GW Instek AFG-2000 Quick Start Guide

Arbitrary Function Generator

AFG-2000 Series

USER MANUAL

GW INSTEK PART NO. 82AF-21200EC1

ISO-9001 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER

This manual contains proprietary information, which is protected by
copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be
photocopied, reproduced or translated to another language without
prior written consent of Good Will Corporation.

The information in this manual was correct at the time of printing.
However, Good Will continues to improve its products and therefore
reserves the right to change the specifications, equipment, and
maintenance procedures at any time without notice.

Good Will Instrument Co., Ltd.
No. 7-1, Jhongsing Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City 236, Taiwan.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .................................. 3

GETTING STARTED ......................................... 8

Main Features ..................................................................... 8

Panel Overview .................................................................. 10

Setting up the Function Generator .................................... 16

QUICK REFERENCE ....................................... 18

How to use the Digital Inputs ........................................... 19

Selecting a Waveform ........................................................ 21

ARB ................................................................................... 23

Modulation ........................................................................ 24

Sweep (2100 series only) ................................................... 28

Counter (2100 series only) ................................................ 30

Save/Recall ........................................................................ 31

Default Settings ................................................................ 32

OPERATION .................................................. 34

Select a Waveform ............................................................. 36

Setting the Frequency ........................................................ 36

Setting the Amplitude........................................................ 37

Setting the DC Offset ........................................................ 38

Setting the Duty Cycle/Symmetr y ...................................... 39

Setting the Output Impedance .......................................... 41

Turning the Output On ...................................................... 42

Amplitude Modulation (AM) (AFG-2100 Series) ............... 43

Frequency Modulation (FM) (AFG-2100 Series) ................. 51

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation (AFG-2100 Series)

.......................................................................................... 59

Frequency Sweep (AFG-2100 Series) .................................. 67

Creating an Arbitrary Waveform ......................................... 73

1

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Using the Frequency Counter ............................................. 75

Using the SYNC Output Port ............................................. 77

Save and Recall State/ARB Waveform ................................ 81

REMOTE INTERFACE ..................................... 83

Selecting the USB Remote Interface .................................. 85

Command Syntax ............................................................... 86

Command List ................................................................... 92

System Commands ............................................................ 94

Status Register Commands ................................................ 95

Apply Commands .............................................................. 96

Output Commands .......................................................... 102

Amplitude Modulation (AM) Commands ......................... 110

AM Overview ................................................................... 110

Frequency Modulation (FM) Commands .......................... 114

FM Overview ................................................................... 114

Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Commands ........................ 119

FSK Overview .................................................................. 119

Frequency Sweep Commands........................................... 123

Sweep Overview .............................................................. 123

Frequency Counter Commands ........................................ 128

Arbitrary Waveform Commands ....................................... 130

Arbitrary Waveform Overview .......................................... 130

Save and Recall Commands ............................................. 133

APPENDIX ................................................... 135

Error Messages ............................................................... 135

AFG-2000 Series Specifications ....................................... 137

EC Declaration of Conformity .......................................... 141

INDEX ......................................................... 142

2

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

Warning: Identifies conditions or practices that
could result in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION

Caution: Identifies conditions or practices that
could result in damage to the function generator or
to other objects or property.

DANGER High Voltage

Attention: Refer to the Manual

Protective Conductor Terminal

Earth (Ground) Terminal

DANGER Hot Surface

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

This chapter contains important safety instructions
that should be followed when operating and
storing the function generator. Read the following
before any operation to ensure your safety and to
keep the function generator in the best condition.

Safety Symbols

These safety symbols may appear in this manual or on the
instrument.

3

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Double Insulated

Do not dispose electronic equipment as unsorted
municipal waste. Please use a separate collection
facility or contact the supplier from which this
instrument was purchased.

General
Guideline

CAUTION

 Do not place heavy objects on the instrument.
 Do not place flammable objects on the

instrument.

 Avoid severe impact or rough handling that

may damage the function generator.

 Avoid discharges of static electricity on or near

the function generator.

 Use only mating connectors, not bare wires, for

the terminals.

 The instrument should only be disassembled by

a qualified technician.

(Measurement categories) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies the
measurement categories and their requirements as follows. The
instrument falls under category II.

 Measurement category IV is for measurement performed at the

source of a low-voltage installation.

 Measurement category III is for measurement performed in a

building installation.

 Measurement category II is for measurement performed on

circuits directly connected to a low voltage installation.

 Measurement category I is for measurements performed on

circuits not directly connected to Mains.

Power Supply

WARNING

 AC Input voltage: 100 ~ 240V AC, 50 ~ 60Hz.
 Connect the protective grounding conductor of

the AC power cord to an earth ground to
prevent electric shock.

Safety Guidelines

4

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Fuse

WARNING

 Fuse type: F1A/250V.
 Only qualified technicians should replace the

fuse.

 To ensure fire protection, replace the fuse only

with the specified type and rating.

 Disconnect the power cord and all test leads

before replacing the fuse.

 Make sure the cause of fuse blowout is fixed

before replacing the fuse.

Cleaning the
function
generator

 Disconnect the power cord before cleaning the

function generator.

 Use a soft cloth dampened in a solution of mild

detergent and water. Do not spray any liquid
into the function generator.

 Do not use chemicals containing harsh products

such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and acetone.

Operation
Environment

 Location: Indoor, no direct sunlight, dust free,

almost non-conductive pollution (Note below)
and avoid strong magnetic fields.

 Relative Humidity: < 80%
 Altitude: < 2000m
 Temperature: 0°C to 40°C

(Pollution Degree) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies pollution degrees and
their requirements as follows. The function generator falls under
degree 2.

Pollution refers to “addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid, or

gaseous (ionized gases), that may produce a reduction of dielectric
strength or surface resistivity”.

 Pollution degree 1: No pollution or only dry, non-conductive

pollution occurs. The pollution has no influence.

 Pollution degree 2: Normally only non-conductive pollution

occurs. Occasionally, however, a temporary conductivity caused
by condensation must be expected.

