HAMEG HM604-3 User Manual

Oscilloscope data sheet with technical details . .... 4

Operating Instructions

General Information ................................................. 5

Symbols ................................................................... 5

Use of tilt handle .....................................................5

Safety ....................................................................... 5

Operating conditions ............................................... 5

EMC .........................................................................6

Warranty .................................................................. 6

Maintenance ............................................................ 6

Protective Switch-Off .............................................. 6

Power supply ........................................................... 6

Type of signal voltage..............................................7

Amplitude Measurements ....................................... 7

Total value of input voltage .....................................8

Time Measurements ............................................... 8

Connection of Test Signal........................................9

First Time Operation..............................................1 0

Trace Rotation TR ..................................................10

Probe compensation and use ...............................11

Adjustment at 1kHz ...............................................11

Adjustment at 1MHz ............................................. 11

Operating modes of the vertical

amplifiers in Yt mode. ...........................................12

X-Y Operation .........................................................1 2

Phase comparison with Lissajous figures ............ 1 3

Phase difference measurement

in DUAL mode .......................................................13

Measurement of an............................................... 13

amplitude modulation ............................................1 3

Triggering and time base ....................................... 14

Automatic Peak-Triggering .................................... 14

Normal Triggering ..................................................15

Slope ...................................................................... 1 5

Trigger coupling ...................................................... 15

Line triggering (~) .................................................. 16

Alternate triggering................................................ 16

External triggering ................................................. 1 6

Trigger indicator ..................................................... 16

Holdoff-time adjustment ....................................... 16

Delay / After Delay Triggering ...............................17

AUTO SET ..............................................................18

SAVE/RECALL........................................................19

Component Tester ................................................. 1 9

Using the Component Tester ................................ 19

Test Procedure ....................................................... 19

Test Pattern Displays............................................. 19

Testing Resistors ................................................... 20

Testing Capacitors and Inductors..........................20

Testing Semiconductors ........................................2 0

Testing Diodes ....................................................... 20

St.1196-Hüb/Ros

Testing Transistors ................................................. 2 0

In-Circuit Tests ....................................................... 20

Table of contents

Oscilloscope

HM604-3

Test Instructions

General ...................................................................23

Astigmatism Check ............................................... 2 3

Symmetry and Drift of the Vertical Amplifier ....... 23

Calibration of the Vertical Amplifier ....................... 23

Transmission Performance of the

Vertical Amplifier.................................................... 2 3

Triggering Checks .................................................. 24

Timebase................................................................ 2 4

Holdoff time ...........................................................25

Component Tester ................................................. 2 5

Trace Alignment .....................................................25

Service Instructions

General ................................................................... 25

Instrument Case Removal .....................................25

Operating Voltages ................................................ 26

Maximum and Minimum Brightness .................... 26

Astigmatism control .............................................. 26

Trigger Threshold ................................................... 26

Trouble-Shooting the Instrument .......................... 26

Adjustments ........................................................... 26

RS232 Interface - Remote Control .......................27

Baud-Rate Setting ..................................................27

Data Communication ............................................. 27

Command definition .............................................. 27

Command Chart: ................................................... 27

Instrument Data Field with Single Commands ....28

Short instruction for HM304 ................................. 29

Switching on and initial setting ............................. 2 9

Vertical amplifier mode.......................................... 29

Triggering mode .....................................................29

Measurements ...................................................... 2 9

Component tester mode.......................................29

Front Panel Elements HM604-

(Brief Description - Front View) ............................. 30

3

Subject to change without notice

Printed in Germany

1

General information regarding the CE marking

HAMEG instruments fulfill the regulations of the EMC directive. The conformity test made by
HAMEG is based on the actual generic- and product standards. In cases where different limit
values are applicable, HAMEG applies the severer standard. For emission the limits for residential,
commercial and light industry are applied. Regarding the immunity (susceptibility) the limits for
industrial environment have been used.

The measuring- and data lines of the instrument have much influence on emmission and immunity
and therefore on meeting the acceptance limits. For different applications the lines and/or cables
used may be different. For measurement operation the following hints and conditions regarding
emission and immunity should be observed:

1. Data cables

For the connection between instruments resp. their interfaces and external devices, (computer,
printer etc.) sufficiently screened cables must be used. Without a special instruction in the manual
for a reduced cable length, the maximum cable length of a dataline must be less than 3 meters
long. If an interface has several connectors only one connector must have a connection to a cable.

Basically interconnections must have a double screening. For IEEE-bus purposes the double screened
cables HZ72S and HZ72L from HAMEG are suitable.

2. Signal cables

Basically test leads for signal interconnection between test point and instrument should be as
short as possible. Without instruction in the manual for a shorter length, signal lines must be less
than 3 meters long.

Signal lines must screened (coaxial cable - RG58/U). A proper ground connection is required. In
combination with signal generators double screened cables (RG223/U, RG214/U) must be used.

3. Influence on measuring instruments.

Under the presence of strong high frequency electric or magnetic fields, even with careful setup of
the measuring equipment an influence of such signals is unavoidable.
This will not cause damage or put the instrument out of operation. Small deviations of the measuring
value (reading) exceeding the instruments specifications may result from such conditions in individual
cases.

