POUR ÉVITER LES CHOC ÉLECTRIQUES, INTRODUIRE LA
LAME LA PLUS LARGE DE LA FICHE DANS LA BORNE
CORRESPONDANTE DE LA PRISES ET POUSSER JUSQU’AU
FOND.
2
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS (CONTINUED)
he lightning flash with arrowhead symbol
T
CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
AUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE
C
COVER (OR BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
EFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
R
(This Caution Marking is located at the rear enclosure of the unit.)
WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
Before using the unit, be sure to read all operating instructions carefully. Please note that these are general precautions and may
not pertain to your unit. For example, this unit may not have the capability to be connected to an outdoor antenna.
1.READ INSTRUCTIONS
All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the product is operated.
2.RETAIN INSTRUCTIONS
The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference.
3.HEED WARNINGS
All warnings on the product and in the operating instructions should be adhered to.
4.FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS
All operating and use instructions should be followed.
5.CLEANING
Unplug this product from the wall outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid cleaners or aerosol cleaners. Use a dry cloth for cleaning.
6.ATTACHMENTS
Do not use attachments not recommended by the product's manufacturer as they may cause hazards.
7.WATER AND MOISTURE
Do not use this product near water–for example: near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink or laundry tub; in a wet basement; or near a
swimming pool.
8.ACCESSORIES
Do not place this product on an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket or table. The product may fall, causing serious
injury and serious damage to the product. Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket or table recommended by the
manufacturer or sold with the product. Any mounting of the product should follow the manufacturer’s instructions, and
should use a mounting accessory recommended by the manufacturer.
8A. An appliance and cart combination should be moved with care. Quick stops, excessive force and uneven surfaces
may cause the appliance and cart combination to overturn.
9.VENTILATION
Slots and openings in the cabinet and in the back or bottom are provided for ventilation, to ensure reliable operation
of the product and to protect it from overheating. These openings must not be blocked or covered. The openings
should never be blocked by placing the product on a bed, sofa, rug or other similar surface. This product should never be placed near
or over a radiator or heat source. This product should not be placed in a built-in installation such as a bookcase or rack unless proper
ventilation is provided or the manufacturer's instructions have been adhered to.
10. POWER SOURCES
This product should be operated only from the type of power source indicated on the marking label. If you are not sure of the type of
power supply to your home, consult your appliance dealer or local power company. For products intended to operate from battery
power, or other sources, refer to the operating instructions.
11. GROUNDING OR POLARIZATION
This product is equipped with a polarized alternating-current line plug (a plug having one blade wider than the other). This plug will fit
This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug fully into the outlet, try reversing the
into the power outlet only one way
plug. If the plug should still fail to fit, contact your electrician to replace your obsolete outlet. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the
polarized plug.
12. POWER-CORD PROTECTION
Power-supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them,
paying particular attention to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the appliance.
13. LIGHTNING
To protect your product from a lightning storm, or when it is left unattended and unused for long periods of time, unplug it from the wall
outlet and disconnect the antenna or cable system. This will prevent damage to the product due to lightning and power-line surges.
14. POWER LINES
An outside antenna system should not be located in the vicinity of overhead power lines or other electric light or power circuits, or
where it can fall into such power lines or circuits. When installing an outside antenna system, extreme care should be taken to keep
from touching such power lines or circuits as contact with them might be fatal.
.
within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert
he user to the presence of uninsulated
t
dangerous voltage within the product’s
enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to
constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.
The exclamation point within an equilateral
triangle is intended to alert the user to the
presence of important operating and
maintenance (servicing) instructions in the
literature accompanying the appliance.
3
ANTENNA
LEAD IN
WIRE
ANTENNA
DISCHARGE UNIT
(NEC SECTION 810-20)
GROUNDING CONDUCTORS
(NEC SECTION 810-21)
GROUND CLAMPS
POWER SERVICE GROUNDING
ELECTRODE SYSTEM
(NEC ART 250, PART H)
NEC - NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
ELECTRIC
SERVICE
EQUIPMENT
GROUND
CLAMP
S2898A
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS (CONTINUED)
15. OVERLOADING
o not overload wall outlets and extension cords as this can result in a risk of fire or electric shock.
D
16. OBJECT AND LIQUID ENTRY
Never push objects of any kind into this product through openings as they may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts that could
result in fire or electric shock. Never spill or spray
any type of liquid on the product.
17. OUTDOOR ANTENNA GROUNDING
If an outside antenna is connected to the
product, be sure the antenna system is
grounded so as to provide some protection
gainst voltage surges and built-up static
a
charges. Section 810 of the National Electric
Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, provides information with
respect to proper grounding of the mast and
upporting structure, grounding of the lead-in
s
wire to an antenna discharge product, size of
grounding conductors, location of antenna
discharge product, connection to grounding
electrodes and requirements for grounding
electrodes.
18. SERVICING
Do not attempt to service this product yourself as
opening or removing covers may expose you to
dangerous voltage or other hazards. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.
19. REPLACEMENT PARTS
When replacement parts are required, be sure the service technician uses replacement parts specified by the manufacturer or those that
have the same characteristics as the original part. Unauthorized substitutions may result in fire, electric shock or other hazards.
20. SAFETY CHECK
Upon completion of any service or repairs to this product, ask the service technician to perform safety checks to determine that the
product is in proper operating condition.
21. WALL OR CEILING MOUNTING
The product should be mounted to a wall or ceiling only as recommended by the manufacturer.
22. DAMAGE REQUIRING SERVICE
Unplug the product from the wall outlet and refer servicing to qualified service personnel under the following conditions:
a. When the power-supply cord or plug is damaged.
b. If liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the product.
c. If the product has been exposed to rain or water.
d. If the product does not operate normally by following the operating instructions. Adjust only those controls that are covered
by the operating instructions, as an adjustment of other controls may result in damage and will often require extensive work by a qualified
technician to restore the product to its normal operation.
e. If the product has been dropped or the cabinet has been damaged.
f. When the product exhibits a distinct change in performance–this indicates a need for service.
