Hioki 3227 Instruction Manual

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INSTRUCTION MANUA

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mΩ HiTESTE

Page 2

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Contents

Introduction i Inspection

Safety Notes

Notes on Use

Organization of this Manual

Chapter 1 Overview

1.1 Features 1

1.2 Specifications 2

1.2.1 General Specifications 2

1.2.2 Resistance Measurement

1.2.3 Temperature Measurements

1.2.4 Temperature Correction Function

1.3 Measurements and Working Systems 6

1.3.1 4-terminal Measurements 6

1.3.2 Temperature Probe

1.3.3 Measurement Value Display

1.3.4 Comparator Function

Chapter 2 Part Names 15

2.1 Front Panel 15

2.2 Rear Panel 16

2.3 Displays

2.4 Accessory and Options

Chapter 3 Unit Installation 19

3.1 Installing the Interfaces 19

3.2 Turning on the Power Supply 21

3.3 Selecting the Power Supply Frequency 23

3.4 Preparation for Measurements 24

3.4.1 Resistance Measurements 24

3.4.2 Temperature Correction and Temperature Measurements

3.5 Handle Operation 26

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Chapter 4 Basic Operations 27

4.1 Operating Procedure 27

4.1.1 Function Classes 27

4.1.2 Key Shift States

4.1.3 Key Lock State

4.1.4 Remote State

4.1.5 Valid Input Key Table

4.2 Selecting the Measurement Mode 30

4.3 Resistance Measurement Mode 31

4.3.1 Selecting the Sampling Rate 31

4.3.2 Selecting the Measuring Range

4.3.3 Zero Adjustment

4.4 Resistance Measurement 35

4.5 Temperature Measurement

4.6 Holding the Measurement Value

Chapter 5 Applied Operations 39

5.1 Setting the Comparator 39

5.1.1 Setting the Comparator 1 39

5.1.2 Setting the Comparator 2

5.1.3 Eliminating the Comparator Table

5.2 Executing the Comparator 43

5.3 Setting the Temperature Correction

5.4 Executing the Temperature Correction

5.5 Setting the Temperature Conversion 46

5.6 Executing the Temperature Conversion 47

Chapter 6 External Control Terminals 49

6.1 Connector 49

6.1.1 Terminal Block 49

6.1.2 Digital I/O

6.2 Connecting Method 51

6.2.1 Terminal Block 51

6.2.2 Digital I/O

6.3 Electrical Specifications 53

6.3.1 Power Supply Rating 53

6.3.2 Input and Output Rating

6.3.3 Input and Output States

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6.4 Using the Signals 58

6.4.1 Measurement Control 58

6.4.2 Outputting Measurement Results

Chapter 7 The Other Functions 63

7.1 System Resetting 63

7.2 Error Indications 64

Chapter 8 GP-IB Interface 67

8.1 Specifications 67

8.2 Setting the GP-IB Address 68

8.3 Introduction for the GP-IB 69

8.3.1 Messages 69

8.3.2 Command Syntax

8.3.3 Headers

8.3.4 Message Terminators

8.3.5 Separators

8.3.6 Data Formats

8.3.7 Abbreviation of Compound Command Type Header

8.3.8 Output Queue

8.3.9 Input Buffer

8.3.10 Status Model

8.3.11 Status Byte Register

8.3.12 Event Register

8.3.13 GP-IB Commands

8.4 Command Reference 79

8.5 Command Summary 109

8.5.1 Standard Command 109

8.5.2 Commands Specific to the 3227

110

8.6 Valid Command According to the Modes 113

8.7 Initialization 114

8.8 Notes on GP-IB Interface 115

8.9 Sample Programs 116

8.9.1 Hewlett Packard Series 300 Sample Programs 116

8.9.2 DOS/V Sample Program

124

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Chapter 9 Printer Interface 127

9.1 Printer Interface 127

9.1.1 Connecter 127

9.1.2 Connecting Method

128

9.2 Print Method 129

Chapter 10 Maintenance and Service 131

10.1 Changing the Fuse 131

10.1.1 Power Fuse 131

10.1.2 Circuit Protection Fuse

132

10.2 Disposing the Unit 134

10.3 Trouble Shooting 135

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Introduction

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

ntroduction

nspection

Thank you for purchasing this HIOKI "3227 mΩ HiTESTER." To get the maximum performance from the unit, please read this manual first, and keep this at hand.

When the unit is delivered, check and make sure that it has not been damaged in transit. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and connectors. If the unit is damaged, or fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your dealer or HIOKI representative.

Accessories

9287 CLIP TYPE LEAD 1 9188 TEMPERATURE PROBE 1 Power code 1 Converter plug 1 Instruction Manual 1 Spare fuse for the circuit protection F1.0A/250V 1 Spare fuse for the power supply 1

T0.5A/250V (at 100/110/120V)

T0.25A/250V (at 200/220/240V) (The spare fuse is stored inside the AC power supply inlet, and is of a rating appropriate to the actual operational voltage of the unit.)

Shipment

If reshipping the unit, preferably use the original packing.

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Safety Notes

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WARNIN

This equipment is designed to according to IEC 348 Safety Standards, and has been tested for safety prior to shipment. Incorrect measurement procedures could result in injury or death, as well as damage to the equipment. Please read this manual carefully and be sure that you understand its contents before using the equipment. The manufacturer disclaims all responsibility for any accident or injury except that resulting due to defect in its product.

・This symbol is affixed to locations on the equipment where the

operator should consult corresponding topics in this manual (which are also marked with the

symbol) before using relevant

functions of the equipment.

・In the manual, this mark indicates explanations which it is

particularly important that the user read before using the equipment.

Indicates AC (Alternating Current).

Indicates a fuse.

afety Notes

This Instruction Manual provides information and warnings essential for operating this equipment in a safe manner and for maintaining it in safe operating condition. Before using this equipment, be sure to carefully read the following safety notes.

Safety symbols

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Safety Notes

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WARNIN

Indicates that incorrect operation presents significant danger of accident resulting in death or serious injury to the user.

CAUTIO

Indicates that incorrect operation presents possibility of injury to the user or damage to the equipment.

NOTE

Denotes items of advice related to performance of the equipment or to its correct operation.

The following symbols are used in this Instruction Manual to indicate the relative importance of cautions and warnings.

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Notes on Use

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WARNIN

In order to prevent electric shock and short-circuit accidents, shut off the power to the line to be measured before connecting the direct connection voltage and current cables to the terminals.

Be sure to connect the input terminal, SENSE, or SOURCE terminals correctly. Measurement which is attempted with the wiring connected incorrectly may cause damage to the unit or a short-circuit.

Before turning on the power, make sure that the voltage of the power supply being used matches the supply voltage indicated on the rear panel of the unit.

The unit is constructed so as to be connected to a ground line via a three-core power cord that is supplied with the unit.

In order to avoid electric shock, connect the unit to a properly grounded (3-pin) outlet using the power cord provided. In addition, if using a ground adapter, be absolutely sure to connect the green ground wire which protrudes from the adapter to a ground line.

In order to avoid electric shock, if not connecting the unit to a properly grounded (3-pin) outlet using the power cord provided, be sure to connect the ground terminal to a proper ground.

The maximum permissible input is mentioned on specifictioins. Do not measure voltage in excess of these limitations, as doing so may damage the unit or cause an accident that might result in infuty or death.

CAUTIO

・To avoid damage to the unit, do not input a voltage or current exceeding the

rated maximum to the external input terminals.

・To avoid damage to the unit, do not input a voltge or current exceeding the

rated to the output terminal.

・To avoid damage to the unit, do not subject the equipment to vibrations or

shocks during transport or handling. Be especially careful to avoid dropping the equipment.

・Before using the unit, make sure that the sheathing on the probes is not

damaged and that no bare wire is exposed. If there is damage, using the unit could cause electric shock. Replace the probe with the specified 9287.

・The unit should always be operated indoors in a range from 0℃ to 40℃ and

80% RH or less. Do not use the unit in direct sunlight, dusty conditions, or in the presence of corrosive gases.

・Do not measure the voltage applied point. Particularly, the 3227 would be

damaged by induced voltage when measuring soon after the temperature rise test or the pressure test of the trans or the motor.

otes on Use

In order to ensure safe operation and to obtain maximum performance from the unit, observe the cautions listed below.

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Notes on Use

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NOTE

･ Always set the power supply frequency before measurement. When it has

been set incorrectly, inaccurate measurement would be performed. How to set this, Section 3.3, "Selecting the Power Supply Frequency."

･ Accurate measurement may be impossible in locations subject to strong

external magnetic fields, such as transformers and high-current conductors, or in locations subject to strong external electric fields, such as radio transmission equipment.

･ For accurate measurement, allow the unit to warm up for 30 minutes before

starting the operation.

･ In the source of current (SOURCE), there is a fuse for the circuit protection.

When it is ruptured, the measurement should be impossible.

･ Do not use such relay as dealing with the small signals, for fear of breaking

the pellicle of the contact point.

･ When the one that includes the L component such as the transformer for the

power supply a lot is measured a measured value may not stabilize.

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Organization of this Manual

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rganization of this Manual

Chapter 1 Overview

Summary and features of the 3227

Chapter 2 Part Names

Description of part names

Chapter 3 Unit Installation

Preparation for measurements

Chapter 4 Basic Operations

Description of basic operations

Chapter 5 Applied Operations

Setting the comparator and the temperature correction

Chapter 6 External Control Terminals

Description of the external control terminals

Chapter 7 The Other Functions

System resetting and error indications

Chapter 8 GP-IB Interface

Specifications and commands of GP-IB

Chapter 9 Printer Interface

Use of the printer interface

Chapter 10 Maintenance and Service

Disposing and trouble shooting

Index

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1.1 Features

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Chapter

Overvie

.1 Features

(1) 10μΩ minimum high accuracy and high resolution resistance measurement,

by 4-terminal measurement

(2) High speed resistance measurement of 90 times/second in its top (3) Connecting the temperature probe makes 0℃ to 40℃ temperature

measurement possible

(4) Auto range function is contained (5) Measurement ranges can be selected from external control terminal. (6) The components can be selected by the comparator. When changing the

measurement subjects, the 15 comparator tables set in advance make it possible. They can also be selected by external control terminal.

(7) When connecting the temperature probe, the resistance temperature is able to

be corrected by optional temperature and resistance temperature coefficient.

(8) The temperature of the measured object can be displayed, by conversion from

the measured resistance. Either the temperature (t) or the temperature rise (Δt) of the measured object can be selected for display. A comparator can also be used to provide a pass/fail decision from the displayed value.

(9) The unit can hold up to 15 sets (tables) of temperature conversions in memory.

The setting table can also be selected using the external control terminals.

(10) Trigger input, BCD output and comparator output make the unit match for

the line use.

(11) The measurement results can be printed with the 9203 DIGITAL PRINTER.

The results also can be shown as statistics. (option)

(12) Full remote control by GP-IB is possible (option). (13) The measurement results can be printed to the centronics printer (option).

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1.2 Specifications

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.2.1 General Specifications

Measurement method and operating method

4-terminal and dual integrator circuit

Maximum number of display digit

Resistance measurement "30000" 4 digit (3 digit when at FAST) Temperature measurement "4000" 3 digit Temperature conversion "±999.9" 4 digit

Sampling rate

Resistance measurement "SLOW" Approx. 4 times/second

"MEDIUM" Approx. 16 times/second "FAST" Approx. 90 times/second

Temperature measurement Approx. 2 times/second

NOTE: When performing the comparator as reference value-per-range, in "FAST", the sampling rate

would be approximately 75 times/seconds

Response time

Resistance measurement "SLOW" Approx. 500 ms

"MEDIUM" Approx. 150 ms "FAST" Approx. 50 ms

Auto range Contains (invalid when using the comparator) Input over "OF" display Comparator Set with each 15 table (selected by key operation and external

control) Comparison method selection (HIGH/LOW, REF/%) External control terminal mode selection (AUTO/EXT) Buzzer mode selection (Hi/Lo, IN, OFF) 3-level (Hi, IN, Lo) fluorescent character display tube display, external control output.