December 1995

HAMEG GmbH

KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE

Name und Adresse des Herstellers HAMEG GmbH
Manufacturer´s name and address Kelsterbacherstraße 15-19
Nom et adresse du fabricant D - 60528 Frankfurt

HAMEG S.a.r.l.
5, av de la République
F - 94800 Villejuif

Die HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l bescheinigt die Konformität für das Produkt
The HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l herewith declares conformity of the product
HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l déclare la conformite du produit

®

Instruments

Bezeichnung / Product name / Designation:
Typ / Type / Type:
mit / with / avec:
Optionen / Options / Options:

mit den folgenden Bestimmungen / with applicable regulations / avec les directives suivantes

EMV Richtlinie 89/336/EWG ergänzt durch 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG
EMC Directive 89/336/EEC amended by 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EEC
Directive EMC 89/336/CEE amendée par 91/263/EWG, 92/31/CEE

Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73/23/EWG ergänzt durch 93/68/EWG
Low-Voltage Equipment Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC
Directive des equipements basse tension 73/23/CEE amendée par 93/68/CEE

Angewendete harmonisierte Normen / Harmonized standards applied / Normes harmonisées utilisées

Sicherheit / Safety / Sécurité

EN 61010-1: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1010-1: 1990 A 1: 1992 / VDE 0411: 1994
Überspannungskategorie / Overvoltage category / Catégorie de surtension: II
Verschmutzungsgrad / Degree of pollution / Degré de pollution: 2

Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit / Electromagnetic compatibility / Compatibilité électromagnétique

Oszilloskop/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope

HM604-3

-

-

EN 50082-2: 1995 / VDE 0839 T82-2

ENV 50140: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1004-4-3: 1995 / VDE 0847 T3
ENV 50141: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-6 / VDE 0843 / 6

EN 61000-4-2: 1995 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-2: 1995 / VDE 0847 T4-2: Prüfschärfe / Level / Niveau = 2
EN 61000-4-4: 1995 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-4: 1995 / VDE 0847 T4-4: Prüfschärfe / Level / Niveau = 3
EN 50081-1: 1992 / EN 55011: 1991 / CISPR11: 1991 / VDE0875 T11: 1992

Gruppe / group / groupe = 1, Klasse / Class / Classe = B

Datum /Date /Date Unterschrift / Signature /Signatur

14.12.1995

Dr. J. Herzog

Technical Manager

Directeur Technique

Specifications

Vertical Deflection

Operating modes: Channel I or II separate,

Channel I and II: alternate or chopped.
(0.5MHz chopper frequency, approx.)
Sum or difference with Ch. I and Ch. II
(both channels invertable).

XY-Mode: via channel I and channel II
Frequency range: 2xDC to 60MHz (-3dB)

Risetime: <5.9ns. Overshoot max. 1%.
Deflection coefficients: 14 calibrated steps
from 1mV/div. to 20V/div. (1-2-5 sequence)
with variable 2.5:1 up to 50V/div.

Accuracy in calibrated position:

1mV/div. to 2mV/div.: ±5% (0 to 10MHz (-3dB))

5mV/div. to 20V/div.: ±3%
Input impedance: 1MΩ II 20pF.
Input coupling: DC-AC-GD (ground).
Input voltage: max. 400V (DC + peak AC).

Delay line: approx. 90ns

Triggering

OSCILLOSCOPES

Automatic:
Normal with level control: DC-100MHz (≤0.5div.)

Slope: positive or negative,
ALT. Triggering; LED indicator for trigger action
Sources: Channel I or II, CH. I alternating CH II,

Coupling: AC (10Hz to 100MHz), DC (0
Active TV-Sync-Separator (pos. and neg.)

External: ≥0.3Vpp from DC to 60MHz
2nd triggering (Del. Trig.): normal with level

(peak to peak) <20Hz-100MHz (≤ 0.5div.)

line and external
HF (1.5kHz to100MHz), LF (0 to 1.5kHz)

control DC to 100 MHz

to

100MHz),

Horizontal Deflection

Time coefficients: 22 calibrated steps

from 0.5s/div. to 50ns/div. in 1-2-5 sequence
Accuracy in calibrated position: ±3%.
variable 2.5:1 up to 1.25s/div.,
with X-Mag. x10: 5ns/div. ±5%

Holdoff time: variable to approx. 10:1
Delay: 50ms - 100ns, variable 6:1 up to 300ms
Bandwidth X-amplifier: 0-3MHz (-3dB).

Input X-Amplifier via Channel II,
(sensitivity see Channel II specification)
X-Y phase shift: <3° below 120kHz.

Operation / Control

Auto Set (automatic parameter selection)
Manual (Front Panel switches)
Memory for 6 user-defined parameter settings
Remote control with built-in RS-232 interface

Component Tester

Test voltage: approx. 8.5V

Test current: approx. 7mA
Test frequency: approx. 50Hz
Test connection: 2 banana jacks 4mmØ
One test lead is grounded (Safety Earth)

(open circuit).

rms

(shorted).

rms

General Information

CRT: D14-372GH, rectangular screen (8x10div.)

internal graticule

Acceleration voltage: approx 14kV
Trace rotation: adjustable on front panel
Calibrator: square-wave generator (tr <4ns)
≈1kHz/1MHz; Output: 0.2V ±1% and 2V
Line voltage: 100-240V AC ±10%, 50/60Hz
Power consumption: approx. 40 Watt at 50Hz.

