Heathkit IC-2108 Operation Manual

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P)'jlJ'j')TJl)TjlJ)

Operation

Manual

for

the

MODEL

IC-2108

ELECTRONIC

DESK-TOP

CALCULATOR

HEATH

COMPANY

BENTON

HARBOR,

MICHIGAN

.8022

TABLE

OF CONTENTS

IntroductJon

.3

.4

• •

· 7

1

• •

• •

• •

,.

11

12

13

"

15

"

•

•

•

•

a-nl

....

"...,

...

Owt

t: 1 - AdClhar,

o.n"'2

-SubtJxtian

o.t

$:3 - """ bplw.:.tIOft

Owt

44 -

D",_

. . .

Ctw1~-""....d

CeIcu~uat"

I.,

s._

a.rt

d - Ml.ltbptyu

..

by

• ConItwtt •

a..t

.7

- DllIong

by.

ConIUnt

a..t

.a

-

Ra$ni.

NumbIr

10'

Poww

Q\Irt

.e"-

RaoIII'I8'

~

10.

~

USIng

ConNnt

Q\Irt

d - CllauIMl".

Ntgrb

...

e

~

of

Nwn...

. . •

o.td"-~Rclpl'llclh

.

a..t

Ifl0

-1JNnCI1tMI

CD

K.y

to R Enonaaus

~

--

•

17

flllid

o.c...t

..

• • • • •

"

21

Reofw

....

T

....

72

•

INTRODUCTION

Thil

..............

N

-.eos-.tIOr'lofYOloll'~IOf.

Ta••'-

.......

~

r_

tht

...,....

Md~,..

you

bicu

••

~

..

WIth

'fO'IT

wt'lJt.

You

c.1

..,idtty

Ind

~lIty

add.

aIbtnct.

_1tJIIty.

MIl:

crr..

In

...

..,.

an","f

...

_d

~.

In

fac1

YGl

"..,

M:/IOn

U.

your CaIr;uIMDt forPI..,>.11'1

__

you

lid

not

ongjnIIly

CIOf1Iidw.

Common

.........

~

..

PtCI\'tCled

for

..,k*

A'f~.

you

...-d

thin\.

...

OPERATING

FEATURES

F

.....

1

po,tta

OUt

IN

OIMntinlll

,.....

,.

of

1M

~.

Uctt

'.tunI

II

dIIcr1bed

t*ow;

1.

POWER

SWITCH

- r

........

thI

0dcI.I,,*

on

and off.

2.

S.OIGIT

READOUT

- Dbpa.ys the

I"Im1tlen

In

thI

c:ab.itltion

~

bctI

dIGit

_lion

"

CIpIbIt

of

dltplrtin9

IIoIl'l'IbIr1

0

Ihnlu-,

8

-:I

I

~IPOl"t.

3. NEGATIVE

NUMBER

t~OtCATOR

-

l.¥ID

I-I

to

1,*,'I'''''u-..

m_.

...

OVER

RANGE

INDICATOR

-

lJI;\a

wIwIlht

~

OfIkrty

of

1M

c.k:vUtof

h-.

t....

.c-'-l.

S.lhee:twt

on'"

18.

5.

DECIMAL POINT -

I~

1M

klcation

of

1M

dtclFNll

point

in

thI

nr"m.

If10wn

on

1M READOUT.

6.

DECIMAL

PaIHT

SWITCH

- s.c:

••

l:hIr.

fuud

Of.

f1D11ton1

......

POOttt

1l't*\IOn

In

m.

~

The

feud

poWon

/I

~1Nd

wIwI

ytIU

won the

uno\.

ThI

IflOltlngl

pcIIllJon

P'mWb1MUNtto8U""""'tic;alty

pa-

""

dKOI''''

poHn

WhIr.

It

......

11

,ndudI

tht

mott 1'll

....

'Q!'I"t

MII'I'lben.

ReI.

10

p

...

21

In

tho, M.nu.II lor

lvrm.

fOfmltJOn

on'..

lId

~

poeM

ot*lbOn.

7.

IKI

CONSTANT

SWITCH

- Thil

,whdl

_ illlIP'

In

"""ltl~tJOn

or

dlYWon

-.....

CGl'lIUl'll nutI'ItMr

II~

u.s,

by

not:

,.,

•

.,..lNt

IN

oomtanllUT'b«

bI

~

tid'!

tiIM.ISM

hgiIIl0end

11.1

a.

lel

C1.EAR

KEY

-

PuIh

m"

k..,10dW

...

I'UtltMn

In

IN

c.aeu"'1Of

Ind

,_It

to

Z~.

9.

{Col

CLEAR DISPLAY

KEY

-

~

1tl1l

k..,tod_

Itt

II

..........' kl'y

MU'YtoN 00111I« t'aIl'l'lbw

Of

futlctlon

CIn

bI

..,

...