 Pollution degree 3: Conductive pollution occurs, or dry, non-

conductive pollution occurs which becomes conductive due to
condensation which is expected. In such conditions, equipment
is normally protected against exposure to direct sunlight,

5

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

precipitation, and full wind pressure, but neither temperature
nor humidity is controlled.

Storage
environment

 Location: Indoor
 Relative Humidity: < 70%
 Temperature: -10°C to 70°C

Disposal

Do not dispose this instrument as unsorted
municipal waste. Please use a separate collection
facility or contact the supplier from which this
instrument was purchased. Please make sure
discarded electrical waste is properly recycled to
reduce environmental impact.

6

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Green/ Yellow:

Earth

Blue:

Neutral

Brown:

Live (Phase)

Power cord for the United Kingdom

When using the function generator in the United Kingdom, make sure the
power cord meets the following safety instructions.

NOTE: This lead/appliance must only be wired by competent persons

WARNING: THIS APPLIANCE MUST BE EARTHED
IMPORTANT: The wires in this lead are coloured in accordance with the
following code:

As the colours of the wires in main leads may not correspond with the
coloured marking identified in your plug/appliance, proceed as follows:

The wire which is coloured Green & Yellow must be connected to the Earth
terminal marked with either the letter E, the earth symbol or coloured

Green/Green & Yellow.

The wire which is coloured Blue must be connected to the terminal which is
marked with the letter N or coloured Blue or Black.

The wire which is coloured Brown must be connected to the terminal
marked with the letter L or P or coloured Brown or Red.

If in doubt, consult the instructions provided with the equipment or contact
the supplier.

This cable/appliance should be protected by a suitably rated and approved
HBC mains fuse: refer to the rating information on the equipment and/or
user instructions for details. As a guide, a cable of 0.75mm2 should be
protected by a 3A or 5A fuse. Larger conductors would normally require
13A types, depending on the connection method used.

Any exposed wiring from a cable, plug or connection that is engaged in a
live socket is extremely hazardous. If a cable or plug is deemed hazardous,
turn off the mains power and remove the cable, any fuses and fuse
assemblies. All hazardous wiring must be immediately destroyed and
replaced in accordance to the above standard.

7

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Model name

AFG-2005

AFG-2105

AFG-2012

AFG-2112

AFG-2025

AFG-2125

Frequency Range

0.1Hz~5MHz

0.1Hz~12MHz

0.1Hz~25MHz

Output waveform

Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise, ARB

Amplitude range

0.1Hz~20MHz

1 mVpp to 10 Vpp (into 50Ω)

2 mVpp to 20 Vpp (open-circuit)

20MHzHz~25MHz

1 mVpp to 5 Vpp (into 50Ω)

2 mVpp to 10 Vpp (open-circuit)

Variable Offset

    



Variable Duty

    



SYNC (TTL) output

    



Save/Recall

    



Sweep operation

—  —  —



AM

—  —  —



FM

—  —  —



FSK

—  —  —



Frequency Counter

—  —  —



GETTING STARTED

The Getting started chapter introduces the

function generator’s main features, appearance

and introduces a quick instructional summary of
some of the basic functions. For comprehensive
operation instructions, please see the operation
chapter.

Main Features

8

GETTING STARTED

ARB

    



USB Interface

    



Performance

 DDS technology using an FPGA provides high

resolution waveforms

 25MHz DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) signal

output series

 0.1Hz resolution
 Full Function Arbitrary Waveform Capability

20 MSa/s sample rate

10 MHz repetition rate

4 k-point waveform length

10-bit amplitude resolution

Ten 4k waveform memories

Features

 Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise
 Int/Ext AM, FM, FSK modulation
 Modulation/sweep signal output
 Save/recall 10 groups of setting memories
 Output overload protection
 ARB (Arbitrary Waveform) can be edited with

PC software

Interface

 USB interface as standard
 3.5 inch LCD

9

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

ARB

OUTPUT

50

W

50

W

SYNC

MAIN

OUTPUT

POWER

Save/Recall INT/EXT Hop LIN/LOG

Shape DEP/DEV Rate Start/Stop Gate

FUNC

FREQ

AMPL

OFST

DUTY

Point

Value

0

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

/

Hz/Vpp kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm % Shift

AM FM FSK Sweep Count

OUTPUT

Enter

Arbitrary Function Generator

AFG-2125

LCD Display Number

pad

Scroll Wheel

MAIN
output port

ARB keys Power

button

Output
control key

Enter key

Arrow keys SYNC output port

Operation
keys

Function keys

High-Z/50Ω

ARB

OUTPUT

50

W

50

W

SYNC

MAIN

OUTPUT

POWER

Save/Recall

FUNC

FREQ

AMPL

OFST

DUTY

Point

Value

0

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

/

Hz/Vpp kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm % Shift

OUTPUT

Enter

Arbitrary Function Generator

AFG-2025

LCD Display Number

pad

Scroll Wheel

MAIN
output port

ARB keys Power

button

Output
control key

Enter key

Arrow keys SYNC output port

Operation
keys

Function keys

High-Z/50Ω

Panel Overview

AFG-2105/2112/2125 Front Panel

AFG-2005/2012/2025 Front Panel

10

GETTING STARTED

LCD display

3.5 inch, 3 color LCD display.

Keypad

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

The digital keypad is used to
enter values and parameters. The
keypad is often used in
conjunction with the selection
keys and variable knob.

Scroll Wheel

The scroll wheel is used to edit
values and parameters in steps of
1 digit. Used in conjunction with
the arrow keys.

Decrease Increase

Arrow keys

Used to select digits when editing
parameters.

Output ports

OUTPUT

50

W

50

W

SYNC

MAIN

OUTPUT

SYNC output port (50Ω
impedance).

Main output port (50Ω

impedance).

Enter key

Enter

Used to confirm input values.

Power button

POWER

Turns the instrument power
on/off.

Output control
key

OUTPUT

Turns the output on/off.

Output
Impedance

Shift

+

High Z/50Ω

OUTPUT

Toggles the output impedance
between 50Ω and High-Z.

