LOGGING
MICROPROCESSOR
TURBIDITY
METER
HI
93703-11
Instruction Manual
HI 93703-11
Portable Microprocessor
Turbidity Meter with
RS232
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These Instruments are in
Compliance with the CE Directives
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully
before using the instrument.
This manual will provide you with the necessary
information for the correct use of the instrument, as well as a more precise idea of its
versatility.
This instrument is in compliance with the
directives EN 50081-1 and EN 50082-1.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminary Examination ............................ 3
General Description.................................... 3
Principle of Operation................................. 5
Functional Description................................ 6
Specifications ............................................ 7
Operational Guide ...................................... 8
Measurement Procedure ....................... 8
Log-on-demand ................................... 11
Cleaning Logged Data ......................... 11
Viewing Logged Data .......................... 12
Viewing and setting Date and Time ..... 12
Error Codes......................................... 13
Ensure Accurate Measurements............. 14
Sources of Interference....................... 15
Calibration................................................ 16
Calibration Procedure .......................... 16
Viewing Calibration Date ..................... 18
Ensure Accurate Calibration................ 18
Standard Suspension .......................... 19
Battery Replacement ............................... 20
RS 232 Connection .................................. 21
Accessories............................................. 22
Warranty .................................................. 22
CE Declaration of Conformity ................... 23
2
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Remove the instrument from the packing material
and examine it to make sure that no damage has
occurred during shipping. If there is any damage,
notify your Dealer.
HI 93703-11 is supplied complete with:
• 4 x 1.5V AA Size Batteries (4 ea.)
• Glass Cuvet
• Cap
Note: Save all packing material until you are
sure that the instrument functions correctly.
Any defective item must be returned in its
original packaging with the supplied accessories.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
With HI93703-11 turbidity measurements can
be performed with high precision in the field as
well as in the laboratory. HI93703-11 turbidity
meter is a microprocessor-based, battery
operated instrument used to determine the
turbidity of water and waste-water. The meter
covers a 0-1000 FTU range in two scales: 0.00
to 50.00 FTU and 50 to 1000 FTU. The
autoranging feature of the instrument sets the
appropriate range for the measurement.
HI 93703-11 also includes a real-time clock,
log-on-demand and RS-232 capability. The serial
interface is through serial port (9-pin or 25-pin)
of an IBM-compatible computer and the 5-pin
socket on the meter.
Note: HI 93703-11 has been designed
according to the ISO 7027 International
Standard, consequently the turbidity
measurement units are expressed in
FTU (Formazine Turbidity Unit). FTU is
identical to the other internationally
recognized unit: NTU (Nephelometric
Turbidity Unit).
3
HI 93703-11 is a portable turbidity meter with
the mark, in compliance with the European
directives EN 50081-1 and EN 50082-1,
ensuring low emission values and accurate
measurements in presence of electromagnetic
fields.
The meter is housed in a rugged and lightweight
case, with an easy-to-read LCD. To save battery-life, the instrument is equipped with an
automatic shut-off feature which is activated
after 5-minutes of non-use. This feature is
disabled when the meter is connected to the
serial port of the computer.
HI 93703-11 is simple to use. All operations can
be carried out with only five keys and troubleshooting functions can be performed with displayed error code guides. A positive-locking
system guarantees that the cuvet is firmly
placed in the cell. The keypad is water-resistant
and can be wiped with a moist cloth for quick
cleanups.
Two or three points calibration (0,10, 500
FTU*) can be easily performed using available standards. In addition, HI 93703-11 automatically stores the last calibration date,
that may be retrieved by a single key touch.
We have chosen 10 FTU * as the standard
calibration point because it best fits the
water turbidity measurements in different
applications, from drinking water to wastewater treatment.
Hanna uses the primary standard AMCO-AEPA1 to avoid all formazine-related problems. Formazine is a toxic, unstable substance, which
requires particular care: its standards have to
be prepared only a few minutes before performing the calibration, and cannot be reused because of their short life. Hanna standards are
extremely stable, can be reused, and last up to
six months, if free from contamination. HI 93703-
11 can be used with both standards.
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
4
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
HI 93703-11 has been designed to perform
measurements according to the ISO 7027 International Standard.
The instrument functions by passing a beam of
infrared light through a vial containing the sample
being measured.