23. HEAT
The product should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves or other products (including
amplifiers) that produce heat.
24. NOTE TO CATV SYSTEM INSTALLER
This reminder is provided to call the CATV system installer's attention to Article 820-40 of the NEC that provides guidelines for proper
grounding and, in particular, specifies that the cable ground shall be connected to the grounding system of the building, as close to the
point of cable entry as practical.
EXAMPLE OF
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
ANTENNA GROUNDING AS PER
4
POWER SOURCE
AC Plug
AC Outlet
Insert the AC plug (with the 2 blades) into a conveniently located AC outlet having
120V, 60Hz.
NOTE: The AC plug supplied with the unit is polarized to help minimize the possibility
of electric shock. If the AC plug does not fit into a nonpolarized AC outlet, do not file
or cut the wide blade. It is the user’s responsibility to have an electrician replace the
obsolete outlet.
LOCATION OF CONTROLS
FRONT
1. Audio 1 IN/Video 1 IN/Headphone Jacks
(Side of Unit)
2. MENU Button
3. TV/AV Button
4. VOLUME Down Button
5. VOLUME Up Button
7. CHANNEL Up Button
8. Display
9. Remote Sensor
10.Power Indicator–Standby light red, Power On
light green
11. Power Button
6. CHANNEL Down Button
NOTE:
When setting the TV Menus, the Channel Up/Down buttons are used as Navigation Up/Down and the
Volume Up/Down buttons are used as Navigation Right/Left.
5
345
2
6
1
REAR
LOCATION OF CONTROLS (CONTINUED)
1. Video OUT Jack
2. Audio OUT Jacks
3. S-Video IN Jack
REMOTE
4. Video 2 IN Jack
5. Audio 2 IN Jacks
6. Antenna Jack
1.MENU Button
2.VOLUME Up/Down Buttons
3.RECALL Button
4.TV/AV Button
5.P. STD (Picture) Button
6.Power Button
7.CHANNEL Up/Down Buttons
8.Direct Channel Selection Buttons (0-9)
9.-/-- Button
10. MTS/SAP Button
11. MUTE Button
12. DISPLAY Button
13. EXIT Button
NOTE:
When setting the TV Menus, the Channel
Up/Down buttons are used as Navigation
Up/Down and the Volume Up/Down buttons
are used as Navigation Right/Left.
6
REMOTE CONTROL
BATTERY INSTALLATION
1.
Remove the Battery Compartment cover by pushing in on the tab and
lifting the cover off.
2. Install two (2) “AA” batteries (not included), paying attention to the
polarity diagram in the Battery Compartment.
3. Replace the Battery Compartment cover.
BATTERY PRECAUTIONS
Follow these precautions when using batteries in this device:
1. Use only the size and type of batteries specified.
2. Be sure to follow the correct polarity when installing the batteries as indicated next to the battery compartment.
Reversed batteries may cause damage to the device.
3. Do not mix different types of batteries together (e.g. Alkaline, Rechargeable and Carbon-zinc) or old batteries with
fresh ones.
4. If the device is not to be used for a long period of time, remove the batteries to prevent damage or injury from
possible battery leakage.
5. Do not try to recharge batteries not intended to be recharged; they can overheat and rupture. (Follow battery
manufacturer’s directions.)
EFFECTIVE DISTANCE OF THE REMOTE CONTROL TRANSMITTER
7
NOTES:
• When there is an obstacle
between the TV and the
transmitter, the transmitter may
not operate.
When direct sunlight, an
•
incandescent lamp, fluorescent
lamp or any other strong light
shines on the Remote Sensor
of the TV, the remote operation
may be unstable.
ANTENNA CONNECTIONS
AUDIO/VIDEO Cord
(Not Supplied)
EXTERNAL SOURCE
(i.e. camcorder, video game)
OUTDOOR VHF/UHF ANTENNA CONNECTION (ANTENNA NOT INCLUDED)
Follow the instructions for the type of antenna system you intend to use. If using Cable or satellite, see the next page.
Connect the 75 ohm cable from
combination VHF/UHF antenna to the
antenna jack.
OR
If your combination antenna has a 300
ohm twin-lead wire, use a 300-75 ohm
matching transformer (NOT SUPPLIED).
Combination VHF/UHF
Antenna (Separate VHF and
UHF 300 ohm twin-leads)
Connect the UHF twin-lead wire to a
combiner (NOT SUPPLIED). Connect
the VHF twin-lead to a 300-75 ohm
matching transformer (NOT SUPPLIED).
Attach the transformer to the combiner.
Attach the combiner to the antenna jack.
Separate VHF/UHF Antennas
Connect the 75 ohm cable from the VHF
antenna and the UHF antenna twin-lead
wire to a combiner (NOT SUPPLIED).
Attach the combiner to the antenna jack.
NOTE: If your VHF antenna has a twinlead wire, use a 300-75 ohm matching
transformer, then connect the
transformer to the combiner.
CONNECTION USING THE SIDE AUDIO/VIDEO IN JACKS
The optimal use for the side A/V jacks are to connect an A/V component that is used only occasionally, such as a
camcorder or video game. Connect the Audio/Video output jacks of the external unit to the Audio 1 Input jacks and the Video 1
Input jack.
To access the unit connected to
these jacks, press the TV/AV
button repeatedly until VIDEO 1
appears on the screen. To
resume normal TV viewing,
simply press the TV/AV button
repeatedly until the TV channel
appears in the display.
FAQs:
My external unit has only 1 audio jack, but this unit has two Audio Input jacks, how do I connect it?