Operation keys

Hz/Vpp

Selects Hz or Vpp units.

11

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Shift

+

Save/Recall

Hz/Vpp

Saves or recalls waveforms from
memory.

kHz/Vrms

Selects kHz or Vrms units.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

Sets the source to internal or
external for the modulation and
FSK functions*.

MHz/dBm

Selects MHz or dBm units.

Shift

+

Hop

MHz/dBm

Sets the ―Hop‖ frequency for FSK

modulation*.

%

Selects % units.

Shift

+

LIN/LOG

%

Sets the sweep to linear or
logarithmic*.

Shift

The shift key is used to select the
secondary functions on the
operation keys.

AM

The AM key is used to turn AM
modulation on/off*.

Shift

+

Shape

AM

Selects the modulation
waveform*.

FM

The FM key is used to turn FM
modulation on/off*.

Shift

+

DEP/DEV

FM

Selects the modulation depth or
the frequency deviation*.

FSK

Selects FSK modulation*.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

Sets the AM, FM, FSK modulation
and sweep function rate*

Sweep

Selects the Sweep function*.

12

GETTING STARTED

Shift

+

Start/Stop

Sweep

Sets the Start or Stop frequency*.

Count

Turns the frequency counter
on/off*.

Shift

+

Gate

Count

Sets the frequency counter gate
time*.

ARB edit keys

ARB

Value

Point

Arbitrary waveform editing keys.

The Point key sets the ARB point
numbers.

The Value key sets the amplitude
value of the selected point.

Function keys

FUNC

The FUNC key is used to select
the output waveform type:

Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise, ARB.

FREQ

Sets the frequency of the selected
waveform.

AMPL

Sets the amplitude of the selected
waveform.

OFST

The OFST sets the DC offset for
the selected waveform.

DUTY

The DUTY key sets the duty cycle
of square and ramp waveforms.

*indicates functions/features for the AFG-2105/2112/2125 only.

13

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

NO OPERATOR SERVICEABLE COMPONENTS INSIDE.
DO NOT REMOVE COVERS. REFER SERVICING TO

TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK THE POWER CORD PROTECTIVE
GROUNDING CONDUCTOR MUST BE CONNECTED TO GROUND.

WARNING

QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

SER.NO. LABEL

AC 100-240V
50-60Hz 25VA

OUTPUT INPUT

MOD Counter

Trigger MOD

MOD input

Trigger input

MOD output

Type B USB portPower socket

Counter input

NO OPERATOR SERVICEABLE COMPONENTS INSIDE.
DO NOT REMOVE COVERS. REFER SERVICING TO

TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK THE POWER CORD PROTECTIVE
GROUNDING CONDUCTOR MUST BE CONNECTED TO GROUND.

WARNING

QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

SER.NO. LABEL

AC 100-240V
50-60Hz 25VA

Type B USB portPower socket

MOD output

OUTPUT INPUT

MOD Counter

Trigger MOD

Modulation output port.

Counter input

Counter input port.

MOD input

Modulation input port.

Trigger input

Trigger input port.

Type B USB port

The type B USB port is used to
connect the function generator to a
PC for remote control.

Power Socket
Input

AC 100-240V
50-60Hz 25VA

Power input: 100~240V AC

50~60Hz.

AFG-2105/2112/2125 Rear Panel

AFG-2005/2012/2025 Rear Panel

14

Display

Waveform type

Counter settings

USB icon

Frequency display

Secondary parameter
display

Modulation, sweep,
counter menu

Waveform type

Press the function key to cycle through different
output waveforms.

Counter settings

Gate time counter settings*.

USB icon

Shows the USB interface status.

Frequency
Display

Displays the main waveform frequency settings.

Secondary
parameter display

Displays secondary waveform parameters and
settings.

Modulation,
sweep, counter
menu

Displays the modulation, sweep and counter
functions as well as the modulating waveform and
source*.

*indicates functions/features for the AFG-2105/2112/2125 only.

GETTING STARTED

15

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Background

This section describes how adjust the handle and
power up the function generator.

Adjusting the
stand

Pull out the handle
sideways and rotate
it.

ARB

OUTPUT

50W

50W

SYNC

MAIN

OUTPUT

POWER

Save/Recall INT/EXT Hop LIN/LOG

Shape DEP/DEV Rate Start/Stop Gate

FUNC

FREQ

AMPL

OFST

DUTY

Point

Value

0

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

/

Hz/Vpp kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm % Shift

AM FM FSK Sweep Count

OUTPUT

Enter

Arbitrary Function Generator

AFG-2125

Place the AFG
horizontally.

Place the handle
upright to tilt the
stand.

Place the handle
vertically to hand
carry.

Setting up the Function Generator

16

GETTING STARTED

Power Up

1. Connect the power cord to

the socket on the rear
panel.

2. Press the power button on

the front panel.

POWER

3. The instrument will turn on and load the

default settings (see page 32 for default
settings).

The function generator is now ready to be used.

17

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

How to use the Digital Inputs ............................................ 19

Selecting a Waveform ........................................................ 21

Sine Wave ............................................................................. 21

Square Wave ........................................................................ 21

Ramp Wave .......................................................................... 22

ARB ................................................................................... 23

ARB - Points ......................................................................... 23

Modulation ........................................................................ 24

AM (2100 series only) .......................................................... 24

FM (2100 series only) .......................................................... 25

FSK Modulation (2100 series only) ..................................... 26

Sweep (2100 series only) ................................................... 28

Counter (2100 series only) ................................................ 30

Save/Recall ........................................................................ 31

Save ...................................................................................... 31

Recall .................................................................................... 31

Default Settings ................................................................. 32

QUICK REFERENCE

This chapter lists operation shortcuts and default factory settings.
Use this chapter as a handy reference for instrument functions. This
chapter is to be used as a quick reference; for detailed explanations
on parameters, settings and limitations, please see the operation
chapter (page 34) or specifications (page 137).

18

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Background

The AFG-2000 has three main types of digital
inputs: the number pad, arrow keys and the scroll
wheel. The following instructions will show you
how to use the digital inputs to edit parameters.