Temperature correction function Correctional temperature (0.00℃ to 40.00℃,32F to 104 F)

Standard temperature (-10.0℃ to 99.9℃,14F to 122 F) Temperature coefficient (±9999ppm) Optional settings are possible

Temperature conversion function Absolute temperature/temperature rise(Δt) selectable

initial resistance (0.00 mΩ to 300.00 kΩ) initial temperature ( −10.0 ℃ to 99.9 ℃) coefficient ( ±999.9) Optional settings are possible

Maximum over load input 100 VDC or VAC rms (circuit protection by fuse)

.2 Specifications

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1.2 Specifications

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Dielectric strength

Between the case and the input terminal

1.5 kVAC

Between the case and the powe

supply line

1.5 kVAC (sensitivity current: 5 mA)

Insulation resistance Between the case and the input terminal (for a minute)

Between the case and the power supply line (for a minute) 100 MΩ or more

External control

Open corrector output BCD 5 digit, measurement end, NG, comparator result TTL input measuring range, comparator table, measurement trigger, print

zero adjustment, comparator output, temperature conversion table

External interface The 9588 GP-IB INTERFACE (IEEE 488.2) (option) Printer interface 9589 CENTRONICS (option) Operating temperature/humidity 0℃ to 40℃ (32 Fto104F), 80% RH or less (no condensation) Storage temperature/humidity -10℃ to 50℃ (14 Fto122F), 80% RH or less (no condensation) Power supply and power

consumption

100, 110, 120, 200, 220, 240 VAC (±10%, 250 V MAX), 50/60 Hz, maximum 40 VA

Dimensions and mass 215W×80H×320D mm (8.46"W×3.15"H×12.6"D) (excluding

protrusions), approx. 3.0 kg (105.8 oz.)

NOTE

･ The temperature correction function or the temperature conversion function is

selected when the unit is powered on, and only one of these functions can be used at a time.

･ When using the temperature conversion function, the comparator uses its own

table (High/Low only).

･ Selection of the comparator table with the external interface constitutes a

temperature conversion table selection.

･ Auto ranging is always used when the temperature conversion function is

used.

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1.2 Specifications

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.2.2 Resistance Measurement

Condition 23℃±5℃ (73 F ±9 F), 80% RH or less (no condensation),

After zero adjustment

Pre-heating period 30 minutes Accuracy assurance period 6 months

Table 1 4-1/2 digit (sampling rate:SLOW)

Range 300 mΩ 3 Ω 30 Ω 300 Ω 3kΩ 30 kΩ 300 kΩ Resolution 10 μΩ 100 μΩ 1mΩ 10 mΩ 100 mΩ 1 Ω 10 Ω Measurement

current

100 mA 10 mA 1mA 10 μA

Maximum applied voltage

30 mV 300 mV 3V 300 mV 3V

Accuracy *

±0.1% rdg

±8 dgt.

0.08% rdg. ±3 dgt. ±0.1% rdg.±3dgt.

Temperature coefficient

(±0.01% rdg.±0.5 dgt.)/℃

Open-terminal voltage

7.0 Vmax

* If the sampling rate is set to MEDIUM, add 3 dgt to the digit accuracy error.

Table 2 3-1/2 digit (sampling rate:FAST)

Range 300 mΩ 3 Ω 30 Ω 300 Ω 3kΩ Resolution 100 μΩ 1mΩ 10 mΩ 100 mΩ 1 Ω Measurement

current

100 mA 10 mA 1mA

Maximum applied voltage

30 mV 300 mV 3V

Accuracy ±0.2% rdg. ±5 dgt. Temperature

coefficient

(±0.01% rdg.±0.1 dgt.)/℃

Open-terminal voltage

7.0 Vmax

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1.2 Specifications

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.2.3 Temperature Measurements

Temperature sensor Platinum resistance element Dielectric strength 1000 VAC between the temperature sensor sheath and the

voltage terminal(-).

Accuracy assurance range 0.00℃ to 40.00℃ Resolution 0.01℃ Accuracy ±0.5℃ Temperature coefficient ±0.02×(t-23)℃

t : environment temperature where the 3227 is located (℃).

.2.4 Temperature Correction Function

Temperature correction range 0.00℃ to 40.00℃ (32 F to 104 F) Standard temperature range -10.0℃ to 99.9℃ (14 F to 212 F) Resistance temperature coefficient

range

-9999 ppm to 9999 ppm

Accuracy In the temperature correction, add the value obtained by the

expression below to the accuracy of the resistance measurement

±0.5α×100

(%)

1+α((t

0.5) - t

)

t: Environment temperature t

: Standard temperature

α: Resistance temperature coefficient

0.5: Temperature measurement accuracy

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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.3.1 4-terminal Measurements

Ohmmete

Resistance R

Voltmeter

Constant current sourc

Measurement Using the 4-terminal Method

.3 Measurements and Working Systems

Regular 2-terminal measurement measures even the value which includes the resistance of the measurement leads or the terminal area. Particularly, when measuring the low resistance, it is necessary to measure the value without this resistance value. 4-terminal measurement is able to measure that value.

4-terminal measurement and 2-terminal measurement are explained as follows. In the figure below, there is very big input impedance in the voltmeter, and all of the current I flows to the measured resistance R

. The r

to r

means the resistance of the measurement leads or the contact resistance

of the terminal area.

All of the current I flows to the measured resistance R

. Therefore, the

voltage drop of r

and r

become 0, and voltage E and the voltage drop E

each end of the measured resistance R

become equal. Accordingly, the

resistance measurement without influence of r

to r

becomes possible.

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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Ohmmete

Resistance R

Constant current sourc

Voltmeter

Measurement Using the 2-terminal Method

.3.2 Temperature Probe

Shield cabl

Platinum film resisto

322

The Internal Circuit of the Temperature Probe

The current I flows to the measured resistance R

and the wiring resistance r

and r

. Therefore, the measuring voltage E can be obtained by E=I(r

and it would include the wiring resistance r

and r

The 9188 TEMPERATURE PROBE makes temperature measurement and the temperature correction function easy. In this section, explain the principle of them. See Section 3.4.2, "Temperature Correction and Temperature Measurement", for connecting the temperature probe.

(1) Temperature measurement

The internal circuit of the temperature probe is as follows.

The temperature probe uses the platinum film resistor which is changeable according to the temperature, as the temperature sensor. This probe displays the resistance value of that register, detected by the 3227, after converting it to the temperature using the CPU.

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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(2) Temperature Correction Function

The temperature correction function displays the optional temperature coefficient resistance value after converting to the resistance value of the optional temperature. The resistance depends on the ambient temperature, and it is of little use to measure the resistance while ignoring this temperature dependence.

In the following expression, the resistance value R

and R

corresponds to the

resistance value of t ℃ and the measured subjects of t

℃ (resistance

temperature coefficient in t

℃ : αt

)

＝ R

× {1＋α

× (t−t

)}

The 3227 obtains the correctional resistance value (R

) from calculating the temperature measured by the temperature probe (t), the resistance value of the measured subjects (R

), the standard temperature (t

) and temperature

coefficient (α

) by CPU. For example, the resistance value of the copper wire that will be 100Ω under 30℃ would be followingly under 20℃.

＝

{1＋α

× (t−t

)}

100

＝

{１＋(3930×10

−6

)×(30−20)}

＝96.22

See Section 5.3, "Setting the Temperature Correction" and Section 5.4, "Executing the Temperature Correction", for how to set and execute the temperature correction. Also see "Reference Material" at the end of this chapter.

(3) Temperature conversion function

The temperature conversion function uses the temperature dependence of the resistance to convert measured resistance values to temperature values and display them.

According to JIS C4004, the temperature rise can be derived by the resistive method as follows:

Δt=

(T ＋ t

) − (T ＋ t)

: coil resistance under cold conditions

: present coil resistance

: ambient temperature when measuring coil resistance under cold

conditions t: present ambient temperature T: constant (copper: 235, aluminum: 230)

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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NOTE

For example, for a copper conductor, if when the initial temperature t

is 20℃

the resistance value r

is 200 mΩ, and the present ambient temperature is 25

℃ and the measured resistance value r

is 210 mΩ, then the temperature rise

is given as follows:

Δt=

(T ＋ t

) − (T ＋ t)

210×10

-3

(200×10

-3

)×(235 + 20) - (235 + 25)

= 7.75[℃]

As a result, the present temperature of the resistance, t

can be found as

follows:

+ Δt = 20 + 7.75 = 27.75℃

When the measured object is not copper or aluminum, from the expression shown for the temperature correction and the above expression, if the temperature coefficient is α

, the constant T can be found from the following

expression:

-t

For example, since the temperature coefficient of copper at 20℃ is 3930 ppm, the constant T at this time is given by

- 20 = 234.5,

3930×10

-6

and is substantially the same as the constant 235 laid down by the JIS standard.

Note that the temperature probe is only designed to measure ambient air temperature, and it is impossible to measure the surface temperature. If the temperature probe is to be used in the measurement, make sure that the 3227 and the temperature probe are thoroughly warmed up before the measurement. The temperature probe and the device to be measured should be placed close together during the warm-up, so that both will be as close to the same temperature as possible during the measurement.

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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.3.3 Measurement Value Display

4 Digit Display

3 Digit Display

REF

(1) Measurement value display

Resistance measurement mode Resistance value display

Display the resistance value of 4

digit (MEDIUM, SLOW) and 3 digit

(FAST) by the sampling rate.

Deviation display Display the deviation (see the expression below), when comparing with

comparison of the standard value/range.

Resistance measurement value

Deviation ＝

Standard value

See Section 1.3.4, "Comparator Function", for the comparator.

Temperature measurement mode

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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AUTO

Over Flow Display

NG Display

HOLD

Invalid Data Display

NOTE

Temperature conversion mode When the temperature conversion function is selected at power on, when the TC indication on the display is on continuously the converted temperature value is displayed. When it is blinking, the temperature difference (Δt) is displayed.

(2) The other display

When the measurement value exceeds the measuring range (30000 count), the over flow (OF) display is indicated. However, while using the temperature correction function, this display is indicated when the measuring range exceeds 99999 count.

When the constant current in the source of current (SOURCE) has any error, NG display is indicated.

・When the measured resistance value is too big, compared with the measuring

range. Example:

・When intended to measure 300Ω in the 300mΩ range. ・When the lead wire has been ruptured. ・When the different connection has done among 4-terminals. ・When the leads has opened.

When no measurement has done after turning on the power supply, the invalid data display is indicated.

An "NG" result is always detected even when not carrying out measurement. Thus even in the HOLD state, if there is a constant current fault, "NG" on the display lights with displaying the measurement value being held.

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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.3.4 Comparator Function

NOTE

Setting limit Display

Resistace measurement

High limit value

HIGH

0 to 99999

Low limit value

LOW

0 to 99999

Temperature

High limit value

HIGH

-999.9 to 999.9℃

Low limit value

LOW

-999.9 to 999.9℃

Setting limit Display

Standard value

REF

0 to 99999

Range

0.00 to 99.99%

There are 15 comparator setting tables in the 3227, and the different contents are able to set to each table. See Section 5.1, "Setting the Comparator" and Section 5.2, "Executing the Comparator", for how to set and execute the comparator. See Chapter 6, "External Control Terminals", for the external control terminals.