Simply connect it to the “L (Mono)” Audio Input jack, but the sound will be monaural.
How do I watch the external unit connected to the Audio/Video Input jacks?
Press the TV/AV button repeatedly until VIDEO 1 appears on the screen, then start the external source.
Are the cables included?
No, the cables are sold separately, visit your local electronics store.
8
CABLE (CATV)/SATELLITE CONNECTIONS
INCOMING75 OHMCATV CABLE
SPLITTERA/B SWITCH
75 OHM CABLE
CONVERTER/DESCRAMBLER
CONVERTER/
DESCRAMBLER OR
SATELLITE BOX
75 OHM CABLE
TO TV/VCR
INCOMING
75 OHM
CATV CABLE
his TV has an extended tuning range and can tune most cable channels without using a Cable TV converter box. Some
T
Cable TV companies offer “premium pay channels” in which the signal is scrambled. Descrambling these signals for normal
viewing requires the use of a descrambler device which is generally provided by the cable company.
FOR SUBSCRIBERS TO BASIC CABLE TV SERVICE
For basic cable service not requiring a converter/descrambler box,
connect the CATV 75 ohm coaxial cable to the VHF/UHF jack on the
rear of the TV.
FOR SUBSCRIBERS TO SCRAMBLED CABLE TV SERVICE OR SATELLITE
If you subscribe to a satellite service or a cable TV service which requires the use of a converter/descrambler box, connect
the incoming 75 ohm coaxial cable to the converter/descrambler box. Using another 75 ohm cable, connect the output of
the converter/descrambler or satellite box to the antenna jack on the TV. Follow the connections shown below. Set the
TV/VCR to the output channel of the converter/descrambler or satellite box (usually 3 or 4) and use the
converter/descrambler or satellite box to select channels.
FOR SUBSCRIBERS TO UNSCRAMBLED BASIC CABLE TV SERVICE WITH SCRAMBLED
PREMIUM CHANNELS
If you subscribe to a satellite service or a cable TV service in which basic channels are unscrambled and premium channels
require the use of a converter/descrambler box, you may wish to use a signal splitter and an
cable company or an electronic supply store). Follow the connections shown below. With the switch in the “B” position, you can
directly tune any nonscrambled channels on your TV. With the switch in the “A” position, tune your TV to the output of the
converter/descrambler box (usually channel 3 or 4) and use the converter/descrambler box to tune scrambled channels.
FAQ:
I connected my cable, but why can’t I get channels above 69?
Make sure the TV (VHF/UHF Channels)/CA
your cable company broadcasts channels in the range you are searching.
TV (Cable
TV) option is set to CATV (Cable TV), see page 21. Also, make sure
A/B switch box (available from the
9
CONNECTION FROM AN EXTERNAL UNIT
VCR
I
NCOMING CATV CABLE
F
rom VCR OUT jack
VCR/DVD
AUDIO/VIDEO Cord
From VCR OUT jacks
INCOMING CATV
CABLE (VCR)
CONNECTION USING COAXIAL CABLE:
Follow the instructions below to connect an external unit, such as a VCR, to your unit using a 75 ohm coaxial cable. (CABLES
NOT INCLUDED.)
VCR
1. Connect the cable, satellite or incoming antenna to the VHF/UHF IN jack on the rear of the VCR.
2. Connect a 75 ohm coaxial cable from the VCR’s 75 ohm OUT jack to the ANT jack on the rear of the TV.
3. Press the TV/AV button until regular TV or CATV channel appears on the TV screen and press PLAY on the VCR to
watch a tape.
CONNECTION USING AUDIO/VIDEO CABLES:
Follow the instructions below to connect an external unit, such as a VCR or a DVD player, to your unit using Audio/Video
cables. (CABLES NOT INCLUDED.)
VCR or DVD player
1. Connect the cable, satellite or incoming antenna to the VHF/UHF IN jack on the rear of the VCR or DVD player.
2. Connect the left and right audio cable from the VCR/DVD’s Audio OUT jacks to the TV’s left and right Audio 2 IN jacks.
Connect the VCR/DVD’s Video OUT jack to the TV’s VIDEO 2 IN jack.
3. Press the TV/AV button until VIDEO 2 appears on the TV screen.
10
CONNECTION FROM AN EXTERNAL UNIT (CONTINUED)
VCR/DVD
AUDIO Cord
From VCR OUT jacks
I
NCOMING CATV
C
ABLE (VCR)
To S-VIDEO IN jack
VIDEO CORD (not supplied)
VIDEO OUT Jack
VIDEO IN Jack
CONNECTION USING S-VIDEO CABLE:
Follow the instructions below to connect an S-VIDEO VCR/DVD to your television using an S-video cable. (CABLES NOT
INCLUDED.)
1. For VCR, connect the cable, satellite or incoming antenna to the ANT jack on the rear of the VCR.
2. Connect the left and right audio cable from the DVD/ VCR’s Audio OUT jacks to the TV’s left and right AUDIO 2 IN
jacks.
3. Connect the DVD/VCR’s S-VIDEO OUT jack to the TV’s S-VIDEO IN jack.
4. Press the TV/AV button until S-VHS appears on the TV screen.
CONNECTION TO AN EXTERNAL UNIT
CONNECTION USING THE AUDIO/VIDEO OUT JACKS:
Follow the instructions below to connect an external audio unit. This will output the sound from the TV into the external audio
unit’s speakers.
1. Connect the left and right audio cable from the Amplifier’s Audio IN jacks to this unit’s AUDIO OUT jacks.
2. If desired, connect an external unit’s Video IN jack to this unit’s Video OUT jack.
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will appear.
Press the CHANNEL Up
2 or Down 3 button until the desired
picture setting is selected (PICTURE, BRIGHTNESS,
COLOR, SHARPNESS, HUE).