1. First select the

function that must
be edited pressing
one of the function
or ARB keys. The
selected function
will flash.

ARB

OUTPUT

50

W

50

W

SYNC

MAIN

OUTPUT

POWER

Save/Recall

FUNC

FREQ

AMPL

OFST

DUTY

Point

Value

0

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

/

Hz/Vpp kHz/Vrms MHz/dBm % Shift

OUTPUT

Enter

Arbitrary Function Generator

AFG-2025

ARB keys

Function keys

2. To edit a parameter, use the

arrow keys to move the
cursor to the digit that
needs to be edited.

cursor

How to use the Digital Inputs

19

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

3. Use the scroll wheel to

increment the parameter by
the resolution of the digit
under the cursor.
In the example above, the
scroll wheel will increment
the parameter in 0.1 volt
increments.
Clockwise increases the
value, counterclockwise
decreases the value.

4. Press the Enter key to

confirm the new parameter
value.

Enter

5. Alternatively, the number

pad can be used to set the
value of the selected
parameter.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

6. To finish editing with the

number pad, select the unit
with one of the unit keys.
(Hz, kHz, MHz, Vpp,
Vrms, dBm, %)

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

%

20

QUICK REFERENCE

Example: Sine Wave, 10kHz, 1Vpp, 2Vdc

Output

50

W

MAIN

1. Press the FUNC

key repeatedly to
select the Sine
wave.

FUNC

→

2. Press FREQ > 1 > 0

> kHz.

FREQ

1

0

kHz/Vrms

3. Press AMPL > 1 >

Vpp.

AMPL

1

Hz/Vpp

4. Press OFST > 2 >

Vpp.

OFST

2

Hz/Vpp

5. Press the OUTPUT

key.

OUTPUT

Example: Square Wave, 10kHz, 3Vpp, 75% duty cycle

Output

50

W

MAIN

1. Press the FUNC

key repeatedly to
select the Square
wave.

FUNC

→

2. Press FREQ > 1 > 0

> kHz.

FREQ

1

0

kHz/Vrms

Selecting a Waveform

Sine Wave

Square Wave

21

3. Press AMPL > 3 >

Vpp.

AMPL

3

Hz/Vpp

4. Press DUTY > 7 > 5

> %.

DUTY

7

5

%

5. Press the output

key.

OUTPUT

Ramp Wave

Example: Ramp Wave, 10kHz, 3Vpp, 25% symmetry

Output

50

W

MAIN

1. Press the FUNC

key repeatedly to
select the Ramp
wave.

FUNC

→

2. Press FREQ > 1 > 0

> kHz.

FREQ

1

0

kHz/Vrms

3. Press AMPL > 3 >

Vpp.

AMPL

3

Hz/Vpp

4. Press DUTY > 2 > 5

> %.

DUTY

2

5

%

5. Press the OUTPUT

key.

OUTPUT

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

22

ARB

Example: 2 ARB points, 10 kHz, 1Vpp.

Output

50

W

MAIN

1. Press the FUNC

key repeatedly to
select the ARB
wave.

FUNC

→

2. Press FREQ > 1 > 0

> kHz.

FREQ

1

0

kHz/Vrms

3. Press AMPL > 1 >

Vpp.

AMPL

1

Hz/Vpp

4. Press Point > 0 >

Enter.

Point

0

Enter

5. Press Value > 5 > 1

>1 > Enter.

Value

511

Enter

6. Press Point > 1 >

Enter.

Point

1

Enter

7. Press Value > ± > 5

> 1 >1 > Enter.

(-511)

Value

/

511

Enter

8. Press the OUTPUT

key.

OUTPUT

ARB - Points

QUICK REFERENCE

23

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example: AM modulation. 100Hz modulating square wave. 1 Vpp,
1kHz Sine wave carrier. 70% modulation depth. Internal source
signal.

Output

50

W

MAIN

1. Press the FUNC

key repeatedly to
select the Sine
wave.

FUNC

→

2. Press FREQ > 1 >

kHz.

FREQ

1

kHz/Vrms

3. Press AMPL > 1 >

Vpp.

AMPL

1

Hz/Vpp

4. Press AM.

AM

5. Press Shift >

INT/EXT > select
INT source.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

6. Press Shift > Shape

repeatedly to select
the Square wave.

Shift

+

Shape

AM

→

7. Press Shift > Rate

> 1 > 0 > 0 > Hz.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

100

Hz/Vpp

Modulation

AM (2100 series only)

24

QUICK REFERENCE

8. Press Shift >

DEP/DEV> 7 > 0 >
%.

Shift

+

DEP/DEV

FM

7

0

%

9. Press the OUTPUT

key.

OUTPUT

10. Press AM again to

deselect the AM
function.

AM

Example: FM modulation. 100Hz modulating square wave. 1Vpp,
1kHz Sine wave carrier. 100 Hz frequency deviation. Internal
Source.

Output

50

W

MAIN

1. Press the FUNC

key repeatedly to
select the Sine
wave.

FUNC

→

2. Press FREQ > 1 >

kHz.

FREQ

1

kHz/Vrms

3. Press AMPL > 1 >

Vpp.

AMPL

1

Hz/Vpp

4. Press FM.

FM

5. Press Shift >

INT/EXT > select
INT source.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

FM (2100 series only)

25

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

6. Press Shift > Shape

repeatedly to select
Square wave.

Shift

+

Shape

AM

→

7. Press Shift > Rate

> 1 > 0 > 0 > Hz.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

1

0

0

Hz/Vpp

8. Press Shift >

DEP/DEV> 1 > 0 >
0> Hz

Shift

+

DEP/DEV

FM

100

Hz/Vpp

9. Press the OUTPUT

key.

OUTPUT

10. Press FM again to

deselect the AM
function.

FM

Example: FSK modulation. 10Hz Hop frequency. 1Vpp, 1kHz Ramp
carrier wave. 100 Hz Rate (modulation frequency). Internal Source.

Output

50

W

MAIN

1. Press the FUNC

key repeatedly to
select the Ramp
wave.

