HAMAMATSU C7921 User Manual

IMAGE SENSOR

Flat panel sensor

C7921

High resolution and high frame rate

Flat panel sensor C7921 is a digital X-ray image sensor newly developed as key devices for non-destructive inspection, biomedical imaging, X­ray microscopy and other real-time X-ray imaging applications requiring high resolution and high image quality. C7921 consists of a sensor board
and a control board, both assembled in a thin, flat and compact package. The sensor board contains a CsI scintillator plate, a two-dimensional
photodiode array with FET switches and a signal processing IC chip. The photodiode array has a 1056 × 1056 pixel format with minimized
blooming and is highly sensitive to bluish green light emitted from the CsI scintillator. Each row of pixels is addressed in sequence by the vertical
shift register connected to the gate line.
Light emission occurs when X-rays are absorbed in the CsI scintillator. This light emission enters directly into the two-dimensional photodiode
array where an electric charge is stored in each pixel according to the light intensity. This charge is then transferred to the corresponding data line
by applying a control signal to the vertical shift register.
The sensor board also has 8 charge sensitive amplifier arrays each having 132 channel amplifiers with a horizontal shift register. These amplifiers
with a total of 1056 channels are connected to a CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) circuit that senses the charge on each video line and sends it
as the analog video signal from each amplifier array. The control board converts the analog video signal into a 12-bit digital signal and outputs it to
an external frame grabber from a 12-bit parallel port.
C7921 delivers a frame rate of 16 frames per second using 4 × 4 binning and is ideal for high frame rate applications, also ideal for applications
requiring high resolution because of its 50 µm pixel size. Massive digital image data can easily be monitored on a display unit by using a frame
grabber board and video memory installed in the PC. C7921 will prove ideal tools for real-time X-ray imaging and processing where easy-to-use,
high-resolution X-ray digital image sensors are needed.

Applications

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Non-destructive inspection

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Digital X-ray photography

■ Block diagram

PIXEL NUMBER

12

SCINTILLATOR
(52.8 mm × 52.8 mm)

AMP ARRAY No. 1

10561055

211221111057

PHOTODIODE
ARRAY

11151361115135

AMP ARRAY No. 8

SHIFT REGISTER

IntExt

TIMING
PULSE
GENERATOR

BIAS
GENERATER

Features

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High quality image: 1056 × 1056 pixels

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Pixel size: 50 × 50 µm

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No image distortion

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Digital output (12 bits)

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High-speed imaging by binning operation:
16 frames/s (4 × 4 binning)

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Wide dynamic range

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High cost performance

EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY
A. Vdd, D. Vdd V (±7.5)
(not attached)

IntExt

BINNING

(bin0, bin1)

OSCILLATOR

ExtTrg
Vsync

Hsync
Pclk

BUFFER
AMP

BUFFER
AMP

PROCESSING
AMP

PROCESSING
AMP

A/D

FIFO

A/D FIFO

VIDEO OUTPUT
(12 BIT DIGITAL)

KACCC0170EA

1

■

Vsync+
(RS-422)

Hsync+
(RS-422)

Hsync+
(RS-422)

Pclk+
(RS-422)

Data1 - 12
(RS-422)

The number of n is 132

Tvc (1 FRAME)

Thd

Thdpw Thc (1 LINE)

Tvdpw

Thdpw Thc (1 LINE)

Tpd

Tpdb

Tpc (1 PIXEL)

Tppw

Tpdb

1 2 n-1 n n+1

8n-1

8n

TdcTdd

Functional specification

Flat panel sensor

C7921

Parameter Specification

Readout Charge amplifier array

Feedback capacitance of each amplifier 0.15 pF
Video output (Data1 - 12) RS-422 (differential) 12 bit
Output data rate 6.25 MHz
Synchronous signal (Vsync, Hsync, Pclk) RS-422 (differential)
bin0, 1, ExtTrg, IntExt TTL

■

Absolute maximum ratings (Ta=25 °C)

Parameter Symbol Valu e Unit

Supply voltage for digital circuitry (+5 V) D.vdd +6.0 V

Supply voltage for analog circuitry (+5 V) A.vdd +6.0 V
Supply voltage for analog circuitry (±7.5 V) V(+/-7.5) ±12 V
Operating temperature (not condensed) Topr 0 to +35 °C
Storage temperature (not condensed) Tstg 0 to +50 °C