Min./Max. ambient temperature: -10°C...+40°C
Protective system: Safety class I (IEC1010-1)
Weight: approx. 5.6kg (12.4lbs), color:
Cabinet: W 285, H 125, D 380 mm
Lockable tilt handle

Subject to change without notice. 10/95

techno-brown

(11.1x4.9x14.8 inches)

60MHz Multi-Function Oscilloscope HM 604

-3

with Auto-Set, Save and Recall (6 Setup Memories)
Remote control via built-in RS-232 Interface

Vertical: 2 Channels, 1 mV/div. - 20 V/div., Comp.-Tester, 1MHz Calibrator
Time Base: 0.5 s/div. to 5 ns/div.; Trigger-after-delay; Alternate Trigger
Triggering: DC to 100 MHz; Automatic Peak to Peak; TV-Sync-Separator

The HM604-3 is HAMEG‘s 60 MHz microprocessor controlled analog oscil-
loscope. The internal microprocessor has the capability of automatically
configuring the oscilloscope parameters, when used in the "Auto Set"
mode, so as to present a display of three cycles of the input signal, with all
of the proper control settings automatically configured: a single trace will
be displayed with 4 to 6 divisions amplitude, while each signal will be 3 to 4
divisions high in dual trace mode. At a touch of the controls, the user can
over-ride the automatic settings. Manual control is simple with easy to see
indicators denoting uncalibrated operation by blinking. Switch/parameter
settings are easily visible as bright LED scale value indications.
One powerful feature is the ability to store user-defined test scenarios, that
can be called up on demand for repeated measurement tasks. A total of
6 setups can be saved and recalled as many times as required. Additional
setup information is possible via the RS-232 port, which can be controlled
from the serial port of a PC.
Although the instrument‘s vertical bandwidth is specified as 60 MHz, signals
to 100 MHz can be displayed and triggered. Signal expansion up to a factor
of 1,000 times can be obtained in the "Delay" and "Trigger after Delay"
modes. A switching mode power supply minimises power and results in a
lightweight unit weighing only 12.4 pounds (5.6kg).
The scope is ideal for fast troubleshooting. The Auto Set feature permits the
rapid inspection of test points, without the need to constantly adjust the
scope for each new test mode. The ability to Save/Recall facilitates the use
of this unit for final inspections, where multiple, repeated scope settings are
required. These capabilities result in labor saving operations which translate
to more efficiency and cost savings to the customer.

Accessories supplied: Line Cord, Operators Manual, 2 Probes 10:1

4

Subject to change without notice

General Information

This oscilloscope is easy to operate. The logical arrangement
of the controls allows anyone to quickly become familiar with
the operation of the instrument, however, experienced users
are also advised to read through these instructions so that all
functions are understood.
Immediately after unpacking, the instrument should be
checked for mechanical damage and loose parts in the interior.
If there is transport damage, the supplier must be informed
immediately. The instrument must then not be put into
operation.

Symbols

ATTENTION - refer to manual
Danger - High voltage

contains important information and warnings which have to
be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain
the oscilloscope in a safe condition.

The case, chassis and all measuring terminals are
connected to the protective earth contact of the
appliance inlet. The instrument operates according to
Safety Class I (three-conductor power cord with
protective earthing conductor and a plug with earthing
contact).

The mains/line plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet
provided with a protective earth contact. The protective action
must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without
a protective conductor.

The mains/line plug should be inserted before
connections are made to measuring circuits.

Protective ground (earth) terminal

Use of tilt handle

To view the screen from the best angle, there are three dif­ferent positions (C, D, E) for setting up the instrument. If the
instrument is set down on the floor after being carried, the
handle automatically remains in the upright carrying position
(A).
In order to place the instrument onto a horizontal surface,
the handle should be turned to the upper side of the
oscilloscope (C). For the D position (10° inclination), the handle
should be turned to the opposite direction of the carrying
position until it locks in place automatically underneath the
instrument. For the E position (20° inclination), the handle
should be pulled to release it from the D position and swing
backwards until it locks once more.
The handle may also be set to a position for horizontal carrying
by turning it to the upper side to lock in the B position. At the
same time, the instrument must be lifted, because otherwise
the handle will jump back.

The grounded accessible metal parts (case, sockets, jacks)
and the mains/line supply contacts (line/live, neutral) of the
instrument have been tested against insulation breakdown
with 2200V DC.

Under certain conditions, 50Hz or 60Hz hum voltages can
occur in the measuring circuit due to the interconnection with
other mains/line powered equipment or instruments. This
can be avoided by using an isolation transformer (Safety Class
II) between the mains/line outlet and the power plug of the
device being investigated.

Most cathode-ray tubes develop X-rays. However, the dose

equivalent rate falls far below the maximum permissible
value of 36pA/kg (0.5mR/h).

Whenever it is likely that protection has been impaired, the
instrument shall be made inoperative and be secured against
any unintended operation. The protection is likely to be
impaired if, for example, the instrument

• shows visible damage,

• fails to perform the intended measurements,

• has been subjected to prolonged storage under
unfavourable conditions (e.g. in the open or in moist
environments),

Safety

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance
with IEC Publication 1010-1 (overvoltage category II, pollution
degree 2), Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control, and laboratory use. The CENELEC
regulations EN 61010-1 correspond to this standard. It has
left the factory in a safe condition. This instruction manual

Subject to change without notice

• has been subject to severe transport stress (e.g. in poor
packaging).