FUNC

→

2. Press FREQ > 1 >

kHz.

FREQ

1

kHz/Vrms

3. Press AMPL > 1 >

Vpp.

AMPL

1

Hz/Vpp

FSK Modulation (2100 series only)

26

QUICK REFERENCE

4. Press FSK.

FSK

5. Press Shift >

INT/EXT > select
INT source.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

6. Press Shift > Rate

> 1 > 0 > 0 > Hz.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

100

Hz/Vpp

7. Press Shift > Hop >

1 > 0 > Hz.

Shift

+

Hop

MHz/dBm

1

0

Hz/Vpp

8. Press the OUTPUT

key.

OUTPUT

9. Press FSK again to

deselect the FSK
function.

FSK

27

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example: Frequency Sweep. Start Frequency 1Hz, Stop Frequency
1MHz. 1Hz Rate. 1Vpp. Linear Sweep.

Output

50

W

MAIN

1. Press the FUNC

key repeatedly to
select the Ramp
wave.

FUNC

→

2. Press AMPL > 1 >

Vpp.

AMPL

1

Hz/Vpp

3. Press Sweep.

Sweep

4. Press Shift >

INT/EXT > select
INT source.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

5. Press Shift >

Start/Stop select
Start> 1 > Hz.

Shift

+

Start/Stop

Sweep

1

Hz/Vpp

6. Press Shift >

Start/Stop select
Stop> 1 > MHz.

Shift

+

Start/Stop

Sweep

1

MHz/dBm

7. Press Shift > Rate

> 1 > Hz.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

1

Hz/Vpp

8. Press Shift >

LIN/LOG > select
LINS.

Shift

+

LIN/LOG

%

Sweep (2100 series only)

28

QUICK REFERENCE

9. Press the OUTPUT

key.

OUTPUT

10. Press Sweep again

to deselect the
sweep function.

Sweep

29

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example: Frequency counter function, gate time 1s.

Input

OUTPUT INPUT

MOD Counter

FSK MOD

1. Press the Count

key.

Count

2. Press Shift > Gate

repeatedly to select
the 1S gate time.

Shift

+

Gate

Count

3. Connect the signal to the counter input

signal.

4. Press Count again

to deselect the
counter function.

Count

Counter (2100 series only)

30

Save/Recall

Example: Save waveform to memory.

1. Press Shift >

Save/Recall. Select
Save.

Shift

+

Save/Recall

Hz/Vpp

2. Turn the scroll

wheel and choose a
save number.

3. Press Enter to

confirm the save
file number.

Enter

Example: Recall waveform from memory.

1. Press Shift >

Save/Recall. Select
Recall.

Shift

+

Save/Recall

Hz/Vpp

2. Turn the scroll

wheel and choose a
saved file number.

3. Press Enter to

confirm the recall.

Enter

Save

Recall

QUICK REFERENCE

31

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

The default settings appear each time the power is turned on.

Output Config.

Function

Sine wave

Frequency

1kHz

Amplitude

100mVpp

Offset

0.00Vdc

Output units

Vpp

Output terminal

50Ω

Output impedance

50Ω

Modulation
(AM/FM/FSK)

Carrier Wave

1kHz Sine wave

Modulation waveforms

100Hz Sine wave

AM Depth

100%

FM Deviation

10Hz

FSK Hop Frequency

100Hz

FSK Frequency

500Hz

Modulation Status

Off

Sweep

Start/Stop frequency

100Hz/1kHz

Sweep time

1s Sweep rate

100Hz

Sweep type

Linear

Sweep status

Off

Default Settings

32

QUICK REFERENCE

System settings

Power off signal

On Display mode

On Error queue

cleared

Memory settings (ARB)

No change

Output

Off

Interface config.

USB

CDC

Calibration

Calibration Menu

Restricted

33

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Select a Waveform ............................................................. 36

Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise Waveform ................................ 36

Setting the Frequency ........................................................ 36

Setting the Amplitude ........................................................ 37

Setting the DC Offset ........................................................ 38

Setting the Duty Cycle/Symmetry....................................... 39

Setting the Output Impedance .......................................... 41

Turning the Output On ...................................................... 42

Amplitude Modulation (AM) (AFG-2100 Series) ............... 43

Selecting AM Modulation .................................................... 43

AM Carrier Waveform .......................................................... 44

Setting the Carrier Frequency .............................................. 44

Setting the Carrier Amplitude .............................................. 45

Setting the Modulating Wave Shape ................................... 46

Setting the Modulation Frequency (Rate) ........................... 47

Modulation Depth................................................................ 48

Setting the Modulation Source ............................................ 49

Frequency Modulation (FM) (AFG-2100 Series) ................. 51

Selecting FM Modulation .................................................... 51

FM Carrier Waveform .......................................................... 52

Setting the Carrier Frequency .............................................. 52

Setting the Carrier Amplitude .............................................. 53

Setting the Modulating Wave Shape ................................... 54

Setting the Modulation Frequency (Rate) ........................... 55

Frequency Deviation ............................................................ 56

Setting the Modulation Source ............................................ 57

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation (AFG-2100 Series)

.......................................................................................... 59

OPERATION

The Operation chapter shows how to output basic waveforms and
create ARB waveforms. The AFG-2105/ 2112/ 2125 can also perform
advanced functions such as modulation, sweep, FSK and counter
functions.

34

OPERATION

Selecting FSK Modulation .................................................... 59

FSK Carrier Waveform .......................................................... 60

FSK Carrier Frequency .......................................................... 60

Setting the Carrier Amplitude .............................................. 61

Setting the Hop Frequency .................................................. 62

FSK Rate ............................................................................... 64

Setting the FSK Source ......................................................... 65

Frequency Sweep (AFG-2100 Series) .................................. 67

Selecting Sweep .................................................................... 67

Setting Start and Stop Frequency ........................................ 68

Sweep Mode ......................................................................... 70

Sweep Rate ........................................................................... 70

Setting the Sweep Source (Trigger) ..................................... 71

Creating an Arbitrary Waveform ......................................... 73

Using the Frequency Counter............................................. 75

Selecting the Frequency Counter Function .......................... 75

Selecting the Gate Time ....................................................... 75

Using the SYNC Output Port ............................................. 77

Connecting the SYNC Output Port ...................................... 77

SYNC Output Signal ............................................................ 77

Save and Recall State/ARB Waveform ................................ 81

35

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Panel Operation

1. Press the FUNC key

repeatedly to select a
standard waveform (Sine,
Square, Ramp, Noise).