The comparator is valid only in the resistance measurement mode, and unable to use in the temperature measurement mode. The comparator and the auto range should be used separately. While displaying the converted temperature, the 3227 has only one comparator setting table. The comparator tables for normal resistance measurement cannot be used. In this case reference value/range comparisons also cannot be executed.

(1) Executing the comparator

The result of the comparator is displayed as follows. Displayed value > High limit value

High limit value ≧ Displayed value ≧ Low limit value Low limit value > Displayed value

The result of the comparator is able to output to the external control terminal.

In the over range and the NG states, the comparator result is HIGH.

(2) Comparison method of the comparator

Comparison according to high limit value/low limit value

Comparison according to standard value/range

Comparison value High limit value = standard value + (｜standard value｜×range ÷ 100) Low limit value = standard value - (｜standard value｜×range ÷ 100)

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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NOTE

Type Constituents [%]

Density (×10

)

[kg/m

]

Conductivity

Temperature coefficient of

resistance (20℃

)

[ppm]

Annealed copper

wire

Cu ＞ 99.9 8.89 1.00 to 1.02 3810 to 3970

Hard drawn coppe

wire

Cu ＞ 99.9 8.89 0.96 to 0.98 3770 to 3850

Cadmium-copper

alloy wire

Cd 0.7 to 1.2 8.94 0.85 to 0.88 3340 to 3460

Silver-copper alloy

wire

Ag 0.03 to 0.1 8.89 0.96 to 0.98 3930

Chromium copper Cr 0.4 to 0.8 0.89

0.40 to 0.50

0.80 to 0.85

20 30

Corson alloy wire

Ni 2.5 to 4.0 Si 0.5 to 1.0

0.25 to 0.45 980 to 1770

Annealed aluminum

wire

AI ＞ 99.5 2.7 0.63 to 0.64 42

Hard drawn

aluminum wire

AI ＞ 99.5 2.7 0.60 to 0.62 40

Aldrey wire

Si 0.4 to 0.6

Mg 0.4 to 0.5

Parts containing A

0.50 to 0.55 36

･ When comparing by the standard value/range, the measurement value is

displayed as the deviation.

･ Always set the high limit value bigger than the low limit value. ･ Ignoring the measurement range, perform the comparison only by the

measurement count value.

･ The digit which is not indicated on the display is dealt as 0, when performing

the comparison.

(3) Buzzer mode

HL The buzzer would sound in case of HIGH or LOW. IN The buzzer would sound in case of IN. OFF No buzzer would sound.

(4) External control terminal mode

AUTO The comparator result is output with each samples. EXT The comparator result is output by the MANU

―――――――

terminal state in the

external control terminal.

Reference Material

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1.3 Measurements and Working Systems

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Diameter [mm]

Annealed copper

wire

Tin-plated annealed

copper wire

Hard drawn coppe

wire

0.10 to 0.26

(excluding 0.26

)

0.98 0.93

0.26 to 0.50

(excluding 0.50

)

0.993 0.94 0.96

0.50 to 2.00

(excluding 2.00

)

1.00 0.96 0.96

2.00 to 8.00

(excluding 8.00

)

1.00 0.97 0.97

× C

+(t 20

)

0.00393 × 0.9

+ (20 20

)

≒ 3650 (ppm

)

(1) Properties of metal and alloy conductive materials

(2) Conductivity of copper wire

The temperature coefficient changes in relation to temperature and conductivity. Assume the temperature coefficient is α

at 20℃ and that the

temperature coefficient is α

at t (℃) with a conductivity of C. Then Ct at

around room temperature is represented as follows:

The temperature coefficient of international standard annealed copper is 3930 ppm at 20℃. For tin-plated annealed copper wire (not less than 0.10 but below 0.26 in diameter), the temperature coefficient α

at 20℃ can be

calculated using the following formula:

Page 27

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

2.1 Front Panel

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

AUTO UP DOWN

GP-IB ADRS

ENTER

CLEAR

SHIFT

COMP

LOCK

TEMP

HOLD

0 ADJ

SAMP

50/60Hz

SET

INPUT

SENSE SOURCE

▼

12345678910111213

1234567

91011121314

Chapter

Part Name

.1 Front Panel

Display AUTO key UP key DOWN key Cusor keys ENTER key TEMP key (Temperature measurement (zero adjustment) ) HOLD key (Sampling rate setting) COMP key (Comparator setting) LOCK key (Power supply frequency setting) TC key (Temperature correction setting) SHIFT key Input terminals Handle

Page 28

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

2.2 Rear Panel

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

1516171819

51617181920

.2 Rear Panel

Power supply inlet POWER switch Digital I/O connector Temperature probe connector External control terminal block Option slot

Page 29

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

2.3 Displays

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

REMOTE LOCK SHIFT

FMS

AUTO

HOLD

HIGH

REF

LOW

ppm

COMP

High limit value Standard value Setting value Range Resistance coefficien

Standard temperature Low limit value

Sampling rat

Auto rang

Hold stat

Comparato

Temperatur

correctio

Measurement unit

Remote state Key shift state Comparator resu

Measurement value Key lock state NG

.3 Displays

Page 30

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

2.4 Accessory and Options

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Sensor par

Cabl

Connecto

HIOKI 9188

MADE IN JAPAN

GP-IB connecto

9588 GP-IB INTERFACE

GP-IB

MADE IN JAPAN

9589 PRINTER INTERFACE

MADE IN JAPAN

Printer connecto

.4 Accessory and Options

Accessory 9188 TEMPERATURE PROBE

Options 9588 GP-IB INTERFACE

9589 PRINTER INTERFACE

Page 31

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3.1 Installing the Interfaces

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

WARNIN

To prevent electric shock, before adding or replacing the interface, check that the power for the unit is off and the power cord and connectors are disconnected. The fixing screws must be firmly tightened, or the input unit may not function up to specification, or may even fail.

To avoid the danger of electric shock, never operate the unit with an interface removed. If you should wish to use the unit after removing an interface, fit a blank panel over the opening of the removed unit.

NOTE

Chapter

Unit Installatio

.1 Installing the Interfaces

The following is the explanation for the installing method of the 9588 GP-IB INTERFACE and the 9589 PRINTER INTERFACE.

Do not install any interface unit except the 9588 and the 9589.

Page 32

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3.1 Installing the Interfaces

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

On the rear panel of this unit, the option slot to install the interfaces is covered with the blank plate. Please install the interfaces according to following order.

1. Take off the blank plate. (Please keep the screws.)

2. Insert the interface with holding the guide rail between the rail of the 3227.

3. Insert the interface tightly, be sure to tighten the screws which have been unscrewed in step 1.

Page 33

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3.2 Turning on the Power Supply

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.2 Turning on the Power Supply

(1) Confirm whether the power supply voltage shown on the rear panel and that

intended to use are same. (2) Confirm whether the POWER switch is OFF. (3) Connect the accessory power code to the power supply inlet. (4) Connect the power code to the 3-pole power outlet which has the protective

grounding terminal. When using the 2-pole power outlet, use the accessory

converter plug. In this case, always ground the green grounding wire of that

plug. (5) Turn on the

POWER switch.

Press the

TC key (temperature conversion key) until it beeps to select the

temperature correction function or the temperature conversion function.

If the last setting was the temperature correction function, this switches to the

temperature conversion function and vice versa. (6) Start the self test (self testing of the unit).

Light all displays.

Check ROM, RAM, the back up and the proofreading data, and the error

indications are displayed for the items of which any errors have generated.

When no error has generated, these indications are not displayed.

See Section 7.2, "Error Indications", for the error indications.

Page 34

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3.2 Turning on the Power Supply

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

When the temperature correction

function is selected

When the temperature conversion

function is selected

NOTE

Display the name of this unit, the version number and the power supply frequency settings. TC on the display indicates the function to be used, the temperature correction function or temperature conversion function. When TC on the display is blinking, the temperature conversion function is used.

(7) Enter the normal measurement state.

･ Before measurement, perform the warm up at least for 30 minutes after

turning on the power supply.

･ This unit contains the back up function. The previous settings appear, when

turning on the power supply. The back up function works until the internal lithium battery has consumed.

･ The battery would run down after four years. Please contact your nearest

service representative for the battery change.

･ It is not possible to use the temperature correction function and the

temperature conversion function at the same time.

･ In resistance measurement mode, if pressing the

TC key switches to the ℃

indication on the display, the temperature conversion function can be used.

Page 35

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3.3 Selecting the Power Supply Frequency

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

SHIFT

LOCK

50/60Hz

DOWNUP

ENTER

CLEAR

NOTE

.3 Selecting the Power Supply Frequency

1. Press the SHIFT key and enter the shift states. "SHIFT" on the display lights.

2. Press the LOCK key (power supply frequency setting key) and enter the power supply frequency setting mode. The power supply frequency is displayed with flashing.

3. Press the

UP or DOWN key to change the power supply

frequency. 50 Hz: Set the power supply frequency to 50. 60 Hz: Set the power supply frequency to 60.

4. Press the

ENTER key and decides the power supply

frequency. Then, return to the measurement mode.

When the incorrect power supply frequency has set, it is impossible to measure accurately. Always set the power supply frequency.

Page 36

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3.4 Preparation for Measurements

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.4.1 Resistance Measurements

Blac

SOURCE

SENSE SENCE

SOURCE SENSE

Blac

SOURCE SENSE

Red

Black

SOURCE

SENSE

SOURCE

SENSE

Shield

NOTE

.4 Preparation for Measurements

(1) When using the 9287 CLIP-TYPE LEAD (accessory)

Insert the lead to the input terminal of the front panel. Connect them with putting the red ▼ mark of the 3227 upon the same mark of the red lead, and the black ▼ mark upon the same mark of the black lead.

(2) When using the self-made leads

Connect them as follows.

When making the leads on your own work, be sure to shield to measure accurately, and make the cable length within 5 m (the resistance of the wires are 100 mΩ/m or less.)

Page 37

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3.4 Preparation for Measurements

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.4.2 Temperature Correction and Temperature Measurements

NOTE

Connect the 9188 to the temperature probe connector of the rear panel with putting the grooves of the temperature probe and that connector together, until it clicks.

Page 38

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3.5 Handle Operation

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.5 Handle Operation

The handle is able to use as the stand. Pull the each side of the handle and turn it, then push it in. The handle is able to fix every 22.5。. Use after fixing it to the proper direction.

Page 39

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.1 Operating Procedure

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.1.1 Function Classes

Turning on the powe

Self test

Resistance measurement mode

Comparator setting mode

Temperature correction setting mode

Frequency setting mode

GP-IB address setting mode

Temperature measurement mode

Selecting the measurement range

Selecting the sampling rate

Selecting the comparator executing

Selecting the temperature correction executing

Selecting the measurement holding

Executing the zero adjustment

Selecting the measurement holding

A: This shows every kind of mode. The key input are accepted in this mode. Otherwise, in the

resistance measurement mode and the temperature measurement mode, execute and display the measurement.

B: Select and execute each settings. After selecting or executing, return to the primary mode.

Selecting the temperature correction/the temperature conversio

Temperature conversion setting mode

Selecting the temperature conversion executing

Chapter

Basic Operation

.1 Operating Procedure

Page 40

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.1 Operating Procedure

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

NOTE

.1.2 Key Shift States

TEMP

0 ADJ

.1.3 Key Lock State

LOCK

50/60Hz

.1.4 Remote State

NOTE

･ It is impossible to move to the GP-IB address setting mode without installing

the GP-IB interface unit as an option.