Operating conditions

The instrument has been designed for indoor use. The
permissible ambient temperature range during operation is
+10°C (+50°F) ... +40°C (+104°F). It may occasionally be
subjected to temperatures between +10°C (+50°F) and ­10°C (+14°F) without degrading its safety. The permissible
ambient temperature range for storage or transportation is

-40°C (-40°F) ... +70°C (+158°F).

The maximum operating altitude is up to 2200m (non­operating 15000m). The maximum relative humidity is up
to 80%.
If condensed water exists in the instrument it should be
acclimatized before switching on. In some cases (e.g.
extremely cold oscilloscope) two hours should be allowed
before the instrument is put into operation. The instrument
should be kept in a clean and dry room and must not be
operated in explosive, corrosive, dusty, or moist
environments. The oscilloscope can be operated in any
position, but the convection cooling must not be impaired.
The ventilation holes may not be covered. For continuous

5

operation the instrument should be used in the horizontal
position, preferably tilted upwards, resting on the tilt handle.

The specifications stating tolerances are only valid if
the instrument has warmed up for 30minutes at an
ambient temperature between +15°C (+59°F) and +30°C
(+86°F). Values without tolerances are typical for an
average instrument.

removed with a moistened cloth (99% water +1% mild
detergent). Spirit or washing benzine (petroleum ether) can
be used to remove greasy dirt. The screen may be cleaned
with water or washing benzine (but not with spirit (alcohol)
or solvents), it must then be wiped with a dry clean lint-free
cloth. Under no circumstances may the cleaning fluid get
into the instrument. The use of other cleaning agents can
attack the plastic and paint surfaces.

Protective Switch-Off

EMC

This instrument conforms to the European standards
regarding the electromagnetic compatibility. The applied
standards are: Generic immunity standard EN50082-2:1995
(for industrial environment) Generic emission standard
EN50081-1:1992 ( for residential, commercial und light
industry environment).
This means that the instrument has been tested to the highest
standards.
Please note that under the influence of strong
electromagnetic fields, such signals may be superimposed
on the measured signals. Under certain conditions this is
unavoidable due to the instrument‘s high input sensitivity,
high input impedance and bandwidth. Shielded measuring
cables, shielding and earthing of the device under test may
reduce or eliminate those effect‘s.

Warranty

HAMEG warrants to its Customers that the products it
manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials
and workmaship for a period of 2 years. This warranty shall
not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper
use or inadequate maintenance and care. HAMEG shall not
obliged to provide service under this warranty to repair
damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than
HAMEG represantatives to install, repair, service or modify
these products.
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customers
must contact and notify the distributor who has sold the
product.
Each instrument is subjected to a quality test with 10 hour
burn-in before leaving the production. Practically all early
failures are detected by this method. In the case of shipments
by post, rail or carrier it is recommended that the original
packing is carefully preserved. Transport damages and
damage due to gross negligence are not covered by the
guarantee.
In the case of a complaint, a label should be attached to the
housing of the instrument which describes briefly the faults
observed. If at the same time the name and telephone
number (dialing code and telephone or direct number or
department designation) is stated for possible queries, this
helps towards speeding up the processing of guarantee
claims.

This instrument is equipped with a switch mode power supply.
It has both overvoltage and overload protection, which will
cause the switch mode supply to limit power consumption
to a minimum.
In this case a ticking noise may be heard.

Power supply

The oscilloscope operates on mains/line voltages between
100VAC and 240VAC. No means of switching to different
input voltages has therefore been provided.

The power input fuses are externally accessible. The
fuseholder is located above the 3-pole power connector.
The power input fuses are externally accessible, if the rubber
conector is removed. The fuseholder can be released by
pressing its plastic retainers with the aid of a small
screwdriver. The retainers are located on the right and left
side of the holder and must be pressed towards the center.
The fuse(s) can then be replaced and pressed in until locked
on both sides.

Use of patched fuses or short-circuiting of the fuseholder is
not permissible; HAMEG assumes no liability whatsoever for
any damage caused as a result, and all warranty claims
become null and void.

Fuse type:
Size 5x20mm; 0.8A, 250V AC fuse;
must meet IEC specification 127,
Sheet III (or DIN 41 662
or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).
Time characteristic: time-lag (T).

Attention!
There is a fuse located inside the instrument within
the switch mode power supply:

Size 5x20mm; 0.5A, 250V AC fuse;
must meet IEC specification 127,
Sheet III (or DIN 41 662
or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).
Time characteristic: fast (F).

This fuse must not be replaced by the operator!

Maintenance

Various important properties of the oscilloscope should be
carefully checked at certain intervals. Only in this way is it
largely certain that all signals are displayed with the accuracy
on which the technical data are based. The test methods
described in the test plan of this manual can be performed
without great expenditure on measuring instruments.
However, purchase of the HAMEG scope tester HZ 60,
which despite its low price is highly suitable for tasks of this
type, is very much recommended.

The exterior of the oscilloscope should be cleaned regularly
with a dusting brush. Dirt which is difficult to remove on the
casing and handle, the plastic and aluminium parts, can be

6

Subject to change without notice

Type of signal voltage

With the HM604-3, most repetitive signals in the frequency
range up to at least 60MHz (-3dB) can be examined.

