Hioki 3455 Instruction Manual

HIGH VOLTAGE

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

3455

INSULATION HiTESTER

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Contents

Introduction ...................................................... 1

Verifying Package Contents / Open the case ..1

Safety Infor ma tion ............ .. ........................... .. 5

Operating Precautions .....................................8

1 Overview 13

1.1 Product Overview .................................13

1.2 Features .............. ............. .............. ......15

1.3 Measure me nt Overview ......... .. ............17

1.4 Names and Functions of Parts .............24

1.5 Screen Setup .......................................28

2 Measurement Preparations 31

2.1 Supplying Power ..................................31

2.1.1 Installing or Replacing the Battery ......31

2.1.2 Installing the Battery Pack
(Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen battery) 34

2.1.3 Connecting the AC Adapter ................39

2.1.4 Charging the Battery Pack .................41

2.2 Turning Power On and Off ...................44

2.2.1 Auto Power Off ...................................45

2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time ..46

2.3.1 Setting Date and Time ........................46

2.3.2 Checking Date and Time ....................49

2.4 Connecting Test Lead ..........................50

2.5 Connecting Temperature Sensor .........52

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3 Measurement 53

3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection .....................53

3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance .........56

3.2.1 Starting Measurement .........................58

3.2.2 Ending Measurement ..........................64

3.2.3 Checking and Deleting Held Data .......66

3.2.4 Automatic Discharge Function ............67

3.2.5 Switching to Leakage Current Indication 68

3.2.6 Insulation Resistance Measurement

Basis ...................................................69

3.2.7 Use of GUARD Terminal .....................71

3.3 Measuring Voltage ...............................73

3.4 Measuring Temperature .......................76

3.4.1 Measurement Procedure ....................76

4 Advanced Measurement 79

4.1 Using Time r .... .............. .............. ..........79

4.1.1 Setting Timer/Conducting Insulation

Resistance Measurement ...................79

4.2 Displaying PI and DAR .........................83

4.3 Temperature Correctio n ( T C ) ... ............87

4.3.1 Performing Temperature Correction ...88

4.3.2 Exiting Temperature Correction Mode 92

4.4 Step Voltage Test .................................93

4.4.1 Setting and Conducting a Step Voltage

Test .....................................................94

4.4.2 Viewing Detai led Da ta o f Each Ste p af ter

Step Voltage Test .......................... .....97

4.4.3 Exiting Step Voltage Test Mode ..........99

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5 Recording Measurement Data

(Memory Function) 101

5.1 Recording Measurement Data ...........103

5.1.1 Manual Recording (Recording result

of one measurement session) ..........103

5.1.2 Logging Recording (Recording at

regular intervals) ...............................106

5.2 Checking Recorded Data ...................115

5.3 Deleting Recorded Data .....................120

5.3.1 Deleting Data of Chosen No. ............120

5.3.2 Deleting all Data ...............................121

6 Other Functions 123

6.1 Changing and Checking Interval Setting

for PI Calculation ................................123

6.1.1 Changing Interval Setting .................123

6.1.2 Checking Interval Setting .................125

6.2 Changing and Check i ng Vol tag e
Application Time for Step Voltage Test .126

6.2.1 Changing Time Setting ..................... 126

6.2.2 Checking Time Setting .....................128

6.3 Entering Temperature and Humidity
Measured with External Thermometer

and Hygrometer .................................129

6.3.1 Entering and Saving .........................130

6.3.2 Clearing Indications of Temperature

and Humidity Stored Data ................133

6.4 Communicating with PC ..................... 134

6.4.1 Installing Data Analysis Software for

3455 .................................................135

6.4.2 Installing Driver .................................136

6.4.3 Downloading Data to Save to PC/

Setting up Tester on PC ...................145

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7 Specifications 147

7.1 General Specifications .......................147

7.2 Measurement Specifications .............. 152

7.2.1 Insulation Resistance Measurement .152

7.2.2 Leakage Current Measurement ........155

7.2.3 Voltage Measurement .......................156

7.2.4 Temperature Measurement ..............157

8 Maintenance and Service 159

8.1 Troubleshooting .................................160

8.2 Cleaning ............................................. 162

8.3 Error Display ......................................162

8.4 Performing System Reset ..................165

8.5 Discarding the Instrument ..................166

Appendix 169

Appendix 1 Test Voltage Characteristic

Graph ......................................169

Appendix 2 Example of Insulation Resistance

Criteria ..................................... 170

Appendix 3 Example of PI Criteria

(Polarization Index) ................. 170

Appendix 4 Temperature Correction Table 171

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Introduction

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Introduction

Thank you for purchas i ng the HIOKI “Model
3455 HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION HiT­ESTER” To obtain maximum performance
from the instrument, please read this man­ual first, and keep it handy for future refer­ence.

• Windows and Internet Explorer are regis­tered trademark of Microsoft Corp oration in
the United States and/or other countries.

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trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

V erifying Package Contents / Open
the case

When you receive the instrument, inspect it
carefully to ensure that no damage
occurred during shipping. In particular,
check the accessories, panel switches, and
connectors. If da mage is evide nt, or if it f ails
to operate according to the specifications,
contact your dealer or Hioki representative.

Open the case by releasi ng the two latc hes.
(See next page.)

Registered trade mark

Open the case

Appearance of Case

Cover

Latches

Handle

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Verifying Package Contents / Open the case

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Procedure

1. Draw the latch outwards with your fin-

ger.

2. While raising the entir e latch, place a

finger on the top of th e latch and pull
it out.

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Verifying Package Contents / Open the case

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Main Unit

Accessories

3455 HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION HiTESTER 1

9750-01,-02,-03 TEST LEAD (Red, Black, Blue)
Lead length Approx. 3 m 1 each

LR6 alkaline battery 6Instruction Manual

(This book) 1

USB Cable 1

9751-01,-02,-03 ALLIGATOR CLIP(Red, Black, Blue)

1 each

CD-R (Data Analysis
Software for 3455) 1

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Verifying Package Contents / Open the case

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Options

9750-11,-12,-13 TEST LEAD
(Red, Black, Blue Lead length Approx. 10 m)
The specifications for the 9750-11 and
9750-12 models differ from the standard
specifications in regards to temperature
characteristics.

❖See 7.2"Measurement Specifications" (page

152).

9631-01,-05 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Used for temperature measurement.
9631-01: Lead length Approx. 1 m
9631-05: Lead length Approx. 6 cm

9459 BATTERY PACK
(Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen battery)
The 9753 AC ADAPTER is required for
charging.

9753 AC ADAPTER
Input : 100 to 240 VAC
Output: 12 VDC 3.33 A

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Safety Information

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Safety Information

Safety Symbols

This manual contains information and warn­ings essential for safe operation of the
instrument and for maintaining it in safe
operating conditi on. Before using it, be su re
to carefully read the following safety pre­cautions.

The following symbols in this manual indi­cate the relative i mp or tance of cautions and
warnings.

This instruments designed to comply
with IEC 61010 Saf ety Standard s, an d has
been thoroughly tested for safety prior to
shipment. However, mishandling during
use could result in injury or death, as well
as damage to the instrument. Be certain
that you understand the instructions and
precautions in the manual before use. We
disclaim any responsibility for accidents
or injuries not resulting directly from
instrument defects.

In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly impor­tant information that the user should read before using the
instrument.
The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that the
user should refer to a corresponding topic in the manual
(marked with the symbol) before using the relevant func­tion.

Indicates that dangerous voltage may be present at this ter­minal.

Indicates a double-insulated device.

Indicates DC (Direct Current).
Indicates AC (Alternating Current).

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Safety Information

6

Other Symbols

Accuracy

We define measurement tolerances in
terms of rdg. (re ading) and dgt. (dig it) val­ues, with the following meanings:

Indicates that incorrect operation presents an extreme
hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the
user.

Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant
hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the
user.

Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility
of injury to the user or damage to the instrument.

Indicates advisory items related to performance or cor­rect operation of the

instrument.

Indicates a prohibited action.

❖

Indicates the location of reference information.
Indicates quick references for operation and

remedies for troublesh oo t i ng .

*

Indicates that descriptive information is provided
below.

dgt.
(resolution)

The smallest displayable unit on a digital measur­ing instrument, i.e., the input value that causes
the digital display to show a "1" as the least-sig­nificant digit.

rdg. (reading
or displayed
value)

The value currently being measured and indicat­ed on the measuring instrument.