LIGHT
DETECTOR
IR LED
EMITTED LIGHT (890 nm)
90° SCATTERED
CUVET
LIGHT
A sensor, positioned at 90° with respect to the
direction of light, detects the amount of light
scattered by the undissolved particles present
in the sample. The microprocessor converts
such readings into FTU* values.
As noted above, FTU unit is equal to the NTU
unit. However, there are other known measurement units for turbidity: Jackson Turbidity Unit
(JTU) based on the old method of Jackson's
candle, and Silica Unit (mg/L of SiO2). For your
reference the conversion table between these
measurement units is shown below:
JT U FTU/NTU SiO2 (mg/L)
JTU 1 19 2.5
FTU /NTU 0.053 1 0.13
SiO2 (mg/L) 0.4 7.5 1
5
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
8
1
2
LOG LOBAT
HI 93703-11
35
4
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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188
VIEW
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
DATE
TIME
%
6
7
1) Measurement Cell
2) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
3) ON/OFF key / CLR key, to clear log memory
4) GLP key, to display last calibration date/
time / CAL key, to enter the Calibration
Mode
5) STO key, to store sample after reading /
VIEW key, to view log memory
6) READ key, to perform measurements /
DATE key to display (toggle) current date/
time
7) ALT key, to activate the ALT functions
(second function keys in orange)
8) RS 232 5-pin connector
6
SPECIFICATIONS
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METER
HI93703
Range 0.00 to 50.00 FTU *
50 to 1000 FTU *
Resolution 0.01 and 1 FTU *
Accuracy ±0.5 FTU*
±5% of reading
(whichever greater)
EMC Typical ±2% Full Scale
Deviation
Light Source High Emission Infrared LED
Light Source Life Life of the instrument
Light Detector Silicon Photocell
OPERATIONAL GUIDE
To prepare the instrument for taking
measurements, first install the batteries (see
Battery Replacement section on page 20) and
then turn the instrument on.
To maximize battery-life, the display is
automatically switched off after 5-minutes of
non-use. To reactivate the display, simply press
the ON/OFF key.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE:
HI 93703-11
CLR
VIEW
• Turn the meter on by
pressing the ON/OFF
key.
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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STO
DATE
READ
ALT
Power Source 4 x 1.5V AA alkaline batteries
Battery Life 60 hours or 900 measurements
Auto-Shut off After 5 minutes
Operating 0 to 50
°
C (32 to 122°F);
Conditions 0 to 95% RH (non-condensing)
Dimensions 220 x 82 x 66 mm
(8.7 x 3.2 x 2.6")
Weight 510 g (18 oz.)
7
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
• The meter will carry
out a self-test displaying a full set of figures.
LOG LOBAT
• The meter will carry
out a battery test showing in percentage the
battery life left.
• When the LCD displays “--- -” the meter
is ready to measure.
• Fill a clean cuvet up to one quarter inch (0.5 cm) from its rim with
the thoroughly agitated sample.
• Allow sufficient time for bubbles
to escape before securing the cap.
Note: do not overtighten the cap.
8
188
98
ba
DATE %
TIME
1/4“
%
0.5 cm
NOTE: Wipe the cuvet thoroughly with a lint-
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METER
free tissue (HI93703-70) before inserting into the measurement cell.
The cuvet must be completely free of
fingerprints and other oil or dirt, particularly in the area where the light
goes through (approx. the bottom
2 cm/1").
• Place the cuvet into
the cell and check
that the notch on the
cap is positioned securely into the
groove.
• Even though HI 93703-11 covers a very
wide range of turbidity values, for very
accurate measurements of samples exceeding 40FTU *, Standard Methods require dilution. In such cases, the correct
amount of HI93703-0 or turbidity-free
water to be added to the sample can be
calculated as follows:
Vos = 3000 / T
where: Vos = volume of sample (mL) to be
combined with HI 93703-0 to
obtain the final volume of 100mL.
T = HI 93703 reading (exceeding
40FTU*)
E.g.:HI 93703 reading = 200 FTU *
3000 / 200 = 15 mL (Vos)
15 mL (Vos)+85 mL (HI93703-0) = 100 mL
• The mark on the
cuvet cap should
point towards the
LCD.
• Press the READ key
and the LCD will display a blinking “SIP”
(Sampling in Process). The turbidity
value will appear after approx. 20 seconds.
9
HI 93703-11
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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TURBIDITY METER
VIEW
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
51
At this point, take a sample of this solution
and measure its turbidity.
