output

GND

GND

___________________________________________________________________

5.3 Electrical Specification

46

___________________________________________________________________

5.4 Using the Signals

This section explains how to use the 3540's various signals and
shows the signals' timing charts.

NOTE

Since the timing charts indicate the logic of the signals, the high
line positions are "valid" and the low line positions are "invalid."
Note that the positions of the lines are not related to the signal
(voltage) levels.
In the I/O code explanation s (for measurement range and
comparator), "0" indicates 0 V, and "1" indicates 5 V.
For an explanation of the signal logic, refer to "5.1 Connectors"
and "5.3 Electrical Specifications".
Refer to "Chapter 4 Operating Procedure" regarding instrument
settings such as the comparator configuration.
The timings shown in the timing charts assume that no key input
is taking place.

___________________________________________________________________

5.4 Using the Signals

___________________________________________________________________

47

5.4.1 Measurement Control

With measurement in the hold state

In the hold state, measurement starts when TRIG becomes valid,
then EOC becomes valid when measurement ends. EOC then
remains valid until the next time TRIG becomes valid.

TRIG

EOC

Measurement Measurement

5msmin.

FAST: 65 ms max.
SLOW: 260 ms max.

Until TRIG becomes valid

NOTE

FAST: 25 ms min.
SLOW: 115ms min.

During measurement, EOC is also invalidated when the next
TRIG signal is input.

With free-running measurement

With free-running measurement, the 3540 measures repeatedly at
the internal sampling rate, with EOC becoming valid each time
measurement ends.

EOC

Measurement Measurement Measurement

FAST: 65 ms max.
SLOW: 260 ms max.

___________________________________________________________________

5.4 Using the Signals

48

___________________________________________________________________

Changing the measurement range

The measurement range used by the 3540 change be changed
using signals RANGE 0 to RANGE 2.

NOTE

RANGE 0 to 2

FAST: 400 ms max.
SLOW: 550 ms max.

Range code a Range code b

Range a Range b

RANGE 2 RANGE 1 RANGE 0

1 1 0 30 mΩ
1 0 1 300 mΩ
1 0 0 3 Ω
0 1 1 30 Ω
0 1 0 300 Ω
0 0 1 3kΩ
0 0 0 30 kΩ

1 1 1

Measurement

range

No range

control

After switching range codes, up to 550 ms are required for the
internal circuitry to stabilize. Therefore, no measurement should
be taken for at least 550 ms after switching range codes.

Zero adjustment

Zero adjustment is possible using 0 ADJ.

0 ADJ

Zero adjustment Measurement

5msmin.

10 ms max.

NOTE

Measurement is not possible during zero adjustment.
Wait at least 10 ms after completing zero adjustment before
taking measurements.

___________________________________________________________________

5.4 Using the Signals

___________________________________________________________________

49

Changing the Comparator Table

The comparator table used by the 3540 can be changed using
signals COMP 0 to COMP 2.

COMP 0 to 2 Table code a Table code b

NOTE

FAST: 400 ms max.
SLOW: 550 ms msx.

COMP 2 COMP 1 COMP 0

1 1 0 No. 1
1 0 1 No. 2
1 0 0 No. 3
0 1 1 No. 4
0 1 0 No. 5
0 0 1 No. 6
0 0 0 No. 7

1 1 1

Table a Table b

Comparator

table

No comparator

control

After switching comparator table, up to 550 ms are required for
the internal circuitry to stabilize. Therefore, no measurement
should be taken for at least 550 ms after switching comparator
table.

Printing (with the 3540-02 only)

Measurements displayed can be output to a printer connected to
the printer connector using the PRINT signal.
Refer to "Chapter 7 Printers".

PRINT

Measurement result Measurement result a Measurement result b Result c

Printout of a Printout of b

5msmax.

NOTE

Output of any previous printout must be completed before
printing the next measurement.
Print time varies according to the speed of the connected printer.
Printout of the measurement displayed starts when the PRINT
signal becomes valid. Before starting printing, check the EOC
signal to verify that measurement has been completed.