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Safety Information

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Measurement categories (Overvoltage categories)

This instrument complies with CAT IV (600
V), CAT III (1000 V) safety requirements.
To ensure safe operation of measurement
instruments, IEC 61010 establishes safety
standards for various electrical
environment s, categorized as CAT I t o CAT
IV, and called measurement categories.
These are defined as follows.

Higher-numbere d catego rie s cor res pond to
electrical envir onments with greater
momentary energy. So a measurement
device designed for CAT III environments
can endure greater momentary ene rgy than
a device desi gned for CAT II.

Using a measurement instrument in an
environment designated with a higher-num­bered category than that for which the
instrument is rated could result in a severe
accident, and must be carefu l ly avoi de d.
Never use a CAT I measuri ng i nstrument in
CAT II, III, or IV environments.
The measurem ent categories comply with
the Overvoltage Categories of the
IEC60664 S tandards.

CAT I Secondary electrical circuits connected to an AC electri-

cal outlet through a transformer or similar device.

CAT II Primary electrical circuits in equipment connected to an

AC electrical outlet by a power cord (portable tools,
household appliances, etc.)

CAT III Primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment (fixed in-

stallations) connected directly to the distribution panel,
and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets.

CAT IV The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance,

and to the power meter and primary overcurrent protec­tion device (distribution panel).

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Operating Precautions

8

Operating Precautions

Follow these precautions to ensure safe
operation and to obtain the full benefits of
the various functions.

Before using the instrument the first time,
verify that it operates normally to ensure
that the no damage occurred during stor­age or shipping. If you find any damage,
contact your dealer or Hioki representative.

Preliminary Checks

Before using the instrum ent, make sure
that the insulation on the test leads and
cables is undamaged and that no bare
conductors are improperly exposed.
Using the product in such conditions
could cause an electric shock, so contact
your dealer or Hioki representative for
replacements.
(Model 9750-01,-02,-03 TEST LEAD,
Model 9751-01,-02,-03 ALLIGATOR CLIP)

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Operating Precautions

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• Operating t em pe rature and humidity:
0 to 40°C (32 to 104

°F

)

90%RH or less (no condensation)

• Temperature and humidity range for guaran­teed accuracy:

Insulation resistance measurement / leak­age current measurement

0 to 28°C (32 to 82

°F)

90%RH or less (no condensation)

Voltage measurement / temperature mea­surement

23±5°C (73± 9

°F)

90%RH or less (no condensation)

Placement

To avoid malfunctions and accidents, do not place the tester
where it will be exposed to any of the following:

•Direct
sunlight

•High
temperature

•Corrosive or
explosive gas

• Sprayed/
splashed
water

• High humidity
with
condensation

• Strong
electromag­netic fields

• Electrically
charged
objects

•Dust

• Mechanical
vibration

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Operating Precautions

10

Observe the following to avoid electric
shock and short circuits.

• Before connecting or disconn ecting the
test leads to/from the tester, be sure to
disconnect the test leads from the
object under test and turn off power.

• Do not perform measurement with the
battery cover r emoved

• Do not use the shut­ter if it is broken.

• Do not rem ove the
case from the main
unit.
(High-voltage/high-temperature parts
are present wi thin)

• Do not use the tester in environments
containing ignitable gases, explosiv e
powders, etc.
(Risk of explosion)

• Do not place the tester on an unstable
or uneven surfac e.
(If the tester falls, electric shock or
tester malfunction may result)

• This tester handles high voltages. To
avoid electric shock, always wear
appropriate insulated protection, such
as rubber gloves, rubber b oots, as well
as a safety helme t, as specified in the
Ordinance on Industrial Safety and
Health.

• Before using the tester, inform those
around you of your intention to do s o.

Shutter

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Operating Precautions

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• This instrument is designed for use ind oor s.
It can be operated at temperatures
between 0 and 40° C (32 a nd 104

°F

) without

degrading sa fety.

• To avoid damage to the instrument, protect
it from physical shock when transporting
and handling. Be especially careful to avoid
physical shock from dropping.

• If the protective functions of the instrument
are damaged, either remove it from service
or mark it clearly so that others do not use it
inadvertently.

• Calibration and repair of this instrument
should be performed only under the super­vision of qualified technicians knowledge­able about the dangers involved.

• Never modify the instrument. Only Hioki
service engineers should disassemble or
repair the instrument. Failure to observe
these precautions may result in fire, electric
shock, or injury.

• Place the cover on the tester when not in use.

• After use, always turn OFF the power.

• To avoid damage to the tester, do not connect
an external device to the USB terminal or the
temperature sensor terminal.

• Standby State

The use of "standby state" in this manual
means that measurement is not being
performed and that no parameters are
set. This includes the state in which

is on.

• If the tester is exposed to an abrupt large

variation in temperature, condensation
may occur, resulting in measurement
errors.
Leave the tester in a new environment for
a while before starting measurement.

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Operating Precautions

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1 TΩ (Tera ohm) =1000 GΩ =1012 Ω
1 GΩ (Giga ohm) =1000 MΩ =10

9

Ω

1 MΩ(Mega ohm) = 1000 kΩ =10

6

Ω

1 mA (Milliampere) =0.001 A =10

-3

A

1 μA (Micro ampere) =0.001 mA =10

-6

A

1 nA (Nano ampere) =0.001 μA=10

-9

A

Electrical Units

Care and Handling of CD-R

• Alw ays hold the disc by the edges, s o as not
to make fingerprints on the disc or scratch the
printing.

• Never touch the recorded side of the disc. Do
not place the disc directly on anything hard.

• Do not wet the disc with volatile alcohol o r
water, as there is a possibility of the label
printing disappearing.

• To write on the disc label surface, use a spirit­based felt pen. Do not use a ball-point pen or
hard-tipped pen, because there is a danger of
scratching the surface and corrupting the
data. Do not use adhesive labels.

• Do n ot expose the disc directly to the sun's
rays, or keep it in condition s of high tempera­ture or humidity, as there is a danger of warp­ing, with consequent loss of data.

• To remove dirt, dust, or fingerprints from the
disc, wipe with a dry cloth, or use a CD
cleaner. Always wipe radially from the inside
to the outside, and do no wipe with circula r
movements. Never use abrasi ves or solvent
cleaners.

• Hioki shall not be held liable for any problems
with a computer sy stem that arises f rom the
use of this CD-R, or for any proble m related
to the purchase of a Hioki product.

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1.1 Product Overview

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The 3455 is an insulation resistance tester
with a wide measurement range, for use in
such environments involving low to high
voltage.

The tester has the functions and purposes
given below.

Overview 1

1.1 Product Overview

Function Purpose

Reference

page

(Basic)
Insulation

resistance
measurement

To test the insulation resistance of
an electrical facility.

❖3.2 (P.56)

Voltage
measurement

To measure the voltage of an exter­nal circuit, e.g., commercial power
supply.

❖3.3 (P.73)

Temperature
measurement

To measure a temperature ❖3.4 (P.76)

(Applied)
Timer To automatically end measurement

after a predetermined time.

❖4.1 (P.79)

Display
PI and DAR
values

To check whether the insulation re­sistance increases with time after a
voltage is applied.
[When the PI (polarization index)
value or the DAR (dielectric absorp­tion ratio) value is close to 1, the
tester determines that the insula­tion of the object to be measured
has deteriorated.]

❖4.2 (P.83)

Temperature
correction
(TC)

To obtain the insulation resistance
at various temperatures varied from
the actual environmental tempera­ture at which measurement is per­formed.

❖4.3 (P.87)

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1.1 Product Overview

14

Step voltage
test

To determine whether the insula­tion resistance of an object chang­es according to test voltage
applied.

❖4.4 (P.93)

Memory

To save the measurement data.

❖5 (P.101)

PC
Communica­tion

To create tables or graphs of the
data saved in the memory for re­ports, etc.

❖6.4 (P. 134)

Function Purpose

Reference

page

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1.2 Features

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Generates a wide range of test voltages, from
250 V to 5 kV
The voltage may be chosen from the com­monly used presets of 250 V, 500 V, 1 kV, 2.5
kV, and 5 kV; or set to a desired level by
increments or decrements of 25 V or 100 V.

❖3.2 "Measuring Insulation Resistance" (page 56)

For automatic ca lculation and indic ation of
PI (polarization index) and DAR (dielectric
absorption ratio), step voltage testing, and
temperature correction.