■

Specification (Unless otherwise noted, Typ. Ta=25 °C A.vdd= 5.0 V, D.vdd= 5.0 V, V (±7.5)= ±7.5 V)

Parameter Symbol Specification Unit

Pixel size - 50 µm

Active area - 52.8 × 52.8 mm
Pixel number - 1056 × 1056 pixels
Number of active pixels - 1032 × 1032 pixels
Frame speed (single operation) Sf (int) 4 frame/s
Frame speed (2 × 2 binning) - 8 frame/s
Frame speed (4 × 4 binning) - 16 frame/s
Frame speed external (single operation ) Sf (ext) Sf (int) to 0.1 frame/s
Noise (rms.) N (rms.) 1000 electrons
Saturation charge Csat 2.9 M electrons
Resolution Reso 8 line pairs/mm
Dynamic range - 2900 ­Defect line * - 10 Max. lines
Scintillator - CsI -

* Without a couple of adjacent defect lines.

■ Timing chart

To acquire images through an image grabber board, parameters that match the following timing chart should be described in the
software program or parameter file.

Internal mode

KACCC0167EA

2

ExtTrg
(TTL)

Vsync+
(RS-422)

External mode

FROM Tvc TO 10 s

RECOMMENDATION: 50 % OF FRAME TIME

Tvc - TvdpwTvd

Flat panel sensor

C7921

1 × 1 mode (Typ.)

Pclk

Data1-12

2 × 2 mode (Typ.)

Hsync

Pclk

Data1-12

Hsync+, Pclk and Data 1-12 are the same as internal trigger mode.

KACCC0139EB

Parameter Symbol Value Unit

Delay time (only external trigger mode) Tvd 450 µs
Cycle time Tvc 243 msVsync
Dummy pulse width Tvdpw 920 µs

Delay time Thd 2.8 µs
Cycle time Thc 230 µsHsync
Dummy pulse width Thdpw 59 µs
Delay time Tpd 150 ns
Cycle time Tpc 160 ns
Pulse width Tppw 85 ns
Delay time between each block Tpdb 480 ns
Delay time Tdd 50 ns
Cycle time Tdc 160 ns

Parameter Symbol Value Unit

Delay time (only external trigger mode) Tvd 450 µs
Cycle time Tvc 122 msVsync
Dummy pulse width Tvdpw 920 µs

Delay time Thd 2.8 µs
Cycle time Thc 230 µs
Dummy pulse width Thdpw 140 µs
Delay time Tpd 150 ns
Cycle time Tpc 160 ns
Pulse width Tppw 85 ns
Delay time between each block Tpdb 480 ns
Delay time Tdd 50 ns
Cycle time Tdc 160 ns

4 × 4 mode (Typ.)

Parameter Symbol Value Unit

Delay time (only external trigger mode) Tvd 450 µs

Vsync

Pclk

Data1-12

Note) The numbers of siginificant figures is two. (except Tvc)

Cycle time Tvc 62 ms
Dummy pulse width Tvdpw 920 µs

Delay time Thd 2.8 µs
Cycle time Thc 230 µsHsync
Dummy pulse width Thdpw 190 µs
Delay time Tpd 150 ns
Cycle time Tpc 160 ns
Pulse width Tppw 85 ns
Delay time between each block Tpdb 480 ns
Delay time Tdd 50 ns
Cycle time Tdc 160 ns

3

Flat panel sensor

C7921

■ System requirements

To operate C7921 at full performance, the following system and peripherals are required.
PC: IBM compatible PC running on Windows 98 or later operating system
Digital frame grabber card: Monochrome 16 bits or more, pixel clock 7 MHz or more, RS-422 interface synchronous signal (See
the frame grabber manual.)
The National Instruments IMAQ PCI-1424 (NI parts No. 777662-01) frame grabber has been verified to successfully acquire 12­bit digital images from C7921. The IMAQ PCI-1422 (NI pats No. 777959-01) also acquires satisfactory images from C7921. You
can utilize the demonstration software that comes with the frame grabber as a simple viewer, to acquire and save an image. To do
so, refer to the frame grabber user’s guide for how to use the camera information file for the demonstration software.