･ It is not possible to use the temperature correction function and the

temperature conversion function at the same time.

Under the key shift states, "SHIFT" on the display lights. When pressing any key under this state, execute the function shown in the blue words under the keys. When pressing any key out of this state, execute the function shown in the white words on the keys.

TEMP Executable functions out of the key shift state (white words). 0 ADJ Executable functions under the key shift state (blue words).

For example, pressing

TEMP key executes zero adjustment under the key shift

state, and selects the measurement mode out of the key shift state. Pressing the

SHIFT key is able to select either the key shift state or the normal

state.

Under the key lock states, "LOCK" on the display lights and all key except are invalid. To enter or release the key lock state, press the

LOCK key.

Under the remote states, "REMOTE" on the display lights and all key except

LOCK are invalid. When receiving any commands from GP-IB, enter this state.

In the each kind of setting mode, such as the comparator setting mode, when receiving any commands from GP-IB, the 3227 returns to the primary measurement mode automatically and enters the remote state.

To release the remote state, press

LOCK key, except receiving LLO (Local Lock

Out) command from GP-IB. When receiving this command, to release the remote state, send GTL (Go To Local) command from GP-IB.

Page 41

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.1 Operating Procedure

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.1.5 Valid Input Key Table

● : Key input is valid.

−: Key input is invalid.

Keys

Out of the shift state In the shift state

Lock state

Remote

state

Resistanc

Temper-

ature

Setting Res istanc

Temper-

ature

Setting

TEMP

0 ADJ

● ● − ● − − − −

COMP

SET

● − − ● *

● − − −

SET

● − − ● *

● − − −

HOLD

SAMPL

● ● − ● − − − −

LOCK

50/60Hz

● ● ● ● ● − ● ●*3

SHIFT

● ● ● *

− −

AUTO

● *

− ● *

− − − − −

● − ● − − − − −

DOWN

● − ● − − − − −

● − ● *1 − − − − −

GP-IB ADRS

● − ● *1 ● ● − − −

ENTER

CLEAR

− − ● − − ● *

− −

*1: Invalid when setting the GP-IB address or the power supply frequency *2: Valid only when setting the comparator tables or the temperature conversion tables *3: Invalid under the LLO (Local Lock State) state *4: Invalid under the holding state and when using the auto range (excluding when the temperature

conversion functino is selected) *5: Invalid when using the comparator or displaying the temperature conversion *6: Valid only when setting the temperature conversion tables

Page 42

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.2 Selecting the Measurement Mode

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

TEMP

0 ADJ

Resistance Measurement Mode

Temperature Measurement Mode

NOTE

.2 Selecting the Measurement Mode

Pressing the TEMP key (temperature measurement key) selects either the resistance measurement mode or the temperature measurement mode.

When the 9188 is not connected, the temperature mode is unable to select. If intend to select, error is generated.

Page 43

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.3 Resistance Measurement Mode

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.3.1 Selecting the Sampling Rate

SHIFT

HOLD

SAMPL

SLOW

MEDIUM

FAST

REF

SLOW

REF

MEDIUM

REF

FAST

.3 Resistance Measurement Mode

1. Press the SHIFT key and enter the shift states. "SHIFT" on the display lights.

2. Press the

SAMPL key (sampling rate setting key) and select the sampling

rate.

3. The sampling rate changes in order of SLOW, MEDIUM and FAST with repeating the step 1. and 2., and the displays change as follows.

Resistance value display

Deviation display

Page 44

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.3 Resistance Measurement Mode

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

AUTO

SLOW

AUTO

MEDIUM

AUTO

FAST

NOTE

.3.2 Selecting the Measuring Range

AUTO

DOWN

Temperature conversion display

When the sampling rate is FAST, 30 k and 300 kΩ range are unable to select. When set the sampling rate to FAST in 30 kΩ and 300 kΩ range, the measurement range becomes 3 kΩ range automatically.

The measurement range can also be selected by the external control terminal. See Chapter 6, "External Control Terminals", for the external control terminals.

Auto range Pressing the

AUTO key selects whether the auto range or the manual range.

In case of the auto range, on the display lights, the measuring range changes to proper range according to the resistance value of the measured subjects.

Manual range Select the measuring range by the

UP and DOWN key.

When pressing these keys under the auto range state, the range would be the manual range, but not select any measuring range.

Page 45

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.3 Resistance Measurement Mode

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

300 mΩrange 3Ωrange

30Ωrange 300Ωrange

3kΩrange 30 kΩrange

300 kΩrange

NOTE

The displays change as follows, according to the measuring range (in case of the resistance value display)

When intend to execute the comparator during using the auto range, the range becomes the manual range automatically. During executing the comparator, the auto range is unable to use. When the sampling rate is FAST, 30k Ω and 300 kΩ range are unable to select. During displaying the deviation, the state of the measuring range are not displayed on the display. To confirm it, turn off the comparator once. When moving the measuring range under the measurement holding state, the measuring range is able to change, but the measurement point value is unable to change. During temperature conversion display, auto ranging is used. It is not possible to select the measurement range.

Page 46

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.3 Resistance Measurement Mode

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.3.3 Zero Adjustment

Red Black

SENSE

Right method Wrong method

SOURCE

SENSE

SOURSE

Red Black

SOURCE

SENSE

SOURCE

SENSE

Connect

SENSE SOURCE

HI LO HI LO

Connect

SHIFT

TEMP

0 ADJ

NOTE

The zero adjustment cancels the wiring resistance in case that the accurate 4terminal measurement is impossible. This is also able to execute from the external control terminal. See Chapter 6, "External Control Terminal", for details.

(1) Short the leads as follows.

When executing by the 9287

When executing by the self-made lead

(2) Press the

SHIFT key and enter the shift states. "SHIFT" on the display lights.

(3) Press the

0 ADJ key and execute the zero adjustment.

Display "O AdJ" during executing the zero adjustment. After the zero adjustment, return to the resistance measurement mode.

To measure accurately, the leads should connect correctly. The zero adjustment is valid only in the measuring range which execute it. Always execute the zero adjustment in the measuring range which is intended to use. The zero adjustment is unable to execute while using the auto range. However, during using the auto range, the wiring resistance is canceled according to the result of the zero adjustment executed in the manual range. The zero adjustment is unable to execute under the holding state. The range able to execute the zero adjustment is within 100 count. When the value over 100 count is input, an error is generated.

Page 47

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.4 Resistance Measurement

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

NOTE

.4 Resistance Measurement

(1) Insert the measurement lead into the input terminal.

See Section 3.4.1, "Resistance Measurement", for how to connect the measurement leads.

To measure accurately, the leads should connect correctly.

(2) Set the measurement mode to the resistance measurement.

See Section 4.2, "Selecting the Measurement Mode", for how to select the

measurement mode. (3) Select the sampling rate and the measurement range. (4) Execute the zero adjustment.

See Section 4.3, "Resistance Measurement Mode", for the sampling rate,

selecting the measuring range, and the zero adjustment. (5) Connect the lead to the measured subjects (Rx), and read the measurement

value.

See Section 1.3.3, "Measurement Value Display", for measurement value

display.

Page 48

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.5 Temperature Measurement

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

NOTE

.5 Temperature Measurement

(1) Connect the 9188 to the temperature probe connector.

See Section 3.4.2, "Temperature Correction and Temperature Measurements", for connecting the temperature probe.

(2) Set the measurement mode to the temperature measurement.

See Section 4.2, "Selecting the Measurement Mode", for selecting the measurement mode.

(3) Put the sensor part of the 9188 to the measuring place, and read the

measurement value. See Section 1.3.3 "Measurement Value Display", for the display of the

measurement value.

･ The temperature measurement is unable to execute when the temperature

probe is unconnected or ruptured.

･ To prevent the inaccurate temperature measurement, do not take the

temperature probe with bare hands.

･ It is impossible to measure with the sensor part of the temperature probe on

the subjects. It should be used only for measuring the surrounding temperature.

･ If the temperature probe is to be used in the measurement, make sure that

the 3227 and the temperature probe are thoroughly warmed up before the measurement. If it is not used to the surrounding temperature, the serious error is generated.

Page 49

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.6 Holding the Measurement Value

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

HOLD

SAMPL

NOTE

.6 Holding the Measurement Value

During holding the measurement, the value which is obtained on the HOLD

key is pressed is held. The measurement and its display are not renewed

except when the external control terminal requires the measurement.

During free-running, they are renewed according to the rate which is set as

the sampling rate. See Chapter 6, "External Control Terminal", for the

measurement requirement from the external control terminal.

Pressing the

HOLD key selects either the measurement holding or the free-

running.

During holding the measurement, "HOLD" on the display lights.

An "NG" result is always detected even when not carrying out measurements.

Thus even in the HOLD state, if there is a constant current fault, "NG" on the

display lights.

Page 50

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4.6 Holding the Measurement Value

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Page 51

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.1 Setting the Comparator

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.1.1 Setting the Comparator 1

SHIFT

COMP

SET

HIGH

LOW

Comparator table number Buzzer mode External control terminal mod

Comparison method

High limit value or standard valu

Low limit value or rang

NOTE

HIGH

LOW

Chapter

Applied Operation

.1 Setting the Comparator

(1) Press the SHIFT key and enter the shift states. "SHIFT" on the display lights. (2) Press the

COMP key and enter the comparator table setting mode.

The comparator table which never has been set or been invalidated in Section

5.1.3, "Eliminating the Comparator Table" is displayed as shown below.

Page 52

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.1 Setting the Comparator

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

HIGH

LOW

GP-IB ADRS

DOWN

NOTE

ENTER

CLEAR

NOTE

While displaying the converted temperature, the 3227 has only one comparator setting table. In this case reference value/range comparisons also cannot be executed. The comparator setting in this case is displayed as shown below.

(3)Move the flashing cursor to the setting items with the cursor keys.

(4) Set the items with the

UP or DOWN key.

See Section 1.3.4, "Comparator Function", for the details of the setting contents.

Select the comparator table number ( "01"to "15"). During using the temperature conversion function, comparator table number

is unable to change. Select the buzzer mode.

HL The buzzer sounds in case of HIGH or LOW. IN The buzzer sounds in case of IN. OF No buzzer sound.

Select the mode of the external control terminal

A The comparator result is output with each samples. E The comparator result is output by the "MANU

―――――――

" state in the external

control terminal.

Select the comparison method of the comparator

HIGH , LOW The comparator is compared as high limit value/low limit value. REF, % The comparator is compared as standard value/range.

Select either high limit value/low limit value or standard value/range. To change the value, move the cursor to that digit ("0" to "9"). The comparison range of the comparator is decided by these selection and the comparison method of the comparator．

(5) Pressing the

ENTER key decides the setting contents and return to the

resistance measurement mode. Start comparing of the comparator according to the comparator table.

Always set the high limit value bigger than the low limit value. If the bigger low limit value is set, the setting contents are not decided, and the mode does not return to the resistance measurement mode.

Page 53

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.1 Setting the Comparator

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.1.2 Setting the Comparator 2

GP-IB ADRS

HIGH

LOW

Comparison method

High limit value or standard value Low limit value or rang

NOTE

GP-IB ADRS

DOWN

ENTER

CLEAR

NOTE

(1)Pressing the cursor keys, enter the comparator setting mode.

In this mode, set the current comparator table to be used. When the

comparator is not used, set the comparator table 1.

(2) Move flashing cursor to the setting items with the cursor keys.

(3) Set the items with the

UP or DOWN key.

See Section 1.3.4, "Comparator Function", for the details of the setting

contents.

Select the comparison method of the comparator

HIGH , LOW The comparator is compared as high limit value/low limit value.

REF, % The comparator is compared as standard value/range.