❖4 "Advanced Measurement" (page 79)

Stores up to 100 manual records and 10
logging records. The stored data may be
displayed on the LCD or downloaded to a
PC.

❖5 "Recording Measurement Data (Memory Func-

tion)" (page 101)

6.4 "Communicating with PC" (page 134)

The large display provides easy viewing.
Measurements may also be displayed
using a logari thmic bar graph, offeri ng the
feel of an analog meter.
The LCD is backlit, enabling measurement
in poor lighting condi t i on s .

The tester has a USB interface. Data stored
in the memory may be downloaded to PC
using the data download softwar e.
The same softw are also en ables re ports to
be created and printed with ease.

❖6.4 "Communicating with PC" (page 134)

1.2 Features

Wide test voltage range

Insulation diagnoses

Large memory

Large, clear display

PC software with report creation/
printing feature

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1.2 Features

16

The case is durable-designed to withstand
the toughest of working conditions, com­pact, and highly portable.

The tester may be powered by either alka­line or rechargeabl e ni ckel -hydro gen ba tter ­ies. (Selectable via switch)

❖2.1.1 "Installing or Replacing the Battery" (page

31)

2.1.2 "Installing the Battery Pack (Rechargeable
nickel-hydrogen battery)" (page 34)

Compact hard case

Dual battery power supply

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1.3 Measurement Overview

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This tester is designed for measurement of
the following:

Measurement condition

When measuring insulation resistance,
ensure that power supply to the object
under test is turned off.

Performing Measurement

• 3455 HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION HiT­ESTER

• LR6 alkaline battery, or
9459 BATTERY PACK

• 9750-01,-02,-03 TEST LEAD

• 9751-01,-02,-03 ALLIGATOR CLIP

• 9631-01,-05 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
(for temperature measurement)

1.3 Measurement Overview

Purpose : Inspection of high-voltage electrical

facilities

Location : High-voltage receiving station or trans-

forming station

Test object : Large motors, transformers, cables,

etc.

• Measures insulation resistance, voltage and tem­perature.

• Stores measurement data in the internal memory.

• Downloads data to a PC for table, graph, or report
creation.

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1.3 Measurement Overview

18

Flow of measurement

Before startin g mea surem ent, che ck th e f ol­lowing:

• The power supply method.

• The power ON/OFF method.

• That date and time are set.

• Connection of test leads, temperature
sensor, and USB cable .

 Insulation Resistance Measurement

→3.2 "Measuring Insulation Resistance" (page 56)

1 Prepare for measurement

→2 "Measurement Preparations" (page 31)

2 Start measurement.

1.

Make sure that powe r supply to the object under
test is turned off.

2.

Press the key to turn on
the tester.

❖2.2 (page 44)

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1.3 Measurement Overview

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3.

Connect the test leads into the
"+" and "-" terminals of the tester
and to the object to be tested.

❖2.4 (page 50)

3.2.1 (page 58)

4.

Press the key and set
the test voltage.

❖3.2.1 (page 58)

GUARD
terminal

Warning: Confirm that the power supply to the

object under test has been turned off.

Object to be measured (Ex.: Motor)

+ terminal

- termina

l

Test lead (Red)

Attach to a metal
chassis or a ground
terminal.

Test lead (Black)

Attach to a metal part
of the power supply
terminal.

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1.3 Measurement Overview

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5.

Press the key to gener­ate a voltage and start measure-

ment.

❖3.2.1 (page 58)

6.

Read the indication.

❖3.2.1 (page 58)

7.

Press the key to stop
voltage generation and measure-

ment.

❖3.2.2 (page 64)

8.

The automatic discharge func tion
is activated.

❖3.2.4 (page 67)

9.

Measurement is terminated when
the voltage falls below 10 V.

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1.3 Measurement Overview

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

Voltage Measurement

→ 3.3 "Measuring Voltage" (page 73)

1.

Connect the test leads into the "+" and "-" termi­nals of the tester and to the object to be tested.

2.

Read the indication.

+ terminal

- terminal

GUARD
terminal

Test lead (Red) Test lead (Black)

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1.3 Measurement Overview

22



Temperature Measurement

→ 3.4 "Measuring Temperature" (page 76)

1.

Insert the temperature sensor into the tempera­ture sensor terminal of the tester.

2.

Read the indication.

3.

Press the key to stop temperature mea­surement.

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1.3 Measurement Overview

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Insulation resistance and temperat ure mea­surement data are held after measu rement
is completed.
This data will be cleared if power is turned
off. To store the data, use the memory func­tion.

3 Record measurement data

→5 "Recording Measurement Data (Memory Function)

"

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1.4 Names and Functions of Parts

24

1.4 Names and Functions of Parts

Front

1. 2.

3.

LCD

Slide the shutter.

Operating panel

❖(page 26)

4.

567

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1.4 Names and Functions of Parts

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Name Function

1

AC adapter
terminal

Connect the AC adapter to this terminal.

❖2.1.3 "Connecting the AC Adapter" (page

39)

2 USB terminal

Connect the USB Cable to this terminal.

❖6.4.3 "Downloading Data to Save to PC/

Setting up Tester on PC" (page 145)

3

Temperature
sensor
terminal

Connect the temperature sensor to this termi­nal.

❖2.5 "Connecting Temperature Sensor"

(page 52)

4 Shutter

Prevents connection to other terminals when
test leads are connected to the measurement
terminals-a safety feature.

5

+measurement
terminal

*

Connect the red test lead to this terminal.

❖2.4 "Connecting Test Lead" (page 50)

6

-measurement
terminal

*

Connect the black test lead to this terminal.

❖2.4 "Connecting Test Lead" (page 50)

7

GUARD
terminal

Connect the blue test lead to this terminal.

❖3.2.7 "Use of GUARD Terminal" (page 71)

*These are referred to simply as + and - terminals.

Back

Battery cover

Set screw

Battery pack compartment
(Under the battery cover)

Battery selector switch
(Under the battery cover)

Selects the type of battery.

LR6 alkaline battery
compartment
(Under the battery cover)

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1.4 Names and Functions of Parts

26

Key Function

1 Used to turn power on/off.

2

Used to set parameters.
Used to toggle between set voltage and monitor

voltage after resistance measurement.

3

Used to set parameters.

Used to set test voltage.

4

• Used to make fine adjustments to test voltage.

• Used to move the cursor to change units, val­ues, etc.

• Used to display the date and time.

• Used to set the date and time.

5

• Used to make fine adjustments to test voltage.

• Used to move the cursor to change units, val­ues, etc.

• Used to display the timer.

• Used to set the timer.

6

• Used to confirm entries.

• Used to stop temperature measurement.

Operating panel

6. 7.

2.

1.

8. 9. 10.

13.

14.

15.

11.12.

5.3.4.

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1.4 Names and Functions of Parts

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7

(Warning lamp)

• Used to start and stop of resistance measure­ment.

• Blinks when a voltage is generated.

• Blinks when a voltage of 50 V or more is input
or when discharging is performed.

8

• Turns the LCD backlight on/off.

• LCD backlight automatically extinguishes after
30 seconds.

9

• Changes measurement units on the LCD.

•

When measuring resistance:

This key toggles between display of current
and resistance on the LCD

•

When the resistance value is held:

This key changes LCD display in the following
sequence: resistance→ current → DAR 1 min/
15s → DAR 1 min/30s → PI → resistance →
current → ...

10

• Used to view held temperature data.

• Used to enter the temperature of an external
thermometer.

11

Used to reduce drift of resistance or current
reading.

12 Used to enter the temperature correction mode.

13

• Used to store data in the memory.

• Used to display the date and time data was
stored in the memory.

14 Used to delete data in the memory.

15 Used to display data in the memory.

Key Function

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1.5 Screen Setup

28

❖3.3 "Measuring Voltage" (page 73)

❖3.4 "Measuring Temperature" (page 76)

1.5 Screen Setup

All On

Measuring Voltage

Measured
voltage

Blinking

Measuring Temperature

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1.5 Screen Setup

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❖3.2 "Measuring Insulation Resistance" (page 56)

❖3.2.5 "Switching to Leakage Current Indication"

(page 68)

Measuring Insulation Resistance

Actual outp ut
voltage

Blinking

> blinks if the
input exceeds
the measure­ment range.

Elapsed time Insulation resistance

The screen is switched over with th

e

key.