FUNC

→

Example:
Sine wave

Note

The modulation, FSK, sweep and counter functions
must be disabled before a standard waveform can be
output.

Panel Operation

1. Press the FREQ key.

FREQ

2. The FREQ icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

Select a Waveform

The AFG-2000 can output four standard waveforms: sine, square,
ramp and noise waveforms.

Sine, Square, Ramp, Noise Waveform

Setting the Frequency

36

OPERATION

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel

and Enter key to
edit the frequency.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new frequency.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

Sine

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Square

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Ramp

0.1Hz ~ 1MHz

*limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2005/2105,
12MHz for the AFG-2012/2112.

Example:
FREQ = 1kHz

Panel Operation

1. Press the AMPL key.

AMPL

2. The AMPL icon will flash in the secondary

display area.

Setting the Amplitude

37

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel

and Enter key to
edit the amplitude.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new amplitude.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

No load

2mVpp~20Vpp
2mVpp~10Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz

50Ω Load

1mVpp~10Vpp
1mVpp~5Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz

Example:
AMPL= 1Vpp

Panel Operation

1. Press the OFST key.

OFST

2. The OFST icon will flash in the secondary

display area.

Setting the DC Offset

38

OPERATION

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel

and Enter key to
edit the offset.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the Vpp key to
enter a new offset.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

Range

No Load (AC+DC)

±10Vpk
±5 Vpk for 20MHz–25MHz

50Ω Load (AC+DC)

±5 Vpk
±2.5 Vpk for 20MHz–25MHz

Example:
OFST= 1VDC

Background

The DUTY key sets the duty cycle or
symmetry of the standard square or ramp
waveforms.

Panel Operation

1. Ensure a square or ramp

waveform is selected.

Page 36

2. Press the DUTY key.

DUTY

3. The duty icon will flash in the secondary

display area.

Setting the Duty Cycle/Symmetry

39

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

4. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel

and Enter key to
edit the duty
cycle/symmetry.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the % key to
enter a new duty
cycle/symmetry.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

%

Duty Cycle Range

≤ 100kHz

1.0% ~ 99.9%

≤ 5MHz

20.0% ~ 80.0%

≤ 10MHz

40.0 ~ 60.0%

≤ 25MHz

50.0% (fixed)

10% 50% 90%

Symmetry Range

All frequencies

0% ~ 100%

0% 50% 100%

Example:
DUTY= 50.0%

40

OPERATION

Background

The AFG-2000 output impedance can be set
to 50Ω or to High-Z.

When the output impedance is set to high-Z
the effect output is doubled compared to the

default 50Ω. For example, when the
amplitude is set to 10Vpp (impedance of 50Ω)

when the output impedance is switched to
high-Z, the amplitude becomes 20Vpp.

Note

dBm units are not supported for the high-Z
output impedance.

If the amplitude unit is dBm, and you switch to
the High-Z output impedance, the amplitude
unit will automatically change to Vpp.

If the output impedance is set to High-Z, you
cannot set the amplitude units to dBm. Change
the output impedance back to 50Ω first.

Panel Operation

1. To toggle the output

impedance between 50 and
High-Z, press
SHIFT+OUTPUT.

Shift

+

High Z/50Ω

OUTPUT

2. The selected output impedance will flash

momentarily on the display.

50 Ω:

High-Z:

Setting the Output Impedance

41

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Panel Operation

1. Press the OUTPUT key to

output the selected
waveform.

High Z/50Ω

OUTPUT

The output key will turn green when the output
is on.

OUTPUT OUTPUT

2. To disable the output, press

the OUTPUT key again.

High Z/50Ω

OUTPUT

The output key will turn off when the output is
disabled.

OUTPUT OUTPUT

Turning the Output On

42

OPERATION

Modulated Carrier
Waveform

Modulating
waveform

Panel Operation

1. Press the AM key.

AM

2. The modulation, sweep and counter menu

display will appear. The AM icon indicates
that the AM function is active.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) (AFG-2100 Series)

An AM waveform is produced from a carrier waveform and a
modulating waveform. The amplitude of the modulated carrier
waveform depends on the amplitude of the modulating waveform.
The AFG-2100 function generator can set the carrier frequency,
amplitude and offset as well as internal or external modulation
sources.

AM modulation is only applicable for the AFG-2105, AFG-2112 and
the AFG-2125 function generators.

Selecting AM Modulation

43

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example:
AM activated

Note

AM modulation can be deactivated by pressing the
AM key again.

Background

The FUNC key selects the AM carrier waveform.
Sine, square or ramp waveforms can be used as the
carrier. The default waveform is set to sine. Noise
is not available as a carrier shape. Before the
carrier shape can be selected, ensure AM is active,
page 43.

Selecting the
Carrier Shape

1. Press the FUNC key

repeatedly to select a
carrier waveform (Sine,
Square, Ramp).

FUNC

→

Range

AM Carrier Shape

sine, square, ramp

Panel Operation

1. Press FREQ key.

FREQ

2. The FREQ icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

AM Carrier Waveform

Setting the Carrier Frequency

44

OPERATION

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel

and Enter key to
edit the frequency.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new frequency.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

Sine

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Square

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Ramp

0.1Hz ~ 1MHz

*limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for
the AFG-2112.

Example:
FREQ = 1kHz

Panel Operation

1. Press AMPL key.

AMPL

2. The AMPL icon will flash in the secondary

display area.

Setting the Carrier Amplitude

45

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel

and Enter key to
edit the amplitude.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new amplitude.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

No Load

2mVpp~20Vpp
2mVpp~10Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz

50Ω Load

1mVpp~10Vpp
1mVpp~5Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz

Example:
AMPL= 1Vpp

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + Shape key

repeatedly to select a shape
waveform.