Sinewave signals of 100MHz are displayed with a height of
approx. 50% (-6dB). However when examining square or
pulse type waveforms, attention must be paid to the harmonic
content of such signals. The repetition frequency (fundamen­tal frequency) of the signal must therefore be significantly
smaller than the upper limit frequency of the vertical amplifier.

Displaying composite signals can be difficult, especially if they
contain no repetitive higher amplitude content which can be
used for triggering. This is the case with bursts, for instance.
To obtain a well-triggered display in this case, the assistance
of the variable holdoff and/or delay function may be required.
Television video signals are relatively easy to trigger using
the built-in TV-Sync-Separator (TV).

For optional operation as a DC or AC voltage amplifier, the
vertical amplifier input is provided with a DC/AC switch. The
DC position should only be used with a series-connected
attenuator probe or at very low frequencies or if the
measurement of the DC voltage content of the signal is
absolutely necessary.

The minimum signal voltage which must be applied to the Y
input for a trace of 1div. height is 1mVpp when the 1mV LED
is lit and the vernier is set to CAL by turning the fine
adjustment knob within the VOLTS/DIV. section fully
clockwise. However, smaller signals than this may also be
displayed. The deflection coefficients on the input attenuators
are indicated in mV/div. or V/div. (peak-to-peak value).
The magnitude of the applied voltage is ascertained by
multiplying the selected deflection coefficient by the vertical
display height in div. If an attenuator probe x10 is used, a
further multiplication by a factor of 10 is required to ascertain
the correct voltage value.

For exact amplitude measurements, the variable control
( VAR. 2.5:1) must be set to its calibrated detent CAL
position. When turning the variable control ccw, the

deflection coefficient LED will start to blink and the sensitivity
will be reduced until a maximum factor of 2.5 is reached.
Therefore any intermediate value is possible within the 1-2-5
sequence.

With direct connection to the vertical input, signals
up to 400Vpp may be displayed (attenuator set to 20V/
div., variable control to left stop).

With the designations

When displaying very low frequency pulses, the flat tops may
be sloping with AC coupling of the vertical amplifier (AC limit
frequency approx. 1.6 Hz for 3dB). In this case, DC operation
is preferred, provided the signal voltage is not superimposed
on a too high DC level. Otherwise a capacitor of adequate
capacitance must be connected to the input of the vertical
amplifier with DC coupling. This capacitor must have a
sufficiently high breakdown voltage rating. DC coupling is
also recommended for the display of logic and pulse signals,
especially if the pulse duty factor changes constantly.
Otherwise the display will move upwards or downwards at
each change. Pure direct voltages can only be measured with
DC-coupling.

Amplitude Measurements

In general electrical engineering, alternating voltage data
normally refers to effective values (rms = root-mean-square
value). However, for signal magnitudes and voltage
designations in oscilloscope measurements, the peak-to-peak
voltage (Vpp) value is applied. The latter corresponds to the
real potential difference between the most positive and most
negative points of a signal waveform.

If a sinusoidal waveform, displayed on the oscilloscope
screen, is to be converted into an effective (rms) value, the
resulting peak-to-peak value must be divided by 2x√2 = 2.83.
Conversely, it should be observed that sinusoidal voltages
indicated in Vrms (Veff) have 2.83 times the potential
difference in Vpp. The relationship between the different
voltage magnitudes can be seen from the following figure.

H = display height in div.,
U= signal voltage in Vpp at the vertical input,
D = deflection coefficient in V/div. at attenuator switch,

the required value can be calculated from the two given
quantities:

⋅

However, these three values are not freely selectable. They
have to be within the following limits (trigger threshold,
accuracy of reading):

H between 0.5 and 8div., if possible 3.2 to 8div.,
U between 1mVpp and 160Vpp,
D between 1mV/div. and 20V/div. in 1-2-5 sequence.

Examples:

Set deflection coefficient D = 50mV/div. 0.05V/div.,
observed display height H = 4.6div.,
required voltage U = 0.05x4.6 = 0.23Vpp.

Input voltage U = 5Vpp,
set deflection coefficient D = 1V/div.,
required display height H = 5:1 = 5div.

Signal voltage U = 230Vrmsx2√2 = 651Vpp
(voltage > 160Vpp, with probe 10:1: U = 65.1Vpp),
desired display height H = min. 3.2div., max. 8div.,
max. deflection coefficient D = 65.1:3.2 = 20.3V/div.,
min. deflection coefficient D = 65.1:8 = 8.1V/div.,
adjusted deflection coefficient D = 10V/div.

Voltage values of a sine curve

Vrms = effective value; Vp = simple peak or crest value;
Vpp = peak-to-peak value; Vmom = momentary value.

Subject to change without notice

The input voltage must not exceed 400V, independent
from the polarity.

If an AC voltage which is superimposed on a DC voltage is
applied, the maximum peak value of both voltages must not
exceed + or -400V. So for AC voltages with a mean value of
zero volt the maximum peak to peak value is 800Vpp.

If attenuator probes with higher limits are used, the
probes limits are valid only if the oscilloscope is set to

7

DC input coupling. If DC voltages are applied under AC input

coupling conditions the oscilloscope maximum input voltage
value remains 400V. The attenuator consists of a resistor in
the probe and the 1MΩ input resistor of the oscilloscope,
which are disabled by the AC input coupling capacity when
AC coupling is selected. This also applies to DC voltages with
superimposed AC voltages. It also must be noted that due
to the capacitive resistance of the AC input coupling capacitor,
the attenuation ratio depends on the signal frequency. For
sinewave signals with frequencies higher than 40Hz this
influence is negligible.