Leakage Current Display

Blinking

Elapsed time

Actual ou tput
voltage

The bar graph
shows the
resistance
measurement.

< blinks at
below 1 nA.

Current measurement

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This tester may be powered by several
means.

• LR6 alkaline battery

❖See 2.1.1 "Installing or Replacing the Battery"

(page 31).

• 9459 BATTERY PACK (Option )

❖See 2.1.2 "Installing the Battery Pack

(Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen battery)" (page

34), and 2.1.4 "Charging the Battery Pack" (page

41)

• 9753 AC ADAPTER (Option)

❖See 2.1.3 "Connecting the AC Adapter" (page

39).

2.1.1 Installing or Replacing the Battery

Measurement
Preparations

2

2.1 S upplying Power

• To avoid electric shock, turn off the
power switch and disconnect the test
leads before repl ac i n g th e batteries.

• Do not mix old and new batteries, or dif ­ferent types of batteries. Also, be care­ful to observe battery polarity during
installation. Otherwise, poor perfor­mance or damage from ba ttery leakage
could result.

• After replacing the batteries, replace the
battery cover an d screws before using
the instrument.

• To avoid the possibility of explosion, do
not short circuit, disassemble or incin­erate batteries .

• Handle and dispose of batteries in
accordance with local regulations.

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2.1 Supplying Power

32

Procedure

1. Turn off power and disconnect all the

test leads from the tester.

❖See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 44).

2. Loosen the set screw on the re ar of the

tester and remove the battery cover.

• When the battery status indicator
is low, replace the batteries.

• Use the specified batteries on ly. Do not use
manganese batteries, for example, since
operating time will be greatly reduced.

• To avoid corrosion from battery leakage,
remove the batteries from the instrument
if it is to be stored for a long time.

Set screw

Remove

Battery cover

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3. Place six LR6 alkali ne batteries into the

battery compartment. (Replace a ll six at
the same time)

4. Turn the battery selector switch to LR6.

When the power i s t u rned on, “Lr6” appears
on the top left of the screen.

❖See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 44).

5. Replace the battery cover and tighten

the set screw.

To LR6

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2.1 Supplying Power

34

2.1.2 Installing the Battery Pack
(Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen
battery)

• Use the optional 945 9 BATTERY PACK.
The operating t ime i s lon ger t han t hat with
alkaline batteries, and the pack is
rechargeable.

• Battery pack is dispatched in an uncharged
state. Charge before use.

❖Charging Procedure→

See 2.1.4 "Charging the Battery Pack" (page

41).

• For battery operation, use only the
HIOKI Model 9459 BATTERY PACK. We
cannot accept responsibility for acci­dents or damage related to the use of
any other batteries.

• To avoid heat buildup, rupture, or leak­age of the battery, do not use if dam­aged, wires are expos ed, or the batter y/
tester connector is dam aged.

• To avoid electric shock, be sure to dis­connect the test leads from the tester,
turn off power, and disconnect the AC
adapter from the tester, before installing
or removing the batter y pack.

• To avoid the possibility of explosion, do
not short circuit, disassemb le or incin­erate battery pack. Hand le and dispose
of batteries in accordance with local
regulations.

Take care not to step on the battery pack
power cable, as this may dam age it.

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Installation
Procedure

Tools: Phillips screwdriver

1.

Turn off power and disconnect the test leads,
AC adapter and USB Cable from the tester.

❖See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 44).

2. Loosen the set screw on the rea r of the

tester and remove the battery cover.

• If the battery pack is not used for an
extended period of time, remove it from the
tester and store at a temperature between

-20 to 30°C, to prevent deterioration.

• Charge the battery at least every 2
months. If the batte ry pack is lef t fo r a lo ng
period of time in a low state of charge, its
performance will be degraded.

• When the battery status indicator is low,
charge the battery pack.

• The charge stored in the battery pack
naturally dissipates over time, therefore be
sure to charge the battery pack before use.
If the operating time is extremely short
directly after the battery pack has been
charged, the battery needs to be replaced.

• The life of the battery pack is 500
charging cycles, i.e., about one year.

Set screw

Remove

Battery cover

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2.1 Supplying Power

36

3. Connect the battery pack to the tester.

(Align the protrusions.)

4. Place the battery pack in the battery

pack compartment.

5. Turn the battery selector switch to 9459.

When the power is turned on, “bP” appears
on the top left of the screen.

See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 44).

6. Replace the battery cover and tighten the

set screw.
(Be careful not to catch the battery pack
cable in the battery cover, to prevent
damaged wiring.).

To 9459

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Replacement
Procedure

Tools: Phillips screwdriver

1. Turn off power and disconnect the test

leads, AC adapter, and USB cable from
the tester.

❖See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 44).

2. Loosen the set screw on the rea r of the

tester and remove the battery cover.

3. Disconnect the plu g of the battery pack

from the connector of the tester.

Set screw

Remove

Battery cover

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2.1 Supplying Power

38

4.

Connect the new battery pack to the tester.
(Align the protrusions.)

5. Place the battery pack in the battery

pack compartment.

6. Turn the battery selector switch to 9459.

When the power is turned on, “bP” appears
on the top left of the screen.

See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 44).

7. Place the battery c over and tighten the

screw.

To 9459

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2.1.3 Connecting the AC Adapter

• Optional 9753 AC ADAPTER can be used.

• When the AC adapter is connected to the
tester, you can ch arge the battery pack ,
communicate with a PC, perform temper­ature measurement, and edit the settings.
However, you cannot measure insulation
resistance, leakage current or voltage.

• Turn the instrument off before c onnect­ing the AC adapter to the instrument
and to AC power.

• Use only the specified Model 9753 AC
ADAPTER. AC adapter input voltage
range is 100 to 240 VAC (with ±10% sta­bility) at 50/60 Hz. To avoid electrical
hazards and damage to the instrument,
do not apply voltage outside of this
range.

• To avoid electrical accidents and to
maintain the safety specifications of
this instrument, connect the power cord
only to a 3-contact (two-conductor +
ground) outlet.

The AC adapter cannot be used when
performing measurement using tester
leads.

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2.1 Supplying Power

40

Procedure

1. Insert the power cord into the AC

adapter.

2. Move the shutter of the tes ter to reveal

the AC adapter terminal.

3. Insert the output cable of the AC adapter

into the AC adapter terminal.

4. Make sure that the commercial power

source voltage matches the rated supply
voltage of the AC adapter. Insert the
plug into the AC outlet.

1

2 Move the shutter.

3

4

When the AC adapter is connected to the tester, power
is supplied from the AC adapter.
When both the battery and the AC adapter are con­nected to the tester, the battery is not used.
If the battery pack is installed, w hen the AC adapter is
connected to the tester, power of the tes ter is automati­cally turned on and charging of the battery pack begins.

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2.1.4

Charging the Battery Pack

The 9459 BATTERY PACK can be char ge d
while installed in the tester, using the
optional 9753 AC ADAPTER.
Short charge time: Approx. 3 hours (at
23°C room tem perature)

Procedure

1. Install the battery pack.

❖See 2.1.2 "Installing the Battery Pack

(Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen battery)" (page

34).

• Carry out battery charging at an ambient

temperature between 10°C and 40°C.
However, the ambient temperature may
influence the charging efficiency. Outside
this range, not onl y is the c harging c apacity
reduced, but also there is a possibility of
reduced performa nce o r electrolyte leak age.

• The battery pack cannot be charge d when

test leads are connected to the tester.

• The battery pack will be charged regard le ss

of the battery selector switch position.

• Communication with a PC and temp erature

measurement are available during charging.
But, insulation resistance measurement and
voltage measurement are not available.

• Only use the specified battery charger.

• Do not recharge a fully-charged battery

pack. If the ba ttery pack is o ver-charg ed,
a deterioratio n in performance or ba ttery
fluid leakage may result.

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2.1 Supplying Power

42

2. Move the shutter to reveal the AC

adapter terminal.

3. Connect the AC adapter to the AC

adapter terminal.

Rapid charging begins. During rapid charg­ing, the battery status indicator blinks.

❖See 2.1.3 "Connecting the AC Adapter" (page

39).

Move the shutter.

1

2

3

Battery status indicator

Charging

If the AD adapter is connected to the tester when the
tester is off, the tester is automatically turned on and
rapid charging begins.

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4. When rapid charging is completed, the

battery status indictor changes from
blinking to continuously lit. After rapid
charging finishes, the battery is trickle­charged (maintained in a fully-charged
state).