'The

Co

It..,.

woll

not: dlAlJrb

...

~t

of

..

optntHM1

in rtoI'I9I

ot.n-

on

Iht

~

10.

NU

BER

ENTRY KEYBOARD -

UN

U-

k..,.10IInW

numbln

Into

tnt Ctlc:ulMot.

11.

I-I

SUBTRACTION

KEY-1'\I1Ih

ttl.

key

blfcn

'(01.1 '"'*'.

ftUf'l\Otr

to

bewtJU'ktad

fTOf'II

an

alI.~

nu

....

'"

the

CakulilOf.

12.

1~1

DIVISION

KEY

-

P\I1h

dill

by

befoN

yCI.I

an_

a ,.,rNHr

10

be

d

....

idId

Into

an

DIS!,,,'--lr'I1tIeCalaltilllDf.

13.

ttl

ADDITION

KEY

-

P'\IIh

ttl"

k....

Mi'on

youen..Inumblr10tit

IOMdtoWI

...

ung

I'lUII'lblr In tIM ClkWllOf.

14.

(XI

MULTIPLICATION

KEY

-

PuIh

dink....

t.foR

YOI.i

an..1"",,",,*

to

bIIIftl1li9111d

by

an

oillinllWolmDw

In

1tlI CIIloJtItor.

1S.

(-)

EDUALS

lTDTAU

KEY-......hVIiiby10

,*"",1'1II111

c:ale\.llIItion

and

...

tt.

rtalltJI'lI

__

on

1M

A

EADOUT.

• C

•

CD

(lIU

In

C.l"

IIHlU

.,.

10

F.."..,

.....

.....

OPERATING

PROCEDURE

a-u

..

""""

10

hiIIp

you

bcoi,.

bn\1

..

with " Clkut.tDr.

0IInI

I

n~

4,

~

folboot.

iIluwt_

'1M

four

t.oc

functionsofn

c.kulttor:

ADDITION. SUBTRACTION. MULTIPLICATtON.

and

DIVISION.

a.t

6

__

millie!

ak:ulltloN;

0w1:I

81M1

thOIII'

lI'II.lIuplkldon

MCl

dw""",

by.

conItarot;

0wtJ

8 lind g

thow

how

to

c:lku1tUl

potItlV'I

tnd

M!l"tN.

POWWI

of

runMn;

Owt

10 1howI1h.1.IIIofh

(CDI

CLEAR DISPLAY.

A

ample

en., k included

,,"1

to

thorN

1C1LI"

r_doIol1

•.

1"-~.

In

fI~

1

-S

J

..

omitted

from h function c:Nr1L

&eft I'lUmbIAd

step

(line'

of

tht

OwtIlhows

....

tllcn w.p.,11nd ful"ClJOO

It.,..

to

PlIIh,

InC!

what

1M

"""t

'Mil be.

U.

WI.

flc.1""1

dKl~

modl

for

"I

the

......

CofwMct

the

Uno!

tQ

an

~pn."

AC

pcI'lIIIW

-.ource.

Th"

"Ppfi.._

~

ID

thI

drOollttogIyt

Inwnt-ort

oper1ltion

'tIItt«l

tht

~

SWlteh

I,

tum«f

on.

II

the

UM .....

"-'

dbtoo.

......

.-d

for

IOl'nt

time, It

/Ny'"

up

to

30

*OnCk

fOf

the

clapI.y

to

Jlltlt

In.

dtmIyht.....

Befor.

yOl,l

big.,.. any

ulcvlMlCn,

It is

fOOd

prxtlce

10

push

Ut.

leI

CLEAR

It

....

to

tMt

ttM

CMc:ulltor.

SAMPLE

CHART

READOUT

CHARACTERISTtcS

CONSTANT

SWITCH:

OFF

STEP

INPUT FUNCTION

READOUT

1

[[t

[J[[I~

I

0.

101

ZERO

PRECEDES

fRACTIONAL

NUMBERS

7

f!:I

I

o.

II

(DECIMAL

fLOATS)

3

~[illrm

I

0.521

lO.l

STOREDI

•

[t1l

I

0.621

.

CHART.1

-ADDITION

ADD:

,

...

,

.....

CONSTANT

SWITot:

OFF

,

....

ST"

I

...

UT

FUNCTION READOUT

I

[[I[[iriri!:l!I[O[ill

~

I

155.

n

2

[llj~[EJ[llJ

~

I

18

G.l.fl

CHART"

2 -

SUBTRACTION

SUBTRACT:

,

.....

- 41.22

CONSTANT

SWITot:

OFF

...

"

ST"

INPUT

FUNCTION

READOUT

1

~[llJ~[IDj[lJ~[Ul

~

I

10

8.

l.f

81

2

~IDJrJill[llJ

l[I

I

60261

.....