NOTE: The HUE option is only available while there is input
signal to VIDEO 1, VIDEO 2 & SVHS mode.
3
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until COLOR
TEMP is selected.
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to adjust the
setting.
When done, press the MENU button 3 once to return to the
Video menu.
4
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the
desired color balance (COOL, NEUTRAL or WARM). When
done, press the MENU button
3 twice to exit the menus.
AUDIO SETUP MENU:
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
select the Audio setting.
NOTES:
•To exit the menus, press the EXIT button.
•Use the Volume Up/Down buttons to adjust the volume directly while in TV/AV mode.
2 or Down 3 button to
2
Press the
CHANNEL
is selected; volume will be highlighted in red. Press the
VOLUME
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
select the Timer setting.
2 or Down 3 button to
3
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the
desired Off hour, then press the CHANNEL Down button 3;
the minutes will be highlighted in red.
2
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until TIME
OFF is selected; the hours will be highlighted in red.
4
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the
desired Off minute. When done, press the EXIT button 3 to
exit the menus.
NOTE:
•When the actual time matches the “Off time”, the unit will automatically turn off.
SETTING THE SLEEP TIMER
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
select the Timer setting.
Down
5 button until SLEEP TIME is selected.
2 or Down 3 button to
Press the
CHANNEL Up
4 or
2
Press the VOLUME
T
Sleep
menus.
0, the unit will turn of
NOTE: For the Sleep Timer, you can select from 0-180. For
example, set to 10 for the unit to turn of
minutes; set to 180 or the unit to turn off automatically after
180 minutes.
15
Up
1 or Down 2 butto
ime. When done, press the EXIT
The sleep timer will count down and when it reaches
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
select the Timer setting.
2 or Down 3 button to
3
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the
desired Remind hour, then press the CHANNEL Down
button 3; the minutes will be highlighted in red.
2
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until REMIND
TIME is selected; the hours will be highlighted in red.
4
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the
desired Remind minute.
5
Press the CHANNEL Down button 1, CH.SWITCH will be
highlighted in red. Press the VOLUME Up
button
to when the actual time reaches the Remind Time. When
done, press the MENU button
menus.
NOTE:
•When the actual time matches the “Remind time”, the TV will switch to the channel which you set. This is useful so that
you won't miss a favorite TV program while you are watching another program on a different channel.
to set the desired channel which you want to switch
2 or Down 3
4 repeatedly to exit the
16
3
1
2
VNR OnFade OffC
.Caption CC1
D
emo Mode
S
Language EnglishEnglish
Background On
Black Stretch On
VNR On
Fade Off
C. Caption CC1
Demo Mode
Setup
5
2
3
1
4
3
1
2
Language EnglishBackground OnBlack Stretch OnV
NR OnFade OffC. Caption CC1Demo Mode
Setup
Language EnglishEnglishBackground OnBlack Stretch OnVNR OnFade OffC. Caption CC1Demo Mode
Setup
Language English
Background
OnOn
Black Stretch On
VNR On
Fade Off
C. Caption CC1
Demo Mode
Setup
5
2
3
1
4
3
1
2
Language EnglishBackground OnBlack Stretch OnVNR OnFade OffC. Caption CC1Demo Mode
Setup
Language EnglishEnglishBackground OnBlack Stretch OnVNR OnFade OffC. Caption CC1Demo Mode
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
select the Setup setting. Press the CHANNEL Up 4 or
Down 5 button until LANGUAGE is selected.
SETTING THE BACKGROUND (TV/CATV MODE ONLY)
2 or Down 3 button to
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up 2 or Down 3 button to
select the Setup setting. Press the CHANNEL Up 4 or
Down
5 butto
n until BACKGROUND is selected.
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the
desired Language (ENGLISH, FRENCH or SPANISH).
When done, press the EXIT button 3 to exit the menus.
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to turn the
Background ON (the background will be blue if no signal is
received) or OFF. When done, press the EXIT button 3 to
exit the menus.
SETTING THE BLACK STRETCH
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the V
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
select the Setup setting. Press the CHANNEL Up
Down
5 button until BLACK STRETCH is selected.
2 or Down 3 button to
ideo menu will
4 or
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to turn the
Background ON (the contrast range will automatically be
increased) or OFF. When done, press the EXIT button 3 to
exit the menus.
17
3
1
2
F
ade OffC. Caption CC1Demo Mode
S
Language English
B
ackground On
Black Stretch On
VNR
OnOn
Fade Off
C. Caption CC1
Demo Mode
Setup
5
2
3
1
4
3
1
2
Language EnglishB
ackground On
Black Stretch
OnOnVNR OnFade OffC. Caption CC1Demo Mode
S
etup
Language EnglishBackground OnBlack Stretch OnVNR
OnOnFade OffC. Caption CC1Demo Mode
Setup
Language English
Background On
Black Stretch On
VNR On
Fade
OffOff
C. Caption CC1
Demo Mode
Setup
5
2
3
1
4
SETTING THE MENUS (CONTINUED)
SETTING THE VNR (VIDEO NOISE REDUCTION)
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
select the Setup setting. Press the CHANNEL Up 4 or
Down 5 button until VNR is selected.
2 or Down 3 button to
SETTING THE FADE
1
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to turn the VNR
ON (this will allow the picture tube to warm up and gently
turn on, thus increasing the life of the picture tube) or OFF.
When done, press the EXIT
button
3 to exit the menus.
2
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up 2 or Down 3 button to
select the Setup setting. Press the CHANNEL Up 4 or
Down 5 button until FADE is selected.
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to turn the
Fade ON (While the Fade function is on, the picture will
is turned on and fade out when it is
fade in when the
turned off.) or OFF. When done, press the EXIT button
exit the menus.