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2.2 Turning Power On and Off

44

Press and hold the key for
around one second.

After all the screen indications light, the
version and the position of the battery
selector switch appear and then the
tester enters the standby state.

The tester recalls the settings that were
present before power was last turned off.

Press the key.

The screen is switched off and power is
turned off.

2.2 Turning Power On and Off

T urning power On

Indicates the position of the battery selector switc

h.

bP: Using the Model 9459 BATTERY PACK
Lr6: Using the LR6 alkaline batteries

Version

When the battery status indicator
is low, replace the battery.

❖See 2.1.1 "Installing or Replacing the Battery"

(page 31).

If the batteries or the battery pac k i s ru nning
low, [

LObAt] is indicated. The tester turns

off if use is continued.

T uring power off

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2.2.1 Auto Power Off

• Power is automatically turned off around

10 minutes after the last operation. This
function, however, is not available during
insulation resistance measurement.

•[

APS] will start blinking around 30 sec-

onds before power is turned off .

• Auto power off is re-enabled upon turning

power on again . ([

APS] lights up.)

• When the AC adapter is connected to the

tester, auto power off is disabled.

• When the timer is set or when the tester is

in the step voltage test mode, auto power
off is disabled.

Turn on power while holding down the

key.

Canceling Auto Power Off

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2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time

46

Set the time and date before use of the
tester. Use the Christian calendar.

2.3.1 Setting Date and Time

Procedure

1.

When the tester is in a standby state, press
the key. Year, month, and day appear .

2. Hold down key for more than one

second. The Year starts blinking.

2.3 Setting and Checking Date
and Time

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2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time

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3. Pressing moves the blinking

cursor. Place the cursor at the digit,
value, etc., you wish to change.
Year, month, day, hour, and minutes can
be changed.

The year-month-day screen and the hour­minute-second screen are switched to and
from each other in the procedur e bel ow.

4. Press to change the number.

Hold down for fast increase/decrease.

5. The entry is confirmed by pressing the

key, after which the display returns

to the standby screen.
The clock starts to run from zero seconds

as soon as key is pressed.

Year-month-day

↓

Hour-minute-

second

• When year [

YEAR] is blink-

ing, press the key.

• When day [

DAY] is blinking,

press the key.

Hour-minute-

second

↓

Year-month-day

• When hour [

h] is blinking,

press the key.

• When minute [

min] is blink-

ing, press the key.

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2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time

48

• The date and time can be set on a PC
using the data analysis software for
model 3455.

• The data analysis software for model
3455 must be installed on the PC.

❖Details → See 6.4 "Communicating with PC"

(page 134).

Date and time can be set on a PC.

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2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time

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2.3.2 Checking Date and Time

Procedure

1. When the tester is in the standby state,

press the key.
Year, mon th , an d da y app ea r.

2. Press the key.

Hours, minutes, and seconds appear.

3. Pressing key returns to the standby

screen.

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2.4 Connecting Test Lead

50

Procedure

1. Connect the alligat or clip to the end of

each test lead. Insert it fully.

2. Move the shutter to re veal the + and -

terminals.

2.4 Connecting Test Lead

• To avoid electric shock, be sure to dis­connect the test leads from the object
under test and turn off power, before
connecting or disconnecting the test
leads to/from the tester.

• To avoid electric shock, never use the
tester if the shutter is broken.

Test leads cannot be connected to the
tester if the AC adapter, a temperature
sensor, or USB Cable i s connected.

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2.4 Connecting Test Lead

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3. Connect the red test lead to the + terminal

and the black test lead t o the - t ermi nal.
For insulation resistance m easurement,
connect the blue test lead to the GUARD
terminal if necessary.
Check that the test leads are fully
inserted.

❖GUARD terminal → See 3.2.7 "Use of GUARD

Terminal" (page 71).

+ terminal

- termina

l

GUARD
terminal

Test lead (Red) Test lead (Black)

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2.5 Connecting Temperature Sensor

52

Procedure

1. Move the shutter to reveal th e temperat ure

sensor terminal.

2. Connect the tempe rature sensor to the

temperature sensor terminal.
Temperature measurement begins auto­matically.

2.5 Connecting Temperature
Sensor

Temperature sensors may be damaged by
high voltage or static electricity. Do not
expose the temperature sensor to excessive
impact, or allow the cable to be bent, since
malfunction or faulty connection may result.

Temperature sensors cannot be used
simultaneously with test leads.

Move the shutter.

Temperature
sensor terminal

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3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection

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To ensure safe use of the tester, be
sure to check it before use.

Confirm that the tester chassis, shutter, test
leads, and clips are not damaged.

Do not used if damaged.

Equipment

•20 MΩ resistor that provides a voltage of
5 kV

• High-voltage meter with an input resis­tance of 1,000 MΩ or more, and capable
of measuring up to 5.5 kV DC

Measurement 3

3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection

Before using the inst rument, make sure
that the insulation on the test leads and
cables is undamaged and that no bare
conductors are improperly exposed.
Using the product in such conditions
could cause an electric shock, so contact
your dealer or Hioki representative for
replacements.

Make sure the terminals are clean and dry.
Wipe with a dry cloth to remove any
moisture, since measurement errors may
result if moisture is present.

❖See 8.2 "Cleaning" (page 162).

Checking for damage

Checking test voltage and resistance
reading

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3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection

54

Inspection
Procedure

1. Clip the resistor to the red and black test

leads connected to the tester.

2. Also, clip the resisto r to the test lead of

the high-voltage meter.

3. Set the test voltage of the tester to

[5.00 kV].

❖See 3.2Measuring Insulation Resistance, Proce-

dure 5. (page 60) to 8. (page 60).

4. Hold down key for more than

one second to start insulation re sistance
measurement.

5.

Check to see if the reading of the high-volt­age meter is somewhere between 5 kV and

5.5 kV.

6. Check to see if the voltage reading of the

tester is somewhere betwee n 5 kV and

5.5 kV.

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7. Check to see if the insulation resistance

reading of the tester is 20 MΩ.

8. Stop insulation resistance measurement.

❖See 3.2.2 "Ending Measurement" (page 64).

9. Short-circuit the tips of the clips of the

red and black test leads of the tester.

10. Press the key to see if the test volt-

age setting is [5.00 kV].

11. Hold down the key for more than

one second to start insulation resistance
measurement.

12. Check to see if the insulation resistance

reading of the tester is 0.00 MΩ.
If a problem exists, discontinue use of
the tester.

Insulation resistance

Voltage

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

56

3.2 Measuring Insulation
Resistance

Observe the following to avoid electric
shock and short circuits.

A. Do not use the

tester if the shutter
is broken.

B. Check Table 1

before connecting test leads to the tester.

C. Ch eck to see if the o bject under test i s not

live or electrically charged using a high-volt­age detector or other similar instrument,
before connecting test leads to it.

Table 1

Check item Result Action

Are the mark
and key lamp
off?

Off Connect test leads to the tester

and check C. above. If safe to
proceed, connect the test leads
to the object under test.
→ Go to Table 2.

Blinking Press the key to stop

voltage generation.

Table 2

Check item Result Action

Are the mark
and key lamp
blinking?

Not blinking Measurement may be com-

menced

Blinking Immediately disconnect the

test leads from the object un­der test and turn off power to
the object or discharge the
electric charge using a dis­charge rod.

Shutter

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• When measuring insulation resistance,
dangerous voltage is applied to the
measurement terminals. To avoid elec­tric shock, do not touch the terminals
and test leads.

• Do not touch the object under test or
disconnect the test leads after measure­ment has been co mp l et ed u ntil the auto­matic discharge function is comple ted.
Electric shock may result due to high
voltage an d stored charge.

❖See 3.2.4 "Automatic Discharge Function" (page

67).

• Power of the tester may be turned off
during measure ment even if the

key is not pressed, for instance, due to
battery consumption. In such ca se, the
automatic discharge function may not
operate. Discharge the object under
test using a discharge rod for h igh volt ­age.

• To avoid damage to objects under test, be

sure to check the test voltage before
starting measurement.

• When repeating measurement, press the

key before next measurement to check

the test voltage.

• To avoid damage to the tester during

discharge, do not measure the insulation
resistance between the terminals of
capacitors (with a capacitance of over 4 μF).

• To avoid damage to the tester, do not

short-circuit the tips of the clips of the red
test lead (+ terminal) and the blue test lead
(GUARD terminal).