Select either high limit value/low limit value or standard value/range.

To change the value, move the cursor to that digit ("0" to "9").

The comparison range of the comparator is decided by these selection and the

comparison method of the comparator．

(4) Pressing the

ENTER key decides the setting contents and return to the

resistance measurement mode. Start comparing of the comparator according to the comparator table.

Always set the high limit value bigger than the low limit value. If the bigger

low limit value is set, the setting contents are not decided, and the mode does

not return to the resistance measurement mode.

Page 54

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.1 Setting the Comparator

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.1.3 Eliminating the Comparator Table

SHIFT

DOWNUP

ENTER

CLEAR

COMP

SET

SHIFT

(1) Press the SHIFT key and enter the shift states.

"SHIFT" on the display lights.

(2) Press the

COMP key and enter the comparator table

setting mode.

(3) Select the comparator table intend to eliminate.

See Section 5.1.1, "Setting the Comparator Table", for details.

(4) Press the

SHIFT key and enter the shift states.

"SHIFT" on the display lights.

(5) Pressing the

CLEAR (ENTER) key invalidates the

displaying comparator table and return to the resistance measurement. In this case, the comparator is not executed. (It would be OFF.)

Page 55

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.2 Executing the Comparator

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

COMP

SET

NOTE

.2 Executing the Comparator

Pressing the COMP key displays the comparator table number in order ("01" to

"15", "OFF"). In this case, skip the comparator table which has not been set

or been invalidated in Section 5.1.3, "Eliminating the Comparator Table."

Return to the resistance measurement mode after displaying the comparator

table number about for a second, and execute the comparator.

When intend to execute the comparator during using the auto range, the

range becomes the manual range automatically. During executing the

comparator, the auto range is unable to use.

Page 56

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.3 Setting the Temperature Correction

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

SHIFT

SET

GP-IB ADRS

DOWN

ENTER

CLEAR

ppm

Standard temperature Temperature coefficient

NOTE

.3 Setting the Temperature Correction

(1) Press the SHIFT key and enter the shift states. "SHIFT" on the display

lights.

(2) Press the

TC key and enter the temperature correction setting mode.

(3) Move flashing display to the setting items with the cursor keys.

(4) Set the digits of the standard temperature or the temperature coefficient

with the UP or DOWN key ("0" to "9","-").

(5) Pressing the enter key decides the setting contents and return to the

resistance measurement mode. Start executing the temperature correction according to the setting contents.

･ When intend to decide the setting contents with the

ENTER key in case that

standard temperature exceeds the range of -10.0℃ to 99.9℃，the error is generated. In this case, the setting contents are not decided, and the mode does not return to the resistance measurement mode.

･ When the temperature conversion function is selected at power on, the setting

screen for the temperature conversion function appears.

･ See Section 5.5, "Setting the Temperature Conversion", for details.

Page 57

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.4 Executing the Temperature Correction

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

SET

NOTE

.4 Executing the Temperature Correction

Pressing the TC key selects whether executing the temperature correction or

not.

When executing the temperature correction, "TC" on the display lights.

When the 9188 is not connected, the temperature mode is unable to select. If

intend to select, an error is generated.

When the value after executing the temperature correction exceeds 99999

count, the over flow display is indicated. For example, in case that the

standard temperature is set to 90.0℃，the temperature coefficient is set to

8000 ppm, the measurement value is 30000 count, and the environment

temperature is 0 ℃，the corrected resistance value exceeds 99999 count (see

the expression below), and the over flow display is indicated.

30000

Rt =

= 107142 (count)

1 + 8000 × 10

-6

×(0-90.0)

When the temperature conversion function is selected at power on, the

temperature conversion function is executed.

For details, see Section 5.6, "Excecuting the Temperature Conversion

Function".

Page 58

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.5 Setting the Temperature Conversion

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

SET

SHIFT

Table Number Display

Initial resistance value

Initial temperature Constant

Setting Screen

AUTO

NOTE

GP-IB ADRS

DOWN

ENTER

CLEAR

NOTE

.5 Setting the Temperature Conversion

(1) Press the SHIFT key and enter the shift states. "SHIFT" on the display lights.

(2) Pressing the

TC key first displays the temperature conversion table number

for a while, then enters the temperature conversion setting mode. Pressing the

TC key again makes it possible to select the table number.

(3) Pressing the

AUTO key sets the initial resistance and initial temperature

values to the measured values before entering the temperature conversion mode. The constant value is also set to 235.0 (constant for copper).

When setting the current measurement value by pressing the

AUTO key, if a

valid resistance value or temperature is not measured, the initial resistance value is set to a 99999 display value (current measurement range) and the initial temperature is set to 99.9 ℃．

(4) Move flashing display to the setting items with the cursor keys.

(5) Set the digits of the initial resistance, the initial temperature, or the constant

with the

UP or DOWN key.

(6) Pressing the ENTER key decides the setting contents and return to the

temperature conversion mode. Start executing the temperature conversion according to the setting contents.

･ The setting range for each item is as follows. An attempt to set a value out of

range generates an error. In this case, the setting contents are not decided, and the mode does not return to the measurement mode.

Initial resistance: 0.00 mΩ to 999.99 kΩ Initial temperature: -10.0℃ to 99.9℃ Constant: -999.9 to 999.9

･ When the temperature correction function is selected at power on, the setting

screen for the temperature correction function appears. See Section 5.3, "Setting the Temperature Correction."

Page 59

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.6 Executing the Temperature Conversion

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

SET

AUTO

Resistance Value Display

AUTO

Temperature Conversion Display

AUTO

Δt Display

DOWN

NOTE

.6 Executing the Temperature Conversion

(1) Pressing the TC key changes the displays as shown below, cycling the

measurement mode through the resistance value display, the temperature conversion display, and the Δt display.

(2) Pressing the

UP or DOWN key selects the temperature conversion table. After

displaying the temperature conversion table number for a while, start executing the temperature conversion according to the selected table.

･ Connect the 9188 TEMPERATURE PROBE to execute the temperature

conversion. If it is not connected, an execution error is generated.

･ When temperature correction function is selected at power on, the function is

executed.

Page 60

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5.6 Executing the Temperature Conversion

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Page 61

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6.1 Connector

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.1.1 Terminal Block

TRIG 0 ADJ GND MANU PRINT Hi IN Lo

Signals Input and output Signals Input and output

GND Ground

――――――

Input

TRIG

―――――

Input Hi Output

MANU

―――――

Input IN Output

0 ADJ

―――――

Input Lo Output

Chapter

External Control Termina

.1 Connector

Page 62

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6.1 Connector

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.1.2 Digital I/O

11920

Socket side

numbe

Input and

output

Signals

numbe

Input and

output

Signals

1 Power supply VCC 20 Power supply VCC 2 Power supply VCC 21 Power supply VCC 3 Output BCD (1 digit) bit 0 22 Output BCD (1 digit) bit 1 4 Output BCD (1 digit) bit 2 23 Output BCD (1 digit) bit 3 5 Output BCD (2 digit) bit 0 24 Output BCD (2 digit) bit 1 6 Output BCD (2 digit) bit 2 25 Output BCD (2 digit) bit 3 7 Output BCD (3 digit) bit 0 26 Output BCD (3 digit) bit 1 8 Output BCD (3 digit) bit 2 27 Output BCD (3 digit) bit 3

9 Output BCD (4 digit) bit 0 28 Output BCD (4 digit) bit 1 10 Output BCD (4 digit) bit 2 29 Output BCD (4 digit) bit 3 11 Output BCD (5 digit) bit 0 30 Output BCD (5 digit) bit 1 12 Output BCD (5 digit) bit 2 31 Output BCD (5 digit) bit 3 13 Output EOC 32 Output NG 14 Input

COMP 0

――――――――

33 Input

RANGE 0

―――――――――

15 Input

COMP1

――――――――

34 Input

RANGE 1

―――――――――

16 Input

COMP 2

――――――――

35 Input

RANGE 2

―――――――――

17 Input

COMP 3

――――――――

36 Ground GND 18 Ground GND 37 Ground GND 19 Ground GND

Using socket DCSP-JB37S (made by Japan aviation electron)

50 pins receptacle

Adaptive pin DCSP-JB37P (conform to made by Japan aviation electron)

50 pins plug

Page 63

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6.2 Connecting Method

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.2.1 Terminal Block

.2.2 Digital I/O

CAUTIO

・To avoid damage to the unit, do not input a voltage or current exceeding the

rated input to the output terminal.

・To avoid damage to the unit, do not input a voltage or current exceeding the

allowable input to the external input terminal.

・In order to avoid electric shock, turn off the power to all devices before

plugging in or unplugging any of the digital I/O connectors.

・The wiring should be done certainly, not to be off the connected wire during

operation, and not to touch the conductive part of such as a body of equipment. Screw the connector of digital I/O to the connector of the 3227.

.2 Connecting Method

1. Prepare a suitable electric wire, taken the cover of the point off about 10 mm.

2. As shown below, press the pinch of the terminal in with a screwdriver, and insert the wire into the wire connection hole.

3. After connecting the wire, release the screwdriver and the wire is locked.

4. The wire is able to remove as following same procedure.

Recommended wire:

0.1 mm diameter single wire (AWG#18)

0.75 mm

stranded wire

Usable wire:

0.4 mm to 1.0 mm diameter single wire (AWG#26 to 18)

0.3 mm

to 0.75 mm

stranded wire (AWG#22 to 20) Strand diameter of 0.18 mm or more Standard stripping length: 10 mm

Page 64

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6.2 Connecting Method

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

1. Wire the lines putting the pins of the recommended connector upon the pin arrangement.

2. Insert the connector wired in (1) certainly to the digital I/O connector.

3. Screw the inserted connector to the connector of the 3227.

Page 65

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6.3 Electrical Specifications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.3.1 Power Supply Rating

VCC

Voltage(GND + 5 V) Approx. 200 mA max.

GND

Voltage(0 V)

NOTE

.3.2 Input and Output Rating

Input and output typ

Logic Electrical specification

Output Open corrector type Negative logic 35 V, 50 mA max.

Input TTL negative logic

NOTE

35 V max

50 mA max

Outpu

VCC (5 V

)

250 Ω

Connecting the Relay Connecting the LED Lamp Output Circui

GND

Outpu

322

.3 Electrical Specifications

In order to ensure the operation of this unit and accurate measurement, be sure to observe the following notes.

･ This power supply is able to use in about 200 mA max. The current over than

that is unable to supply. When need the power transitively, put the electrolytic capacitor in between VCC and GND.

･ GND is common with its of the main unit and the grounding wire of the AC

power supply. Do not connect to the GND of the measurement line so that it is insulated from the measurement circuit.

The rating of the open corrector switch is 35 V, 50 mA max. Use the relay or the LED lamp of which the current would be less than 50 mA when the power supply is 35 V or less and the switch is ON. When using the relay, always put the diode for absorbing the counter electromotive force.

Page 66

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6.3 Electrical Specifications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.3.3 Input and Output States

NOTE

VCC

GND

Input

VCC

GND

Input

VCC

GND

Input

In the state of "H" In the state of "L

RANGE

―――――――――

Resistance

measurement range

RANGE

―――――――――

Resistance

measurement range

2 1 0 2 1 0 H H H No change L H H 300 Ω H H L 300 mΩ L H L 3kΩ H L H 3 Ω L L H 30 kΩ H L L 30 Ω L L L 300 kΩ

The functions according to the state of input and output are shown below. See Section 6.4, "Signal Timing", for such as the detailed timing.