18
TV
3 to
3
1
2
Fade OffOffC. Caption CC1Demo Mode
S
Language English
B
ackground On
Black Stretch On
VNR On
Fade Off
C. Caption
CC1CC1
Demo Mode
S
etup
5
2
3
1
4
Language EnglishB
ackground OnB
lack Stretch OnVNR OnFade
OffOffC. Caption CC1D
emo Mode
Setup
Language EnglishBackground OnBlack Stretch OnVNR OnFade OffC. Caption
CC1CC1Demo Mode
Setup
Language English
Background On
Black Stretch On
VNR On
Fade Off
C. Caption CC1
Demo ModeDemo Mode
Setup
5
2
3
1
4
SETTING THE MENUS (CONTINUED)
SETTING THE CLOSED CAPTIONS
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
select the Setup setting. Press the CHANNEL Up
Down 5 butto
n until C. CAPTION is selected.
2 or Down 3 button to
SETTING THE TV TO DEMO MODE
1
4 or
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to turn Closed
Captions off or on and select a mode (see page 31 for
details). When done, press the EXIT button 3 to exit the
menus.
2
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up 2 or Down 3 button to
select the Setup setting. Press the CHANNEL Up 4 or
Down 5 button until DEMO MODE is selected.
3
To stop Demo mode, press the EXIT button.
Press the VOLUME Up button to activate the Demo mode;
the unit will then enter the Demo mode and the screen will
show various features.
19
3
1
2
Current Ch. 13F
ine
Auto Program
C
Channel System AutoAuto
A
ntenna CATV
Skip Off
Current Ch. 13
Fine
Auto Program
Channel
5
2
3
1
4
1
2
Channel System AutoA
ntenna
C
ATVCATVSkip OffCurrent Ch. 13FineAuto Program
Channel
Channel System AutoAntenna CATVSkip
OffOffCurrent Ch. 13FineAuto Program
Channel
Channel System Auto
Antenna CATV
Skip Off
Current Ch.
1313
Fine
Auto Program
Channel
5
2
3
1
4
3
1
2
A
uto Program
C
Channel System AutoAntenna
CATVCATVSkip OffC
urrent Ch. 13FineAuto Program
Channel
Channel System AutoAntenna CATVSkip
OffOffCurrent Ch. 13FineAuto Program
Channel
Channel System AutoAntenna CATVSkip OffCurrent Ch.
1313FineAuto Program
Channel
Channel System Auto
Antenna CATV
Skip Off
Current Ch. 13
FineFine
Auto Program
Channel
1
2
3
CHANNEL SETUP MENU:
SETTING THE CHANNEL SYSTEM
SETTING THE MENUS (CONTINUED)
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will appear.
Press the VOLUME Up 2 or Down 3 button to select the
Channel Setting. Press the CHANNEL Up 4 or Down 5
button until CHANNEL SYSTEM is selected.
SETTING THE FINE TUNING
1
While in the TV mode, press the MENU button 1 once; the
Video menu will appear
3 button to select the Channel Setting. Press the
CHANNEL
selected.
. Press the VOLUME Up
Up
4 or Down 5 butto
n until CURRENT CH. is
2 or Down
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the desired
Channel System (AUTO, NTSC or NTSC443). When done,
press the EXIT button
NOTE: In the USA, the system is NTSC.
3 to exit the menus.
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to select a
desired channel to fine tune.
3
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 butto
selected, then press the VOLUME Up button
n until FINE is
3.
4
Fine tune the channel using the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2
button. When done, press the EXIT button 3 to exit the
menus.
20
SETTING THE MENUS (CONTINUED)
Channel System AutoAutoA
ntenna CATVSkip OffCurrent Ch. 13FineAuto Program
Channel
Channel System Auto
Antenna
CATVCATV
Skip Off
Current Ch. 13
Fine
Auto Program
Channel
5
2
3
1
4
1
2
g
Channel System AutoAntenna CATVS
kip Off
C
urrent Ch.
1
313FineAuto Program
C
hannel
Channel System AutoAntenna CATVSkip OffCurrent Ch. 13FineFineAuto Program
Channel
Channel System Auto
Antenna CATV
Skip Off
Current Ch. 13
Fine
Auto ProgramAuto Program
Channel
1
2
2
1
SETTING CHANNELS INTO MEMORY
This unit is equipped with a channel memory feature which allows channels to skip up or down to the next channels set into
emory, skipping over unwanted channels. Before selecting channels, they must be programmed into the unit’s memory. In
m
addition to normal VHF/UHF channels, this unit can receive up to 125 Cable TV channels.
1
While in the TV mode, press the MENU button 1 once; the
Video menu will appear. Press the VOLUME Up
3 button to select the Channel Setting. Press the
CHANNEL Up 4 or Down 5 button until ANTENNA is
selected.
3
2 or Down
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to select TV
(VHF/UHF Channels) or CATV (Cable TV).
4
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until AUTO
PROGRAM is selected.
FAQs:
How many channels will I actually receive?
The actual number of channels that can be received depends on how many channels your cable or satellite company, or
local area, provides. Contact your company to determine the number of channels in your area.
Press the VOLUME Up button 1to start Auto
Programming and the unit will automatically cycle through
all the channels and store active channels into memory.
When finished, press the EXIT button 2 to exit the menu
settings.
21
SETTING THE MENUS (CONTINUED)
1
2
C
hannel System AutoAntenna CATVSkip
OffOffCurrent Ch. 13FineAuto Program
C
Channel System Auto
Antenna CATV
Skip Off
Current Ch.
