HAMAMATSU R2693, R2693P Datasheet

Transmission Mode Low Noise Bialkali Photocathode

FEATURES

Low Dark Current
Low Dark Counts (R2693P)

Wide Photocathode
Excellent Spatial Uniformity
Fast Time Response

APPLICATIONS

Fluorescence Detector
Chemiluminescence Detector

Raman Spectroscopy
Emission Spectroscopy
Light Scattering Detector

PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBES

R2693, R2693P

28mm (1-1/8 inch) Diameter, Side-on Type

GENERAL

Parameter Description Unit

Spectral Response
Wavelength of Maximum Response

Photocathode

MateriaI

Minimum Effective Area
Window Material
Dynode

Structure

Number of Stages
Direct Interelectrode Capacitances

Anode to Last Dynode

Anode to All Other Electrodes
Base
SuitabIe Socket

Applicable Socket Assembly

Figure 2: Typical Spatial Uniformity

Y

SPOTSIZE : 1mm DIA
SUPPLY VOLTAGE : 1000V

X

WAVELENGTH : 400nm

185 to 650 nm

Low noise bialkali

16(H) 18(W)

UV glass

Circular-cage

11-pin base

JEDEC No. B11-88

E678–11A (option)

E717–21 (option)

100

80

60

40

20

RELATIVE SENSITIVITY (%)

Figure 1: Electron Trajectories

375

9

1.2 pF

3.4 pF

X-Axis

0

84 04

nm

mm

DISTANCE FROM CENTER OF
PHOTOCATHODE (mm)

PHOTOELECTRONS

2nd DYNODE

Y-Axis

9

8

LIGHT

1st DYNODE

3rd DYNODE

4.5

DISTANCE FROM CENTER OF
PHOTOCATHODE (mm)

0

4.5

PHOTOCATHODE

GLASS
BULB

FOCUSING
ELECTRODES

TPMSC0003EB

100

80

60

40

20
0

9

TPMSB0066EA

RELATIVE SENSITIVITY (%)

Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office.

Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. © 1993 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.

PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBES R2693, R2693P

MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)

Parameter Value

Supply Voltage
Average Anode Current

Ambient Temperature

Between Anode and Cathode
Between Anode and Last Dynode

A

–80 to +50

1250

250

0.1

Unit

Vdc
Vdc

mA

CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25 )

Parameter Min. Typ. Typ.Max.

Quantum Efficiency at 375nm

Cathode
Sensitivity

Luminous
Radiant at 375nm (Peak)
Blue

Anode
Sensitivity

D

Gain
Anode Dark Current

Luminous
Radiant at 375nm

E

(After 30min. storage in darkness)
Anode Dark Counts

E

ENI(Equivalent Noise Input)

Anode Pulse Rise Time

D

Time Response

Electron Transit Time
Transit Time Spread (FWHM)

Anode Current
Stability

K

Current Hysteresis
Voltage Hysteresis

B

C

D

F

G

H

J

NOTES

A:

Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.

B:

The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a
distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is 100 volts
between the cathode and all other electrodes connected together
as anode.

C:

The value is cathode output current when a blue filter(Corning
CS-5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is interposed
between the light source and the tube under the same condition
as Note B.

D:

Measured with the same light source as Note B and with the
voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1:Voltage Distribution Ratio

ElectrodesR2693 K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy9 P
Ratio 1 1 1

ElectrodesR2693P K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy9 P
Ratio 2.5 1.5 1

SuppIy Voltage : 1000Vdc, K : Cathode,Dy : Dynode, P : Anode

E:

Measured with the same supply voltage and voltage distribution
ratio as Note D after removal of light.

F:

ENI is an indication of the photon-limited signal-to-noise ratio. It
refers to the amount of light in watts to produce a signal-to-noise
ratio of unity in the output of a photomultiplier tube.

ENI =

2q.ldb.G

f

S

.

where q = Electronic charge (1.60 10
ldb = Anode dark current(after 30 minutes storage)
in amperes.
G = Gain.
f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is used.
S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt at the
wavelength of peak response.

••••••••

••••••••

-19

coulomb).

••••

11

••••

11

for General Purpose

R2693

20.5

30 50

62

7.0

300100

5

3.7 10

6

6 10

0.5 5.0

-17

8.6 10

1.2
18

1.0

0.5

1.0

G:

The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from 10%
to 90% of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is
illuminated by a delta function light pulse.

H:

The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of
delta function light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and
the time when the anode output reaches the peak amplitube. In
measurement, the whole photocathode is illuminated.

J:

Also called transit time jitter. This is the fluctuation in electron
transit time between individual pulses in the single photoelectron
mode, and may be defined as the FWHM of the frequency
distribution of electron transit times.

K:

Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after light and
voltage are applied.

ANODE

CURRENT

(1)Current Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 750 volts with an anode current of 1 micro­ampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube for a
minute. The tube is then re-illuminated by the previous light level
for a minute to measure the variation.

(2)Voltage Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 300 volts with an anode current of 0.1 micro

-ampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube and
the supply voltage is quickly increased to 800 volts. After a minute,
the supply voltage is then reduced to the previous value and the
tube is re-illuminated for a minute to measure the variation.

R2693P

for Photon Counting

Min. Max.

20.5 %

30 50

62 mA/W

7.0 A/lm-b

300 A/lm100

5

3.7 10

6

6 10

0.1 2.0 nA
15 50 cps

-17

3.9 10

1.2
18

1.0

0.5

1.0

l

l

max.

Hysteresis = 100(%)

l

i

0

5 6 7 (minutes)

min.

l

i

l

max.

l

min.

Unit

A/lm

A/W

W
ns
ns
ns

%
%

TIME

TPMSB0002EA