CHART

~3MULTIPLlCATION

MUL.TIfILY:

m

..!!...!.

CONSTANT

SWITCH:

OFF

.,.

STEP

INPUT

FUNCTION

READOUT

1

rs

[[J[llJriJ

~

I

2251

2

~ ~

[

fj

751

CHART#4-

DIVISION

DIVIDE:

..........

-111

CONSTANT

SWITCH:

OFF

STEP

INPUT

FUNCTION

READOUT

I

~

~[t:J[C:1

lEI

I

44

Lf.[

2

[B

~

I

I

I

1.1

CHART

,,5

- MIXED CALCULATIONS IN

SERIES

AOO.sueT~ACT.ADO.MULTWLY.AND

DJVlOEINSEftlES:

COHSTAHT

SWllDt:

Off

•

lt5+20-'·111

.....

•

STE'

INPUT

FUNCTION

.UOOUT

,

[llJ

lliJ[!J

[l:J

I

/5.1

,

rmra

a;)

I

351

,

[!J

[I:J

I

30.1

•

lliJrm

rt:l

I

Lf

2.1

•

[l:J

lI:J

I

3351

•

r!!I

[B

B

Lf.

·NOTE:

......

t.onMd.?

..

llICNi

04

...........

"."..

..........

"'rwtoflNpi:l'

.-'.

t.

.....

"'0

CHART'-6

- MULTIPLYING BY A CONSTANT

WHERE CONSTANT

Ie

-X3

CONSTANT

SWITCH;

Ie

2"

S

8K-24

40

K-l20

m,

INPUT

FUNCTION

READOUT

!t

1

W

!l!J

~

I

21

2

+l1!I

~

I

51

3

l!J

[B

I

241

•

ll!I~

~

I

/201

•

=1

·NOTE

THAT THE CONSTANTISTHE SECOhO NUt.l8EA ENTERED.

...."

CHART

if7-DIVIDINGBVA CONSTANT

WHERECONSlANT

It-

COfrlISTANT

smTCH:

It

12

K-J

2OK-S

28K"7

STEP

''''tJT

FUNCTION

.fADOUT

.....

fiII[llI

[i:J

I

I

21

1

~

"""I

2

'EJ

[J

I

3·1

3

[lllm

~

I

5.1

•

:Will

[[1

I

7.1

•

=1

°NOTE

THAT

THE

~STAHT

IS

THE

$lCOND

~U"'BER

E~T[AED.

CHART

.,.

- RAISING A NUMBERTOA

POWER

RAISE'TOITS

FOURTH

POWER:

CONSTAHT

SWITCH:

OFF

..·••

'.'.11·4_

STEr

INPUT

FUNCTION

READOUT

1

EI

It!J

~

I

al

,

~

~

I

6

Lf!

,

[I!J

il:J

I

5

/21

•

[I!J

[S

I

Lf

0

951

CHART

"A

RAISING A NUMBERTOA

POWER

USING THE CONSTANT

RAlSE.TOITS FOURTH

!'OWER:

CONSTANT

SW1TCH:

ON

..

·.1I.1I.x.-408e

STEP

INNT

FU'-'CT~

tliUDOUT

1

ill]

~

[;jI

~

~

2

I 5

Lf·1

J

~

1

5

/2·1

•

[[jJ

1

Lf

0

95.1

....

"

....

"

CHART49- CALCULATING NEGATIVE

POWERS

OF NUMBERS

CALCULATE:

nilE

NEGATIVE

fOURTH

POWEROf2:

CON$TAHT

$W1TCH;

OFf

1

1

,~.-.

-1.;.2.;.-2-2.;.2-

"''''

2'

2.2..2.2

ITE,

INPUT

f~CTION

READOUT

1

~

]J

E

I

/·1

,

[ill]

~

I

0.51

3

[[1

~

I

0.251

•

[[1

~

I

o

/251

•

ill

1:]

I

006251

CHART

#9A

CALCULATING RECIPROCALS

CALCULATE:

1

CONSTANT

$WITCH:

ON

X

X-

.015625 tON DlsPLAYI

l.-s.t

X

STEP

INPUT

FUNCTION

AEADOUT

•

@J

I

0.0/55251

1

81

2

~

1

/·1

J

~

I

5

l.(.1

•

;1

...."

CHART

.10

- USING

THECDKEY

TO REMOVE AN ERRONEOUS

INPUT

MULT"LY,

_TRACT,

AND

DrvlDE

IPllIE.'U(S,

COfif$TAHT

SWITCH:

OFf

o

fSxl0

-21_13

J

ITE,

''PUT

fUNCTION

fIlEADOUT

1

I~

ill

~

I

51

~

,

~~

B1

I

5a1

~

J

ER"OR

[llJ~

I-

e

0.1

•

CLEAR

DISI'LAY

~

"'a

I

50.1

~

•

[illJ~

~

I

39.1

•

~

~

I

/31

""""rJlClIbOn

.....