In the GD (ground coupling) setting, the signal path is
interrupted directly beyond the input. This causes the
attenuator to be disabled again, but now for both DC and AC
voltages.

With the above listed exceptions HAMEG 10:1 probes can
be used for DC measurements up to 600V or AC voltages
(with a mean value of zero volt) of 1200Vpp. The 100:1 pro­be HZ53 allows for 1200V DC or 2400Vpp for AC.

It should be noted that its ACpeak value is derated at higher
frequencies. If a normal x10 probe is used to measure high
voltages there is the risk that the compensation trimmer
bridging the attenuator series resistor will break down causing
damage to the input of the oscilloscope. However, if for
example only the residual ripple of a high voltage is to be
displayed on the oscilloscope, a normal x10 probe is sufficient.
In this case, an appropriate high voltage capacitor (approx.
22-68nF) must be connected in series with the input tip of
the probe.

Total value of input voltage

The duration of a signal period or a part of it is
determined by multiplying the relevant time (horizon­tal distance in div.) by the time coefficient indicated
on the TIME/DIV. LED scales.

The variable time control (identified with an arrow
knob cap) must be in its calibrated position CAL. (arrow
pointing horizontally to the right). For exact time
measurements, the variable control ( VAR. 2.5:1) must
be set to its calibrated detent CAL position. When
turning the variable control ccw, the time coefficient
indicator LED starts blinking and the timebase speed
will be reduced until a maximum factor of 2.5 is
reached. Therefore any intermediate value is possible
within the 1-2-5 sequence.

With the designations

L = displayed wave length in div. of one period,
T = time in seconds for one period,
F = recurrence frequency in Hz of the signal,
Tc = time coefficient in s/div. on timebase switch and

the relation F = 1/T, the following equations can be stated:

= ⋅

=

=

=

⋅

⋅

=

=

⋅

With active X-MAG (x10) indicated by the x10 LED lit, the Tc
value must be divided by 10.

However, these four values are not freely selectable. They
have to be within the following limits:

The dotted line shows a voltage alternating at zero volt level.
If superimposed on a DC voltage, the addition of the positive
peak and the DC voltage results in the max. voltage (DC +
ACpeak).

With Y-POS. control (input coupling to GD) it is possible to
use a horizontal graticule line as reference line for ground
potential before the measurement. It can lie below or above
the horizontal central line according to whether positive and/
or negative deviations from the ground potential are to be
measured.

Time Measurements

As a rule, most signals to be displayed are periodically
repeating processes, also called periods. The number of
periods per second is the repetition frequency. Depending
on the time base setting indicated by one of the TIME/DIV.
LED‘s, one or several signal periods or only a part of a period
can be displayed. The time coefficients are stated in s/div.
when the red sec-LED and the 0.5 or 0.2 LED (ms/div scale)
are lit. The ms/div. or µs/div. time coefficients are indicated
by one of the LED‘s on the ms or µs scale.

L between 0.2 and 10div., if possible 4 to 10div.,
T between 0.01µs and 5s,
F between 0.5Hz and 35MHz,
Tc between 0.05µs/div. and 0.5s/div. in 1-2-5 sequence

(with X-MAG. (x10) inactive), and

Tc between 5ns/div. and 20ms/div. in 1-2-5 sequence

(with X-MAG. (x10) active).

Examples:

Displayed wavelength L = 7div.,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.1µs/div.,
required period T = 7x0.1x10
required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.7x10

-6

= 0.7µs

-6

) = 1.428MHz.

Signal period T = 1s,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2s/div.,
required wavelength L = 1:0.2 = 5div..

Displayed ripple wavelength L = 1div.,
set time coefficient Tc = 10ms/div.,
required ripple freq. F = 1:(1x10x10

-3

) = 100Hz.

TV-line frequency F = 15625Hz,
set time coefficient Tc = 10µs/div.,
required wavelength L = 1:(15 625x10-5) = 6.4div..

Sine wavelength L = min. 4div., max. 10div.,
Frequency F = 1kHz,
max. time coefficient Tc = 1:(4x10

3

) = 0.25ms/div.,
min. time coefficient Tc = 1:(10x103) = 0.1ms/div.,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.2ms/div.,
required wavelength L = 1:(10

3

x0.2x10-3) = 5div.

8

Subject to change without notice

Displayed wavelength L = 0.8div.,
set time coefficient Tc = 0.5µs/div.,
pressed X-MAG. (x10) button: Tc = 0.05µs/div.,
required rec. freq. F = 1:(0.8x0.05x10
required period T = 1:(25x10

6

) = 40ns.

-6

) = 25MHz,

If the time is relatively short as compared with the complete
signal period, an expanded time scale should always be
applied (X-MAG. (x10) active). In this case, the ascertained
time values have to be divided by 10. The time interval of
interest can be shifted to the screen center using the X-POS.
control.

When investigating pulse or square waveforms, the critical
feature is the risetime of the voltage step. To ensure that
transients, ramp-offs, and bandwidth limits do not unduly
influence the measuring accuracy, the risetime is generally
measured between 10% and 90% of the vertical pulse height.
For measurement, adjust the Y deflection coefficient with
its variable control together with the Y-POS. control so that
the pulse height is precisely aligned with the 0% and 100%
lines of the internal graticule. The 10% and 90% points of
the signal will now coincide with the 10% and 90% graticule
lines. The risetime is given by the product of the horizontal
distance in div. between these two coincident points and the
time coefficient setting. If X x10 magnification is used, this
product must be divided by 10. The fall time of a pulse can
also be measured by using this method.

The following figure shows correct positioning of the
oscilloscope trace for accurate risetime measurement.

... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

.

... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

particularly simple in this way. In principle it is possible to
measure in any display position and at any signal amplitude.
It is only important that the full height of the signal edge of
interest is visible in its full length at not too great steepness
and that the horizontal distance at 10% and 90% of the
amplitude is measured. If the edge shows rounding or
overshooting, the 100% should not be related to the peak
values but to the mean pulse heights. Breaks or peaks
(glitches) next to the edge are also not taken into account.
With very severe transient distortions, the rise and fall time
measurement has little meaning. For amplifiers with
approximately constant group delay (therefore good pulse
transmission performance) the following numerical
relationship between rise time tr (in ns) and bandwidth B

(in MHz) applies:

Connection of Test Signal

Caution: When connecting unknown signals to the
oscilloscope input, always use automatic triggering
and set the DC-AC input coupling switch to AC (DC
not lit). The attenuator should initially be set to 20V/
div.

Sometimes the trace will disappear after an input signal has
been applied. The attenuator must be switched to a higher
deflection coefficient by pressing the left (<) arrow pushbutton
in the VOLTS/DIV. section constantly or step by step, until
the vertical signal height is only 3-8div. With a signal amplitude
greater than 160Vpp, an attenuator probe must be inserted
before the vertical input. If, after applying the signal, the trace
is nearly blanked, the period of the signal is probably
substantially longer than the set value on the TIME/DIV. scale.
It should be switched to an adequately larger time coefficient
by pressing the left (<) arrow pushbutton in the TIME/DIV
section by pressing it constantly or step by step. In most
cases the easiest way to adapt the instruments settings to
the input signal is to depress the AUTO SET pushbutton for
automatic instrument settings.

With a time coefficient of 0.05µs/div. and X x10 magnification,
the example shown in the above figure results in a total
measured risetime of

= 1.6div x 0.05µs/div. : 10 = 8ns

t

tot

When very fast risetimes are being measured, the risetimes
of the oscilloscope amplifier and of the attenuator probe has
to be deducted from the measured time value. The risetime
of the signal can be calculated using the following formula.

=√

In this t
of the oscilloscope amplifier (approx. 12ns), and t
of the probe (e.g. = 2ns). If t
can be taken as the risetime of the pulse, and calculation is

is the total measured risetime, t

tot

is greater than 100ns, then t

tot

unnecessary.
Calculation of the example in the figure above results in a

signal risetime

is the risetime

osc

the risetime

p

=√ − =

The measurement of the rise or fall time is not limited to the
trace dimensions shown in the above diagram. It is only

The signal to be displayed can be connected directly to the Y ­input of the oscilloscope with a shielded test cable such as
HZ32 or HZ34, or reduced through a x10 or x100 attenuator
probe. The use of test cables with high impedance circuits is
only recommended for relatively low frequencies (up to
approx. 50kHz). For higher frequencies, the signal source
must be of low impedance, i.e. matched to the characteristic
resistance of the cable (as a rule 50Ω). Especially when
transmitting square and pulse signals, a resistor equal to the
characteristic impedance of the cable must also be connected
across the cable directly at the Y-input of the oscilloscope.
When using a 50Ω cable such as the HZ34, a 50Ω through
termination type HZ22 is available from HAMEG. When
transmitting square signals with short rise times, transient
phenomena on the edges and top of the signal may become
visible if the correct termination is not used. A terminating
resistance is sometimes recommended with sine signals as
well. Certain amplifiers, generators or their attenuators

tot

maintain the nominal output voltage independent of frequency
only if their connection cable is terminated with the prescribed
resistance. Here it must be noted that the terminating resistor
HZ22 will only dissipate a maximum of 2Watts. This power
is reached with 10Vrms or at 28.3Vpp with sine signal.

If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used, no termination is
necessary. In this case, the connecting cable is matched
directly to the high impedance input of the oscilloscope. When
using attenuators probes, even high internal impedance

Subject to change without notice

9

sources are only slightly loaded (approx. 10MΩ II 16pF or
100MΩ II 9pF with HZ53). Therefore, if the voltage loss due
to the attenuation of the probe can be compensated by a higher
amplitude setting, the probe should always be used. The series
impedance of the probe provides a certain amount of protection
for the input of the vertical amplifier. Because of their separa­te manufacture, all attenuator probes are only partially
compensated, therefore accurate compensation must be
performed on the oscilloscope (see Probe compensation ).

Standard attenuator probes on the oscilloscope normally
reduce its bandwidth and increase the rise time. In all cases
where the oscilloscope bandwidth must be fully utilized (e.g.
for pulses with steep edges) we strongly advise using the
probes HZ51 (x10) HZ52 (x10 HF) and HZ54 (x1 and x10).
This can save the purchase of an oscilloscope with larger
bandwidth.