The external control terminal is valid only in the resistance measurement mode, except the print requiring input signal (PRINT

―――――――

). In the temperature

measurement mode the input signals except print requiring (PRINT

―――――――

) are invalid and each functions are not executed. The output signal keeps the state before changing to the temperature measurement mode and does not change during the temperature measuremnt mode.

(1) Input signal

During explaining following input signals, "H"or "L"show following state.

Selecting the measuring range (RANGE 0

――――――――――

to RANGE 2

――――――――――

) Select the measuring range followingly during the resistance measurement. See Section 4.3.2, "Selecting the Measuring Range", for the measurment range.

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6.3 Electrical Specifications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

COMP

―――――――

Comparator table or

temperature conversion

table

COMP

―――――――

Comparator table or

temperature conversion

table

3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 H H H H No change L H H H 8

H H H L 1 L H H L 9 H H L H 2 L H L H 10 H H L L 3 L H L L 11 H L H H 4 L L H H 12 H L H L 5 L L H L 13 H L L H 6 L L L H 14 H L L L 7 L L L L 15

Selecting the comparator table or the temperature conversion table (COMP 0

―――――――――

to COMP 3

―――――――――

) During in the temperature conversion display, these signals selects the temperature conversion tables.

Select the comparator table or the temperature convesion table followingly during the resistance measurement and execute. See Section 5.2, "Executing the Comparator", for executing the comparator.

Measurement trigger (TRIG

――――――

) When change this signal from "H" to "L" during holding the measurement (trailing edge), the measurement and the displays are renewed. See Section 4.6, "Holding the Measurement Value", for the holding the measurement. Requirement for the comparator output (MANU

――――――

) When the external control terminal mode of the comparator settings is EXT, during this signal is "L", the comparator results are output. See Section 5.1, "Setting the Comparator", for setting the comparator. Zero adjustment requirement (0 ADJ

――――――

) When change this signal from "H" to "L" during the resistance measurement (trailing edge), the zero adjustment is executed. See Section 4.3.3, "Zero Adjustment", for the zero adjustment. Print requirement (PRINT

――――――

) This signal is used when printing by the 9203 DIGITAL PRINTER or the centronics printer. See Chapter 9, "Printer Interface", for the printer.

Page 68

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6.3 Electrical Specifications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

NOTE

1 digit 2 digit 3 digit 4 digit 5 digit

In the following case, its input signals are invalid. Each function is not executed.

・Selecting the measuring range under the remote state (RANGE 0

―――――――――

RANGE 2

―――――――――

) and the comparator table (COMP 0

―――――――――

to COMP 3

―――――――――

・Selecting the 30 kΩ or 300 kΩ range when the sampling rate is FAST

(RANGE 0

―――――――――

to RANGE 2

―――――――――

・Selecting the unset comparator table (COMP 0

―――――――――

to COMP 3

―――――――――

・Zero adjustment requirement under holding state or when using the auto

range (0 ADJ

――――――

・Measurement trigger during free-running (TRIG

――――――

・Comparator output requirement when not using the comparator or the

external control terminal mode of the comparator setting is AUTO (MANU

―――――――

・Print requirement when not installing the 9589 (PRINT

―――――――

). When the comparator table is selected by the comparator table selecting (COMP 0

――――――――

to COMP 3

――――――――

)during using the auto range, the range becomes the manual range automatically. When using the temperature conversion function, the comparator table selection (COMP 0

――――――――

to COMP 3

――――――――

) switches to the temperature conversion table

selection.

(2) Output signals

During explaining the following output signals, following states are shown in "0" or "1".

"1" The current flows to the output terminal when the output transistor is

ON.

"0" The current does not flow to the output terminal when the output

transistor is OFF.

Comparator result (Hi, IN, Lo) When these signals are "1", they show the comparator result which corresponds to that signals are valid. NG state (NG) When this signal is "1", it shows the NG state. This signal would be "1" whenever detecting the NG state whether in the holding state or not. Measurement end (EOC) When this signal changes from "0" to "1", the executing measurement ends and show that the output of the BCD and comparator result have been decided. BCD output The data are output followingly corresponding to the measurement value indicating on the display.

Page 69

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

6.3 Electrical Specifications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

BCD bit

Value

BCD bit

Value

3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 6 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 7 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 9

NOTE

･ When not using the comparator or no comparator output requirement (MANU

―――――――

) is obtained in case that the external control terminal of the comparator is EXT, the all comparator result (Hi, IN, Lo) output "0".

･ When the digits indicated on the display are the blank (space), the digits

which are correspond to the BCD output should output "0".

･ When generated the over flow or measured under NG state, BCD output

should output "99999".

･ When no measurement has been performed after turning on the power supply,

all output signals should output "0".

･ When using the temperature conversion function, a minus sign is output as a

single BCD digit value of 1010.

Page 70

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6.4 Using the Signals

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.4.1 Measurement Control

TRIG

EOC

4msMI

easureme

AST: 41msMAX

EDIUM: 140msMA

LOW: 320msMAX

ntil TRIG

―――――

becomes

HL1

NOTE

EOC

easureme

AST: 11msMAX

EDIUM: 63msMA

LOW: 250msMAX

AST 3msMIN

EDIUM, SLOW: 30msMI

easureme

.4 Using the Signals

(1) With measurement in the hold state

In the hold state, measurement starts when TRIG

――――――

becomes L, then EOC

becomes 1 when measurement ends. EOC then remains 1 until the next time

TRIG

――――――

becomes L.

･ During measurement, EOC is also invalidated when the next TRIG

――――――

signal is

input.

(2) With free-running measurement

With free-running measurement, the 3227 measures repeatedly at the internal sampling rate, with EOC becoming 1 each time measurement ends.

Page 71

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

6.4 Using the Signals

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

ANGE0 to

AST 400msMAX

EDIUM, SLOW 550msMA

ange

ange code

ange

RANGE

――――――

―

RANGE

――――――

―

RANGE

――――――

―

Measuremen

range

H H L 300 mΩ H L H 3Ω H L L 30Ω L H H 300Ω L H L 3kΩ L L H 30 kΩ L L L 300 kΩ

H H H

No range

control

NOTE

0ADJ

4msMI

ero adjustme

easureme

.2 sMA

NOTE

(3) Changing the measurement range

The measurement range used by the 3227 change be changed using signals RANGE0

―――――――――

to RANGE2

―――――――――

･ After switching range codes, up to 550 ms are required for the internal

circuitry to stabilize. Therefore, no measurement should be taken for at least 550 ms after switching range codes.

(4) Zero adjustment

Zero adjustment is possible using 0ADJ

――――――

･ Measurement is not possible during zero adjustment. ･ Wait at least 1.2 s after completing zero adjustment before taking

measurements.

Page 72

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

6.4 Using the Signals

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

OMP0 to

AST 400msMAX

EDIUM, SLOW 550msMA

able

able code

able

OMP

――――――――

OMP

――――――――

OMP

――――――――

OMP

――――――――

Comparato

table

OMP

――――――――

OMP

――――――――

OMP

――――――――

OMP

――――――――

Comparato

table

H H H L No.1 L H H L No.9 H H L H No.2 L H L H No.10 H H L L No.3 L H L L No.11 H L H H No.4 L L H H No.12 H L H L No.5 L L H L No.13 H L L H No.6 L L L H No.14 H L L L No.7 L L L L No.16

H H H H No.8 H H H H

No comparator control

NOTE

easurement resu

4 msMA

rintout of

easurement result

RIN

esult

rintout of

NOTE

(5) Changing the Comparator Table

The comparator table used by the 3227 can be changed using signals COMP0

――――――――

to COMP3

――――――――

･ After switching comparator table, up to 550 ms are required for the internal

circuitry to stabilize. Therefore, no measurement should be taken for at least 550 ms after switching comparator table.

(6) Printing

Measurements displayed can be output to a printer connected to the printer connector using the PRINT

―――――――

signal.

Refer to Chapter 9 Printer Interface concerning printers.

･ Output of any previous printout must be completed before printing the next

measurement. Print time varies according to the speed of the connected printer.

･ Printout of the measurement displayed starts when the PRINT

―――――――

signal becomes L. Before starting printing, check the EOC signal to verify that measurement has been completed.

Page 73

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6.4 Using the Signals

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.4.2 Outputting Measurement Results

easurement resu

5 μsMA

easurement

revious measuremen

esult

esult of

easurement

EOC

esult of measurement

easurement

NOTE

easurement resu

revious measuremen

esult

esult of

easurement

esult of measurement

omparator resu

MANU

LNG1

hucke

nchecke

hecke

msMA

(1) In case that the external control terminal of the comparator is AUTO. (outputting

comparator results)

Comparator results (Hi, IN, Lo) and result data of measurements (BCD) are output when EOC becomes 1 after measurement is completed. Comparator results and measurement data should be taken after EOC becomes 1 (at the signal’s rising edge).

Depending on how the circuit is connected and the signal is loaded, with open collector outputs, variations in the interval between signal output and signal detection can prevent detection from taking place as indicated in the illustration above. In particular, open collector outputs and BCD signals should be loaded only after waiting about 1 ms following detection of the EOC signal.

(2) In case that the external control terminal of the comparator is EXT. (outputting

comparator results)

In the manual mode, comparator results (Hi, IN, Lo) are output only when the MANU

―――――――

signal becomes 1. Measurement data (BCD) is output continuously.

(3) Output during current abnormalities

When a current abnormality occurs (when the resistance being measured is unchucked), the NG signal becomes 0.

Page 74

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6.4 Using the Signals

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Page 75

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

7.1 System Resetting

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

SET

Items Setting contents

Measurement mode Resistance measurement mode Resistance measuring range 300 mΩ range Sampling rate SLOW mode Measurement holding Free-running Comparator

Buzzer mode Mode of the external control terminal Comparison method of the comparator High limit value/low limit value

All comparator tables are unused.

OFF AUTO HIGH/LOW High limit value : 00000/low limit value : 00000

Temperature correction function

Standard temperature Temperature coefficient

Unused

20.0℃ 3930ppm

Temperature conversion function

Initial resistance Initial temperature Constant

Unused

0.00 mΩ

0.00℃

235.0 Using power supply frequency 50 Hz GP-IB address 1

NOTE

Chapter

The Other Function

.1 System Resetting

1. Turn on the POWER switch on the rear panel.

2. Start the self test (self testing of the unit).

3. During the self test, press the

UP key and the TC key at the same time.

The setting contents of this unit are reset to the following initial state. (When shipped from the factory, all items are set to the initial state.)

The temperature correction function is selected when performing the system reset. See Section 3.2, "Turning on the Power Supply" to use the temperature conversion function. When the back up error is generated during the self test, this unit performs the system reset automatically, and the setting contents are reset to the initial state.

Page 76

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7.2 Error Indications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The list of the error indication

Error

no.

Errors Sectio

The value exceeds 100 count is input in the zero adjustment. Confirm the connection of the measurement lead.

4.6

The zero adjustment is unable to execute because using the auto range

4.6

The zero adjustment is unable to execute under the measurement holding state.

4.6

The comparator and the auto range are unable to use at the same time.

4.4, 5.

The auto range is unable to use because the external control terminal selects a measuring range.

4.4, 6.

The temperature correction function or the temperature measurement are unable to execute because the 9188 is not connected. Confirm the connection of the temperature probe. When this error occurs after connecting the temperature probe, the breaking of wire might be generated. In this case, the temperature probe needs repair.

3.4

The low limit value is set bigger than the high limit value in the comparator settings. Confirm the settings of the high limit value and the low limit value.

1.7, 5.

The standard temperature or the initial temperature exceeds the range of −10.0 ℃ to 99.9 ℃ in the temperature correction settings or the temperature conversion

setting. Confirm the settings of the standard temperature.

5.3, 5.