1M

....

m.

~11

be

torl'4*-.t

Mfon

Iht

oONOTE;

flP'CtlCln

~-.:l

onfy foralbncbOn.

O~TE:

The

.....of

_PI

:tllm

II

wortItd

OIJL

=

OPERATING

CONSIDERATIONS

OPERATING TEMPERATURE

1M

lOI,d~w.

delInIn1tle

CIbllltof

..

~

to

(lpInte

l'Illl'mdy

It

...

ptntUNi

blt\t<w.

10

Ind

40

dtgrMs

<Ant9D

160to104

__

FIh,..

....II.

If

you

~.

the

elk:ul,uor In

......

...,.

outIIde

of

1his

,....

yo.I

m-v

tntOUnnr

INCltUJaUI

oplndon.

NEGA

liVE

NUMBERS

~iv.

flI,/!T'b«'I

un

be

uMd

in "''1'

UJcuIa\l~

To _tab!1$h • negll.....

""mber,

pwh

ltIe

1-)

key

Immtd~ItlV

btfor.ywenur

1M

11l,Inm..

DECIMAL

PLACES

Tht location

ofm.dec>mtl

point

In

the

__

ilMtbytMDECIMAL POINT

JWiu:h.

For

I'Clmplt.

with

• DECIMAL

POINT

Maine

of

o.

bolt! of

ttM

foIlow1,. MtditlOnt would be shown on

the

f"Mldout

..

33.

In

~latior.

.......

m.

_.

lndudlt'l9

.ny

l'lUfTltNn

to

.,.

~t

of

N

_11'I\II1 poln!.,

D;~

tiftlt digiti.

oNy

the f",1t

~1

digiti

of

tM.,...

wilt

be

dhpl.yed.

FIX

blftl9l'.

inm.foaowing

Idd,tiotl

WIth

• DECIMAL POINT

IIttltlg

of

3.

1ht

AEADOUT woukl

!how

1M

_

..

14208.650. If ttl••UIM

probltm

_.

_bd

out

WIth • dlC-ll'Nll

point

1II1tJI'lg

of

c, lht.

W\Witf

would

lUll

be

ttM

Am'llfn

1M <:aku1Mot will not

cut

off

th,

"'"

'1m.

lett

(mort

wgnlflc.ant

numblrlto

dll!P"V 1M

"6"

It

the

'9'1

lI_c\

lignlf~t

numberl.

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(t)

7382.9587

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NOT

SHOWN

a.OIGIT

DISPLAY

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10

It)

17

33

'0'

18.5963

(t)

11.102"
33JI987

"'th

I ftl»tl11ll DECIMAL POINT Mltlne.

only

N

~

....

rfk,.,1 digit lwhttlrl

1M

8-dtoIt

QClkity

of 1M

CDIIlDtl

to

the

rll;\t

of

N ItItIn'llll

point

151how¥n.

Sine- ''S'. h the

_t

5igNrant

ditit

In 1tlt

....,.toltMI

tdditJOn

~e,

Iht

...-

d1tCl1..,.c1

would be 14201Ui5.

To 1M

the

full _ fOf 8dd'11on IBI. you would

haW

lI:I

U.

In. F

lfloltlngj

IIIUlnll

..

It. dw1I:tIJ1JtJC

of

1tlt C4IkuIator

II

Nt

...,.,

hcUontI

numberIt..

--,.

Pi

iiC«*I

tw a

(zwol

or.

whoM nurNMr. Th

..

thtrW:1aiftic

11m,g

the

\nfIut

Mel

~t

~ity

of

ltMI

Clkut.1Of

U)

..."

c1gju

to

the

rieht

of

1ht

declmtl

polnt

....

,.

OVERRANGE

The OVERRAAGE

INDICATOR"

tIM:

~t

endofthe

READOUT

".fI1

Il{ltlt

...n-o

tht

~numblr

Inw~

or flNl

....-

to I cakulttion

11

Wyand

the

&dtgot elllptCity

of

the

Cak:I.lll=r.

11'1

.,

cw.r

..

tondltion.

ttl.

p.-t

of

the

amwlIl'

IhO'Wn

WIll1MeorTltt.

bUt

tIM:

~

poltIt

w, t

1M

.'It!t

~

to

tIM:

Nft

GIlts

comlClloution

and

VI.

Plrlofthe

_

brtOf'd"'1

d.gou

Woll

not

........

To

.hmirwt•

..,

OVtnlngttond.,klrl '(OU

Iftln

pr-.

th.le)

CLEAR k..,.

OVERRANGE INDICATIONS CHART

COMBINATION

INITIAL RESULT

ENTRV

AND

EXCESS

ENTRY

OF OPERATION

OPERATION

.......

[

U

[j

-

E

0

fj

CAUTION:

A,.,.,...,.I

NIt,"Y

r

..

,..1hIt~

in

1h<I

O¥..,.

..

condltlon

6nlhc:It_ b

~bIl1fy

of

an

wnw'

_

U'l0l0l1tl

the

ditfQyitcon1C1.

ENDING A

CALCULATION

~

you h

....

tompktm

IU

"'Puts

for • C8lallI1lon. pultl

.,.

I-I

EQUALS

k..,.

'Thos

d

••

vs

the

__

Ind

Jnl*ft

the

CMala.tor

for

«l1fY

of

the

hnt

r-.lmo-

of

th<t

next

e.k:lllttlon

wi1tlout

MYK'It

to

push tIM

lei

CLEAR

by.

SUBTOTA.lING

In

_i.

Cllk::ulttoonl,

VOU

Qn

puth

1M

I-I

EQUALS

kr,tod\lP&ly.

IUbtotal.

To

(Otltinut

with

the

alcUlttfOf\

you mult

pull'!

• function

hv

It.-••

, or

+1

blfor.

WlI.i...,1he

nat

l'N1tbet.

PERCENT OF A

NUWlER

TYPICAL

USES

UNIT COSTS

......

....

e M a

".,.-.y

i$

one

~

of

•

~.

one

~trrt

h

one

........

dI.'lh

of

• loniL

Thefet_;Ult".

I*'"Y

($D.OII

tmes

one ta....tnd

.....

onedoOlr.OnIhundrld 1

__

~t~,_u,.1t

110Cl'10).

0 •

_I*c.rt

try

one

hu..-.:l

and

the

rw"ltIfIN

~

.",IIII'lL

The

~u

'*

PG'ord

COlt

of

M

Itwi'!~..

WI pouOldl

lot

10"

_lid

bI

m_

...

1XlUnd

.

ExIfl"'4Me

$

II

+10 •

10

058

for

or»

pound.

1'"

+ lOO'Jl,· 0

01

A.

4.,.

(041

alatuon • ft

••

0011.,

p.,l~

would

be

.D4

I",,"

the

~

prlet.

[U!'''PIt:

S6

00

11.04"

so.20M~

tlX

llMl

tO~

.mOllnl of • lh-I

dolW

~.

~'''4

I:ht Ill(

-..IdPI56

00.

1.04

(ont

'--

,.....

dol"'"

pi

..,

.0&

1I"M1

foV'l

dl)A,rsl.

A

doun

1121

itlmllt

10.60

would be $O.OI5.-fl.

Eumo..:

5060+

12-S005~.

A

c.w

trWelf

360

mil.

and

r.1Aa

20

llIIkIm;

of

....

9'l1On

lor

Wiry18rnua

Of

10.02

...

IN"at10.38

'*

..

101\.

56.-00It1.04..SlS.20

\OUIl

.....

nt

10.38'"18"SO.02cat

_11"I1<1

'ot

..

THE PERCENT ONE NUMBER IS OF ANOTHER NUMBER

A 16.50

"'tf_

on

...

$110

itMft.

1''''

FRACTION TO

DECIMAL

....

'0

SQUARE

AREA

A f\Ill 13

fwI

7

I~

by

14

'111 7

lnc:t'l.-

equals

198.08

1q.I.'

r.t

0(

2201

1IQU"

ynl

19

~

fMt

,"",II one

wqu.'

vll'dl.

7 +

12".5833

,.,

INn

mul1i9!v

198.08';9"21.01

tqUW'I

V.tll

RAISING A NUMBER TO A

POWER

saUARE

ROOTOFA NUMBER tirialllnd error)

ThLI

QlQllltof

cso.

not prootKtt •

..,..

l\~

mt1hod

to d

...

ermlne

Itt.

141_

root of

-'I

!'Umbers.

"0

__•wi1h

the

lollovMt formult

th~

root

of

~nv

nutnblr

an

be c»ttrmoned

in.tJout

four

II..,..

lit

N '

.....

'

tM

number.

In(!

Po

w,1l

bI

your

fi",t

rou9'a

.\dNIlt

tor the

tqUA1I

root. In Ih

.....

mpl.~.

15itthe

1IQU_

root01225,

tnd.

(IIOOd

_""'hi

it

WI\/..

2161«N.

9JbltllUbI

the

numlW1:

In

th'

'CImllol"

beIow.rcl

the

~lt

of

l\'P

1 wilt

be.

dOtll'

_tll'Ntl

numb«

10

lUbllJtuM

'Of

AIn1I'f)

2.

lNn

~t

tht

prOC*M.

For

11.

J,albltllUbI

the.....,1101Ulp

2 forA.Ind

til

0fI.

unlit

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numblr

(N)

dr.idfdbyA

tqU.h

A

to

the

rtlqu,r«!

~.

N"

226,A"151n

OI"ormull

'*

'+

A

,

A !"aIfnbet rnult.opli«1byIbIIl

WIll

......

th.~

..

of

!he

t'IUtt'IbtfOf1M

MCOnd

~

of

m.

numw.

'The

~.

of

tnt f'I.ImbIr

multlpl.ld

by

the

numbef

w~1

.....

mec~or

th'

th

..

d

pow«

of

tht

numbtr,lnd10on:

$lIP

1.

SlIP 2.

221+

15+15+2"15.0J3333

12fI'"

15033]33

+ 15.033333.;.

2"

15,033296

Slip

3.

228 +15 033:xae + 15.D33296.;.2"1603:»e6

15.033296 JI 16

033M-22S.9H88

FIXED

DECIMAL

....,..leoI. IUled

dIomtl

PQ'itJl;m you

moo..

it will

not

.ffect

1tM

\1M

of

!he

c*l"*

lO<Mn

the

Dcirr*

$WItch

is In

the

nOlting

PQSit.lon.

SomI

epplietblt

u_

of

llud

.....

pGlitionl

....

folowl:

The

~ed

"oMI

on

the

ci/'QIh lloIIn:I cort'ftPOndtoIh.,

luted

dIon\II

pwltiorl.

FOf

..

.mpl

••

If

YOUeotl~

the

Mr.

to

ho!e

1.

you

_lei

Moi'lt. f1xtd

dKirrwol

In

\:hi

flflt

pIKe

l0000000.0J.

II

you

COIW'IKt

the

wtretohole 6. you

woukl

Nvt'.

lind

dK:ltMlln

the

Ijllt!

pIklt

(OOO-lIOOOOI

•

the fod

sdlofW kev tirc:ult

boInt

{This

Wlr.

w.

~tId

to

Otle of om-

hol

..

~flng

...

Srilbty.lIIYOl.!

Jhoukf

••

milt you

WWit

to

cNntt

the

fi.ed

d1cJmllI pQlilion.

r_

the

e.IbInt1:

IIId

diM

rtmOW:

ttl,

two

ICtItWS from

the

Io¥rIw "*

of

the

by

circu.t

bowd

end

hit 1M boIJ'd enougn

to..-d'l

mil

fOtl

-

RouIQol

off

frKt*-

U)

~

~

Indic:llt.

tanthl.

For

fp""

dol.,

~

,*"l$.

For

19K

..

tho!nMttn

or

lefl'lht of

t*'!tI.

flWwfrd

....

Ytd

to

1/10.000

,."......d.llv-!

to 1/100.000

AnI......ditpUVed to 1/1..000.000

Arw-r

dlllPUiy«lto

1/10.000,000

USE

o

1

2

3

•

•

•

7

DECIMAL

POSITION

SMeroon

of

the

fixlld

oeclll'llll IK!'itlon

i.

"'"'

bY

(:1)111.1".

the

wr.

0C\f7'II"

from

lui3

of

thI

OIonwllWltdl

I-

FiplR21to

ani

of1MnumbrM:l

ho

..

on

l1\ls

Calculltof

0'''1

thI

OJlllOn

of

09"f'lIrtg

with.

flOl1ing Of'

flll~

dIamIl

point

patillon.

11w Ctk:u1l1Ol' I)ClIIqlftIn1M

Ibed

dclrrwl

mode wftlfl

1N

D1clmlllV.-;td'!

kin

th.

"0"

~llon

1_

F.".

1

on'"

61.

REFERENCE

TABLES

The

following

UIbl

....

IOdudtd

...

llI.lM»

for _

of

1J'M

flWIV

4ppllC:lltOf'W;

of

vour C4kl.l1.tor.

• ount4!S (0:.1

2.lh

2w~

...

2plnb

.~

JI·II2g1l1om

,

.....

•

LIQUID

OR

FLUID MEASURE

•

•

· . .

.oo

lllill

·

..•

I QlP

·-1p"H

(P1.1

.. 1

QlW"t

jqLI

...

1

IIlIon

11111.1

. - 1

t.nl

(bbl.l

.

"I~lhhd.l

2lMnb

.

8 quW11

•

P«kl

.

Avoirdupois

DRY MEASURE

.'

..

MEASURESOFWEIGHT

·

.•.

oo

1

~.-t

· • • . - 1

PIdC

· - 1 bulhellbu.1

METRIC EQUIVALENTS,

LIQUID

OR

FLUID

MEASURE

18 dranu •

,.

ounces

. . .

l00pounck

.

2000

pou"",

2240pou,a

. . . -

437.5

".m"

1 ounetllor..)

· . •.•7000

p,..

.. 1 pouncIllb.1

• - 1

tentll-l

~t

(cwt.1

.

...

- 1

than

ton (T.)

·

•....

oo'!0n9tonorgrDlllon

1

t."il,tW

(tl)

. . •

1

decihtw

(dH

110 til

1

IIw

III

[10 dll

..

1

~"tW

IdtJl110

I)

..

. . .. . . . .

· - .6102 cu.

In.·

.338Ol.

· -

6, 102

t\l.

In

...

.8«5

gill

•

SM:l8

qL-1.0667

qL

·

iOBqt.-2.6

.....

AlII)

(in

Gr.

8t1~nl

"

poundl

••.•.•••.••••.•..••.

......oo

1

ston4

21Wntt

. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . .. 1

~.-t

..

'~tWI

...•...........•••.

-1121b.-l

hundr~t

20

hundr"""'gh1

• • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . - I long

ton

Reference

Tables

(Cont'd.)

Troy (Pr..:ious Mttals)

."

1 ptlWlywlt!ght IchoLI

.

-48Ogra,n1-1

OUfQ

. - 576C19'''''' - 1 pol,lnd

2"

grait'll • 0 0

20

Ptnnv-iltlts

12ounl*

0

••

6,080 I.e, .

.,,,,

120 l.,nom.

1 I'\IUtiClllT'ull..hour

NAUTICAL

MEASURE

•

- I I\IUlcal

mil.

...- 1

'.chom

0-

1

eIbII'~

o

o-lk!'Otof~

1 wboc

loot

...•

1

tube

loot

of~.

1

e-tlon

of~

•.

1

c:uboc

footoflei

1

blr'nl(bbl.'

nour

1 Ion

n.v

1 lOtI hire!

cc*

1 lOtI

10ft

coer

...

.. .

.

.

•

..

• -1·11291llonl

0"

82

112

ptll./nds

.

-8-1IJpounck

o

-S1·lnpounck

'...196 pounck

.•

SOOeuboc

I.

-35

cubk; f•

•

-42cubkf.

7.92lndMs

2511nk1

.

lD011tIb

80"""

1 bultltl

19a11on

.

SURVEYORS' MEASURE

.. 1 I.nk

• 1

"'"

..

66

ft.

- 1

cNltI

o 0 0 • - I mU.

COMMON

EaUIVALENTS

I.pprolllimital

0"

2160wbK

inc:hMor 1·114cublc

,_

o • 0 • 0 0 • • 0

0"

23\

cubit

lncn.

WEIGHT OF WATER

1

wbk

Int:h

. • . . _

......•

.0380 pound

12c.sbic~

o.

••

0 0 0 • • 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0

.413pourd

1c:ubk looc

••••••••.•••••••.•

0 0 0 0 • 82.3 pounds

1cvbk:

loot

• .

....

0

••••

0••0 0

o.

7.48062 U.s.

fIl10nl

1.8wboc

f.

..

0 0

••

0 112.0 pounck

35.98 c.sbk f

..

t 0 • • 0 0 0 0

••0••

0 0 0 0 • 2140.0pl)UIldiI

1 l"",*iaIl11llon

••

0

•••••••

0 • 0 • • • •

10..0

poundI

11.2

11nI*'-'

_10m

.0

•••••••••••

0 • 112.0

POUI'ldI

224

Iml*gl

...

1otw

. 0 • 2140.0 pouncI1

1 U.5.1Il1on • 0 • 0 • • • •

••

•••••

•

833

poundI

13.45 US.""lor.

. . . . . •

'12.0

pouNs

289 0 U.s.

""lor.

••

•••.•••

•••••

2240.0 pounds

Reference

Tables

(Cont'd.)

COMMON KITCHEN MEASUREMENTS

LINEAR

MEASURE

eOUIVALENT

• • • • • •

...

1 foot

..

113

14/121

fl'J(M'"

1

hind

• . . . . . • . .. 1

19«'

. 1

'fwd

.. 1&-1/2

IMI"

1 rod,

poIt

Of

perdl

. . . . . ..

220

'(.as

..

1

tuMrlg

.. 1,760

ywdI-

5.280'Nt

.. 1

mhe

...,1....

...

1doIi;r_

..•

, mU.

SQUAREORAREA

MEASURE

•

12

ifdteI

.,

.....

8'

.....

31_

~1f2

.,._<h

"'

....

8""-

.

3mll

....

.'I8IT1l*

320.-

•

•

•

•...•.

··'{18IMlpOOl.

.,

~lll2ounctll4Jkfl

• . . .. 1/4 cup (2 oureM

ll~ktJ

•..5 tllbIeOQOOId plus ,

l.atpOOn

..........

8

~

{4

Ol,Inc.

..

liqukll

.. 112

c:up

{4

ou"""

I~ldl

. ..

16

Qll'll~

18

ou_

hq.lldl

. .. 1Pint t

16

oure.

"~idl

."

1

~.t

132

ounce

I~idl

..

'_Ion

• • • . • • •."1

pec:k

.

......•

,~

..........

'"

pound

(dry"__

It'll

.. .

STANDARD

One

pll'lCtl

Of

dMt1

31M$pOO'"

•

4

abt"Poons

•

1/3

CUP

••••

112Q1p

••••

1

"n

.

'''''' .

'N"

2 pong

'-,>

8

........

.......

18_

12

U"'h

.....

12~0l'

1,"unlb

COUNTING

•

I

do,

..

ldoL.1

."

'''~

tlll'.)

'4-tlQl*ell'lC:Mf

....•.

-1

......

foot

i~'tn

-1.-.yam

JO.11.

~

ylfds

..

1

~.

rod,

paM

Of

I*'th

160~roch

...............•.....

" I 1

10~.

cNlM 43,seo

Iq.

tt.

M:R

&40 1Cf_" 1

~

1Tll1," 1

"Iktion"

of

U.s.

Gortwnml1lt

IUf\It'YId

lind

....

,.

Reference

Tables

(Cant'd.)

CUBIC OR

VOlU

E MEASURE METRIC

EaUIVALENTS

.......

of

llcwd

'Nt

on

aloe"

111"

lel-4,1

2L

~

-d

H

..

d-.-

of

log

Itlktn""'"

\hi

~.t

IN

vna1I

Mdl

lit

i...a-;.-.d

La

'-IIlh

of q

in

r.t.

ltw

"

~

..

~KUd

..

¥I

_a--

for

IIIb.

"-'.Iibel 10

~

dw

for""""

blfcnrtalll

pf~~

bY'

the~

•

.1"

.....

...

JlI311n.

-3.131

...

.-Jt37in.-l.lyd.

..

m7

if\. .. 10 yd.2.h..

:."328 It. 1 irl.

. _

.••

-3.280h.ll1\,

•

•

1

_.

{rnml

1

ctolt

__

lonl

,

1_1

1~1

1

1 .

'''~.

1

klcwlw.-

•

••

..

•."I g,jbic

fOOl

•."1

C1>lIC

Va-d

· .. 128

cubic

1-.

-1/12C1olblc

loot

••••...••..

" 24..,Jf.

C1obil:

11ft

l"~"",

tl'Ol"t

16-1n10

25

Q.lbic

fMCI

1.728a.bci...m.

27

Q.lbc

'-t

1cord

of

wood

1

bWd

'001..144

o.bc

.rdlII

1

pwch

of

~u:-'II

or

brick

.....

ANa

LES

AND

ARCS

,

.....

""

-

'''''1

C1W<lIMIIt_

,--

.....

1

~

lliklflwtlr

I..

.

•.•..

· 00155

Ill-

In.

·

.•......

·.lS5

.... in.

•..10.

~

$q.

ft.

Of

1.1

SllIq. yd.

.

.3IIlllll

I.

..•.•.•...•..

·IOOlq.rnt..·l1V

,cl

..

b-.c

UI\,t

In

,...",,,.

lend

eo

1oICIOndI1'"

eo

/'ft,,..tII

.......

___

of

Ire

l«cl.j

_-"01..,..

• • •

·..1

""nul.

C•,

··'-..1",

•-,'

...t....

...

1

uwmf.-

..

1

~.

roUlt>on

Cubic:

1

cube

f'Ililh"w.

1

C\IDOC

tll'lhl'l'll"

1

cutlic

,.,...

•

•

.•.••••.

"

.00CXl81

CIlook

InCfMI

· . . . . . . . .

.•.

0810

cube

IncNI

· •

~31"

wbtt

tMt·

1.J079Q1bc""

......

CONVERTING

INCHES

AND

FRACTIONSOFAN INCH TO

DECIMALS

OFAFOOT

,-

, ,

3

•

•

•

,

•

•

,

..

.0133

'86'

,.

.333

41"

•

.

.."

86'

,.

""""

'0

II

,

.•

1:4

3.

'"

....

3'

n

,

..

.."

.8167

.0'"

D20I

.OJ13

.0417

DI2'

DO"

om

DECIMAL

EQUIVALENTS OF

C~~ON

FRACTIONS

'"

SOOll

'/32

.0313

3'11

•2727

1111

.....

,.,

.3333

,

....

.

DIY

..

.IIIlJO

'

.•

1750

'/4

2SOD

2/3

..

,

4f1

,.S714

,

...

1371

,

...

.2OOD

...

.

4ODO

....

....

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BENTON

HARBOR:.

MICHIGAN

THE

WORLD'S

FINEST

ELECTRONIC

EQUIPMENT

IN

KIT

FORM