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

58

3.2.1 Starting Measurement

Procedure

1. Connect the alligat or clip to the end of

each test lead. Insert it fully.

2. Move the shutter to re veal the + and -

terminals.

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3. Connect the red test lead to the + terminal

and the black test lead t o the - t ermi nal.
Connect the blue test lead to the
GUARD terminal if necessary.
Fully insert the test leads.

❖See 3.2.7 "Use of GUARD Terminal" (page 71).

4. Clip the alligator clip at the end of each

test lead to the object under test.

GUARD
terminal

Warning: Confirm that the power supply to the

object under test has been turned off.

Object to be measured (Ex.: Motor)

+ terminal

- termina

l

Test lead (Red)

Attach to a metal
chassis or a ground
terminal.

Test lead (Black)

Attach to a metal part
of the power supply
terminal.

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

60

5. Press the key, after which the

voltage disp l ay starts blinki ng .

6. The test voltage is chosen from 250 V,

500 V, 1.00 kV, 2.50 kV, and 5.00 kV
using the keys.

7. Pressing keys, you can make

fine adjustment of the test voltage setting.

8.

Press the key to set the test voltage.

The voltage indication will change from
blinking to continuous.
This test voltage is now set.

For step voltage testing, h old down the key,
which will display [

STEP]. For non-stepped insula -

tion resistance measurement, pre ss the key
and choose a voltage.

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9. Hold down the key for more than

one second.
A voltage is generated and measurement
begins.

The mark and key lamp
starts blinkin g.

If > blinks, the input value is out of measurement range.

Example: > 5.00TΩ means "larger than 5.00 TΩ."

• During measureme nt, [

SET] is turned off in the voltage indica-

tion field and the indication ch anges from the test voltage to
the actual output voltage. A voltage approximatel y 5% higher
than the set level is output.

• To view the set voltage during measurement, press the
key. The set voltage is displayed for approximately 2 seconds.

• During measurement, i f the output voltage is lower than the
set level, the voltage indication blinks.

• Under the resistance indication appears time elapsed from the
start of measurement.

Actual outp ut
voltage

Blinking

>blinks if the
input exceeds the
measurement
range.

Elapsed time Insulation resistance

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

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10. Read the indication.

• If the indication is unstable, press the key.
The average of the measurements is shown.

• Resistance indication is switched to leakage current
indication by pressing the key.

❖See 3.2.5 "Switching to Leakage Current Indication" (page

68).

• When the timer has been set, remaining time is dis­played.

❖See 4.1 "Using Timer" (page 79).

Do not allow test leads to contact each other
or place objects on test leads, to avoid mea­surement errors and mal functions.

• Be sure to clean test leads after use. If test
leads are soiled, they may deteriorate.

• Insulation resistance is unstable. The
indication may not stabilize with some
objects.

• Due to factors such as capacitance of
objects under test, resistance values may
start low, then ri se gradually and set tle out.

• During measur ement, if the resis tance of
the object suddenly drops or if the test
lead tips are short-circuited, the tester
stops voltage generation as a safety
measure. (This applies to a test voltage of

1.1 kV or more.)

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When the display reflects the following
state, insulation resistance measurement
cannot be started.

• The setting value is blinking to indicate
that the instrument being set up

• The mark is blinking

• While [TC] is lit, the actual measurement
temperature is shown as [- - -]

• An error massage is displayed

If the indicat ion is unstable, the averag e of
the measurement is shown.
Pressing the average key togg l es [AVE] on/
off.
While [AVE] is on, display update interval is
four seconds, normally.
But in the following case, the interval is one
second even if [AVE] is on .

• During 15 seconds after the measure­ment started

• During 5 to 10 seconds after the mea­surement range changed

The state not to be started the meas ure­ment

Average function

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

64

3.2.2 Ending Measurement

Procedure

1. Press the key with the test leads

connected to the object unde r te st.
The last measurement is held.

( lights up.)

2. Immediately after measurement has

been completed, the discharg e circuit in
the tester automatically discharges the
electric charge remaining in the object
under test.

❖See 3.2.4 "Automatic Discharge Function" (page

67).

3. During discharge, the mark and

key lamp blinks.

The voltage indication shows the progress
of discharge.

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4. When the voltage falls to about 1 0 V, the

tester stops discharging and the mark

and key lamp are turned off.

5. To restart measurement, press the

key to check the test voltage before
resuming measurement.

• If the key is press ed du ring mea surem ent,
automatic discharge is performed before power is

turned off.

• If the battery runs low during measurement, the
tester automatically stops measurement. Automatic
discharge is performed and then [LObAt] appears on
the screen.

LastElapsed time of the

Actual output
voltage
(last measurement)

end of measurement measurement value

Check

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

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3.2.3 Checking and Deleting Held Data

The following data are held and displayed
after insulation resistance measurement
has been completed.

• Insulation resistance (digital value and
bar graph)

• Test voltage

• Actual output voltage

• Leakage current

• Elapsed time

Some data may not be di splayed. Press the
keys shown in the table below to switch the
indication.

To clear the data, press the key for more
than one second.

Temperature/humidity data will not be
cleared.

Checking Held Data

Data indications to be switched Keys used

key

key

Elapsed time ↔ Temperature/humidity

(When the data are held)

key

Insulation

resistance

Leakage

current

↓

← DAR 1 min/ 30 s

↑

PI (10/1 min.)

DAR 1 min/15 s

↓

→

Test voltage

(setting)

Actual outpu t

voltage

↔

The held data are cleared when power is
turned off. To save the data, use the
memory function.

❖See 5 "Recording Measurement Data (Memory

Function)" (page 101).

Deleting Held Data

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3.2.4 Automatic Discha rge Function

• When insulation resistance with a capaci­tance component is measured, this com­ponent remains charged with a high­voltage equivalent to the test voltage,
which is dangerous.

• This tester automatically discharges
remaining electric charge using the inter­nal circuit after measuremen t.

• Make sure that the test leads are connected
to the measured object when pressing the

key to stop measurement.

• Discharging stops when the residual volt­age falls below 10 V. The discharge time
varies depending on the capacitance.

After the voltage has been decreased by
the tester’s automatic discharge function,
the voltage in the measurement area may
rise again due to the remaining charge in
the capacitor C

A shown in the diagram in

section 3.2.6. Take great care when touch­ing the object under test.

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

68

3.2.5 Switching to Leakage Current Indi­cation

Insulation resistance indication may be
switched to leakage current indication.

Every time the key is pressed, the
indication changes in the order: resistance

→ current → PI → resistance → etc.

Every time key is pressed, the indi­cation changes in the order: resistance

→

current → resistance → current → etc.

During measurement

Blinking

Elapsed time

Actual ou tput
voltage

The bar graph
shows the
resistance
measurement.

< blinks at
below 1 nA.

Current measurement

Before me asur ing in sul ati on r esi stance
and after se tting test v olt age

( indicator is off.)

Measuring insulation resistance

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Every time key is pressed, the indi­cation changes in the order: resistance

→

current → DAR 1 m in/15s → DAR 1 min/30s

→ PI → resistance → current → etc.

❖PI/DAR → See 4.2 "Displaying PI and DAR"

(page 83).

3.2.6 Insulation Resist ance M easurement
Basis

When a high DC voltage is applied to an
object under test, a leakage current flows.
The insulation resistance tester measures
the applied voltage V and the combined
leakage current I and then calculates the
insulation resist ance R.

Calculation formula R = V/I

I

C and IA gradually decrease after the volt-

age is applied.

Holding data after measurement

If the indication is unstable, press the key. The
average of the measurements is shown.
[< 1.00 nA] means "below 1.00 nA."

Applied
voltage

V

Insulation

tester

Capacity

C

Insulation

resistance

R

Steady-state

leakage
current

Ｉ

R

Charge
current

Ｉ

C

Absorption

current

Ｉ

A

Insulating material

C

A

Combined leakage current I

A

Current

detector

R

A

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

70

When measuring the same object repeat­edly, the insulation resistance and leakage
current indications may differ. This is caused
by polarization*, which occurs when a volt­age is applied to an insulating material.
An insulating material is represented by an
equivalent circuit as shown by the diagram
on the previous page.
Absorption current due to relatively slow
polarization is represented by I

A, as shown

in the diagram above. It takes time for the
polarization caused by the previous mea­surement disappear. Until it does, electric
charge remains in C

A as shown in the dia-

gram. The electric charge level in C

A differs

at the start of previous measurement and at
the start of next measurement and thus
absorption current I

A differs, too. Further, the

combined leakage current and insulation
resistance vary from measurement to mea­surement. This will be become more appar­ent for higher insulation resistance values.

To ensure reproducibility of measurement,
leave a sufficient time interval between mea­surement sessions. Further, the ambient
temperature and humidity should not vary.

*Polarization: the phenomenon in which positive

negative charges on the atoms of a
material move in opposite directions
when an electric field is applied to the
material.

Reproducibility of insulation resistance
measurement

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

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3.2.7 Use of GUARD T erminal

A GUARD terminal is used to prevent the
surface electrical resistance of an insulating
material affecting measurement, enabling
correct measurement of the entire volume of
the material.

When testing the insulation of a cable, as
shown in the diagram above, wind a bare
conductor around th e surface of the insulat­ing material and connect the conduc tor to
the GUARD terminal. This prevents the
leakage current on the surface of the insu­lating material flowing into the current
detector, which enables the actual resis­tance of the entire vo lume of the insu lating
material to be measured.

Measurement unaffected by surface
electrical re sis t ance

Metallic shielding layer

Bare conductor

Insulating material

Cable

Core

Current
detector

Power supply

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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

72

G terminal grounding is used for measuring
the insulation resistance between the core
and the metallic shielding layer of a high­voltage cable with the cable connected to
other high-voltage equipment. The diagram
below shows an example of measurement.

Rc: Insulation resistance of the insulating

material of the high-voltage cable
(Between core and metallic shielding
layer)

Rs: Insulation resistance of the sheath of

the high-voltage cable
(Between metallic shielding layer and
ground)

Rn: Insulation resistance between insulator

or high-voltage equipment and ground

Influence of Rs and Rn is removed and
solely Rc is measured.

Reference

→ High-voltage power receiving

facility code 2002

Measurement using G (GUARD)
terminal grounding

Meter transformer

Disconnecto

r

Load

Core

R

nRc

Rs

N

Remove

Grounding

P

Power supply

wire

Cable

Power
supply
side

side

wire
Metallic shielding layer
of the cable

Current
detector

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3.3 Measuring Voltage

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The tester measures the voltage of an exter­nal circuit, e.g., commercial power supply.
AC and DC are d i stinguished automatically.

3.3 Measuring Voltage

To prevent damage to the tester and per­sonal injury, observe the precautions
below.

• Maximum rated voltage to ground: 1,000
Vrms (CATIII), 600 Vrms (CATIV)

• Do not conduct m easurement exceeding
these voltages to ground.

• Maximum input voltage: 750 Vrms, 1,000
VDC

• Do not conduct m easurement exceeding
this maximum input voltage.

• Maximum input frequency: 70 Hz

• Do not conduct measurement exceed­ing this maximum input frequency.

• Do not short-cir­cuit a line voltage
applied with the
tip of test lead.

• Do not use the
tester if the shutter
is broken.

Do not clamp two lines.

Shutter

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3.3 Measuring Voltage

74

Procedure

1. Connect alligator clips to the ends of test

leads. Insert it fully.

2.

Move the shutter to reveal the + and ­terminals.

3. Connect the red test lea d to the + termi-

nal and the black test lead to t he - t ermi­nal. Fully insert the test leads.

+ terminal

- terminal

GUARD
terminal

Test lead (Red) Test lead (Black)

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4. Clip the ends of the test lea ds to the cir-

cuit to be tested. When the voltage
exceeds 50 V, the mark and

key lamp blink.

5. Read the voltage indication.

The key is not used.

Measured
voltage

Blinking

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3.4 Measuring Temperature

76

3.4.1 Measurement Procedure

Procedure

1. Move the shutte r to reveal the temp era-

ture sensor terminal.

2. Connect the tempe rature sensor to the

temperature sensor terminal.

3.4 Measuring Temperature

Do not attem pt to measure th e tempera­ture of objects carrying a voltage. Doin g
so will resu lt in a short-cir cu i t accident or
an electrocution accident.

Temperature sensors may be damaged by
high voltage or static electricity. Do not
expose the temperature sensor to excessive
impact, or allow the cable to be bent, since
malfunction or faulty connection may result.

Move the shutter.

Temperature
sensor terminal

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3.4 Measuring Temperature

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Temperature measurement begins auto­matically.

3. Read the temperature indication.

4. Press key or disconnect the tem-

perature sensor to stop measureme nt.

lights up and th e last mea-

surement is held.

❖Detailing the above display→See 6.3.2 "Clearing

Indications of Temperature and Humidity Stored
Data" (page 133).

After measuring tempe rature
(When the resistance is not measured.)

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3.4 Measuring Temperature

78

• If temperature measurement is stopped using the
key, measurement may be resumed by pressing

the key.

• When an insulation resi stance measurement is held, if

the temperature sensor is disconnected, the tempera­ture indication switches to the elapsed time indication at
the time of insulation resis tance measurement. To dis­play the held temperature instead of the elapsed time,

press the key. (The temperature will blink.)

• Held measurement values are cleared when power is

turned off. To save the data, use the memory function.

❖See 5.1.1 "Manual Recording (Recording result of one mea-

surement session)" (page 103).

• Settings cannot be edited during temperature measure-

ment. To edit settings, stop temperature measurement.

•[OF] means exceeding 70.0°C.

[-OF] means below -10.0°C.

After measuring temperature
(Disconnecting the temperature sensor,
resistance value is held)

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4.1 Using Timer

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If the timer is set during insulation resis­tance measurement, the measurement
automatically ends at the set time.
Selectable t ime: 30 sec. to 3 0 min. (When
setting over 1 minute, time increments or
decrements in minutes.)

4.1.1 Setting Timer/Conducting Insulation
Resistance Meas urement

Procedure

1. When the tester is in a standby state,

press the key.
The time indicat i on wi l l bl i nk.

2. Press the key to set the time.

Advanced
Measurement

4

4.1 Using T imer

What is it used for?

Used to set the tester to automati­cally stop at a specified time.

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4.1 Using Timer

80

3. Press the key to confi rm t he ent ry.

If the key is pressed without pressing
the key, the tester returns to a

standby state wit h th e ti me unc hanged.
When the timer is successfully set, the

[TIMER] indicator lights.

4. Holding down the key for longer

than one second generates a test voltage,
and measurement begins.

At the bottom of the screen, remaining
time to completion of measurement is
displayed.

5. After the set time has elapsed, the tester

automatically stops measurement.

If the key is pres sed, the tester
immediately stops measurement reg ard-

less of the remaining time.
Elapsed time at the co mpletion of mea-

surement is displayed at the bottom of
the screen.

When the timer is set, auto power off is
disabled.

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Procedure

1. When the tester is in a standby state,

press the key.

The time indicat i on wi l l bl i nk.

2. Press the key to select - - min - - s.

- - min - - s is also selected by pressing
the key.

3. Press the key to confirm the

entry.
[TIMER] indicator is turned off.

Timer not used

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4.1 Using Timer

82

Procedure

1. When the tester is in a standby state,

press the key.

The currently set time blinks. Check the
time.

2. Press the or key to return to the

previous screen.

Checking set time

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4.2 Displaying PI and DAR

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• The tester automatically calculates and
displays PI ( polarization ind ex) and DAR
(dielectric absorption ratio), which are
used as the criteria to determine the qual­ity of insulation.
Both measurements show a degree of
change in insulation resistance with time
after a test voltage is applied.

❖Appendix 3 "Example of PI Criteria (Polarization

Index)" (page 170)

• PI and DAR are calculated using the for­mulae below from resistance values mea­sured twice after a voltage is applied. For
PI, the measurement interval may be
user-set.

❖See 6.1 "Changing and Checking Interval Set-

ting for PI Calculation" (page 123).

Procedure

4.2 Displaying PI and DAR

What is it used for?

Used to check whether insulation re­sistance increases with time after a
voltage is applied.
(When the PI value or the DAR val­ue is close to 1, the tester deter­mines that the insulation of the
object under test is deteriorated.)

PI 10/1min =

DAR 1min/15s=

DAR 1min/30s=

To determine DAR, press the key to
turn off [

AVE] on the screen before starting

measurement.