The printer is unprepared for the printer requirement. Confirm the connection and the state of the printer.

6.5, 9.

.2 Error Indications

When there are something wrong in the self test which is performed at the turning on the power supply, or the incorrect operations are performed for some reason, the error indication are displayed.

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7.2 Error Indications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Error

no.

Errors Sectio

The GP-IB address settings are unable to execute without connecting the 9588. Connect the GP-IB interface.

3.1, 8.

Some check error of ROM is generated. It is necessary to repair this unit.

3.2

The data or the address error of RAM is generated. It is necessary to repair this unit.

3.2

The back up error of RAM breaks the settings of this unit. This unit executes the system reset automatically and the settings are reset to th

initial state.

3.2, 7.

The inaccurate measurement is generated because the proofreading data is broken. It is necessary to repair this unit.

3.2

There is a fault in the internal measurement circuit. Measurements cannot be executed. If this error persists after turning on the power supply again, the unit requires repair.

3.2

NOTE

"Err 90", "Err 91", "Err 93, and "Err 94" show the damage occurred in the circuit of this unit. When these errors are generated, it is necessary to repair this unit. Please contact your nearest service representative for the repair.

Page 78

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7.2 Error Indications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Page 79

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

8.1 Specifications

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

NOTE

Interface function

SH1

All source handshake functions

AH1

All accepter handshake functions

Basic talk functions Serial poll function Talk-only mode is not provided. The talker cancellation function with MLA (My Listen Address) is provided.

Basic listener function Listen-only mode is not provided. The listener cancellation function with MTA (My Talk Address) is provided.

SR1

All service request functions

RL1

All remote/local functions

PP0

Parallel polling is not provided.

DC1

All device clear functions

DT1

All device trigger functions

The controller function is not provided.

ASCII codes are used.

Chapter

GP-IB Interfac

.1 Specifications

The conform standard: IEEE-488.1 1987 The reference standard: IEEE-488.2 1987

When the output queues become full, the 9588 generates the query error and clears them. Accordingly, this unit does not correspond to the clear of the output queue and the query error output under the dead lock states, stipulated in IEEE 488.2. (The dead lock state: The state which the input buffer and the output queue become full, and the dealing is unable to continue.)

Page 80

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8.2 Setting the GP-IB Address

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

SHIFT

GP-IB ADRS

DOWN

ENTER

CLEAR

.2 Setting the GP-IB Address

1. Press the SHIFT key and enter the shift states. "SHIFT" on the display lights.

2. Press the cursor key and enter the GP-IB address setting mode. Flash the present GP-IB address setting.

3. Select the GP-IB address with the

UP or DOWN key. ("00" to "30")

4. Pressing the

ENTER key selects the GP-IB address and return to the

original measurement mode.

Page 81

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8.3 Introduction for the GP-IB

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.3.1 Messages

Program messages Response message

Command message

Query messages

Message

NOTE

.3 Introduction for the GP-IB

The data received or sent by the GP-IB interface is called messages. They are classified as follows.

These messages have two sorts. One is the program messages which send the messages from the controller to the unit, and another is the response messages which send messages from the unit to the controller.

(1) Program messages

The program messages are able to be divided into the command messages and the query messages. The command messages are the orders which control the unit, such as the settings or the reset of the unit. The query messages are the orders which query the operation results, such as the measurement results or the setting state of the unit.

The 3227 returns to the original measurement mode automatically, when receives the program message in the each setting mode, such as the comparator setting mode.

(2) Response messages

The response messages are produced when receiving the query messages and checking the syntax. As far as the header is OFF, the semicolon ";"of the message unit separator of the response message is able to change to the comma "," with "TRANsmit:SEPArator" command. When turning on the power supply, it is the semicolon ";".

Headers on ":TC ON;:HOLD ON" Headers off "ON;ON" Headers off "ON,ON"

" " means a space.

In case of some errors are generated when the query is sent, the response messages of that query are not produced.

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8.3 Introduction for the GP-IB

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.3.2 Command Syntax

.3.3 Headers

NOTE

The command name of the 3227 uses the easy understanding words for the functions, and is able to shorten. The command name is called "longform" and the shortened one called "shortform". The response messages from the 3227 are returned with the capital long form. In this instruction manual, the short form is written with the capital letter, and the rest is written with the small letter, however, this unit accepts them whichever letters are used.

MEAsure OK (long form) MEAS OK (short form) MEASU error MEA error

The program messages always needs the header. For the response messages, the header is able to select with ":HEADer" command. When turning on the power, the header puts on the response messages.

The header does not put on the response messages for the common command query, regardless of the setting state of ":HEADer" command.

(1) Command program headers

There are three types of commands: simple commands, compound commands, and common commands.

Simple command header

This header is a sequence of letters and digits. Example :HEADer

Compound command header

This header is made up from a plurality of simple commands type headers marked off by colons.

Example :RESIstance:RANGe

Common command header

This header starts with an asterisk and continues with a common command stipulated by IEEE 488.2.

Example *RST

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8.3 Introduction for the GP-IB

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.3.4 Message Terminators

.3.5 Separators

(2) Query program headers

These headers are used to query the operation results, measurement results, or the setting state of the unit. As the example below, the commands are recognized as the query by the question mark "?"which is put next to the program header.

Example :FUNCtion? :RESIstance:RANGe?

The 3227 accepts LF, EOI, and LF with EOI, as the message terminators. The "TRANsmit:TERMinator"command is also able to select followings as the response message terminator.

(1) EOI ＋ LF (2) CR, EOI ＋ LF

When the power supply is turning on, (1) is selected.

(1) Message unit separator

A semicolon ";" is used as a message unit separator, when it is desired to set out several messages on a single line.

"*RST ;

ESE 255 ;

:HEADer ON"

(2) Header separator

In a message which has a header and data, a space is used as the header separator to separate the header from the data.

":HEADer

ON"

(3) Data separator

If a message has several data items, commas are required as a data separator for separating these data items from one another.

":CSET:PARAmeter 10100 ,

9900"

Page 84

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8.3 Introduction for the GP-IB

────────────────────────────────────────────────────

.3.6 Data Formats

The 3227 uses the character string data and decimal numeric data, and the type used varies according to the command in question.

(1) Character data

The character string data must always begin with an alphabetic character, and the following characters can be either alphabetic character or numerals. Although in character data either upper case letters or lower case letters are accepted, response messages output by this unit are always in upper case letters.

":HEADer OFF

(2) Decimal data

The numeric data values are all represented in decimal, in three formats identified as NR1, NR2, and NR3, and each of these can appear as either a signed number or an unsigned number. Unsigned numbers are taken as positive.

Further, if the accuracy of a numeral value exceeds the range with which this unit can deal, it is rounded off. (5 and above is rounded up; 4 and below is rounded down.) NR1 format integer data Examples ＋12, -23, 34 NR2 format fixed point numbers Examples ＋1.23, -23.45, 3.456 NR3 format floating point numbers Examples ＋1.0E-2, -2.3E＋4

The term "NRf format" includes all these three formats above. When the 3227 is receiving it, accepts NRf format, but when it is sending response messages it utilizes whichever one of the formats NR1 to NR3 is indicated in the particular command. All of the following examples set the resistance range to 300 Ω.

":RESIstance:RANGe 300" ":RESIstance:RANGe 299.2" ":RESIstance:RANGe 2.995E2"

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.3.7 Abbreviation of Compound Command Type Header

NOTE

.3.8 Output Queue

When several compound commands have a common head portion, (for example :CSET:TABLe and :CSET:TMODe) only when writing them directly following on from one another, this common portion (:CSET: for example) can be omitted from each command except for the first one. This common portion is called "the current path", by analogy with the general concept of the current directory in the directory structure of UNIX or MSDOS, and until it is cleared the analysis of following commands is performed by deeming them to be preceded by the current path which has been curtailed in the interests of brevity. This manner of using the current path is shown in the following example.

(1) Normal expression

":CSET:TABLe 1;:CSET:TMODe AUTO"

(2) Abbreviated expression

" :CSET:

TABLe 1;TMODe AUTO"

This becomes the current path, and can be curtailed from the following commands.

The current path is cleared when the power is turned on, when a system reset is performed by key input, when a colon ":" appears at the start of a command, and when a message terminator is detected.

･ The messages of the common command form can be executed without relation

to the current path. Further, they have no effect upon the current path.

･ It is not necessary to prefix a colon ":" at the start of headers of the simple

commands and the compound commands. However, in order to prevent the confusion with the abbreviated forms and mistakes in operation, it is recommended practice always to prefix ":" to headers.

The response messages accumulated in the output queue and are read out as data and cleared by the controller. The output queue is also cleared in the following circumstances.

・When a device clear is issued. ・When the power is turned on. ・When the unit is reset by a key press (system reset). ・When the query error is generated.

The 3227 has an output queue of 400 bytes capacity. If the response messages overflow this limit, a query error is generated, and the output queue is cleared. Further, if a new message is received while the output queue still contains any data, the output queue is cleared, and a query error is generated.

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.3.9 Input Buffer

.3.10 Status Model

Generation of service

request (RQS)

Represents standard event registe

Data is present in the output queue

bit 7

bit 5

bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

ESB MAV

bit 6 RQS MSS

Logical sum

& & &

Status byte register (STB

)

Service request enable register (SRER

)

bit 7 bit 6

bit 5

bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

× ESB MAV

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

The 3227 has an input buffer of 300 bytes capacity. If the data accumulated in this buffer exceeds 300 bytes, and the buffer becomes full, the GP-IB interface bus goes into the waiting state until a space again becomes available in the buffer.

In its implementation of the serial polling function using service requests, the 3227 employs the status model specified by IEEE 488.2. The item "event" refers to any phenomenon which generates a service request.

Generation of service requests

The status byte register holds the information relating to the event registers and the output queue. It is possible to use the service request enable register as a mask to select the items required. When the selected information is set, bit 6 of the status byte register (the master summary status or MSS bit) is set, an RQS message is generated, and this generates a service request.

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.3.11 Status Byte Register

bit 7

bit 5

bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

Unuse

ESB MAV Unuse

UnusedUnusedUnuse

bit 6 RQS MSS

Logical sum

bit 7 bit 6

bit 5

bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

Unuse

× ESB MAV Unuse

UnusedUnusedUnuse

Status byte register (STB

)

Service request enable register (SRER

)

・・・

Bit 7 Unused Bit 6

RQS MSS

Set to 1 when a service request is dispatched Logical sum of the other bits of the status byte register

Bit 5 ESB

Standard event summary (logical sum) bit Bitwise logical sum of the standard event status register

Bit 4 MAV

Message available Indicates that there are some messages in the output queue

Bit 3 Unused Bit 2 Unused Bit 1 Unused Bit 0 Unused

(1) Status byte register (STB)

The status byte register is an 8-bit register whose contents are output from the 3227 to the controller, when the serial polling is being performed.

If even only one bit in the status byte register has changed from 0 to 1 (provided that it is a bit which has been set in the service request enable register as a bit which can be used), then the MSS bit is set to 1. Simultaneously with this RQS bit is set to 1, and a service request is generated.

The RQS bit is always synchronized with the service requests, and only read out and simultaneously cleared when the serial polling is being performed. Although the MSS bit is only read out on a "*STB?"query, but it is not cleared until the event is cleared by a "*CLS" command. Status byte register bit assignments

(2) Service request enable register (SRER)

When each bit of the service request enable register is set to 1, the corresponding bit of the status byte register becomes able to be accessed.

