HF scientific MicroTSCM Streaming Current Monitor User Manual
OWNER’S MANUAL
MicroTSCM
Streaming Current
Monitor
HF scientific
3170 Metro Parkway
Ft. Myers, FL 33916
Phone: 239-337-2116
Fax: 239-332-7643
EMail:HFinfo@Watts.com
Website: www.hfscientific.com
21648 (07/09)
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Table of Contents
Section Page
Specifications ................................................................................................... 1
1.0 Overview........................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Unpacking and Inspection of the Instrument and Accessories ....................2
2.0 Safety................................................................................................................ 2
2.1 Symbols Used In the MicroTSCM........................................................2
3.0 Theory of Operation........................................................................................ 3
3.1 Treatment of Water for Clarification..................................................... 4
3.2 Charge Analysis ....................................................................................5
4.0 Installation and Commissioning ................................................................... 6
4.1 Sample Point ........................................................................................ 6
4.2 Flow Rate .............................................................................................. 6
4.3 Sensor Mounting & Plumbing .............................................................. 7
4.4 Analyzer Mounting................................................................................ 8
4.5 Electrical Connections .......................................................................... 9
4.5.1 Power ........................................................................................ 9
4.5.2 Outputs – Voltage & Current .................................................. 9
4.5.3 Alarm Contacts........................................................................ 10
5.0 Operation ...................................................................................................... 11
5.1 The Sensor/Sampler ...........................................................................11
5.2 The Analyzer ....................................................................................... 11
5.3 The Graphing Screen........................................................................... 12
5.4 Menus ................................................................................................. 13
6.0 Calibration .................................................................................................... 14
6.1 Calibration Procedures ....................................................................... 14
6.2 EEPROM Programming Correction ................................................... 14
7.0 Automatic Control......................................................................................... 15
7.1 Optimization of Treatment Process..................................................... 15
7.2 PI Control Overview ........................................................................... 15
7.3 PI Control Procedure........................................................................... 16
7.3.1 Process Band Calculation........................................................ 16
7.3.2 Entering the Control Parameters ............................................ 17
7.3.3 Manual Control ....................................................................... 17
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Table of Contents (continued)
Section Page
8.0 Additional Features and Options ................................................................ 18
8.1 Sensor Gain Switch ............................................................................. 18
8.2 Remote Panel Meter ............................................................................ 18
8.3 Optional Flow Switch.......................................................................... 18
9.0 Routine Maintenance.................................................................................... 19
9.1 Preferred Method – Chemical Cleaning.............................................. 19
9.2 Manual Cleaning ................................................................................. 19
9.3 Analyzer Fuse ..................................................................................... 20
10.0 Troubleshooting............................................................................................. 21
10.1 Diagnostic Chart ................................................................................. 21
10.2 Technical & Customer Assistance ......................................................21
11.0 Accessories and Replacement Parts List .................................................... 22
12.0 Definitions ..................................................................................................... 23
13.0 Warranty........................................................................................................ 24
MICROTSCM (07/09)
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Specifications
Measurement Range
Accuracy
Repeatability
Linearity
Resolution
Response Time
Analyzer Display
Alarms
Analog Output
Communications Port
Flow Rate
Flow Alarm
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Wetted Materials
± 10.0 SCU or ICu
±1 % of Full Scale
1%
±1%
0.01 SCU or ICu
1 second
Backlit Graphical LCD with trending
Two Programmable, One Sensor, 120-240VAC 2A Form C Relay
Powered 4-20 mA, 1000 Ω drive
Optional RS-232 or RS-485
6.0 – 9.5.0 L/min. (1.5 -2.5 gpm)
Optional Float Switch
0°C – 50°C (32°F – 122°F)
-20°C – 60°C (-4°F – 140°F)
HDPE, PTFE, Stainless Steel, Neoprene, ABS
Standard Cable Length
Max. Sensor to Analyzer
Power Source
SCM Sensor Case
Analyzer Regulatory
Compliance And
Certifications
Shipping Weight
Shipping Dimensions
Warranty
7.62m (25 feet)
76.25 m (250 feet) Consult factory for lengths over 50 feet
120 or 240 VAC, 50/ 60 Hz, 40VA
Designed to meet IP 66 /NEMA 4X
CE Approved, ETL listed to UL 3111-1 &
ETL Certified to CSA 22.2 No. 1010-1-92
Instrument: 9.5 kg (21 lbs.)
