Hayes Microcomputer Products PC Card User Manual
DIVA T/A PC Card
Reference Guide
Second Edition (March 1998) 206-179-02
DIVA T/A PC Card is a t rademark of Eicon Technology Corporation.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are r e gistered trademar ks of Microsoft Corporation.
CompuServe is a r egistered trademark of CompuServe Incorporated.
Hayes is a registered trademark of Hayes Microcomputer P roducts, Inc.
Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated
into new editions of the publication. Eicon Technology may make improvements and/or
changes in the products and/or programs described in this publication at any ti me.
A Product Comme nt Form is provided at the back of this publication. I f the form has been
removed, address your com me nts to: Eicon Technology Corporation, Attn. : Corporate
Publications, 9800 Cavendish B lvd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H 4M 2V9. Eicon
Technology may use or di s tribute whatever information you supply in any way it believes
appropriate w ithout incurring any obligations to you.
Copyright © 1998 Eicon Technology Corporation. Al l rights res erved, including those to
reproduce this publication or parts thereof in any for m w ithout permiss ion in writing from
Eicon Technology Corporation.
Table of Contents
What is ISDN?......................................................................................4
What is EZ-ISDN/IOC?.......................................................................8
What is AutoSPID?...............................................................................9
What is Non-Initializing Terminal Mode?......................................... 10
What is Multilink PPP?......................................................................11
What is BACP/BOD? ......................................................................... 12
What is Data Compression?............................................................... 13
AT Commands.................................................................................... 14
Alphabetical List of Supported AT Commands.................................16
General AT Commands...................................................................... 25
ISDN Configuration Commands ........................................................ 29
COM Port Configuration Commands................................................ 34
Call Control Commands..................................................................... 39
V.120 Configuration Commands ........................................................ 42
V.110 Configuration Commands ........................................................ 45
Profile Commands.............................................................................. 46
Multilink PPP Commands.................................................................. 48
Utility Commands............................................................................... 51
Mini-monitor Commands................................................................... 53
AT Command Result Codes...............................................................54
What is ISDN?
While you've heard of ISDN, there's a good chance you're unsure
whether you need it - or even what, exactly, it is. Even though ISDN
is globally available, it's so new that understanding it may require a
little investigation.
In simple terms, ISDN is a replacement for plain old telephone
service, which was never designed to meet the needs of the
information age. ISDN uses the same wiring that currently serves
homes and businesses. You get ISDN service from the same
companies who provide telephone service, and you use it to connect
telephones, computers, and fax machines. The difference is that you
get much faster, much more dependable connections for voice, data,
fax, and even video - all through a single line. There is no other
technology that comes close to delivering such communications
benefits today.
International ISDN standards were established about 10 years ago.
Since then, telephone companies throughout the world have raced to
upgrade their equipment to ISDN standards. As ISDN service
availability has spread, many millions of computer users have turned
to ISDN, and new users are coming on board even faster.
ISDN stands for Integrated Services
Digital Network
"Integrated Services" refers to ISDN's ability to deliver two
simultaneous connections, in any combination of data, voice, video,
and fax, over a single line. Multiple devices can be attached to the
line, and used as needed. That means an ISDN line can take care of
most people's complete communications needs, without forcing the
purchase of multiple analog phone lines at a higher transmission rate.
The "Digital" in ISDN refers to its purely digital transmission, as
opposed to the analog transmission of plain old telephone service. If
you're using a modem for Internet access at this moment, your
Internet service provider's modem has converted this site's digital
content to analog signals before sending it to you, and your modem
converts those signals back to digital when receiving (the same thing
happens with every keystroke and mouse click you transmit). When
you connect with ISDN, there is no analog conversion. ISDN
transmits data digitally, resulting in a very clear transmission quality.
There is none of the static and noise of analog transmissions that can
slow transmission speed.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 4
"Network" refers to the fact that ISDN is not simply a point-to-point
solution like a leased line. ISDN networks extend from the local
telephone exchange to the remote user and include all of the
telecommunications and switching equipment in between. When you
have ISDN, you can make connections throughout the world to other
ISDN equipment. If your ISDN equipment includes analog
capabilities, you can also connect to analog modems, fax machines,
and telephones, even though they may be connected to plain old
telephone service.
Benefits
While ISDN accommodates telephones and fax machines, its most
popular advantage is in computer applications. You can plug an ISDN
adapter into a phone jack, like you would an analog modem, and get a
much faster connection with no "line noise."
The most common ISDN service, Basic Rate Interface (BRI),
provides two 64 Kbps channels per line. When the two channels are
bonded in a single connection, you get a speed of 128 Kbps, which is
about four times the actual top speed of the fastest analog modems.
Compression can increase throughput to around 250 Kbps.
Telecommuters, for example, benefit immensely from ISDN. Whether
you access the corporate LAN in the evenings or maintain a full-time,
remote home office, ISDN is the next best thing to being there. Email, database access, and file transfers improve dramatically, making
it seem like you're locally attached to the LAN.
Internet access is another great application for ISDN. Compared with
even the fastest modem access, ISDN makes Web graphics appear
almost immediately, and can reduce download times by over 75%.
ISDN can even provide advantages over shared, higher-bandwidth
office connections; PC Magazine advises that an ISDN connection
can deliver better performance than a T1 shared among users on a
LAN. And in many markets, it's actually cheaper than an isolated
analog business line.
Such large-scale file transfer applications as medical imaging,
insurance and law enforcement imaging, and the preparation of
printed materials are additional arenas where ISDN proves highly
beneficial. With the dramatic reduction in file transfer time, ISDN
makes even multi-megabyte files available to recipients within
minutes, not hours.
Videoconferencing is an ISDN application that's growing fast in
popularity, and ISDN is currently the only way of making it happen.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 5
ISDN Communication Channels
In the ISDN interface, a number of communication channels are
carried over a digital line. These communication channels can vary by
the type of information they transmit and by the transmission speed
they support. The number and type of channels used may vary.
The communication channels can be of the following types:
B-Channel - 64 Kbps
D-Channel - 16 or 64 Kbps
H-Channel - 384, 1536, or 1920 Kbps (not yet commercially
available)
Different combinations of these channels are used to support different
types of usage (e.g., basic, primary and broadband).
B-Channel
The B-channel is a user (bearer) channel which carries a subscriber’s
digital traffic (e.g. digitized video, voice, audio, or digital data, or
perhaps a mixture). The bandwidth of this channel is 64 Kbps. The
control signals used to set up the connection, however, are not sent
over the B-channel. The call establishment is done on the D-channel
using common-channel signaling. This concept will be discussed
shortly.
Two kinds of connections can be established over a B-channel:
Circuit-Switched
Packet-Switched
Circuit-switched connections are ideal for voice traffic for several
reasons. Voice data is “delay-sensitive”, meaning that it must not be
delayed, and that it must be received in the order in which it was
transmitted. There is a call set-up time that is characteristic of circuitswitched connections. This time lag is quite acceptable when
measured against the length of a typical telephone call.
In a packet-switched data network or PSDN, data to be transmitted is
broken up into individual units called packets that are then routed
from sender to receiver. The sender/receiver can be any type of
terminal, printer, computer or other device that supports an interface
to the network.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 6
D-Channel
The primary function of the D-channel is to carry common-channel
signaling information to manage and control circuit-switched calls on
B-channels.
The D-channel can also be used for packet-switching or low-speed
telemetry when it is not involved in control signaling. Message
signaling takes priority over data packet-switching.
The D-channel functions at 16 Kbps for Basic Rate Interface or 64
Kbps for Primary Rate Interface. The speed is dependent on the enduser’s interface.
H-Channel
The H-channel is used for high-speed user data traffic at bit rates
higher than 64Kbps. Examples of services which require these higher
rates are: fast facsimile, teleconferencing, and video. An H-channel
user can subdivide the channel using TDM to meet specific
requirements.
Connecting to ISDN - BRI and PRI
There are two types of access interfaces to the ISDN: Basic Rate
Access (also referred to as Basic Rate Interface (BRI)) and Primary
Rate Access (also referred to as Primary Rate Interface (PRI)).
Basic Rate Access
Basic Rate Interface or Access consists of two B-channels operating
at 64 Kbps and one D-channel operating at 16 Kbps. It is also
commonly referred to as 2B+D.
Primary Rate Access
The primary rate interface is designed for users with large capacity
requirements.
There is no single transmission rate defined for primary rate access. In
North America and Japan, for example, primary rate interface is based
upon the T1 rate (defined in detail shortly) of 1.544 Mbps. In Europe,
by comparison, the rate is 2.048 Mbps.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 7
What is EZ-ISDN/IOC?
We highly recommend that you use our toll free ISDN ordering
service to make sure you get the correct ISDN line the first time. The
service is free to our customers.
EZ-ISDN / IOC simplifies the ordering of your ISDN line. It lets you
use simple codes to order pre-configured packages of ISDN features
and services.
The North American ISDN User's Forum (NIUF) and Local Exchange
Carriers (LEC) administer the assignment of codes. Bellcore
administers the National ISDN Ordering Code (IOC) process.
We recommend the use of the following ISDN Ordering codes:
When ordering your ISDN line, use these codes depending on which
method your ISDN provider supports:
EZ-ISDN: Use ordering code 1
IOC: Use ordering code R
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 8
What is AutoSPID?
(North America only)
AutoSPID is a new National ISDN protocol feature which enables the
DIVA T/A to download a list of Service Profile Identifiers (SPIDs),
Directory Number and Call Type information from the ISDN line, and
to determine whether the SPIDs are currently initialized by other
devices.
Note: Check with your ISDN service provider to determine if they
support the AutoSPID feature.
This feature effectively eliminates the need for you to configure any
ISDN parameters.
AutoSPID works in the following manner:
If there are no SPIDs configured, then AutoSPID attempts to
determine and then assign SPIDs and DNs to the location designated
to store the AutoSPID parameters. The location for storing your
AutoSPID information can be configured on the Advanced
Configuration page.
If AutoSPID fails to detect the SPIDs, try entering the DNs (in a 10
digit format) and the DIVA T/A will attempt to perform generic SPID
guessing.
Unless the SPIDs and DNs are configured correctly, whether through
AutoSPID, SPID guessing, or configured manually, ISDN will fail to
initialize (the D-LED will flash).
The only way to use the DIVA T/A without entering SPIDs, is to
configure the ISDN numbers for Non-Initializing Terminal mode.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 9
What is Non-Initializing Terminal
Mode?
(North America only)
Non-Initializing Terminal mode is a new ISDN NI-1 protocol feature
which enables the DIVA T/A to operate without SPIDs. This leaves
the SPIDs available for use by other ISDN devices connected over the
same NT1.
To configure the DIVA T/A for Non-Initializing Terminal mode,
deselect the SPID checkbox in the Windows Configuration Tool, or
specify Yes for the Non-Initializing parameter in the VT-100
Configuration Tool.
Warning: (NI-1 switches only) While in Non-Initializing Terminal
mode, the DIVA T/A will only allow outgoing calls to be made, and
most line interfaces will allow some form of restricted operation (for
example: access to operator and emergency services). All incoming
calls will be rejected. No AutoSPID information will be stored in nonvolatile memory; however, the auto-detection status remains
available.
Note: Check with your ISDN service provider to determine if they
support Non-Initializing terminal mode.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 10
What is Multilink PPP?
The DIVA T/A serves as an intermediary between its host workstation
and the remote device to which data is being transmitted. All the
protocol processing required for the negotiation of a Multilink PPP
connection is performed on the DIVA T/A itself. The PC forwards
asynchronous PPP packets to the DIVA T/A which, in turn, converts
the packets for synchronous transmission and negotiates the various
authentications required to establish the Multilink PPP connection
with the target system over ISDN lines. This allows for the more
efficient use of the ISDN line without requiring any changes to the
PPP stack currently loaded on your PC.
While Multilink PPP effectively doubles the DIVA T/A's throughput
to 128 kbps, the DIVA T/A can support COM port bit rates as high as
512 kbps by enabling the Turbo Mode feature. Turbo Mode comprises
a set of proprietary DIVA T/A commands which permit the user to
specify throughput speeds in excess of the traditional terminal
emulation upper limit of 115200 bps. The Turbo Mode bit rate is set
using the AT%MT1 command (see page 35, for more on AT%MT1).
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 11
What is BACP/BOD?
DIVA T/A supports the Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol
(BACP) and Bandwidth on Demand (BOD). These two features
combine to allow the DIVA T/A to establish multilink sessions that
provide larger amounts of bandwidth than that offered over a single
dialup channel. Such multilink sessions are established according to
procedures defined in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
PPP Multilink specification (RFC 1717).
BACP/BOD works by informing the DIVA T/A which dial-in ports
are presently available for a multilink session. It allows the answering
location to reserve those ports for the calling party and provides the
calling party with the telephone numbers of those ports.
A bandwidth control protocol also allows a user at the calling location
to establish a multilink session by knowing only one telephone
number instead of all the numbers to be dialed for the full session.
With a bandwidth control protocol, the answering location provides
the calling location with a list of the remaining telephone numbers to
be used for the connection, and the additional channels are dialed by
the calling equipment transparently to the user. This effectively raises
a 64kbps connection into a 128 kbps connection.
BACP/BOD also controls whether the second line is required or not.
When bandwidth demand goes up, the second B-channel can
automatically be established, and conversely, when bandwidth
demand goes down, the second channel can be dropped. The primary
advantage, therefore, is a reduction of dial up charges; a second line is
only used (and hence paid for) when it is required.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 12
What is Data Compression?
To establish communications over a PPP link, each end of the
connection must first send packets to configure and test the data link.
After the link has been established, optional facilities may be
negotiated as needed. One such facility is data compression. A wide
variety of compression methods may be negotiated, although typically
only one method is used for both directions of the link.
Data compression is a process where the effective throughput is
increased by encoding data in such a way that fewer bits are required
to represent it. For example, a text file might be compressed by
representing common words with single characters; thus if the word
“the” is represented by the character “@”, it will be transmitted three
times faster. Popular compression algorithms typically reduce the size
of the data by 50%, effectively doubling the rate at which it is
transmitted.
The Compression Control Protocol (CCP) works with MLPPP and is
responsible for configuring, enabling, and disabling data compression
algorithms on both ends of the point-to-point link. PC Compression
negotiation takes precedence over the DIVA T/A negotiation for
performance considerations (for example, the PC compression may
reduce the number of bytes that go through the serial interface, the PC
has the quicker CPU, etc.). The DIVA T/A compression negotiation,
however, will assume control should no compression be detected or
the initial negotiation fail. No user configuration is required to enable
the DIVA T/A’s compression functionality.
Compression algorithms currently supported by the DIVA T/A
include Stacker LZS (Hi/fn), MPPC (Microsoft), and Ascend.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 13
AT Commands
This section contains a description of all AT Commands relevant to
DIVA T/A.
Locating Commands
To make it easier for you to locate a command, this guide has
organized commands in two ways.
AT Commands are grouped into several categories. Use the section
AT Command Groups on page 15 to locate the relevant category.
An alphabetical list of commands is also available. It is found in the
section Alphabetical List of Supported AT Commands on page16
AT Command Forma t
When using AT commands, you must follow these conventions:
A command line consists of a prefi x, body, a nd te rm ina t or. E a c h
command line must be gi n with “ AT” (exc e pt A/ and ? ? ).
AT commands must be terminated by a carriage return (except
A/).
Commands entered in upper or lower case are accepted.
The body is a string of commands restri c te d to pri nt abl e ASCII
characters (032 - 126).
Space (ASCII 032) and control characters other than CR (ASCII
013) and BS (ASCII 010) in the command string are i gnored.
A command line may be aborted at any time by entering
< ctrl-x > (ASCII 024).
Carriage returns are program m abl e through re gi ster S3.
The default terminator is the ASCII <CR> character. Characters
that precede the AT prefix are ignored.
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 14
Command Format--Continued
The DIVA T/A recognizes the backspace character for editing.
When echo is enabled, a backspace or delete is echoed as a
backspace character followed by a space character, and another
backspace. The code used for the backspace character is
programmable through regi ste r S5. Val ues equa l to 0 or gre a te r
than 32, or the carri age re turn c ha rac t er va l ue , c a nnot be used for
the backspace character.
The AT sequence may be foll owed by a ny com m and seque nc e, e xc e pt
for the f o l l o wi n g: ATZ, AT D, ATA, AT@ ME NU, AT>H,
AT>VC, AT > VD, AT>VT, and AT>Z . C o m m ands foll owing
these (on the same comm a nd li ne ) are i gnored.
Execut ion of c om ma nds ATD and ATA, ei t her a s a re sult of a
direct command or a re-execute command, will be aborted if
another characte r i s ente re d before c om ple ti on of t he ha ndshake .
The ma xim um numbe r of c har ac t ers on any c om ma nd l ine i s 80
(including “A” and “T” ).
If a syntax error i s found in a c om ma nd, t he re m ai nde r of the l ine
will be ignored and an ERROR code will be returned.
Missing decimal parameters (n) are assumed as 0.
Most commands entered with parameters out of range will not be
accepted and the ERROR response will be returned to the DTE.
The next command will only be accepted by the DIVA T/A once
the previous command has been fully executed.
AT Command Group s
Group See page
General AT Commands 25
ISDN Configuration Commands 29
COM Port Configuration Commands 34
Call Control Commands 39
V120 Configuration Commands 42
V.110 Configuration Commands 45
Profile Commands 45
Multilink PPP Commands 48
Utility Commands 51
Mini-monitor Commands 53
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 15
Alphabetical List of Supported AT
Commands
The following table summarizes the AT Commands supported by the
DIVA T/A. Go to the specified page number for more information.
Note: Static parameters are preceded by an asterisk “*”. Changes
made to static parameters do not take effect until you restart your
system (use the AT&Wn command to restart your system). Changes to
all other parameters (dynamic parameters) take effect immediately.
AT Command Description See Page
ATA Answer Cal l s 40
ATDn Dial a Nu m b e r 40
ATEn Local Echo 35
ATH Hangup a Call 41
ATIn View Product Information 25
ATO Return Online 25
ATQn Quiet Result Codes 36
ATSn Establishes S-Registers n as the
selected register
ATSn=v S-Register n to Value
ATS0=n Rings to Au t o -An swe r 41
ATS1? View Ring Count 41
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 16
v
25
37
Alphabetical List of Supported AT Commands—Continued
AT Command Description See Page
ATS2=n Escape Character 36
ATS3=n Carriage Return Character 36
ATS4=n Line Feed Character 36
ATS5=n Back Space Character 37
ATSn? Value of S-Register n 26
ATVn Result Code Format 37
ATWn Connec t Message Control 37
ATXn Extended Results Code 38
ATZn Restart Diva 47
AT!C1=n *ISDN Switch Type (Prim a ry) 29
AT!C11=n *ISDN Switch Type (Alternate) 29
AT!C2=n *AutoSPID Stor a g e Location 30
AT!C4=n *Enable/Disable Primary Non-
30
initializing mode
AT!C41=n *Enable/Disable Alternate Non-
30
initializing mode
AT!C5=n *Enable/Disable Primary Non-
31
initializing mode for second Bchannel
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 17
Alphabetical List of Supported AT Commands—Continued
AT Command Description See Page
AT!C51=n *Enable/Disable Alternate Non-
31
initializing mode for second Bchannel
AT!C6=n * ISDN Prim a r y SPID Nu m b e r
31
(applicable to North America
only)
AT!C61=n * ISDN Alter n a t e SPID Number
31
(applicable to North America
only)
AT!C7=n * ISDN Prim a r y SPID Nu m b e r
31
for second B-channel (applic a ble
to North America only)
AT!C71=n * ISDN Alter n a t e SPID Number
31
for second B-channel (applic a ble
to North America only)
AT!E0=n V.120 N201 Tx (Maximum
42
Transmit Frame Size)
AT!E1=n V.120 N201 Rx (Maximum
42
Receive Frame Size)
AT!E2=n V.120 Multiframe Mode 42
AT!E3=n V.120 K Window Size 43
AT!E4=n V.120 T200 (Retransmission
43
Timer)
AT!E5=n V.120 N200 (Maximum Retry
43
Count)
DIVA T/A PC Card Reference Guide 18
Loading...