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.3.12 Event Register

bit 5

ESB

bit 6 RQS MSS

Logical sum

& & & & &

& & &

Status byte register (STB

)

Standard event status enable register (SESER

)

Standard event status register (SESR

)

bit 7 bit 6

bit 5

bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQEC OPC

bit 7 bit 6

bit 5

bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQEC OPC

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

・

(1) Standard event status register (SESR)

The standard event status register is an 8-bit register. If any bit in the standard event status register is set to 1 (after masking by the standard event status enable register), bit 5(ESB) of the status byte register is set to 1.

The standard event status register is cleared in the following three situations.

When the "＊CLS" command is received. When the "＊ESR?" query is received. When the power is turned on again.

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Standard Event Status Register Bit Assignments

Bit 7 PON

Power in flag. When the power is turned on, or on recovery from a power cut,

this bit is set to 1.

Bit 6 URQ

User request. Not used by the 3227.

Bit 5 CME

Command error (ignores the command until get the message terminator). When a command which has been received contains a syntactic or semantic error, this bit is set to 1. The command is not supported by the 3227. There is a mistake in a program header. The number of data parameters is wrong. The format of the parameters is wrong.

Bit 4 EXE

Execution error. When a command which has been received cannot be executed for some reason, this bit is set to 1.

The designated data value is outside of the set range. The designated data value is not acceptable.

Bit 3 DDE

Device dependent error. When a command cannot be executed due to some cause other than a command error, a query error, or an execution error, thi

bit is set to 1. Execution is impossible due to some abnormality inside the

3227. Execution is impossible because some other function is being performed.

Bit 2 QYE

Query error (clears the output queue). This bit is set to 1 when a query error is detected by the output queue control.

When an attempt has been made to read the output queue when it is empty. When the response message exceeds 400 bytes. When next message is received with containing some data in the output queue. When, on the same line, a query occurs after an "＊IDN?" query.

Bit 1 RQC

Request for controller authority. Not used by the 3227.

Bit 0 OPC

Operation terminated. This bit is set to 1 when an "＊OPC" command is executed.

When the operation of all the messages up to the "＊ OPC"command has been completed.

(2) Standard event status enable register (SESER)

When each bit of the standard event status enable register is set to 1, the corresponding bit of the standard event status register becomes able to be accessed.

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Status Byte Register Bit Assignments

Status byte register

STB?

Service request enable register

SRE?*SRE

Standard event status register

ESR?

Standard event status enable register

ESE?*ESE

.3.13 GP-IB Commands

Command Function

GTL

Go To Local The remote state is canceled, and the system goes into the local state.

LLO

Local Lock Out All keys, including the LOCAL key, becomes out of operating.

DCL

Device Clear Clears the input buffer and the output queue.

SDC

Selected Device Clear Clears the input buffer and the output queue.

GET

Group Execute Trigger During the holding state, perform one-shot measurement.

NOTE

Summary of commands for writing and reading each of the registers

The following commands are used for performing interface functions.

When not in the holding condition, GET (Group Execute Trigger) command generates the execution error.

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Synta

Specifies the syntax for the command.

dat

For a command that has parameters, specifies their format.

Functio

Specifies the function of the command.

Not

Specifies points to which attention should be paid when using the command.

Respons

Only appears for a command (query) to which a response message is returned. Specifies the syntax for the response message, both when headers are on and when headers are off.

Erro

Specifies what types of error may occur. However, all spelling mistakes generate the command error.

Exampl

These are simple examples of the use of the command. The examples all show the commands in the short form.

.4 Command Reference

Command

(1) Format of command explanations

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Synta

CLS

Functio

This instruction clears all the event registers associated with the bits of the status byte register (SESR, and the corresponding bits of STB).

Not

This has no effect upon the output queue, the various enable registers, and bit 4 (the MAV bit) of the status byte register.

Synta

ESE data

dat

0 to 255 (numerical data in NR1 format)

Functio

This instruction sets the standard event register (SESER) to a bit pattern which is used to mask the standard event status register (SESR).

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC

Not

When the power is turned on, and when a reset taken place upon key input (system reset), the data is reinitialized to zero.

Exampl

Transmission

*ESE 36

CME and QYE of SESER are set to 1.

Synta

ESE?

Functio

The contents of SESER as set by the*ESE command are returned as an NR1 integral value (data) in the range 0 to 255.

Respons

Whether headers are on or off

data

Exampl

Transmission Response

ESE? 36

CLS

ESE

ESE?

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Synta

ESR?

Functio

The contents of the standard event status register SESR are returned as an numerical value (data) in NR1 format in the range 0 to 255, and clears its contents.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC

Respons

Whether headers are on or off

data

Exampl

Transmission Response

*ESR? 32

Synta

IDN?

Functio

The response consists of the name of the manufacturer of the unit, the model name, and the software version.

Not

The*IDN? query is the last query message of the program messages. Accordingly, if another query is detected after this query, a query error is generated, and no response message after the*IDN? query is produced.

Respons

Whether headers are on or off

HIOKI,3227,0,V2.00

First field: Manufacturer’s name Second field: Model name Third field: Not used - always zero Fourth field: Software version

Exampl

Transmission Response

*IDN? HIOKI,3227,0,V2.00

ESR?

IDN?

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Synta

OPC

Functio

When a number of commands are written on one line, the*OPC command sets the bit 0 (the OPC bit) of the standard event status register (SESR) to 1 at the instant the previous commands have been completed.

Exampl

Transmission

*RST;:MEAS:RESI?;*OPC;:HOLD OFF

When the entire action of the commands *RST and MEAS has been completed, the designated bit is set to 1.

Synta

OPC?

Functio

The same as the*OPC command, except in that,at the instant that the previous commands have been completed,instead of bit 0 (the OPC bit) of the standard event status register (SESR) being set to 1, the response message 1 is returned.

Respons

Whether headers are on or off

Exampl

Transmission

*RST;:MEAS:RESI?;*OPC?;:HOLD OFF

When the entire action of the commands*RST and MEAS has been completed, the response message 1 is returned.

OPC

OPC?

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Synta

RST

Functio

Resets the 3277 unit, and initializes the settings.

Items which are initialized (the 3277 unit)

Items Setting items Measurement mode Resistance measurement mode Resistance measurement range 300mΩ range Measurement sampling rate SLOW mode Measurement holding Free-running Comparator

Buzzer mode Mode of the external control terminal Comparison method of the comparator High limit value/low limit value

All comparator tables are unused

OFF AUTO HIGH/LOW High limit value:00000/ low limit value:00000

Temperature correction function

Standard temperature Temperature coefficient

Unused

20.0℃ 3930 ppm

Δt function

Initial resistance Initial temperature Constant

Unused

0.00 mΩ

0.0℃

235.0

Use power supply frequency 50 Hz

Items which are initialized (GP-IB) Header: ON, separator: ";", terminator: "LF＋EOI", the comparator table number set by "CSET" commands: 1, the temperature conversion table number set by "DSET" commands: 1

Items which are not affected: Status byte register, standard event status register, each enable register, interface function, GP-IB address, output queue, input buffer, and current path

RST

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Synta

SRE data

dat

0 to 255 (numerical data in NR1 format)

Functio

Sets the service request enable register (SRER) to a pattern is used to mas

the status byte register (STB).

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

Unuse

× ESB MAV UnusedUnusedUnusedUnuse

Not

･ To the values of the unused bit (bit 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7) and bit 6, zero is

written automatically.

･ When the power is turned on, and when a reset has taken place upon key

input, the data is initialized to zero.

Exampl

Transmission

SRE32

ESB of SRER is set to 1.

Synta

SRE?

Functio

Returns the value of the service request enable register (SRER) as a numeral data value in NR1 format taken from the set: 0, 1, 6, 32, and 48.

Respons

Whether headers are on or off

data

Exampl

Transmission Response

SRE? 32

SRE

SRE?

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Synta

STB?

Functio

Returns the set contents of the status byte register (STB) as a numeral data value (data) in NR1 format taken from the set: 0, 16, 32, and 48.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

UnusedMSS ESB MAV UnusedUnusedUnusedUnuse

Not

･ Bit 6 is the value of the MSS bit. ･Even if the service requests are cleared by serial polling, the MSS bit is not

cleared.

Respons

Whether headers are on or off

data

Exampl

Transmission Response

*STB? 32

Some event has been generated in the standard event status register (ESB)

Synta

TRG

Functio

If the system is in the hold state, performs measurement once.

Erro

If the system is not in the hold state, this command generates an execution error.

Exampl

Transmission Response

:HOLD ON;:MEAS:RESI?;*TRG;:MEAS:RESI?

2.1200E0,OFF;2.2400E0,OFF

STB?

TRG

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Synta

TST?

Functio

Causes the 3227 to perform the self test, and returns the result as a numerical data value (data) in NR1 format in the range 0 through 15. When each bit is becomes 1, the errors of the corresponding items are generated.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

UnusedUnusedUnusedUnusedCAL Backup RAM ROM

Not

The backup error can be cleared with the "*RST" command.

Respons

Whether headers are on or off

data

Exampl

Transmission Response

*TST? 4

The backup error is generated.

Synta

WAI

Functio

After executing the prevent executing command, execute the successive command.

TST?

WAI

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Synta

:ADJust?

Functio

･ Executes the zero adjustment, and returns its result as 0 or 1 (data). ･ data = 0 means that the zero adjustment has been completed. ･ data = 1 means that the measurement value of the wiring resistance has

exceeded 100 count.

Respons

If headers are ON If headers are OFF

:ADJUST data data

Erro

The execution error is generated in the following circumstances.

･ When the measurement mode is not set to the resistance measurement. ･ When the resistance measurement range is set to the auto range. ･ Under the holding state.

Exampl

If headers are ON

If headers are OFF

Transmission Response

:ADJ? :ADJUST 0

:ADJ? 0

The zero adjustment has been executed, and completed normally.

Synta

:COMParator data

dat

0 to 15 (numerical data in NR1 format)

Functio

Sets the comparator table intended to use as follows.

･ When "data = 0", the comparator becomes OFF. ･ When "data = 1 to 15", the tables which are set to the comparator is used.

Erro

The execution error is generated in the following circumstances.

･ When the value out of the setting range, or the unset tables are selected. ･ When the measurement mode is set to the temperature measurement. ･ When using the auto range. ･ When displaying the temperature conversion, if one of tables 2 to 15 is

specified

Exampl

Transmission

:COMP 1

The comparator table of number 1 is used.

:ADJust?

:COMParator

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Synta

:COMParator?

Functio

･ Returns the presently using comparator table in the range 0 to 15 (data). ･ The setting state becomes followingly. ･ When "data = 0", the comparator becomes OFF. ･ When "data = 1 to 15", the presently using comparator number is shown.

Respons

If headers are ON If headers are OFF

:COMPARATOR data data

Erro

The execution error is generated, when the measurement mode is set to the temperature measurement.

Exampl

If headers are ON

If headers are OFF

Transmission Response

:COMP? :COMPARATOR 1

:COMP? 1

Synta

:CSET:BEEPer data

dat

OFF, HL, IN (character data)

Functio

Sets the buzzer mode of the comparator table set by ":CSET:TABLe" command.

Exampl

Transmission

:CSET:BEEP HL

Sets so that the buzzer of the comparator sounds in HIGH or LOW.

Synta

:CSET:BEEPer?

Functio

Returns the buzzer mode setting of the comparator table selected by ":CSET:TABLe" command, as OFF, HL, or IN (data).

Respons

If headers are ON If headers are OFF

:CSET:BEEPER data data

Exampl

If headers are ON

If headers are OFF

Transmission Response

:CSET:BEEP? :CSET:BEEPER HL

:CSET:BEEP? HL

:COMParator?

:CSET:BEEPer

:CSET:BEEPer?

Hioki 3227 Instruction Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual