HAMEG HM5014, HM5012 User Manual
ENGLISH
®
Instruments
Manual
SpectrumAnalyzer
HM5012/14
Software
SW5012
Subject to change without notice
MANUAL•HANDBUCH•MANUEL
1
Spectrumanalyzer HM5012/HM5014
General information regarding the CE marking ............................ 4
Technical Characteristics .................................................................. 6
The Interface .................................................................................. 7
The Software ................................................................................. 7
HZ530 EMI Near Field Sniffer Probe Set(Optional accessories) . 10
Specifications ............................................................................... 10
General Information ........................................................................ 11
Symbols ....................................................................................... 11
Tilt handle ..................................................................................... 11
Safety ........................................................................................... 12
Operating Conditions ................................................................... 13
Warranty ....................................................................................... 13
Maintenance ................................................................................ 14
Selecting the Line Voltage ........................................................... 14
Introduction .................................................................................. 15
Operating Instructions ................................................................. 16
Control Elements ............................................................................. 17
Operation - first steps ..................................................................... 27
Introduction to Spectrum Analysis ............................................... 29
Types of Spectrum Analyzers ...................................................... 30
Spectrum Analyzer Requirements ............................................... 32
Frequency Measurements ........................................................... 32
Resolution .................................................................................... 33
Sensitivity ..................................................................................... 33
Video Filtering .............................................................................. 34
Spectrum Analyzer Sensitivity ..................................................... 35
Frequency Response ................................................................... 36
Tracking Generators ..................................................................... 36
St. 201000 Zim/tke
2
CODES for serial Interface RS232 ................................................... 38
Subject to change without notice
Table of contents
Software SW5012
Software package SW5012 ............................................................ 42
Pulldown Menu 1: ............................................................................ 42
Data .............................................................................................. 42
Pulldown Menu 2: (Command Mode Normal) ............................. 45
Settings ........................................................................................ 45
Pulldown Menu 3: ............................................................................ 45
Operating Modes ......................................................................... 46
Normal Mode ............................................................................... 46
Correction on ............................................................................... 46
Calculation on ............................................................................... 46
EMC Mode Functions, Software tasks ....................................... 47
Definition of new components .................................................... 48
Configuration of a test system .................................................... 50
Definition of limit lines ................................................................. 51
Define Test ................................................................................... 52
EMC Test Procedure ........................................................................ 54
Subject to change without notice
3
General information regarding the CE marking
HAMEG instruments fulfill the regulations of the EMC directive. The conformity test made
by HAMEG is based on the actual generic- and product standards. In cases where different limit values are applicable, HAMEG applies the severer standard. For emission the
limits for residential, commercial and light industry are applied. Regarding the immunity
(susceptibility) the limits for industrial environment have been used.
The measuring- and data lines of the instrument have much influence on emmission and
immunity and therefore on meeting the acceptance limits. For different applications the
lines and/or cables used may be different. For measurement operation the following hints
and conditions regarding emission and immunity should be observed:
1. Data cables
For the connection between instruments resp. their interfaces and external devices,
(computer, printer etc.) sufficiently screened cables must be used. Without a special
instruction in the manual for a reduced cable length, the maximum cable length of a dataline
must be less than 3 meters and not be used outside buildings. If an interface has several
connectors only one connector must have a connection to a cable.
Basically interconnections must have a double screening. For IEEE-bus purposes the double
screened cables HZ72S and HZ72L from HAMEG are suitable.
2. Signal cables
Basically test leads for signal interconnection between test point and instrument should
be as short as possible. Without instruction in the manual for a shorter length, signal lines
must be less than 3 meters and not be used outside buildings.
Signal lines must screened (coaxial cable - RG58/U). A proper ground connection is required.
In combination with signal generators double screened cables (RG223/U, RG214/U) must
be used.
3. Influence on measuring instruments.
Under the presence of strong high frequency electric or magnetic fields, even with careful
setup of the measuring equipment an influence of such signals is unavoidable.
This will not cause damage or put the instrument out of operation. Small deviations of the
measuring value (reading) exceeding the instruments specifications may result from such
conditions in individual cases.
December 1995
HAMEG GmbH
4
Subject to change without notice
KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE
Name und Adresse des Herstellers HAMEG GmbH
Manufacturer´s name and address Kelsterbacherstraße 15-19
Nom et adresse du fabricant D - 60528 Frankfurt
HAMEG S.a.r.l.
5, av de la République
F - 94800 Villejuif
Die HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l bescheinigt die Konformität für das Produkt
The HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l herewith declares conformity of the product
HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l déclare la conformite du produit
®
Instruments
Bezeichnung / Product name / Designation:
Typ / Type / Type:
mit / with / avec:
Optionen / Options / Options:
mit den folgenden Bestimmungen / with applicable regulations / avec les directives suivantes
EMV Richtlinie 89/336/EWG ergänzt durch 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG
EMC Directive 89/336/EEC amended by 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EEC
Directive EMC 89/336/CEE amendée par 91/263/EWG, 92/31/CEE
Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73/23/EWG ergänzt durch 93/68/EWG
Low-Voltage Equipment Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC
Directive des equipements basse tension 73/23/CEE amendée par 93/68/CEE
Angewendete harmonisierte Normen / Harmonized standards applied / Normes harmonisées utilisées
Sicherheit / Safety / Sécurité
EN 61010-1: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1010-1: 1990 A 1: 1992 / VDE 0411: 1994
EN 61010-1/A2: 1995 / IEC 1010-1/A2: 1995 / VDE 0411 Teil 1/A1: 1996-05
Überspannungskategorie / Overvoltage category / Catégorie de surtension: II
Verschmutzungsgrad / Degree of pollution / Degré de pollution: 2
Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit / Electromagnetic compatibility /
Compatibilité électromagnétique
EN 61326-1/A1
Störaussendung / Radiation / Emission: Tabelle / table / tableau 4; Klasse / Class / Classe B.
Störfestigkeit / Immunity / Imunitee: Tabelle / table / tableau A1.
EN 61000-3-2/A14
Oberschwingungsströme / Harmonic current emissions / Émissions de courant harmonique: Klasse / Class / Classe D.
EN 61000-3-3
Spannungsschwankungen u. Flicker / Voltage fluctuations and flicker /
Fluctuations de tension et du flicker.
Datum /Date /Date Unterschrift / Signature /Signatur
Spektrum-Analysator/Spectrum Analyzer/Analyseur de spectre
HM5012/ 5014
-
-
15.01.2001
E. Baumgartner
Technical Manager
Directeur Technique
Subject to change without notice
5
HM5012 & HM5014, the Spectrum Analyzers
for EMC Measurements
■■
■ Continuous frequency range from 150 kHz to 1050 MHz.
■■
■■
■ Amplitude range from –100 dBm to +13 dBm
■■
(7 dBµV to 120 dBµV) 80 dB on-screen
■■
■ Resolution bandwidths of 9 kHz, 120 kHz, 400 kHz
■■
■■
■ Intermodulation-free dynamic range 75 dB
■■
■■
■ Save / Recall
■■
Technical Characteristics
The new spectrum analyzer HM5012
and HM5014 is based in general on the
high frequency characteristics of the
HM5010 and the HM5011 analyzers. The
usable frequency range is therefore from
150 kHz to above 1 GHz. The available
resolution bandwidths are 9kHz, 120kHz
and 400 kHz. Completely new is primarily
the processor-controlled operation and a
digital signal display which works in realtime, and is resolved with up to 4,000
points over the entire screen. The screen
will also display all selected frequency
settings and the marker results.
6
The unique features of this spectrum
analyzer are the extensive EMC measurement capabilities. These include the amplitude indication in Peak and Average
modes. For the precise evaluation of the
signals a marker is provided that will give
a readout for amplitude and frequency onscreen.
An additional advantage is that newly
acquired signals can be compared with
the content of the reference storage.
Complicated and repeatedly used equipment adjustments can be saved by use of
the Save/Recall function.
Subject to change without notice
HM 5014
The Model HM5014 includes a tracking generator that can be used to evaluate the
frequency characteristics of 4-terminal devices, such as filters.
The Interface
The Analyzers are supplied with an RS-232 interface for PC communication and
print-out. The optional HZ70 optoisolator with fiber-optics cable is available to isolate
the spectrum analyzer from interference effects and ground loops.
The Software
The software for extended functions and for the evaluation of measurement results
via PC is part of the spectrum analyzer and provides the following features:
Numeric indication of measurement values.
Average, peak and quasi peak values with
corresponding cursor.
Storage of reference spectra for comparison.
Freely definable limit lines.
Indication of above-limit signals.
Correction factors for antennas.
Script-control for automatic measurements.
Printout in tabular form (e. g. table calculations).
B/W or color printouts of the spectra with printer selection for all printers
supported by Windows ©.
On line “Help” function.
A manual for various EMC applications is provided.
Screen Dump of Software SW5012
Subject to change without notice
7
Specifications
Frequency
Frequency Range: 0.15 MHz to 1050MHz
Frequency Resolution displayed: 10kHz (5½ Digit in Readout)
Center Frequency Range 0.15 MHz - 1050 MHz
Accuracy: ±100kHz
Stability (Drift): <150kHz / hour
Span: Zero span and 100kHz/Div to 100MHz/Div
in steps of 1-2-5-10
Accuracy: ±5%
Marker: absolute Marker
Marker Resolution (Frequency) 5½ digits
Marker Resolution (Level) 3½ digits
Marker Readout Accuracy: ±(0.1% span + 100kHz)
Resolution Bandwidth, RBW (3dB): 9kHz, 120kHz and 400kHz
Video Bandwidth, VBW: 4kHz
SWT (fixed): 40ms, 320ms, 1s
Amplitude
Measurement Range: –100dBm to +13dBm
Displayed Average Noise Level: –102dBm (120kHz RBW)
Frequency Response
Relative to 500 MHz, ATTN 10 dB ±2 dB
Input Attenuator Range: 40 dB, 10 dB steps
Accuracy (reference level): ±1 dB
Maximum Safe Input Level
Attenuator setting 20db: +20 dBm (0,1W)
Attenuator setting 0dB: +10 dBm
DC: ±25 V
Display Range: 40, 80 dB, 8 Divisions
Scale Units dBm
Reference Level: -99 to +13 dBm (+var.)
Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty: ±1dB
Spurious responses:
Intermodulation (3rd Order): –75 dBc
(2 Signals, –27 dBm each, Frequency distance>3MHz)
Harmonic Distortion (2nd, 3rd): <–75 dBc
Absolute Amplitude Accuracy: ±2.5 dB
(1)
Inputs / Outputs
Front Panel
Input Connector BNC (F) Impedance: 50Ω
Probe Power: 6V (Near field probes)
Tracking Generator Out (HM5014) BNC (F) Impedance: 50Ω
8
Subject to change without notice
Special Functions
Average 32 measurements
SAVE/RECALL 9 complete Set-ups
Peak-Detection
Max. Hold
Hold Trace stored on screen
Reference Curve
AM-Demodulator Ear Phones
Tracking Generator (only Model HM5014)
Output Frequency Range: 150 kHz to 1050 MHz
Output Power Level –50dBm bis +1dBm
Output flatness (150 kHz to 1 GHz) ±1.0dB
Spurious Outputs
Harmonic Spurs >20dBc
Non-Harmonic Spurs >20dBc
General
Temperature Range
Operating 10°C to 40° C
Storage: –40°C to 70° C
Power Requirements:
Voltage 115 / 230V
Frequency 50-60Hz
Power consumption approx. 43VA
CRT: 8 x 10cm
Protective System: Safety Class I (IEC 1010-1)
Dimensions W 285, H 125, D 380mm
Weight: approx.: 6kg
1) only if EMC set-up is used
Subject to change without notice 06/98
Accessories supplied
Software for evaluation, Documentation and Remote
Control. Power Cable, Operating Manual.
Optional accessories
Optical Interface (RS232) HZ70
Telescope Antenna HZ 520
Transient Limiter HZ560
Near Field Probes (E, H, High Imp. Probe) HZ530
LISN (EMC) HM6050
Subject to change without notice
9
HZ530 EMI Near Field Sniffer Probe Set (Optional accessories)
The HZ530 is the ideal toolkit for the
investigation of RF electromagnetic fields.
It is indispensible for EMI pre-compliance
testing during product development, prior
to third party testing. The set includes 3
hand-held probes with a built-in pre-
amplifier covering the frequency range from
10 kHz to 1000 MHz depending on probe
type. The set includes one magnetic field
probe, one electric field probe and one
high impedance probe. All have high
sensitivity and are matched to the 50Ω
inputs of spectrum analyzers. The power
can be supplied either from the batteries or
thrugh a power cord directly connected to
an HM5012/14 series spectrum analyzer.