Pow er source: A. Vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (700 mA), D. Vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (800 mA), V (±7.5) = ±7.5 ± 0.5 V (±100 mA). Use of a series
power supply is recommended. (Avoid using a switching power supply.) A power cable (terminated with an FGG.2B.307.CLAD92Z
plug at one end and open at the other end; 2 m; see Table 2.) comes supplied with C7921. An optional 36-pin cable for interface
with the 36-pin receptacle (see Table 1) on C7921 is also available for synchronous signal input, video output and external
control.

Table 1 Pin assignment of 36-pin receptacle

Pin No. Signal Pin No. Signal

1 Data1+ (MSB) 19 Data1- (MSB)

2 Data2+ 20 Data2­3 Data3+ 21 Data3­4 Data4+ 22 Data4­5 Data5+ 23 Data5­6 Data6+ 24 Data6­7 Data7+ 25 Data7­8 Data8+ 26 Data8-

9 Data9+ 27 Data9­10 Data10+ 28 Data10­11 Data11+ 29 Data11­12 Data12+(LSB) 30 Data12- (LSB)
13 bin0 (TTL) 31 Gnd
14 bin1 (TTL) 32 Gnd
15 ExtTrg (TTL) 33 IntExt (TTL)
16 Vsync+ 34 Vsync­17 Hsync+ 35 Hsync­18 Pclk+ 36 Pclk-

Unless otherwise noted, signal level is RS-422.
36-pin receptacle: TX20A-36R-D2GF1-A1L made by JAE (Japan Aviation Electronics Industry limited)
36-pin mating plug: TX20A-36PH1-D2P1-D1 made by JAE (Japan Aviation Electronics Industry limited)

Table 2 Power pin assignment and cable color

Pin No. Color Signal

1 Brown +7.5 V

2 Red Analog GND

3 Orange -7.5 V

4 Yellow Analog GND

5 Green Analog +5 V

6 Blue Digital GND

7 Purple Digital +5 V

Shield - Analog GND
7-pin power plug: FGG.2B.307.CLAD92Z made by LEMO S. A. (http://www.lemo.ch)
7-pin power receptacle: ECG.2B.307.CLV made by LEMO S. A.

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Flat panel sensor

C7921

■ Connection

Install the frame grabber board into the PC by following the manufacturer’s instructions. When a general-purpose frame
grabber board i s u sed, bin nin g or trigger operatio n for bin0, bin1, In tExt a nd ExtTrig can be con trol led w ith its digital I/O control.

OS +
ACQUISITION
SOFTWARE

VIDEO OUTPUT
(12 BIT DIGITAL)
Vsync, Hsync,
Pclk

(REAR VIEW)

PC/AT

GRABBER

X-RAY SOURCE

MOS Image Sensor for X-Ray

■ Dimensional outline (unit: mm)

142

33

33

142

MONITOR

BINNING
(bin0, bin1)
IntExt
ExtTrg

VOLTAGE
SOURCE
[A. Vdd, D. Vdd, V (±7.5)]

C7921

KACCC0168EA

30

Digital Out

52.8

Precautions

■

52.8

C7921
MOS Image Sensor for X-Ray

Top cover is made of aluminum 1.0 mm thickness.
Weight: 1.37 kg

Power

KACCA0103EA

Do not subject the Flat Panel Sensors to strong vibration or shock. (Strong shock such as drop impacts may cause permanent
damage to these sensors.)
Users must take responsibility for implementing X-ray shielding safety measures to avoid the risk of X-ray exposure.

5

General purpose frame grabber cable

Flat panel sensor

C7921

A8406-01

Optional 36-pin cables

Two types of 36-pin cables are provided as options for connecting to the frame grabber.
Type A (A8406-01): General-purpose interface cable for digital flame grabber.
Type B (A8406-02): Interface cable for IMAQ PCI-1424 grabber board.

Typ e Cable type No. Cable end Cable end

A A8406-01 open

B A8406-02
*1: Made by JAE (Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited)
*2: Made by Honda Tsushin Kogyo Co. Ltd.

TX20A-36PH1-D2P1-D1 *

A8406-01 cable for general frame grabber

A8406-01 is a cable that connects the flat panel sensor (C7921, etc.) to a general frame grabber. One end of this cable has a 36­pin plug mating with the C7921 digital output receptacle, but the other end is left open. Connect the open end to a plug that mates
with the frame grabber to be used. Cable color coding and specifications are shown in the table below.