Calibration kit: 5.5 kg (12 lbs.)
Instrument: 61 cm X 46 cm X 35cm (24“ X 18 “ X 14”)
Calibration kit: 41cm X 41 cm X 38 cm (16” X 16” X 15”)
1 Year from date of shipment
MICROTSCM (07/09) Page 1
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1.0 Overview
The SCM–Streaming Current Monitor allows for optimizing and control of dosing
coagulants used for clarification of water. Although the analyzer is capable of displaying
the units in either SCU’s or ICu, this manual will always refer to SCU.
1.1 Unpacking and Inspection of the Instrument and Accessories
The table below indicates the items in the shipment.
Item Quantity
MicroTSCM Analyzer 1
SCM Sensor 1
Sample Chamber 1
Calibration Kit 1
Instruction Manual 1
Remove the instrument from the packing carton. Carefully inspect all items to ensure that
no visible damage has occurred during shipment. If the items received do not match the
order, please immediately contact the local distributor or the HF scientific Customer
Service Department.
2.0 Safety
This manual contains basic instructions that must be followed during the commissioning,
operation, care and maintenance of the instrument. The safety protection provided by this
equipment may be impaired if it is commissioned and/or used in a manner not described in
this manual. Consequently, all responsible personnel must read this manual prior to
working with this instrument.
In certain instances “Notes”, or helpful hints, have been highlighted to give further
clarification to the instructions. Refer to the Table of Contents to easily find specific
topics and to learn about unfamiliar terms.
2.1 Symbols Used In the MicroTSCM
Standard IEC symbols are used on the high voltage cover.
ISO 3864, No. B.3.6 Caution, risk of electric shock.
cover
This symbol indicates that hazardous voltages may be present under this
ISO 3864, No.B3.1 Caution refers to accompanying documents.
This symbol is a reminder to read the sections in the manual referring to the
electrical connections, and potential hazards.
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3.0 Theory of Operation
In a liquid form, water molecules move around each other at a fast rate. One affect of this
fast movement is the ability to suspend matter. This phenomenon is called “Brownian
Motion”. It occurs when microscopic particles are maintained dispersed in suspension due
to their random bombardment by the fast movement of water molecules. Typical particles
found in raw water entering WTP have finely divided clay particles and organic matter
collectively called silt.
A second phenomenon which stabilizes the suspension is the surface charge of the
suspended matter. When a salt such as sodium chloride is place in water, complete
dissolution occurs. This system reaches a stable energy level when the individual sodium
and chloride ions (Na+ and Cl-) are separated in the water phase by being surrounded by
water molecules.
In the case of large pseudo salts, e.g. Aluminosilicates (clay), only partial dissolution takes
place due to incomplete breakdown of the crystal to individual ions. The structure of these
clays is similar to silica or sand except that random silicon atoms in the crystal are
replaced by aluminum atoms in the cage structure, causing the clay to swell and crack
between adjacent aluminum atoms in the crystal. Thus a clay particle is formed with a size
of less than 1 micron with a negative charge. This particle is small enough to be
maintained in suspension by Brownian Motion. The particles in the suspension repel each
other due to their surface charge, preventing them from coming together and
agglomerating, or flocking to form a larger particle, which would settle out. The result is
an energetically stable system and is the reason why the particles remain dispersed.
The counter ions (say sodium for the sake of argument) are separated from the large cage
structure because they are dissolved in the water. Clay particles have a negative charge
associated with it, while the counter ions, typically cat-ions (or positively charged ions)
are dispersed in the water phase.