Signal feed is via a 1.5m BNC-cable. When
used in conjunction with a spectrum analyzer
or a measuring receiver, the probes can be
used to locate and qualify EMI sources.
They are especially suited to locate
emission “hot spots” on PCBs and cables,
as well as evaluate EMC problems at the
breadboard and prototype level. They
enable the user to evaluate radiated fields
and perform shield effectivity comparisons.
Mechanical screening performance and
immunity tests on cables and components
are easily performed. Faulty components
and poor bonding locations can be isolated.
The magnetic probe incorporates a high
degree of rejection of both stray and direct
electric fields, and provides far greater
repeatability than with conventional field
probes. Measurements can be made on the
very near field area that is close to components or radiation sources. The electric field
(mono-pole) probe has the highest
sensitivity of all three probes. It can be
used to check screening and perform pre-
compliance testing on a comparative basis.
The high impedance probe is used to
measure directly on the components
under test or at the conductive trace of a PC
board. It has an input capacitance of only
2pF and supplies virtually no electrical
charge to the device under test.
Specifications
Frequency
Frequency range: 0.1MHz to 1000MHz
(lower frequency limit
depends on probe type)
Output impedance: 50 Ω
Output connector: BNC-jack
Input capacitance: 2pF
(high imped. probe)
Max. Input Level: +10dBm
(without destruction)
1dB-compression point: -2dBm
(frequency range dependent)
DC-input voltage: 20V max.
Supply Voltage: 6V DC
4 AA size batteries
10
Supply Current: 8mA (H-Field Probe)
Probe Dimensions:
Housing: Plastic; (electrically
Package contents: Carrying case
(Batteries or Ni-Cads are not included)
Supply-power of HM5012/5014
15mA (E-FieldProbe)
24mA(High imp.Probe)
40x19x195mm (WxDxL)
shielded internally)
1 H-Field Probe
1 E-Field Probe
1 High Impedance Probe
1 BNC cable (1.5m)
1 Power Supply Cable
Subject to change without notice
General Information
The HM5012/14 spectrum analyzer is easy to operate.The logical
arrangement of the controls allows anyone to quickly become
familiar with the operation of the instrument, however, experienced
users are also advised to read through these instructions so that
all functions are understood. Immediately after unpacking, the
instrument should be checked for mechanical damage and loose
parts in the interior. If there is transport damage, the supplier must
be informed immediately. The instrument must then not be put
into operation.
Symbols
Tilt handle
To view the screen from the best angle, there are three different
positions (C, D, E) for setting up the instrument. If the instrument
is set down on the floor after being carried, the handle
automatically remains in the upright carrying position (A). In order
to place the instrument onto a horizontal surface, the handle should
be turned to the upper side of the Spectrum Analyzer (C). For the
D position (10° inclination), the handle should be turned to the
opposite direction of the
carrying position until it
locks in place automatically
underneath the instrument. For the E position
(20° inclination), the handle should be pulled to release it from the D position
and swing backwards until
it locks once more. The
handle may also be set to
a position for horizontal carrying by turning it to the upper side to
lock in the B position. At the same time, the instrument must be
lifted, because otherwise the handle will jump back.
ATTENTION - refer to manual
Danger - High voltage
Protective ground (earth) terminal
Subject to change without notice
11
Safety
This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with
IEC Publication 1010-1, Safety requirements for electrical
equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. The
CENELEC regulations EN 61010-1 correspond to this standard. It
has left the factory in a safe condition. This instruction manual
contains important information and warnings which have to be
followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the
Spectrum Analyzer in a safe condition. The case, chassis and all
measuring terminals are connected to the protective earth contact
of the appliance inlet. The instrument operates according to Safety
Class I (three-conductor power cord with protective earthing
conductor and a plug with earthing contact). The mains/line plug
shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective
earth contact. The protective action must not be negated by the
use of an extension cord without a protective conductor.