Resistance 10 min. after voltage application
Resistance 1 min. after voltage application

Resistance 1 min. after voltage application
Resistance 15 sec. after voltage application

Resistance 1 min. after voltage application
Resistance 30 sec. after voltage application

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4.2 Displaying PI and DAR

84

1. Measure insulation resistance.

To determine PI, continue measurement
for 10 minutes (for a default tim e set ting) .
To determine DAR, continue measurement
for one minute.

2. Stop measurement.

3. Press the key several times to

display PI, DAR 1 min/15 s, or DAR 1
min/30 s.

Every time the key is pressed the
indication on the LCD changes in the

order of resistance

→ current → DAR 1

min/15s

→ DAR 1 min/30s → PI → resis-

tance

→ current →, etc.

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4.2 Displaying PI and DAR

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• If measurement ends before the set time
elapses,[

- - - ] appears on the screen.

• When [TC] is on (temperature correction
mode), PI and DAR can not be displaye d.

• In the step voltage test mode, PI or DAR
cannot be displayed.

DAR

PI

Resistance

、

Right: 1st measurement
Left : 2nd measurement

Right: 1st
Left : 2nd

1st : 1 min.
2nd : 10 min.

Measurement

Resistance

Right : 1st 30 GΩ
Left : 2nd 60 GΩ

Substitute into the formula; PI 10/1min=Resistance 10

min. after voltage application divided by resistance 1
min. after voltage application.

PI in the example above is:

2.00=60.0 GΩ / 30.0 GΩ

Interval

Measurement
Interval

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4.2 Displaying PI and DAR

86

When the resistance indication blinks, the
displayed reading may be incorrect. (Insu­lation resistance changed rapidly before
end of set specified time, affecting mea­surement rang e due to internal circuit fail ­ure to respond)
When the resistance reading blinks, regard
the PI or DAR value as a reference. Per­form measurement again.

The table below sho ws special indications
for PI and DAR.

Blinking resistance indication on PI or
DAR display screen

PI, DAR Conditions

- - -

• One or more resistance val­ues could not be acquired.

•([

- - -] appears in the resis-

tance field.)

• One or more resistance val­ues exceeded measure­ment range.

•([

OF] appears in the resis-

tance field.)

• The 1st measurement was

0.00 MΩ.

>999

PI or DAR is larger than 999.

<0.01

PI or DAR is smaller than

0.01.

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4.3 Temperature Correction (TC)

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• The tester converts measured resistance
to the resistance at a reference tempera­ture and displays the result.

• There are 10 correction methods (correc­tion tables) available depending on the
object under test and its characteristics.
Choose the appropriate temperature cor­rection table.

• The reference temperature may be set to
an arbitrary level. The selectable refer­ence tempera ture rang es var y depen ding
on the correction table used.

• The convertible measurement tempera­ture ranges also vary depending on the
correction tab l e us ed .

❖See Appendix 4 "Temperature Correction Table"

(page 171).

4.3 Temperature Correction (TC)

What is it used for?

Used to acquire insulation resis­tance at a temperature differing from
the actual temperature at which
measurement is performed.

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4.3 Temperature Correction (TC)

88

4.3.1 Performin g Tem perat ure Corre ction

Procedure

1. Measure temperature and insulation

resistance. The measurements are held
upon completion.
(Either may be measured first.)

❖3.2 "Measuring Insulation Resistance" (page 56)

See 3.4 "Measuring Temperature" (page 76).

The temperatu re may also be entered wit h
keys.

❖See 6.3 "Entering Temperature and Humidity

Measured with External Thermometer and
Hygrometer" (page 129).

In the step voltage test mode ([STEP] is on),
temperature correction is unavailable. Exit
the step voltage test mode .

❖See 4.4.3 "Exiting Step Voltage Test Mode"

(page 99).

2. Press the key.

[TABLE No.] blinks.

3. Choose a table No. from 0 to 9 using the

key.

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4.3 Temperature Correction (TC)

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4. Press the key to confirm the

choice of table No.
The reference temperature blinks.

5. Adjust the reference temperature using

the key.
If the keys are held down

simultaneously, the reference tempera­ture is returned to its default.
(40°C for table 9 and 20°C for the rest.)

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4.3 Temperature Correction (TC)

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6. Press the key to confirm the ref-

erence temperature.
[TC] lights up and the tester enters tem­perature correction mode.
The LCD displays the resistance at the
reference temperature converted from
the measurement.

The bar graph shows the value before correc­tion.

Bar graph
(Value before
correction)

Digital value
(Value after
correction)

Actual Measurement Temperature

Reference Temperature

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4.3 Temperature Correction (TC)

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Press the keys shown in the table below to
switch the indication.

• If the resistance before correction
exceeds the measurement range, it
cannot be converted and the LCD
displays [

- - -].

• After the tester is placed in temperature
correction mode, measurement or input of
temperature and measurement of
insulation resistance may be conducted.

• However, if the tester is placed in
temperature correction mode when the

temperature is not held ( is
off), measure or en ter tem peratu re befor e
measuring resistance. You cannot
measure resi stance first.

• Resistance mea sured by the step v oltage
test cannot be converted using
temperature correction.

• In temperature correction mode, leakage
current may be displayed by pressing the

key but it cannot be corrected for.

Indications to be switched Keys used

key

Temperature / Reference temperature ↔ Elapsed time

key

key

Insulation resistance
(after correction)

Leakage current
(no correction)

↔

Setup screen of actual mea­surement temperature

Standby state↔

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4.3 Temperature Correction (TC)

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4.3.2 Exiting Temperature Correction
Mode

Procedure Press the key.

[TC] is turned off and the tester exits
temperature correction mode.

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• The tester increases the test voltage
gradually and monitors the resultant insu­lation resistance and leakage current.

• If the insulation resistance decreases as
the test voltage increases, the object
under test is damp or unclean and
requires attention.
(Reference s tan dard

→

IEEE43-2000 Recommended Practice for
Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating
Machinery)

• The test voltage is increased in 5 steps at
regular intervals during insulation resis­tance measurement. The resistance mea­surement and the current measurement
are acquired once at the end of every
step.

• The test voltage is applied in one of the
two orders below.
STEP2.50 kV : 500 V →1 kV →1.5 kV

→

2 kV →2.5 kV

STEP5.00 kV: 1 kV

→

2 kV →3 kV

→

4 kV →5 kV

• The voltage is increased when one
minute has passed at each voltage step.

4.4 Step Voltage Test

What is it used for?

Used to determine the effect of the
test voltage level on insulation resis­tance of an object.

What is a step voltage test?

Overview of test

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4.4 Step Voltage Test

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When 5 minutes has passed in total,
measurement automatically stops.

• The voltag e ap plicat i on tim e is adju st ab le.

❖See 6.2 "Changing and Checking Voltage Appli-

cation Time for Step Voltage Test" (page 126).

• The voltage application time cannot be
varied for each step.

4.4.1 Setting and Conducting a S tep Volt age
T est

Procedure

1. Press the key in standby s tate,

and the voltage indication will blink.

2. Press the key to choose

[STEP2.50 kVSET] or [STEP5.00

kVSET].

• The voltage value will advance rapidly if
the key is held down.

• Choosing [

5.00 kVSET] with the key

and then pressing the key is a short­cut to select STEP.

STEP5.00 kV

1 kV

2 kV

3 kV

4 kV

5 kV

1 min. 2 min. 3 min. 4 min. 5 min.

Measurement

(1)

Measurement

(2)

Measurement

(3)

Measurement

(4)

Measurement

(5)

End of
Measuremen

t

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4.4 Step Voltage Test

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3. Press the key.

The voltage indication will stop blinking
and the tester enters the step voltage
test mode.

4.

T o start the step voltage test, hold down the

key for more than one second.

The mark and the key
start blinking, and insulation resistance

or leakage current appears on the
screen. (Press the key to toggle

between them.)

Lighting

Interval for
1 step

Actual output

Elapsed time Step No.

voltage

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4.4 Step Voltage Test

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5. The test voltage rises at regular intervals

and the test stops automatically.
The last data is held and displayed.

( lights up.)

Actual output
voltage

Elapsed time at completion

Last resistance
measurement

• While [TC] is on (temperature correction
mode), STEP cannot be selected.

Press the key to turn off the [

TC]

indicator.

• To view the set voltage during measu re­ment, press the key. The set voltage

is displayed for approximately 2 seconds.

• After the test, pressing the key
switches between the last output voltage

and the test voltage.

• When the tester is in the step voltage test
mode, auto power off is disabled.

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