___________________________________________________________________

5.4 Using the Signals

50

___________________________________________________________________

5.4.2 Outputting Measurement Results

Measurement output in the auto mode
(outputting comparator results)

In the auto mode, comparator results (Hi, IN, Lo) and result data
of measurements (BCD, DP) are output when EOC becomes valid
after measurement is completed.
Comparator results and measurement data should be taken after
EOC becomes valid (at the signal's rising edge).

EOC

Measurement result

1msmax.

Previous measurement

result

Measurement a

Result of measurement a

Measurement b

Result of measurement b

Measurement c

Measurement output in the manual mode
(outputting comparator results)

In the manual mode, comparator results (Hi, IN, Lo) are output
only when the MANU signal becomes valid. Measurement data
(BCD, DP) is output continuously.

MANU

Comparator result

Measurement result

___________________________________________________________________

5.4 Using the Signals

___________________________________________________________________

51

Output during current abnormalities

When a current abnormality occurs (when the resistance being
measured is unchucked), the CCERR signal becomes valid. When
this happens, the all comparator result output becomes invalid.

CCERR

Comparator result

Measurement result

Chucked Unchecked Chucked

1msmax.

1msmax.

NOTE

Comparator results are output even if CCERR becomes valid.
However, comparator results are not output if CCERR is valid
when measurement starts.

About the measurement data

Measurement data is output as 4 digits (each of which is
represented by 4 bits) of BCD data indicating the display count of
the measured value, and as a 3-bit DP code indicating the range.
Meanings of the BCD and DP output codes are as follows.

BCD bits

3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 6
0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 7
0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 8
0 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 9

Number

BCD bits

Number

Meanings of BCD digit codes

___________________________________________________________________

5.4 Using the Signals

52

___________________________________________________________________

DP 2 DP 1 DP 0

0 0 0 30 mΩ
0 0 1 300 mΩ
0 1 0 3 Ω
0 1 1 30 Ω
1 0 0 300 Ω
1 0 1 3kΩ
1 1 0 30 kΩ

Measurement

range

Exponent

-5

x 10

-4

x 10

-3

x 10

-2

x 10

-1

x 10

0

x 10

1

x 10

Meanings of DP codes

Measured values are expressed as follows by the BCD and DP
codes.

3

Measured value = {BCD(10

x 10
+BCD(10

digit)

3

+BCD(102digit) x 10

0

digit) x 100} x (exponent indicated

2

+BCD(101digit) x 10

by DP code)

For example, when the numbers indicated by BCD digits (10

0

) are 00 01, 0010, 0011, and 0100 and the DP code is 001, the

(10
display count of the measured value is 1234, the measurement

-4

range is 300 m, and the exponent is x 10

, giving a measured

value as follows.

-4

Measured value = 1234 x 10

= 0.1234 (Ω) = 123.4 (mΩ)

3

)to

1

NOTE

The BCD code "9999" is output with OF or CCERR.

___________________________________________________________________

5.4 Using the Signals

___________________________________________________________________

53

Chapter 6

RS-232C Interface

6.1 Specifications

6.1.1 RS-232C Settings

The RS-232C settings of the 3540-03 are as follows. Since the
3540 settings are fixed and cannot be changed, these settings must
be matched on the computer side.

Transmission mode:
Transfer rate:
Data length:
Parity:
Stop bit:
Hand shake:
Delimiter:

8

None

1

X flow, hardware flow and none

CR, CR+LF for reception

Start-stop synchronization, full duplex

9600

CR+LF for transmission

6.1.2 Electrical Characteristics

Input voltage level
Output voltage level (load

resistance 3 kΩ to 7 kΩ)

___________________________________________________________________

+5 V to +15 V

-15 V to -5 VONOFF
+5 V to +9 V

-9 V to -5 V

ON
OFF

6.1 Specifications

54

___________________________________________________________________

6.1.3 Connector

Pin arrangement of interface connector (D-sub 9-Pin male)

1 5

6 9

The signal lines of the 3540-03's RS-232C connector are as
follows.