The mains/line plug should be inserted before connections are
made to measuring circuits. The grounded accessible metal parts
(case, sockets, jacks) and the mains/line supply contacts (line/live,
neutral) of the instrument have been tested against insulation
breakdown with 2200V DC. Under certain conditions, 50Hz or 60Hz
hum voltages can occur in the measuring circuit due to the interconnection with other mains/line powered equipment or
instruments. This can be avoided by using an isolation transformer
(Safety Class II) between the mains/line outlet and the power plug
of the device being investigated. Most cathode-ray tubes develop
X-rays. However, the dose equivalent rate falls far below the
maximum permissible value of 36pA/kg (0.5mR/h). Whenever
it is likely that protection has been impaired, the instrument shall
be made inoperative and be secured against any unintended
operation. The protection is likely to be impaired if, for example,
the instrument
12
• shows visible damage,
• fails to perform the intended measurements,
• has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavourable
conditions (e.g. in the open or in moist environments),
• has been subject to severe transport stress (e.g. in poor
packaging).
Subject to change without notice
Operating Conditions
The instrument has been designed for indoor use. The permissible
ambient temperature range during operation is +10°C (+50°F) ...
+40°C (+104°F). It may occasionally be subjected to temperatures
between +10°C (+50°F) and –10°C (+14°F) without degrading its
safety. The permissible ambient temperature range for storage
or transportation is –40°C (+14°F) ... +70°C (+158°F).
The maximum operating altitude is up to 2200m. The maximum
relative humidity is up to 80%.
If condensed water exists in the instrument it should be
acclimatized before switching on. In some cases (e.g. instrument
extremely cold) two hours should be allowed before the
instrument is put into operation. The instrument should be kept
in a clean and dry room and must not be operated in explosive,
corrosive, dusty, or moist environments. The spectrum analyzer
can be operated in any position, but the convection cooling must
not be impaired. For continuous operation the instrument should
be used in the horizontal position, preferably tilted upwards, resting
on the tilt handle.
The specifications stating tolerances are only valid if the
instrument has warmed up for 60 minutes at an ambient
temperature between +15°C (+59°F) and +30°C (+86°F).
Values without tolerances are typical for an average
instrument.
Warranty
HAMEG warrants to its Customers that the products it
manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for a period of 3 years. This warranty shall not
apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or
inadequate maintenance and care. HAMEG shall not be obliged
to provide service under this warranty to repair damage resulting
from attempts by personnel other than HAMEG representatives
to install, repair, service or modify these products.
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customers must
contact and notify the distributor who has sold the product.
Each instrument is subjected to a quality test with 10 hour burnin before leaving the production. Practically all early failures are
Subject to change without notice
13
Maintenance
detected by this method. In the case of shipments by post, rail or
carrier it is recommended that the original packing is carefully
preserved. Transport damages and damage due to gross
negligence are not covered by the waranty.
In the case of a complaint, a label should be attached to the
housing of the instrument which describes briefly the faults
observed. If at the same time the name and telephone number
(dialing code and telephone or direct number or department
designation) is stated for possible queries, this helps towards
speeding up the processing of waranty claims.
Various important properties of the spectrum analyzer should be
carefully checked at certain intervals. Only in this way it is certain
that all signals are displayed with the accuracy on which the
technical data are based.
The exterior of the instrument should be cleaned regularly with a
dusting brush. Dirt which is difficult to remove on the casing and
handle, the plastic and aluminium parts, can be removed with a
moistened cloth (99% water +1% mild detergent). Spirit or washing benzine (petroleum ether) can be used to remove greasy dirt.
The screen may be cleaned with water or washing benzine (but
not with spirit (alcohol) or solvents), it must then be wiped with a
dry clean lint-free cloth. Under no circumstances may the cleaning
fluid get into the instrument. The use of other cleaning agents
can attack the plastic and paint surfaces.
Selecting the Line Voltage
The spectrum analyzer operates at mains/line voltages of 115V
AC and 230V AC. The voltage selection switch is located on the
rear of the instrument and displays the selected voltage. The
correct voltage can be selected using a small screwdriver.
Remove the power cable from the power connector prior to
making any changes to the voltage setting. The fuses must also
be replaced with the appropriate value (see table below) prior to
connecting the power cable. Both fuses are externally accessible
by removing the fuse cover located above the 3-pole power
connector.
14
Subject to change without notice
Introduction
The fuseholder can be released by pressing its plastic retainers
with the aid of a small screwdriver. The retainers are located on
the right and left side of the holder and must be pressed towards
the center. The fuse(s) can then be replaced and pressed in until
locked on both sides.
Use of patched fuses or short-circuiting of the fuseholder is not
permissible; HAMEG assumes no liability whatsoever for any
damage caused as a result, and all warranty claims become null
and void.