Shift

+

Shape

AM

→

2. The waveform Shape is displayed in blue at

the bottom of the panel.

Setting the Modulating Wave Shape

The AFG-2100 has sine, square and ramp modulating waveform
shapes. Sine waves are the default wave shape.

46

OPERATION

Restrictions

Square

50% duty cycle

Ramp

50% symmetry

Example:
Shape = Sine

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + Rate key.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

2. The Rate icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the rate.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new rate.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

Range

(Internal source)

2mHz ~ 20kHz

Default

100Hz

Setting the Modulation Frequency (Rate)

47

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example:
Rate= 100Hz

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + DEP/DEV

key.

Shift

+

DEP/DEV

FM

2. The DEP icon will flash in the secondary

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the modulation
depth.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the % key to
enter a new depth.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

%

Range

Depth

0% ~ 120%

Default

100%

Modulation Depth

Modulation depth is the ratio (as a percentage) of the unmodulated
carrier amplitude and the minimum amplitude deviation of the
modulated waveform. In other words, modulation depth is the
maximum amplitude of the modulated waveform compared to the
carrier waveform as a percentage.

48

OPERATION

Example:
DEP= 100%

Note

When the modulation depth is greater than
100%, the output cannot exceed ±5VPeak
(50Ω load).

If an external modulation source is
selected, modulation depth is limited to
±5V from the MOD input port on the rear
panel. For example, if the modulation depth
is set to 100%, then the maximum
amplitude is +5V, and the minimum
amplitude is -5V.

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + INT/EXT

key to select the
modulation source.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

→

2. The modulation source will be displayed at

the bottom of the screen.

Note

If an external modulation source is selected,
modulation depth is limited to ± 5V from the
MOD input port on the rear panel. For example,
if the modulation depth is set to 100%, then the
maximum amplitude is +5V, and the minimum
amplitude is -5V.

Setting the Modulation Source

49

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example:
Source = INT

Example: External
MOD input signal

AM output

MOD input

signal

0V

0V

+5V

-5V

50

OPERATION

Modulated Carrier
Waveform

Modulating
waveform

Panel Operation

1. Press the FM key.

FM

2. The modulation, sweep and counter menu

display will appear. The FM icon indicates
that the FM function is active.

Frequency Modulation (FM) (AFG-2100 Series)

An FM waveform is produced from a carrier waveform and a
modulating waveform. The instantaneous frequency of the carrier
waveform varies with the magnitude of the modulating waveform.
FM modulation is only applicable to the AFG-2105, AFG-2112 and
the AFG-2125.

Selecting FM Modulation

51

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example:
FM activated

Note

FM modulation can be deactivated by pressing the FM
key again.

Background

The FUNC key selects the FM carrier waveform.
Sine, square or ramp waveforms can be used as the
carrier. The default waveform is set to sine. Noise
is not available as a carrier shape. Before the
carrier shape can be selected, ensure FM is active,
page 51.

Selecting the
Carrier Shape

1. Press the FUNC key

repeatedly to select a
carrier waveform (Sine,
Square, Ramp).

FUNC

→

Range

FM Carrier Shape

sine, square, ramp

Background

When using the AFG-2100 function generator, the
carrier frequency must be equal to or greater than
the frequency deviation.

Panel Operation

1. Press FREQ key.

FREQ

FM Carrier Waveform

Setting the Carrier Frequency

52

OPERATION

2. The FREQ icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the frequency.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new frequency.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

Sine

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Square

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Ramp

0.1Hz ~ 1MHz

*limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for
the AFG-2112.

Example:
FREQ = 1kHz

Panel Operation

1. Press AMPL key.

AMPL

2. The AMPL icon will flash in the secondary

display area.

Setting the Carrier Amplitude

53

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel

and Enter key to
edit the amplitude.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new amplitude.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

No Load

2mVpp~20Vpp
2mVpp~10Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz

50Ω load

1mVpp~10Vpp
1mVpp~5Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz

Example:
AMPL= 1Vpp

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + Shape key

repeatedly to select a shape
waveform.

Shift

+

Shape

AM

→

Setting the Modulating Wave Shape

The AFG-2100 has sine, square and ramp modulating waveform
shapes. Sine waves are the default wave shape. The modulating
wave shape is for internal sources only.

54

OPERATION

2. The waveform Shape is displayed in blue at

the bottom of the panel.

Restrictions

Square

50% duty cycle

Ramp

50% symmetry

Example:
Shape = Sine

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + Rate key.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

2. The Rate icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the rate.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new rate.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

Setting the Modulation Frequency (Rate)

55

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Range

(Internal source)

2mHz ~ 20kHz

Default

100Hz

Example:
Rate= 100Hz

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + DEP/DEV

key.

Shift

+

DEP/DEV

FM

2. The DEV icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the frequency
deviation.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new frequency
deviation.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

Sine

DC ~ 25MHz*

Frequency Deviation

The frequency deviation is the peak frequency deviation from the
carrier wave and the modulated wave.

56

OPERATION

Square

DC ~ 25MHz*

Ramp

DC ~ 1MHz

Default

10Hz

*limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for
the AFG-2112.

Note

The frequency deviation must be equal to or
less than the carrier frequency.

The sum of the carrier frequency and
frequency deviation must be less than or
equal to the maximum carrier.

The maximum frequency deviation allowed
will be limited by the set carrier frequency.

Example:
DEV = 10Hz

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + INT/EXT

key to select the
modulation source.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

→

2. The modulation source will be displayed at

the bottom of the screen.

Range

Source

INT, EXT

Setting the Modulation Source

57

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Connection
(EXT source only)

For external sources,
connect the modulation
source signal to the MOD
input port on the rear
panel.