In the case of most naturally occurring substances, the larger ion, when in suspension, has
a negative net charge (anionic). The smaller, counter ion is positive (cationic). The
residual charge of the larger particles is negative, which causes them to repel each other,
preventing them from forming agglomerates. The size of the particles never becomes large
enough to settle out, so they remain dispersed in suspension.
This phenomenon creates an energetically stable system. In order to cause the suspended
particles to agglomerate and settle out, the energy of the system must be upset. There are
numerous mechanical means to accomplish this, but the addition of chemical flocking
agents to the suspension, drastically reduces the time and is far more efficient.
Chemical additives perform two functions, charge neutralization & bridging. Both of these
techniques allow the small particles to floc and grow sufficiently that Brownian motion
can no longer support them. Due to the high density of the particle, flocs will form and
settle as fine sludge.
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Contaminant Particles
1. Charge Neutralization 2. Bridging
Figure 1: Effects of Chemicals
3.1 Treatment of Water for Clarification
Most water treatment chemicals consist of a cationic (positively charged) chemical e.g.
aluminum salts, ferric salts, polyamines or cationic polyacrylamides, some of which have
the cationic part tagged on to a long polymer chain. As stated earlier, raw water entering
the WTP is an energetically stable system of suspended particles with a net negative
charge. Cationic chemicals are added to bring the charge to neutral.
Before the development of Streaming Current technology, the best way to determine the
optimum dosage has been the jar test method. The jar test involves taking a representative
sample of the water being treated and placing it in several jars. Different amounts of
clarifying chemicals are added to each jar; stirred and comparing the clarity of the water in
the different jars. Jar tests are time consuming and it is difficult to reproduce the
conditions of the WTP in a jar. The tests can take several hours rendering them useless
when plant personnel are really responding to rapid changes in water quality. A typical
curve of Turbidity vs. Chemical dosage is shown in Figure 3.
Some considerations when treating the water are the rate of floc formation, the size of the
floc formed, how fast the floc settles, and the clarity of the final settled and filtered water.
Other techniques exist, such as a dosing curve, which indicates a recommended dosage for
a given water turbidity. This is generally built up over years of dosing experience with the
water, but has the disadvantage that turbidity caused by extremely small particles requires
a higher dosage than that caused by larger particles, and therefore can only be adapted for
use with known type turbidity on any given water.
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TURBIDITY
CHEMICAL DOSAGE ppm
Figure 3: Turbidity vs Dosage
3.2 Charge Analysis
Charge analysis is the measurement of the electro kinetic charge of a solution due to the
presence of charged particles. The electro kinetic charge can be measured by a number of
different methods.
1. Applied electric field
Measurement: The relative mobility of the solid or liquid phase.
This is the first method developed for calculating the Zeta Potential. The motion of
charged particles under the influence of an electric field was observed and the potential
required to achieve a certain amount of particle mobility was measured.
A cell consisting of two flat plates separated by approximately 0.1 mm and having an
electrode at each end of the cell is filled with water containing suspended matter. When an
electrical potential is applied to the electrodes, the particles can be observed to drift
toward one of the electrodes. The Zeta Potential is calculated from the measured speed of
particle drift.
2. Induced Electrical Potential
Measurement: The potential developed as the result of forced movement of particles in the
solution.
This is the method used by the MicroTSCM. Continuous sample water is directed into an
annulus, inside which a displacement piston oscillates vertically at a fixed frequency. This
action causes the liquid to move between the two stainless steel electrodes. The suspended
particles are absorbed onto the walls under the action of Van der Waal’s and electrostatic
forces. As the sample is moved rapidly back and forth, mobile counter ions surrounding
the colloids are sheared near the surface of the walls and moved past the electrodes. The
resultant A.C. signal or Streaming Current, proportional to charge density, is electronically
processed and displayed.
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