Pin number Signal I/O Contents

2 RxD IN Incoming data
3 TxD OUT Outgoing data
5 GND GND Signal ground

Other pins are not used

6.1.4 Connection Method

Use a cross cable for connecting to the computer.
The outgoing data and the incoming data will cross and there is no

need to make other connections provided the signal ground wire is
connected.

Computer

RxD

3540

TxD

GND

For the flow control on the computer side, hardware flow must be
set to OFF.

Connecting cable

Connector on cable side
Connection
Compatible cable for connection to PC/AT compatible PC

: Reverse connection

: D-Sub 9-Pin female

9637 RS-232C CABLE

___________________________________________________________________

6.1 Specifications

RxD
TxD
GND

:

___________________________________________________________________

55

6.2 Communication Method

6.2.1 Connection to Computer

Connect the 3540-03 to the computer using a cross cable.

RS-232C
cross cable

3540

Perform the RS-232C settings on the computer side.
For details on how to make the settings, refer to the instruction
manual for the computer.

6.2.2 Command Transfer Method

The command is issued from the computer.
When the 3540 receives the incoming command from the
computer, it executes the processing specified by the command.
When 3540 has completed processing of the command, it always
returns a response to the computer.
When the computer has confirmed the response, it sends the next
command.

NOTE

Every time the computer has sent a command, a response is always
returned.
Make sure that the computer only sends the next command after it
has received the response to the previous command issued from the

3540.
If multiple commands are sent consecutively, the 3540 may not
execute the commands or command errors may occur.

Computer

___________________________________________________________________

6.2 Communication Method

56

___________________________________________________________________

6.2.3 Command Format

The 3540 commands have the following structure.

Command + parameter + delimiter

The command and the parameter are separated by ""(one
character space).
If there is no parameter, send the delimiter after the command.
The command may consist of both upper and lower case letters.
Make sure to use one character space as the separator between the
command and the parameter.

When the command contains a parameter

In the case of
"rng 0" (+ delimiter)
the command format consists of the command "rng" followed by
the separator "". Then follows the parameter "0" . Following the
parameter comes the delimiter.

When the command contains no parameter

"adj" (+ delimiter)
the command format consists of the command "adj" immediately
followed by the delimiter.

NOTE

The meaning of the delimiter is to separate commands and data.
When the 3540 receives the delimiter, it starts analysis of the
command.

___________________________________________________________________

6.2 Communication Method

___________________________________________________________________

57

6.2.4 Response Format

When a command is sent to 3540, 3540 processes the command.
When processing is completed, 3540 always returns a response.

When there is no information from 3540,

OK (+ delimiter)

When there is information from 3540
(measurement values, etc.),

Response character string related to the command (+ delimiter)

When the command contained an error,

CMD ERR (+ delimiter): Command error
EXEC ERR (+ delimiter): Execution error

6.2.5 Delimiter

Depending on transmission direction, the delimiter is as follows.

From computer to 3540
From 3540 to computer

: CR or CR+LF
: CR+LF

___________________________________________________________________

6.2 Communication Method

58

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

6.3.1 Explanation of Command References

Syntax
<data>
Response
Function
Error
Example

Describes the syntax of the command.
Explains the parameter data.

Explains the received data.

Explains the actions specified by the command.

Describes errors that may occur when the command is executed.

Command execution examples.

PC> denotes command from the computer.
3540> denotes command from 3540.

NOTE

The setting conditions and comparator data are written to the non­volatile memory in the 3540 main unit 5 seconds after the settings
have been made (no key operations should be performed during this
interval).

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

___________________________________________________________________

59

6.3.2 Command References

RESET

Initializes the settings

Syntax
Response
Function

Example

RESET

OK Initialization completed

Initializes the settings of the 3540

Measurement mode Resistance measurement mode
Measurement range 30 mΩ range
Sampling speed SLOW
Hold function Free-running (hold state canceled)
Comparator Comparator not used

Table No. 1
Comparator mode Hi-Lo comparator
Comparison values HIGH, LOW, REF, % = [0000]

Buzzer mode OFF
Temperature correction function (TC) OFF
Zero adjuster data 0 count reading for entire range.
Power supply frequency 50 Hz

Executing initialization.

PC >RESET Execute initialization
3540 >OK Initialization completed.

RMES

Resistance measurement value

Syntax
Response
<data>

Function

Example

___________________________________________________________________

RMES

<rdata>

<rdata>

Resistance measurement value (see "6.3.3 Received Data".)

Obtains the latest resistance measurement value and comparator

result.

Obtaining resistance measurement value.

PC >RMES Obtain measurement value.
3540 > 15.72E-03 Measurement value: 15.72 mΩ

6.3 Command

60

___________________________________________________________________

TMES

Temperature measurement value

Syntax
Response
<data>

Function
Examples

TMES

<tdata>

<tdata>

Temperature measurement value (See "6.3.3 Received Data".)

Obtains the latest temperature measurement value

Obtaining temperature measurement values.

PC >TMES Obtain measurement value.
3540 > 25.6 Temperature measurement value 25.6
PC >TMES Obtain measurement value
3540 >- 5.1 Temperature measurement value -5.1

o

C

o

C

TRG

Trigger measurement

Syntax
Response
<data>

Function

Example

TRG

<rdata>

<rdata>

Resistance measurement value (See "6.3.3 Received Data".)

During measurement hold, measurement is performed once and

this result is captured.
In the free-running state, the newest resistance measurement value
is captured.

Obtaining the resistance measurement value.

PC >TRG Obtain measurement value
3540 > 15.72E-03 Resistance measurement value

15.72 mΩ

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

___________________________________________________________________

61

EOC

Resistance measurement end confirmation

Syntax
Response

Function

Example

Note

EOC

ON Resistance measurement completed
OFF Resistance measurement unfinished

Checks whether the resistance measurement is completed.

The condition of the measurement completed is cleared when the
data is readout with this command.

Checks whether the resistance measurement is completed.

PC >EOC Checks whether the resistance measurement is
completed.
3540 >ON Resistance measurement is completed.
PC >EOC Checks whether the resistance measurement is
completed.
3540 >OFF Resistance measurement is not completed.

The EOC command is ineffective in versions 1.02 or before.

In this case, the command error "CMD ERR" occurs when the
EOC command is transmitted.
The version number of 3540 is displayed on the lower right of the
LCD, when powering on.

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

62

___________________________________________________________________

ADJ

Zero-adjust

Syntax
Response

Function
Error

Examples

ADJ

OK Zero adjustment completed

EXEC ERR Zero adjustment execution error

Executes zero adjustment

When attempts are made to perform zero adjustment with a

reading exceeding 100 counts, the zero adjustment error is
generated and zero adjustment is prevented. In these cases, the
execution error is returned as the response.

Executing zero adjustment.

PC >ADJ Execute zero adjustment.
3540 >OK Zero adjustment execution completed.
PC >ADJ Execute zero adjustment.
3540 >EXEC ERR Zero adjustment execution error

FUNC

Function settings

Syntax
<data>

Response
Function

Example

FUNC <func data>
<func data >

0: resistance measurement mode
1: temperature measurement mode

OK Function switch completed.

Sets the measurement mode to resistance measurement or

temperature measurement.

Setting to temperature measurement mode.

PC >FUNC 1 Set to temperature measurement mode.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

___________________________________________________________________

63

RNG

Range setting

Syntax
<data>

Response

Function

Example

RNG <range data>
<func data >

0: 30.00 mΩ
1: 300.0 mΩ
2: 3.000 Ω
3: 30.00 Ω
4: 300.0 Ω
5: 3.000 kΩ
6: 30.00 kΩ

OK Switch of range for resistance measurement

completed.

Sets the range to the specified resistance measurement range.

When the comparator is ON, the comparator data range
information is set to t his range.

Setting the resistance measurement range to the 30 Ω range.

PC >RNG 3 Set to 30 Ω range.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

SMP

Sampling setting

Syntax
<data>

Response
Function
Example

___________________________________________________________________

SMP <sample data>
<func data >

0: SLOW
1: FAST

OK Sampling speed switch completed.

Sets the resistance measurement sampling to SLOW or FAST.

Setting the sampling to FAST.

PC >SMP 1 Set to FAST.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

6.3 Command

64

___________________________________________________________________

HZ

Setting the power supply frequency

Syntax
<data>

Response
Function
Example

HZ <hz data >
<func data >

0: 50 Hz
1: 60 Hz

OK Setting of the power supply frequency completed.

Sets the power supply frequency to 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

Setting the power supply frequency to 50 Hz.

PC >Hz 0 Set to 50 Hz.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

HOLD

Hold function

Syntax
<data>

Response
Function
Example

HOLD <on/off>
<on/off>

0: OFF
1: ON

OK Hold function setting completed.

Toggles the hold function ON/OFF.

Turning ON the hold function.

PC >HOLD 1 Set hold to ON.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

___________________________________________________________________

65

AUTO

Auto range

Syntax
<data>

Response

Function
Error

Examples

AUTO <on/off>
<on/off>

0: OFF
1: ON

OK Auto range setting completed.

EXEC ERR Auto range setting execution error.

Toggles the auto range ON or OFF.

While the comparator is ON, auto range cannot be set to ON.

If this is attempted, the response will indicate an execution error.

Setting the auto range to ON

PC >AUTO 1 Set auto range to ON.
3540 >OK Setting completed.
PC >AUTO 1 Set auto range to ON.
3540 >EXEC ERR Auto range setting execution error.

TC

Temperature correction functi on

Syntax
<data>

Response

Function
Example

___________________________________________________________________

TC <on/off>
<on/off>

0: OFF
1: ON

OK Setting of the temperature correction function

completed.

Toggles the temperature correction function ON or OFF.

Setting the temperature correction function to ON.

PC >TC 1 Set temperature correction function to ON.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

6.3 Command

66

___________________________________________________________________

COMP

Comparator

Syntax
<data>

Response
Function
Example

COMP <on/off>
<on/off>

0: OFF
1: ON

OK Comparator ON/OFF setting completed.

Toggles the comparator ON or OFF.

Turning ON the comparator.

PC >COMP 1 Set comparator to ON.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

CNO

Comparator table

Syntax
<data>

Response

Function
Error

Example

CNO <comp no>
<comp no>

1: No. 1
2: No. 2
3: No. 3
4: No. 4
5: No. 5
6: No. 6
7: No. 7

OK Comparator table configuration completed.

EXEC ERR Execution error

Configures the comparator table to the specified table number.

When the comparator is not ON, this setting is not possible.

If attempted, the execution error is generated.

To configure the comparator table as No. 7.

PC >CNO 7 Set as table No. 7
3540 >OK Setting completed.

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

___________________________________________________________________

67

CMD

Comparator mode setting

Syntax
<data>

Response

Function
Error

Example

CMD <comp mode>
<comp mode >

0: Hi-Lo
1: REF-%

OK Comparator mode setting completed.

EXEC ERR Execution error

Sets the comparator mode to Hi-Lo or REF-%.

When the comparator is not ON, this setting is not possible.

If attempted, the execution error is generated.

To set the comparator mode to Hi-Lo.

PC >CMD 0 Set the comparator mode to Hi-Lo.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

BUZ

Buzzer

Syntax
<data>

Response

Function
Error

Example

BUZ <comp buzzer>
<comp buzz er>

0: OFF
1: HL
2: IN

OK Buzzer mode setting completed.

EXEC ERR Execution error

Sets the buzzer mode to OFF, HL or IN.

When the comparator is not ON, this setting is not possible.

If attempted, the execution error is generated.

Setting the buzzer mode to IN.

PC >BUZ 2 Set the buzzer mode to IN.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

68

___________________________________________________________________

CHI

Comparator HIGH/REF setting

Syntax
<data>

Response

Function

Error

Example

CHI <comp hi data>
<comp hi data>

0 to 9999: Upper limit value (HIGH) or reference value (REF)
(Count value with the decimal point neglected.)

OK Comparator HIGH/REF data setting completed.

EXEC ERR Execution error

Sets the comparator HIGH and REF setting values to the specified

values.

When the comparator is not ON, this setting is not possible.

If attempted, the execution error is generated.

Setting the comparison value HIGH to 1000.

PC >CHI 1000 Set to 1000.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

CLO

Comparator LOW/% setting

Syntax
<data>

Response

Function

Error

Example

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

CLO <comp lo data>
<comp lo data>

0 to 9999: Lower limit value (LOW) or range (%)
(Count value with the decimal point neglected.)

OK Comparator LOW/% data setting completed.

EXEC ERR Execution error

Sets the comparator LOW and % setting values to the specified

values.
For the range (%) setting, 100.0% equals "1000".

When the comparator is not ON, this setting is not possible.

If attempted, the execution error is generated.

Setting the comparison value LOW to 1000.

PC >CLO 1000 Set to 1000.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

___________________________________________________________________

69

CCC

Constant-current status check

Syntax
Response

Function

Examples

CCC

CC OK Constant-current normal

CC ERR Constant-current abnormality (CCERR)

Checks the condition of the current for resistance measurement.

Unless the constant-current flows correctly, the resistance value
cannot be measured.

Checking the current constant-current status.

PC >CCC Find the constant-current status.
3540 >CC ERR Current abnormality (CCERR)
PC >CCC Find the constant-current status.
3540 >CC OK Current normal.

LOCK

Key lock setting

Syntax
<data>

Response
Function
Example

LOCK <on/off>
<on/off>

0: OFF
1: ON

OK Key lock setting completed.

Toggles the key lock function ON or OFF.

Locking the keys.

PC >LOCK 1 Turn key lock ON.
3540 >OK Setting completed.

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

70

___________________________________________________________________

6.3.3 Received Data

<rdata>

The rdata format of the resistance measurement value data is as
follows.

measurement value + "," + comparator results

When the comparator is OFF, the format only consists of the
measurement value and the "," + comparator results are not
attached.

Format of measurement values

□.□□□E □□
□□.□□E
□□□.□E

1 2 3

1 Space character
2Mantissa
3 Exponent. E+Sign of characteristic + 2 -digit numerical value

I.e., one of mΩ (E-03), Ω (E+00) or kΩ (E+03).

□□
□□

In the REF-% mode with the comparator ON, it becomes
□□□.□ and the exponent is not attached. (4-digit numerical
value+decimal point)
The unit is %.

In special cases, the format may be:

"OF": Overflow
"CC ERR": Abnormal current
"BAD DATA": When the TC function is ON, the temperature

measurement value exceeded the range or in case
of sensor error.

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

___________________________________________________________________

71

Comparator results
Comparator results are indicated by single digits as follows:

0: Invalid
1: Lo
2: IN
3: Hi

Examples

35.00E-03

3.500E+00

35.00E+00,1

3.500E+03,2

100.5,3

35.00 mΩ

3.500 Ω

35.00 Ω, comparator result = Lo.

3.500 kΩ, comparator result = IN.

100.5 %, comparator result = Hi.

<tdata>

The tdata format of the temperature measurement value data is as
follows.
sign + □□.□

Sign
One space character when plus.
"-" when minus.

The measurement value is indicated by 3 digits+decimal point

o

(fixed position) and the unit is

C.

In special cases, the format may be:

OF: Overflow

-OF: Minus overflow
SENS ERR: Sensor not connected or broken wire.

Example

o

C

25.0

- 9.5

___________________________________________________________________

25.0

-9.5

o

C

6.3 Command

72

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

6.3 Command

___________________________________________________________________

73

Chapter 7

Printers

This chapter discusses printer output from the 3540-02.
With the 3540-02, measured values can be printed out using the
optional 9203 DIGITAL PRINTER or other general purpose
Centronics printer.
This instruction manual explains how to print out measured values
to a general purpose Centronics printer. For printing using the
9203, refer to the 9203 Instruction Manual.

In order to output measured values to the printer, short the PRINT
signal on the rear panel terminal strip to GND.
For printing using the PRINT signal, refer to "5.4.1 Measurement
Control".

7.1 Making Connections

Connect the printer to the printer connector on the rear panel using
the optional 9425 CONNECTION CABLE as shown below.
The connection cable is equipped with two locking claws. Be sure
to press the connector in firmly until these claws click into place.

___________________________________________________________________

7.1 Making Connections

74

___________________________________________________________________

To printer

WARNING

Always observe the following safety precautions
when connecting a printer. Failure to observe these
safety precautions may result in electrocution or
damage to the equipment.

Always turn off the product and the printer before

making any connections.

Because of the inherent dangers of such situations,
be careful to prevent the connections from coming
loose or leads from coming into contact with other
conductors. Make sure the connections are secure.

___________________________________________________________________

7.1 Making Connections

___________________________________________________________________

75

7.2 Printing

This section explains printing to a general purpose Centronics
printer. For printing us ing the 9203, refer to the 9203 Instruction
Manual.
A printout example is shown below, along with the meanings of
the printed data.

NOTE

30.00mohm IN

300.0mohm Hi

3.000 ohm

30.00 ohm

300.0 ohm Lo

3.000kohm

30.00kohm
OF
‑‑

100.0 % Lo

25.0 C

Function

Resistance

measurement

Temperature
measurement

Measurement

Current Abnormality (CCERR)

Resistance measurement

(Standard deviation)

range

30 m

300 mmΩ300.0 mm

3

30
300
30 k

300 k

‑ 25.0

measured

value

30.00 m

Ω

3.000

Ω

30.00

Ω

300.0

Ω

30.00 k

Ω

300.0 k

Ω

Over

Ω

Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω

Ω
Ω

o

C

Comparator

IN
Hi

Unused

Lo

Unused

Lo

‑

The data outputted from the instrument to printer is ASCII text
only and does not include any control command (except for
CR+LF).
Only the printer, which can print ASCII text directly, is
connectable. (ex. ESC/P printer).
Please be careful that the type of printer, which needs the
exclusive commands to print ASCII text, is not connectable.

___________________________________________________________________

7.2 Printing

76

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

7.2 Printing

___________________________________________________________________

77

Chapter 8

Maintenance and

Service

8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure

WARNING

To avoid electric shock when replacing the batteries
first disconnect the AC adapter and leads from the
object to be measured. Also, after replacing the
batteries always replace the cover before using the
unit.

Do not mix old and new batteries, or different types
of batteries. Also, be careful to observe battery
polarity during installation. Otherwise, poor
performance or damage from battery leakage could
result.

To avoid the possibility of explosion, do not short
circuit, disassemble or incinerate batteries.

Handle and dispose of batteries in accordance with
local regulations.

___________________________________________________________________

8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure

78

___________________________________________________________________

The battery mark on the LCD lights when the battery is exhausted.

When this occurs, change the battery as follows.
(1) Remove the battery cover
(2) Replace the batteries with new ones, observing the correct polarity.
(3) Replace the battery cover.

Battery cover

R6P manganese batteries or
LR6 alkaline batteries

NOTE

For exhausted manganese batteries, the battery voltage fluctuates

greatly depending on the current retrieved.

Therefore, when measuring using manganese batteries, even when

the battery voltage is adequately secured at a measurement current

of 1 mA, at 100 mA the battery voltage will not be sufficient,

causing the power supply to cut off or the LCD to keep repeating

a cycle of blinking and disappearing.

___________________________________________________________________

8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure

___________________________________________________________________

79

8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure

WARNING

To avoid danger of electrical shock when changing
the fuse, disconnect the AC adapter and all test
leads and other wiring from the 3540 before making
replacement.
After replacing the fuse, be sure to close the case
before using the instrument.
Replace the fuse only with one of the specified
characteristics and voltage and current ratings.
Using a non-specified fuse or shorting the fuse
holder may cause a life-threatening hazard.
Fuse type: F1.0 AH/250 V 20x5 mm dia.

To check whether the fuse is burned out set the instrument to the
resistance measurement mode. If NG is displayed on the LCD
when the leads are shorted, the fuse is burned out. The fuse is
mounted on the printed circuit board of the ma in unit. To access
the fuse, remove the screws on the bottom of the case and remove
the upper part of the case. Then, replace the fuse with the spare
fuse in the battery compartment.