■ Cable color coding and specifications

Pin No. Signal Cable color Marking color Pin No. Signal Cable color Marking color

1 Data1+ (MSB) blue - 19 Data1- (MSB) orange -

2 Data2+ green - 20 Data2- brown -

3 Data3+ gray - 21 Data3- red -

4 Data4+ black - 22 Data4- yellow -

5 Data5+ pink - 23 Data5- purple -

6 Data6+ white - 24 Data6- blue red

7 Data7+ orange white 25 Data7- green white

8 Data8+ brown white 26 Data8- gray white

9 Data9+ red white 27 Data9- black white

10 Data10+ yellow black 28 Data10- pink black
11 Data11+ purple white 29 Data11- white blue
12 Data12+ (LSB) blue red 30 Data12- (LSB) orange white
13 bin0 (TTL) green white 31 Gnd brown white
14 bin1 (TTL) gray white 32 Gnd red white
15 ExtTrg (TTL) black white 33 IntExt (TTL) yellow black
16 Vsync+ pink black 34 Vsync- purple white
17 Hsync+ white blue 35 Hsync- blue black
18 Pclk+ orange black 36 Pclk- green black

1

PCS-XE100MA *

2

■ Dimensional outline (unit: mm)

6

5000 ± 140

36-PIN CABLE

18 36

119

TX20A-36PH1-D2P1-D1

KACCA0096EA

Digital frame grabber cable for IMAQ PCI-1424

A8406-02

A8406-02 cable for IMAQ PCI-1424 frame grabber

A8406-02 cable is designed to connect the flat panel sensor (C7921, etc.) to the National Instrument IMAQ PCI-1424 and PCI­1422 digital frame grabber board. Both ends of this cable have connectors. One end is a 36-pin plug mating with the C7921 digital
output receptacle, while the other end is a 100-pin plug for the IMAQ PCI-1424 and PCI-1422.

■ Pin connection for A8406-02

TX20A-36PH1-D2P1-D1

Pin No.

1 Data1+ (MSB) 23 19 Data1- (MSB) 24

2 Data2+ 21 20 Data2- 22
3 Data3+ 19 21 Data3- 20
4 Data4+ 17 22 Data4- 18
5 Data5+ 15 23 Data5- 16
6 Data6+ 13 24 Data6- 14
7 Data7+ 11 25 Data7- 12
8 Data8+ 9 26 Data8- 10

9 Data9+ 7 27 Data9- 8
10 Data10+ 5 28 Data10- 6
11 Data11+ 3 2 9 D a t a11- 4
12 Data12+ (LSB) 1 30 Data12- (LSB) 2
13 bin0 (TTL) 33 31 Gnd 99
14 bin1 (TTL) 35 32 Gnd 100
15 ExtTrg (TTL) 37 33 IntExt (TTL) 39
16 Vsync+ 41 34 Vsync- 42
17 Hsync+ 43 35 Hsync- 44
18 Pclk+ 49 36 Pclk- 50

Signal

PCS-XE100MA

Pin No.

TX20A-36PH1-D2P1-D1

Pin No.

Signal

PCS-XE100MA

Pin No.

■ Dimensional outline (unit: mm)

PCS-XE100MA

51

5000 ± 140

36

11819

36-PIN CABLE

100

TX20A-36PH1-D2P1-D1

PCS-XEM100LU2

Note) This product was not designed and manufactured for use as a medical X-ray device. System manufacturers must take

responsibility for obtaining MHW or FDA approval when incorporating this product into a medical diagnostics system.

1

50

KACCA0097EA

Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions.

HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Solid State Division
1126-1 Ichino-cho, Hamamatsu City, 435-8558 Japan, Telephone: [phone], Fax: [phone], http://www.hamamatsu.com

U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P.O.Box 6910, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: [phone], Fax: [phone]
Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: [phone], Fax: [phone]
France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: [phone], Fax: [phone]
United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: [phone], Fax: [phone]
North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvägen 12, SE-171 41 Solna, Sweden, Telephone: [phone], Fax: [phone]
Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: [phone], Fax: [phone]

Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2002 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.

Cat. No. KACC1066E01
Feb. 2002 DN

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