1313
Fine
Auto Program
Channel
5
2
3
1
4
3
1
2
Channel System AutoAutoAntenna CATVSkip OffCurrent Ch. 13FineA
uto Program
Channel
Channel System AutoAntenna
CATVCATVSkip OffCurrent Ch. 13FineAuto Program
Channel
Channel System Auto
Antenna CATV
Skip
OffOff
Current Ch. 13
Fine
Auto Program
Channel
1
2
ADDING AND DELETING CHANNELS
After setting channels into memory, you can add or delete channels as follows:
1
While in the TV mode, press the MENU button 1 once; the
Video menu will appear. Press the VOLUME Up
3 button to select the Channel Setting. Press the
CHANNEL Up
selected.
3
4 or Down 5 button until CURRENT CH. is
2 or Down
2
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to select a
desired channel to add or delete.
4
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until SKIP is
selected.
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to turn Skip
feature ON (to skip the channel) or OFF (to memorize the
channel). When done, press the EXIT button
menus.
22
3 to exit the
20052005 61
s
m t w t f s
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
Calendar
1
213 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
C
1
2
3
4
2005 6 1
s m t w t f s
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
Calendar
2
3
1
2005200561
s
mtwtfs
1234
5
67891011
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
Calendar
2005 6 1
smtwtfs
1
234
567891011
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
Calendar
2005 6 11
s
m t w t f s
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
Calendar
3
1
2
2005200561
smtwtfs
1
234
567891011
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
Calendar
2005 6 1
s m t w t f s
1234
567891011
1
213 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
C
2005 6 1
s m t w t f s
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1
2 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
Calendar
3
1
2
CALENDAR SETUP MENU:
SETTING THE MENUS (CONTINUED)
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up
2 or Down 3 button to
select the Calendar setting.
3
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the
month, then press the CHANNEL Down button 3; the day
will be highlighted.
2
Press the CHANNEL Down button 1 until the year is
selected. Press the VOLUME Up
2 or Down 3 button to set
the year, then press the CHANNEL Down button 1; the
month will be highlighted.
4
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to set the day.
When done, press the EXIT button 3 to exit the menus.
23
TV PARENTAL CONTROL
5
2
3
1
4
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
Password --------
Password
Password --------
P
assword
Password --------
Password
Parental Lock Off
TV Rating
MPAA Rating
Lock Menu
Change PasswordChange Password
Parental Lock OffParental Lock Off
TV Rating
MPAA Rating
Lock Menu
Change Password
Parental Lock
V-Chip enables parents to prevent their children from watching inappropriate material on TV. V-Chip reads the ratings for
programming (except for news, sports, unedited movies on premium cable and Emergency System signals), then denies
access to programming if the program’s rating meets the limitations you select. In this case, the program will be blocked.
PARENTAL CONTROL SET-UP
1
Press the MENU button 1 once; the Video menu will
appear. Press the VOLUME Up 2 or Down 3 button to
select the Password. Press the CHANNEL Up
5 butto
n until PASSWORD is highlighted in red.
3
4 or Down
2
You will be prompted to enter the password to enter this
menu. Enter the four digit password (The default password
is 0000) using the Direct Channel Selection/Number (0-9)
buttons.
4
TO CHANGE THE PASSWORD: After entering the menu,
press the
PASSWORD is selected, then press the VOLUME Up button
3.
CHANNEL Up
1 or Down 2 butto
n until CHANGE
5
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until
PARENTAL LOCK is selected.
NOTE: To exit the menus, press the Exit button.
Using the Direct Channel Selection/Number (0-9) buttons,
enter the desired password, then enter again to confirm
and make sure to write it down.
6
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 button to turn
PARENTAL LOCK option On or Off.
24
Parental Lock Off
T
VRating
M
PAA RatingLock MenuChange Password
P
Parental Lock Off
TV RatingTV Rating
MPAA Rating
Lock Menu
C
hange Password
P
arental Lock
1
2
3
4
TV RATING SET-UP
2
3
4
1
5
1
2
3
Parental Lock OffParental Lock OffT
VRating
M
PAA RatingLock MenuChange Password
Parental Lock
Parental Lock OffTV RatingTV RatingM
PAA RatingLock MenuChange Password
Parental Lock
Rating FV D L S V
TV-Y > B
TV-Y7 B B
TV-G B
TV-PG B B B B B
TV-14 B B B B B
TV-MA B B B B
Rating FV D L S V
TV-Y > B
TV-Y7 B B
TV-G B
TV-PG B B B B B
TV-14 B B B B B
TV-MA B B B B
TV Rating
TV PARENTAL CONTROL (CONTINUED)
1
Enter the Parental Lock menu and turn on the V-chip option
as described on page 24 (steps 1 and 2).
3
2
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until TV
RATING is selected, then the VOLUME Up
3 or Down 4
button to select it.
4
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button to select a
rating and then the VOLUME Up button 3 to BLOCK
(ratings at or above cannot be viewed) or UNBLOCK
(ratings at or under can be viewed).
Y:All ages
Y7:Ages 7 and up
G:General
Audience
PG:Parental Guidance
MA:Mature
less than 14 years
old
Only
14:Parental Guidance
"B" is Blocked and "U" is Unblocked.
Audiences
You can also block some or all criteria for each level for
Fantasy Violence (FV), Sexual Dialogue (D), Language (L),
Sexual Situations (S) or Violence (V).
Using the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button, select the
desired criteria (to reach the criteria, cycle through the
columns using these buttons), then press the VOLUME Up
button 3 to turn the option On or Off.
When finished, press the Menu button 4 to return to the
Parental Lock menu or press the Exit button 5 to exit the
menus.
25
TV-G BT
V-PG B B B B BTV-14 B B B B BTV-MA B B B B
T
P
arental Lock Off
TV Rating
MPAA RatingMPAA Rating
Lock Menu
Change Password
Enter the Parental Lock menu and turn on the V-chip option
as described on page 24 (steps 1 and 2).