The correct turbidity value of the original
sample will be:
Tn x 100 mL / Vos = T
a
where: Tn = new HI 93703 reading
Ta = actual turbidity value of the original
sample
E.g. If Tn = 27 FTU *
Ta = 27 FTU *x100 mL / 15 mL = 180 FTU *
NOTE: Any sample taken above 1000 FTU will
show out of range by blinking "1000".
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
10
LOG-ON-DEMAND:
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METER
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TURBIDITY
METER
METER
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TURBIDITY
METER
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METER
METER
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VIEWING LOGGED DATA:
• After taking a reading, press the STO
button. The last
sample read will be
stored in memory.
The display will also
show on the bottom
HI 93703-11
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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TURBIDITY METER
VIEW
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
right corner the reference number of the
stored sample.
NOTE: When the maximum number of samples
has been reached
(199), the LCD display will show "FULL".
FULL
This is a warning that
you will be overwriting
the oldest sample recorded. To store the
current sample, press the STO button again
and this will overwrite the oldest sample in the
memory. All samples are shifted (reference
numbers reduced by one). Sample number
one remains the oldest sample.
CLEARING LOGGED DATA:
HI 93703-11
• Press the ALT &
CLR buttons together. The display
will show "CLR" for
confirmation. Press
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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VIEW
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
ALT & CLR again to
clear memory. To
abort the operation,
press any button.
CLR
LOG
ALL SAMPLES PREVIOUSLY STORED WILL
BE ERASED FROM MEMORY!
11
• Press the ALT & VIEW
buttons together. The
last sample will be displayed.
• Press the right arrow to
scroll between turbidity
value, date and time of
the sample.
• Press the UP/DOWN
arrows to view the
samples and use the
right arrow to scroll
the date and time .
HI 93703-11
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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TURBIDITY METER
HI 93703-11
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TURBIDITY METER
VIEW
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
HI 93703-11
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TURBIDITY METER
CLR
VIEW
ON
STO
OFF
CAL
DATE
GLP
READ
ALT
CLR
VIEW
ON
STO
OFF
CAL
DATE
GLP
READ
ALT
• Press ALT & VIEW again to exit this mode.
VIEWING AND SETTING DATE AND TIME:
VIEWING:
• Press ALT & DATE to
toggle between date and
time.
SETTING:
• Press and hold ALT & DATE
HI 93703-11
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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TURBIDITYMETER
VIEW
DATE
READ
STO
ALT
for 3-4 seconds.
HI 93703-11
CLR
VIEW
ON
STO
• Press UP/DOWN to correct
and set the year.
12
OFF
CAL
GLP
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DATE
READ
ALT
• Press right arrow to scroll
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METER
to month and day, use
UP/DOWN to set.
• Press right arrow again
to scroll to time, use UP/
DOWN to set.
• Press right arrow again
to save and exit date and
time setup.
HI 93703-11
CLR
OFF
CAL
GLP
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HI 93703-11
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VIEW
ON
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
• Real Time Clock
CLR
VIEW
ON
STO
OFF
CAL
DATE
GLP
READ
ALT
error ∗
• EEPROM error∗
• Internal communica-
err2
err3
err4
tion error∗
NOTE: Press ALT & DATE to leave this mode
without saving.
ERROR CODES:
Every time the meter is switched on, the Real
Time Clock and EEPROM are tested, and if an
error is found the corresponding error code will
be displayed.
The list of error codes is as follows:
• NO cover error
(check cuvet position)
cap
• Calibration error
(check calibration
err1
standard value)
• Internal Bus error∗
Contact the HANNA office nearest to you.
∗
err5
ENSURE ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS
• Each time the cuvet is used, tighten the cap
to the same degree.
• Discard the sample soon after the reading is
taken to avoid permanently clouding the glass.
• All glassware used to contain the standards
and the samples should be maintained clean,
washed with the HI93703-50 cleaning solution
and rinsed with HI 93703-0 or turbidity-free
water.
• Collect the samples in clean glass or plastic
bottles, fit stoppers and perform the analysis
quickly. If necessary, store the sample in a
cool, dark place, for up to a maximum of 24
13
14
hours (the sample needs to be kept at room
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METER
temperature prior to the analysis).
• To obtain a representative sample, gently,
but thoroughly, mix it before samples are
taken. Do not shake (to prevent air bubbles)
and do not let the sample settle.
• It is recommended to calibrate the meter with
the supplied HI93703-10 @10 FTU* standard at least once a month or more frequently
for greater accuracy.
• Before inserting vials into the instrument,
wipe them with HI93703-70 or a soft, lintfree tissue. Handle vials so that no fingerprints get on the areas where light passes
(approx. the bottom 2 cm/1 inch).
If you experience any problems in taking measurements, contact your dealer or the nearest
Hanna Customer Service Center.
SOURCES OF INTERFERENCE
• Presence of floating debris and coarse sediments which settle out rapidly will give false
readings.
• The infrared light source used for HI 9370311 turbidity meter, complies with the ISO
7027 International Standard and can effectively minimize any errors due to colored
dissolved substances. This effect, called
"true color", is a common interference for
most commercially available instruments
operating in the range of visible light.
• Air bubbles and the effect of vibrations that
disturb the surface of the sample may give
false results and should be avoided.
• Dirty glassware could also affect readings
along with scratched or dented vials.
CALIBRATION
To check the date of last calibration, simply
press the GLP/CAL key. Press again to
toggle between date and time.
To make sure that the meter is calibrated, take
a measure of a standard solution.
The instrument can be calibrated at two or three
points and a monthly calibration is recommended.
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
• Turn the meter on and
wait for the display to
show "----".
• Press the ALT & CAL
buttons together. The
"CAL" message will
blink on the display 3
times. The meter then
HI 93703-11
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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TURBIDITYMETER
VIEW
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
enters the calibration
mode, displaying "0.00
cl" and prompting the
user to insert the 0.00
FTU standard.
0.00
cl
• Place the 0.00 FTU standard in the cuvet holder
• Press CAL, SIP and
CL will start blinking
sip
cl
15
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
16
• If "ERR1" appearson
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the LCD, please check
the standard solution.
err1
• After approximately 30 seconds the meter
will display 10.00, prompting the user to
place the 10.00 FTU standard solution in
the cuvet holder.
10.00
cl
• Place the 10.00 FTU
standard in the holder press CAL, SIP and
CL will start blinking
sip
• After approximately
30 seconds the meter
will display 500, asking the user to place
the 500 FTU buffer
solution in the cuvet
holder.
NOTE: At this point the
user can save the two point calibration
setup by pressing ALT & CAL buttons,
leaving the calibration mode.
To perform a three point
calibration, place the 500
FTU standard solution in the
cuvet holder.
cl
500
cl
• After approximately
30 seconds the LCD
will display "----".
Now the instrument
is calibrated and
ready for use.
NOTE: If "ERR1" is displayed, the calibra-
tion data is maintained.
VIEWING CALIBRATION DATE
To display the last calibration time and date,
press the GLP button to
toggle through the date
and time. If the display
shows "FS", the instru-
HI 93703-11
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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VIEW
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
ment has factory calibration settings loaded and
no date will be displayed.
FS
VIEWING FIRMWARE VERSION
To display the firmware version press and
hold the ON/OFF key for
approx. ten seconds
(when turning the meter
on).
HI 93703-11
CLR
ON
OFF
CAL
GLP
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TURBIDITY METER
VIEW
STO
DATE
READ
ALT
The firmware version will
be displayed
V1.0
• Press CAL, SIP and
CL will start blinking
17
sip
cl
ENSURE ACCURATE CALIBRATION
The procedure below should be carefully followed during testing and calibration:
18
• All glassware that comes into contact with
standards should be maintained clean. Wash
with the HI93703-50 cleaning solution and
rinse with HI 93703-0 or turbidity free water.
• Rinse the vial twice with 5 ml of the liquid to
be tested. This removes the effect of any
previous liquid and any dust or foreign objects that may be present inside. Gently pour
the liquid down the side of the vial to reduce
air bubbles (no mixing is required when HI
93703-0 and HI 93703-10 AMCO-AEPA-1
standards are used).
• Before inserting the vial into the instrument,
wipe it with HI93703-70 or a soft, lint-free
tissue. Handle vials so that no fingerprints
can get on the areas where light passes
(approx. bottom 2 cm/1").
STANDARD SUSPENSION
Presently, there are only two recognized primary standards: AMCO-AEPA-1 and formazine.
Hanna supplies HI 93703-11 with the AMCOAEPA-1 which has a much longer shelf life at all
concentrations (approx. six months, if free from
contamination). In addition, no special handling
or disposal is required and a much higher
stability of suspended particles has been observed.
On the other hand, formazine is a toxic substance, generated by a known carcinogen, with
poor stability (particles flocculate and settle
quickly). Lower concentrations change value
within a few days or hours after dilution.
The consistency of HI 93703-11 readings by
using both standards has been separately established by Advanced Polymer Systems and
Hanna Instruments.
Additional documentation about the formazine
standard and more complex calibration procedures is available upon request.
BATTERY REPLACEMENT
All components have been selected to minimize current drain without compromising functionality. In order to minimize the battery consumption, the meter is equipped with an autoshut off function which switches the meter off
after 5 minutes of non-use.
The power source is 4 x 1.5V batteries with an
expected life of 60 hours, or 900 measurements.
In order to obtain accurate measurements, the
batteries are monitored every time the meter is
switched on.
LOBAT
In addition, a "LO BAT" indication will appear on
the lower right hand side of the display when the
batteries are weak (<10%). Replace all four
batteries at this point.
0
When the batteries are too weak to perform
measurements, the message 0% LO BAT appears for a few seconds, and then the meter will
automatically switch itself off. At this point, the
batteries must be replaced.
%
LO BAT
19
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
20
Battery replacement must only take place in a
non hazardous area using AA type alkaline
batteries.
To install or replace the batteries, turn the unit off
and unscrew the 2 screws located on the back
of the battery cover.
Remove the battery cover
exposing the battery compartment.
Place the batteries in the
-
1.5V
+
-
1.5V
+
-
1.5V
1.5V
+
SCREW
+
-
POTS
compartment while paying attention to the polarity.
After the batteries have
been installed, replace the
battery cover on the back
of the instrument and
tighten the 2 screws.
RS 232 CONNECTION
To communicate with the instrument through
the HI 92000 software, simply use HI 920011
(optional) cable to connect the 9-pin serial port
of an IBM compatible computer and to the 5 pin
connector of the meter.
When connected the meter will maintain full
functionality, being able to perform a data transfer while the meter is being operated.
NOTE: RS 232 communication is not allowed
when the meter is being calibrated.
The auto shut off feature is also disabled when
the meter is connected to a computer.
21
ACCESSORIES
HI 740027 1.5V AA battery (4 pcs)
HI 731321 Glass measurement cuvets
(4 pcs)
HI 731313 • Rugged carrying case
• HI 93703-0 Solution for
calibration AMCO-AEPA-1
at 0 FTU* (30 mL)
• HI 93703-10 Solution for
calibration AMCO-AEPA-1
at 10 FTU* (30 mL)
• HI 93703-50 Cleaning
solution (30 mL)
• HI 93703-70 Tissue for
wiping the cuvets
• Two measurement cuvets
HI 93703-0 Solution for calibration AMCO-
AEPA-1 at 0 FTU*, 30 mL
HI 93703-05 Solution for calibration AMCO-
AEPA-1 at 500 FTU*, 30 mL
HI 93703-10 Solution for calibration AMCO-
AEPA-1 at 10 FTU*, 30 mL
HI 93703-50 Cleaning solution, 230 mL
HI 731318 Tissue for wiping the cuvets
(4 pcs)
HI 92000 RS232 software
HI 920011 5 to 9-pin connection cable
HI 710031 Rugged carrying case
WARRANTY
All Hanna Instruments meters are warranted
for two years against defects in workmanship
and materials when used for their intended
purpose and maintained according to instructions. This warranty is limited to repair or
replacement free of charge. Damages due to
accidents, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance are not covered.
If service is required, contact the dealer from
whom you purchased the instrument. If under
22
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
warranty, report the model number, date of
purchase, serial number and the nature of the
failure. First obtain a Returned Goods Authorization number from the Customer Service department, then return the instrument with the
Authorization # included along with shipment
costs prepaid. If the repair is not covered by the
warranty, you will be notified of the charges.
When shipping any instrument, make sure it is
properly packaged for complete protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the
enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the
date of purchase.
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole
or in part is prohibited without the written
consent of the copyright owner.
CE DECLARATION
OF CONFORMITY
Recommendations for Users
Before using this product, make sure that it is entirely suitable for the
environment in which it is used.
Operation of this instrument in residential area could cause unacceptable
interferences to radio and TV equipments, requiring the operator to take all
necessary steps to correct interferences.
Any variation introduced by the user to the supplied equipment may degrade
the instrument's EMC performance.
To avoid electrical shock, do not use this instrument when voltages at the
measurement surface exceed 24VAC or 60VDC.
To avoid damages or burns, do not perform any measurement in microwave
ovens.
23
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