The probes mentioned have a HF-calibration in addition to
low frequency calibration adjustment. Thus a group delay
correction to the upper limit frequency of the oscilloscope is
possible with the aid of an 1MHz calibrator, e.g. HZ60.

where a trace appears on the screen if the INTENS. knob is
in center position, all LED‘s should remain unlit. The trace,
displaying one baseline or the shorter COMP TESTER
baseline, should be visible after a short warm-up period of
approx. 10 seconds. If the COMP TESTER mode is active,
depress the COMP TESTER pushbutton once to switch to
XY or Yt mode. In XY mode the XY LED in the TIME/DIV
section is lit, in this case depress the XY pushbutton once to
switch over to Yt mode. Adjust Y-POS.I and X-POS. controls
to center the baseline. Adjust INTENS. (intensity) and FOCUS
controls for medium brightness and optimum sharpness of
the trace. The oscilloscope is now ready for use.

• Rotate the variable controls with arrows, i.e. TIME/DIV.
variable control, CH.I and CH.II attenuator variable
controls, and HOLD OFF control to their calibrated detent.

• Set all controls with marker lines to their midrange position
(marker lines pointing vertically).

••

• Depress the upper NORM. pushbutton until the AC

••
symbol on the trigger coupling scale is lit.

• Both GD input coupling pushbutton switches for CH.I and
CH.II in the Y-field should be set to the GD position (GD lit).

In fact the bandwidth and rise time of the oscilloscope are
not noticably changed with these probe types and the
waveform reproduction fidelity can even be improved because
the probe can be matched to the oscilloscopes individual pulse
response.

If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used, DC input
coupling must always be used at voltages above 400V .
With AC coupling of low frequency signals, the
attenuation is no longer independent of frequency,
pulses can show pulse tilts. Direct voltages are
suppressed but load the oscilloscope input coupling
capacitor concerned. Its voltage rating is max. 400 V
(DC + peak AC). DC input coupling is therefore of quite
special importance with a x100 attenuation probe
which usually has a voltage rating of max. 1200 V (DC
+ peak AC). A capacitor of corresponding capacitance
and voltage rating may be connected in series with
the attenuator probe input for blocking DC voltage (e.g.
for hum voltage measurement).

With all attenuator probes, the maximum AC input voltage
must be derated with frequency usually above 20kHz.
Therefore the derating curve of the attenuator probe type
concerned must be taken into account.

The selection of the ground point on the test object is
important when displaying small signal voltages. It should
always be as close as possible to the measuring point. If this
is not done, serious signal distortion may result from spurious
currents through the ground leads or chassis parts. The
ground leads on attenuator probes are also particularly critical.
They should be as short and thick as possible. When the
attenuator probe is connected to a BNC-socket, a BNC­adapter, should be used. In this way ground and matching
problems are eliminated. Hum or interference appearing in
the measuring circuit (especially when a small deflection
coefficient is used) is possibly caused by multiple grounding
because equalizing currents can flow in the shielding of the
test cables (voltage drop between the protective conductor
connections, caused by external equipment connected to the
mains/line, e.g. signal generators with interference protection
capacitors).

If only a spot appears (CAUTION! CRT phosphor can be
damaged), reduce the intensity immediately and check that
the XY mode is not selected (XY LED dark). If the trace is
not visible, check the correct positions of all knobs and modes
(particularly NM LED - normal triggering - LED on).

To obtain the maximum life from the cathode-ray tube, the
minimum intensity setting necessary for the measurement
in hand and the ambient light conditions should be used.

Particular care is required when a single spot is displayed, as
a very high intensity setting may cause damage to the
fluorescent screen of the CRT. Switching the oscilloscope
off and on at short intervals stresses the cathode of the CRT
and should therefore be avoided.

The instrument is so designed that even incorrect operation
will not cause serious damage.

The HM604-3 accepts all signals from DC (direct voltage) up
to a frequency of at least 60MHz (-3dB). For sinewave
voltages the upper frequency limit will be 100MHz (-6dB).
However, in this higher frequency range the vertical display
height on the screen is limited to approx. 4-5div. The time
resolution poses no problem. For example, with 100MHz and
the fastest adjustable sweep rate (5ns/div.), one cycle will
be displayed every 2div. The tolerance on indicated values
amounts to ±3% in both deflection directions. All values to
be measured can therefore be determined relatively
accurately.

However, from approximately 10MHz upwards the measuring
error will increase as a result of loss of gain. At 18MHz this
reduction is about 10%. Thus, approximately 11% should be
added to the measured voltage at this frequency. As the
bandwidth of the amplifiers may differ slightly (normally
between 60 and 78MHz), the measured values in the upper
frequency range cannot be defined exactly. Additionally, as
already mentioned, for frequencies above 60MHz the dynamic
range of the display height steadily decreases. The vertical
amplifier is designed so that the transmission performance
is not affected by its own overshoot.

First Time Operation

Switch on the oscilloscope by depressing the red POWER
pushbutton. The instrument will revert to its last used
operating mode. Except in the case of COMP. TESTER mode,

10

Trace Rotation TR

In spite of Mumetal-shielding of the CRT , effects of the earths
magnetic field on the horizontal trace position cannot be
completely avoided. This is dependent upon the orientation

Subject to change without notice