3
2
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until MPAA
RATING is selected, then press the VOLUME Up
Down 4 button to select it.
3 or
4
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button to select a
rating and then the VOLUME Down button
(ratings at or above cannot be viewed) or UNBLOCK
(ratings at or under can be viewed).
When finished, press the Menu button 1 to return to the
Parental Lock menu or press the Exit button 2 to exit the
menus.
26
PG BPG-13 BR
BNC-17 BX
B
Parental Lock Off
TV Rating
MPAA Rating
Lock MenuLock Menu
C
hange Password
Parental Lock
1
2
LOCK MENU
3
4
1
2
AV Lock OnOn
Program Lock
OnOn
Lock
1
2
TV PARENTAL CONTROL (CONTINUED)
1
Enter the Parental Lock menu and turn on the V-chip option
as described on page 24 (steps 1 and 2).
3
2
Press the CHANNEL Up 1 or Down 2 button until LOCK
MENU is selected.
3
Press the VOLUME Up 1 or Down 2 to enter the Lock
menu. Press the CHANNEL Up 3 or Down 4 button to
select AV Lock or Program Lock. Press the VOLUME Up 1
or Down 2 to turn the option ON or OFF.
NOTE: When AV Lock is ON, the Audio/Video connections will be locked (cannot be used).
For Program Lock, you must select the channel which needs to be locked before entering the Parental Lock menu in step 1.
When Program Lock is ON, the selected channel will be locked.
When finished, press the Menu button 1 to return to the
Parental Lock menu or press the Exit button 2 to exit the
menus.
27
TV BASIC OPERATION
1
2
2
3
1
4
1
2
1
Press the POWER button 1 on the remote, or front of the
unit, to turn on the unit; the POWER indicator will light
green. Press the TV/AV button 2 repeatedly to select the
TV mode.
3
2
TV:
CATV: If using Cable
Change the Antenna option to select between TV or CATV.
Select TV if using VHF/UHF antenna, and select CATV if
using Cable TV (see page 21, steps 1 and 2).
OPTIONS
If using a
VHF/UHF
antenna.
TV.
4
Adjust the volume level by pressing the VOLUME Up 1 or
Down 2 button.
NOTES:
•When ANTENNA option is set to AIR, only channels
up to 69 can be chosen. When set to CABLE,
channels up to 125 can be chosen.
FAQs:
Why do I only receive 69 channels, when my cable goes much higher?
The TV/CATV option must be set to CATV when using cable, see step 2 above.
Why are some channels scrambled?
You must subscribe to these channels through your cable company.
HEADPHONE JACK (SIDE OF UNIT)
For private listening, connect 3.5mm (32 ohm) stereo headphones (not included) to this jack. The speakers are automatically disconnected
when the headphone plug is inserted in the jack.
For proper operation, before selecting channels, they must
be set into the unit’s Program memory, see page 21.
Press and release the CHANNEL Up
The unit automatically stops at the next channel set into
memory.
Direct Program Selection/Number buttons (0-9) 3
Use these buttons to select a channel.
• For Channels 1 through 9, press 1-9 3 as desired.
For Channels 10 through 99, press -/-- button
•
then enter the 2 digit channel number in order.
• For Channels 100 through 125, press -/-- button
then enter the 3 digit channel number in order.
1 or Down 2 button.
4 once,
4 twice,
28
TV BASIC OPERATION (CONTINUED)
3
1
2
DISPLAY
1
Press the DISPLAY button once to display the current
information on the screen (Channel number or Video
mode). Press again to clear.
FAQ:
How do I watch the device connected to the side audio/video jacks?
Press the TV/AV button as described in the step at the top left of the next page.
RECALL
1
Press the RECALL button to switch between the present
channel and the last channel chosen.
MUTE
1
Press the Mute button ❶ to turn of
sound will be silenced and “Mute” will appear on the
screen. The sound can be turned back on by pressing this
button again or one of the
buttons; “Mute” will disappear form the screen.
VOLUME Up
f the sound; the TV’s
2 or Down 3
29
TV/AV
1
2
TV BASIC OPERATION (CONTINUED)
VOLUME Buttons
Set the sound as follows:
1
Press to select TV (CATV), VIDEO 1 (Side jacks), VIDEO
2 (Rear jacks) or SVHS (S-Video jack).
P.STD (Picture Standard)
1
1
Press the VOLUME Up 1/Down 2 buttons to adjust the
sound level.
MTS/SAP
1
Press to select between the picture modes (Standard,
Vivid, Personal, Listen {select just to listen, not to watch},
or Movie).
Press to select between Auto Sap (Second Audio
Program), Stereo or Mono.
NOTE: This function is for TV mode only.
30
CLOSED CAPTIONS
WHAT IS CLOSED CAPTIONING?
This television has the capability to decode and display
Closed Captioned television programs. Closed Captioning
will display text on the screen for hearing-impaired viewers or
it will translate and display text in another language.
CLOSED CAPTIONING WITH A VCR
Closed Captioned programs can be recorded and played
back on a VCR with the Closed Captioned text intact. The
Closed Captioned text will disappear during Cue (Fast
Forward Search), Review (Rewind Search) and Pause
modes or if the VCR tracking is not adjusted properly.
TO VIEW CLOSED CAPTIONS
Select the CC option in the menu to switch between normal
TV and the Closed Caption Modes (Captions and Full Screen
Text).
CC1: This Closed Caption Mode will display text on the
screen in English or another language. Generally, Closed
Captions in English are transmitted on Captions 1.
CC2-4: These Closed Caption Modes will display text on the
screen in English or another language. Generally, Closed
Captions in other languages are transmitted on these
channels.
TEXT: The Text Closed Caption Mode will usually fill the
creen with a programming schedule or other information.
s
elect between T1, T2, T3 or T4.