Fuse type:
Size 5 x 20 mm; 250-Volt AC;
must meet IEC specification 127,
Sheet III (or DIN 41 662 or
DIN 41 571, sheet 3).
Time characteristic: time-lag
Line voltage 115V~ ±10%: Fuse rating: T 630mA
Line voltage 230V~ ±10%: Fuse rating: T 315mA
.
The spectrum analyzer permits the detection of spectrum
components of electrical signals in the frequency range of 0.15
to 1050MHz. The detected signal and its content have to be
repetitive. In contrast to an oscilloscope operated in Yt mode,
where the amplitude is displayed on the time domain, the
spectrum analyzer displays amplitude on the frequency domain
(Yf). The individual spectrum components of “a signal” become
visible on a spectrum analyzer. The oscilloscope would display
the same signal as one resulting waveform.
The spectrum analyzer works according to the triple superhet
receiver principle. The signal to be measured (fin = 0.15MHz to
1050MHz) is applied to the 1st mixer where it is mixed with the
signal of a variable voltage controlled oscillator (fLO 1350MHz 2350MHz). This oscillator is called the 1st LO (local oscillator). The
difference between the oscillator and the input frequency (fLO - fin
= 1st IF) is the first intermediate frequency, which passes through
a waveband filter tuned to a center frequency of 1350MHz. It then
enters an amplifier, and this is followed by two additional mixing
stages, oscillators and amplifiers. The second IF is 29.875MHz and
Subject to change without notice
15
the third is 2.75MHz. In the third IF stage, the signal can be
selectively transferred through a filter with 400kHz or 20kHz
bandwidth before arriving at an AM demodulator. The logarithmic
output (video signal) is transferred directly, or via a low pass filter
to another amplifier. This amplifier output is connected to the Y
deflection plates of the CRT.
The X deflection is performed with a ramp generator voltage. This
voltage can also be superimposed on a dc voltage which allows for
the control of 1st LO. The spectrum analyzer scans a frequency
range depending on the ramp height. This span is determined by
the scanwidth setting. In ZERO SCAN mode only the direct voltage
controls the 1st LO.
The HM5014 also includes a tracking generator. This generator
provides sine wave voltages within the frequency range of 0.15
to 1050MHz. The tracking generator frequency is determined by
the first oscillator (1st LO) of the spectrum analyzer section.
Spectrum analyzer and tracking generator are frequency
synchronized.
Operating Instructions
It is very important to read the paragraph “Safety” including the
instructions prior to operating the HM5012/14. No special
knowledge is necessary for the operation of the HM5012/14. The
straightforward front panel layout and the limitation to basic
functions guarantee efficient operation immediately. To ensure
optimum operation of the instrument, some basic instructions
need to be followed.
Attention!
16
The most sensitive component of the HM5012/HM5014 is
the input section of the spectrum analyzer. It consists of
the signal attenuator and the first mixer. Without input
attenuation, the voltage at the input must not exceed
+10dBm (0.7Vrms) AC or ±25 volt DC. With a maximum input
attenuation of 40dB the AC voltage must not exceed
+20dBm.
These limits must not be exceeded
otherwise the input attenuator and/or the first mixer would
be destroyed.
Subject to change without notice
When measuring via a LISN (line impedance stabilization
network) the input of the Spectrum Analyzer must be
protected by means of a transient limiter (HZ560).
Prior to examining unidentified signals, the presence of
unacceptable high voltages has to be checked. It is also
recommended to start measurements with the highest possible
attenuation and a maximum frequency range (1000MHz). The user
should also consider the possibility of excessively high signal
amplitudes outside the covered frequency range, although not
displayed (e.g. 1200MHz). The frequency range of 0Hz to 150kHz
is not specified for the HM5012/14 spectrum analyzer. Spectral
lines within this range would be displayed with incorrect amplitude.
A particularly high intensity setting shall be avoided. The way signals
are displayed on the spectrum analyzer typically allows for any signal
to be recognized easily, even with low intensity.
Due to the frequency conversion principle, a spectral line is visible
at 0Hz. It is called IF-feedthrough. The line appears when the 1st
LO frequency passes the IF amplifiers and filters. The level of
this spectral line is different in each instrument. A deviation from
the full screen does not indicate a malfunctioning instrument.
Control Elements
(1) POWER
After about 10 sec. the noise level will appear on the bottom
base line.
Subject to change without notice
17
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