F1.0 AH/250 V fuse

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8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure

80

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8.3 Troubleshooting

When the instrument does not work normally, check the following

items :

Symptom Cause/remedy

LCD does not light
when POWER
switch pressed.

LED is blinking. Is the battery exhausted?

LCD disappears
when object to be
measured is
connected

Err2is displayed



and the measurem­ent is not available.

Resistances cannot
be measured.

Cannot change
measurement
range.

Auto ranging is
canceled.

Measurements
fluctuate widely.

Cannot measure
temperature.

Temperature
correction is not
possible.

Comparator does
not operate.

Is the correct AC adaptor being used, and is it properly
connected?

Refer to "4.1 Preparing Measurement".

Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure".

Is the battery exhausted?

Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure".

Is the temperature probe connected?

Refer to "4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)".

Is the instrument in the abnormal current state?

Refer to "4.2.7 Current Abnormality (CCERR)
Detection Function".

Is the fuse blown?

Refer to "8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure".

Is the measurement range under external control?

Refer to "Chapter 5 External Control Features".

The auto range and comparator functions cannot be used
simultaneously.

Refer to "4.2.2 Changing the Measurement Range" and
"4.3 Comparator Function".

Does the power supply frequency setting of the 3540 match
the frequency of the AC power supply being used?

Refer to "4.2.1 Setting the Power Supply Frequency".

Is the temperature probe connected?

Refer to "4.5 Temperature Measurement".

Is the temperature probe connected?

Refer to "4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)".

Is the AUTO/MANU selector switch set to MANU?

Refer to "4.3.6 Outputting Comparator Results".

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8.3 Troubleshooting

___________________________________________________________________

Symptom Cause/remedy

Cannot change
comparator tables.

External control is
not possible.

Cannot output to
printer.

Is comparator table selection being controlled externally?

Refer to "Chapter 5 External Control Features".

Are connections wired properly?

Refer to "Chapter 5 External Control Features".

Is the PRINT signal wired properly?

Refer to "Chapter 5 External Control Features".

Is the printer properly connected?

81

Refer to "Chapter 7 Printers".

RS-232C
communication not
possible.

Has the RS-232C cable been connected correctly?
Are the settings on the computer correct?

Refer to "Chapter 6 RS-232C Interface".

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8.3 Troubleshooting

82

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8.4 Error Code Table

An error code is displayed on the LCD when particular errors

occur.

Example

Error code Meaning

：

1 Zero-adjust range (within 100 display counts)

exceeded

2 Temperature probe not properly connected while using

temperature correction functions.

5 Attempted to print while printer not properly

connected.

8 During the power-on check, it was found that the

backup data such as the comparator configuration or
zero-adjustment data was corrupted. Corrupted data is
restored to the factory defaults.

9 A fatal error was detected during the power-on check.

If this error recurs, contact your nearest sales
representative for assistance.

When shipped from the factory, all item are set to the initial state.

Items Setting contents

Measurement mode Resistance measurement

mode
Measurement range 300 mΩ range
Sampling rate SLOW mode
Measurement holding Free-running
Comparator

Table No.
Comparator mode
Buzzer mode

Comparison Values
Temperature correction function (TC) OFF
Power supply frequency 50 Hz

Comparator table are unused.

1
Hi-Lo comparator
OFF
HIGH, LOW, REF, % = 0000

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8.4 Error Code Table

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83

8.5 Service

If damage is suspected, check the "Troubleshooting" section before
contacting your dealer or Hioki representative.
When sending the product for repair, remove the batteries an d
pack carefully to prevent damage in transit. Include cushioning
material so the instrument cannot move within the package. Be
sure to include details of the problem. Hioki cannot be responsible
for damage that occurs during shipment.

8.6 Cleaning

To clean the product, wipe it gently with a soft cloth moistened
with water or mild detergent. Never use solvents such as benzene,
alcohol, acetone, ether, ketones, thinners or gasoline, as they can
deform and discolor the case.
Wipe the LCD gently with a soft, dry cloth.

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8.6 Cleaning

84

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8.6 Cleaning

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Appendix

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