S
fter selecting a Closed Caption Mode, it will stay in effect
A
until it is changed, even if the channel is changed. If the
Captions signal is lost due to a commercial or a break in the
signal, the Captions will reappear when the signal is received
again. If the channels are changed, the Captions will be
delayed approximately 10 seconds.
The Captions will appear in places on the screen where they
will least interfere with the picture, usually on the bottom of
the screen. News programs will usually show three-line
Closed Captions which scroll onto the screen. Most other
shows provide two or three lined Captions placed near the
character who is speaking so the viewer can follow the
dialogue.
Words in italics or underlined describe titles, words in foreign
languages or words requiring emphasis. Words that are sung
usually appear enclosed by musical notes.
For television programs broadcasting with Closed Captions,
look in your TV guide for the Closed Captions symbol (CC).
NOTES:
• When selecting Closed Captions, the captioning will be delayed approximately 10 seconds.
• Misspellings or unusual characters may occasionally appear during Closed Captioning. This is normal with Closed
Captioning, especially with live programs. This is because during live programs, captions are also entered live. These
transmissions do not allow time for editing.
• When Captions are being displayed, on-screen displays, such as Mute, may not be seen or may interfere with Closed
Captions.
• Some cable systems and copy protection systems may interfere with the Closed Captioned signal.
• If using an indoor antenna or if TV reception is very poor, the Closed Caption Decoder may not appear or may appear with
strange characters or misspelled words. In this case, adjust the antenna for better reception or use an outdoor antenna.
FAQs:
When I press the RECALL or MUTE button, the captions do not appear
Yes, this is normal for this unit. Once the display information disappears, the captions will continue.
I entered the Captions mode, but no captions are appearing, why?
If no caption signal is received, no captions will appear
Why is there a big black box on the screen?
urn the captions of
Because you are in a Captions mode.
T
, but the television will remain in the Caption mode.
f, or select a different Captions mode.
, is this normal?
NOTE: To set the CLOSED CAPTIONS option, please see page 19.
31
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Check the following before requesting service.
SYMPTOMPOSSIBLE CAUSEPOSSIBLE SOLUTION
POWER
No power.The AC power cord is notConnect the AC power cord to
connected.the AC outlet.
TV BROADCAST RECEPTION
TV station experiencing problems.Try another channel.
Poor or no picture.Picture control is not adjusted.Check picture control adjustments.
Possible local interference.Check for source of reception disturbance.
Antenna/CATV connector is not connected.Check CATV connection or VHF/UHF antenna.
TV station experiencing problems.Try another channel.
Picture wobbles or drifts.Cable TV channel is scrambled.A cable box needs to be used (if desired).
Possible local interference.Check for source of reception disturbance.
CATV connected incorrectly or not connected. Check all CATV connections.
No CATV reception.ANTENNAoption set to TV.Set ANTENNA option to CATV.
Cable TV service interrupted.Contact your Cable TV company.
No reception above ch13.ANTENNA option set to TV.Set ANTENNA option to CATV.
TV station experiencing problems.Try another channel.
MUTE button is pressed.Press MUTE button again.
Poor or no sound.Possible local interference.Check for source of reception disturbance.
Antenna/CATV connector is not connected.Check CATV connection or VHF/UHF antenna.
Volume is set to minimum.Increase volume.
TV station stopped broadcasting.Tune to a new channel.
TV shuts off.Sleep Timer is set.Turn off Sleep Timer function.
Home circuit breaker is blown.Reset or replace breaker.
TV Signal is weak.Check CATV or VHF/UHF antenna.
Closed Captioning not TV station experiencing problems orTry another channel.
working.program tuned is not closed captioned.
Closed Captioning not turned on.Turn on via the menu.
REMOTE CONTROL
The remote control is not Aim the remote control at the
aimed at the sensor.Remote Sensor.
Distance is too far or too much Operate within 20 feet or reduce
light in the room.
Remote control does There is an obstacle in the Clear the path of the beam.
not operate.path of the beam.
The batteries are weak.Replace the batteries.
The batteries are not insertedInsert correctly.
correctly.
V-CHIP
Parental Control setting is turned off.Turn Parental Control setting on.
Parental Control notNews or sports event being broadcast.Parental Control does not work with news or
working properly.
Ratings not set.
the light in the room.
sporting events.
Set ratings as desired.
32
RECEPTION DISTURBANCES
ost types of television interference can be remedied by adjusting the height and position of the VHF/UHF antenna.
M
Outdoor antennas are recommended for best results if not using cable or a satellite. The most common types of television
interference are shown below. If one of these symptoms appear when the TV is connected to a Cable TV system, the
disturbance may be caused by the local cable company broadcast.
IGNITION:
Black spots or horizontal streaks may appear, picture may flutter or drift.
Usually caused by interference from automobile ignition systems, neon
lamps, electric drills and other electric appliances.
GHOSTS:
Ghosts are caused by the television signal following two paths. One is the
direct path and the other is reflected from tall buildings, hills or other
objects. Changing the direction or position of the antenna may improve the
reception.
SNOW:
If your receiver is located in the fringe area of a television station where the
signal is weak, your picture may be marred by the appearance of small
dots. When the signal is extremely weak, it may be necessary to install an
external antenna to improve the picture.
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE:
This interference produces moving ripples or diagonal streaks, and in some
cases, causes loss of contrast in the picture.
PICTURE SIZE VARIATION:
slight picture size variation is quite normal when you adjust the
A
CONTRAST or BRIGHT setting.
CARE AND MAINTENANCE
To prevent fire or shock hazard, disconnect your unit from the AC power source when cleaning. The finish on the unit may be
cleaned with a dust cloth and cared for as other furniture. Use caution when cleaning and wiping the plastic parts. Mild soap
and a soft, damp cloth may be used.