OUTPUT INPUT

MOD Counter

Trigger MOD

Note

When the source is set to EXT (external) the
carrier waveform is modulated by an external
signal. The frequency deviation is controlled by
the ±5V signal that is input into the MOD input
port. The ±5V input signal directly corresponds
to the set frequency deviation. +5V increases the
frequency by the set deviation frequency and -5V
reduces the frequency to below the carrier
frequency by the amount set by the deviation
frequency. For example: if the deviation
frequency is set to 1kHz, an input voltage of +5V
will increase the frequency to 1kHz, whilst an
input voltage of -5V will reduce the frequency
below that of the carrier by 1kHz.

Example:
Source = INT

Example: External
MOD input signal

FM output

MOD input

signal

0V

0V

+5V

-5V

58

OPERATION

Hop Frequency

Carrier Frequency

Panel Operation

1. Press the FSK key.

FSK

2. The modulation, sweep and counter menu

display will appear. The FSK icon indicates
that the FSK function is active.

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation (AFG-2100 Series)

Frequency Shift Keying Modulation is used to shift the frequency
output of the function generator between two preset frequencies
(carrier frequency, hop frequency). The frequency at which the
carrier and hop frequency shift is determined by the rate setting or
the voltage level from the Trigger input port on the rear panel.

FSK modulation is only applicable to the AFG-2105, AFG-2112 and
the AFG-2125.

Selecting FSK Modulation

59

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example:
FSK activated

Note

FSK modulation can be deactivated by pressing the
FSK key again.

Background

The FUNC key selects the FSK carrier waveform.
Sine, square or ramp waveforms can be used as the
carrier. The default waveform is set to sine. Noise
and ARB cannot be used as a carrier wave.

Selecting the
Carrier

1. Press the FUNC key

repeatedly to select a
carrier waveform (Sine,
Square, Ramp).

FUNC

→

Range

FSK Carrier Shape

sine, square, ramp

Panel Operation

1. Press FREQ key.

FREQ

FSK Carrier Waveform

FSK Carrier Frequency

The maximum carrier frequency depends on the carrier shape. The
default carrier frequency for all carrier shapes is 1kHz. The voltage
level of the Trigger input port controls the output frequency when
EXT is selected as the source. When the Trigger input signal is
logically low, the carrier frequency is output and when the signal is
logically high, the hop frequency is output.

60

OPERATION

2. The FREQ icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the frequency.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new frequency.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

Sine

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Square

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Ramp

0.1Hz ~ 1MHz

*limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for
the AFG-2112.

Example:
FREQ = 1kHz

Panel Operation

1. Press AMPL key.

AMPL

Setting the Carrier Amplitude

61

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

2. The AMPL icon will flash in the secondary

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the amplitude.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new amplitude.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

No Load

2mVpp~20Vpp
2mVpp~10Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz

50Ω Load

1mVpp~10Vpp
1mVpp~5Vpp for 20MHz – 25MHz

Example:
AMPL= 1Vpp

Setting the Hop Frequency

The default Hop frequency for all waveform shapes is 100 Hz. A
square wave with a duty cycle of 50% is used for the internal
modulation waveform. The voltage level of the Trigger input signal
controls the output frequency when EXT is selected. When the
Trigger input signal is logically low the carrier frequency is output
and when the signal is logically high, the hop frequency is output.

62

OPERATION

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + Hop key.

Shift

+

Hop

MHz/dBm

2. The Hop icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the hop
frequency.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
hop frequency.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

Sine

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Square

0.1Hz~ 25MHz*

Ramp

0.1Hz~ 1MHz

Default

100Hz

*limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for
the AFG-2112.

Example:
Hop = 100Hz

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + Rate key.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

2. The Rate icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the rate.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new rate.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

Range

(Internal source)

2mHz ~ 20kHz

Default

100Hz

Example:
Rate= 1KHz

FSK Rate

FSK Rate function is used to determine the rate at which the output
frequency changes between the carrier and hop frequencies. The
FSK Rate function only applies to internal FSK sources.

64

OPERATION

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + INT/EXT

key to select the
modulation source.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

→

2. The FSK source will be displayed at the

bottom of the screen.

Range

Source

INT, EXT

Connection
(EXT source only)

For external sources,
connect the FSK rate source
signal to the Trigger input
port on the rear panel.

OUTPUT INPUT

MOD Counter

Trigger MOD

Example:
Source = EXT

Setting the FSK Source

The AFG-2000 accepts internal and external FSK sources, with
internal as the default source. When the FSK source is set to internal,
the FSK rate is configured using the FSK Rate function. When an
external source is selected the FSK rate is equal to the frequency of
the Trigger input signal on the rear panel. When the input signal is
logically low the carrier frequency is output and when the signal is
logically high, the hop frequency is output.

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example: External
trigger input
signal

FSK output

Trigger input

signal

0V

66

OPERATION

Sweep

Panel Operation

1. Press the Sweep key.

Sweep

2. The modulation, sweep and counter menu

display will appear. The Sweep icon indicates
that the Sweep function is active.

Frequency Sweep (AFG-2100 Series)

The function generator can perform a sweep for sine, square or ramp
waveforms, but not noise, and ARB. In Sweep mode, the function
generator will sweep from a start frequency to a stop frequency over
a number of designated steps. If an external source is selected, the
function generator can be used to output a single sweep each time a
TTL level pulse is received from the Trigger input port. The step
spacing of the sweep can be linear or logarithmic. The function
generator can also sweep up or sweep down in frequency. The
Sweep function only applies to the AFG-2105, AFG-2112 and the
AFG-2125.

Selecting Sweep

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Example:
Sweep activated

Note

Sweep modulation can be deactivated by pressing the
Sweep key again.

Panel Operation

1. Pressing the Shift +

Start/Stop key will toggle

between the start and stop
frequencies. Select the Start
frequency icon.

Shift

+

Start/Stop

Sweep

→ Start

2. The Start icon will flash in the frequency

display area when selected.

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel
and Enter key to
edit the start
frequency.

→

Enter

Setting Start and Stop Frequency

The start and stop frequencies define the upper and lower sweep
limits. The function generator will sweep from the start through to
the stop frequency and cycle back to the start frequency. The sweep
is phase continuous over the full sweep range.

68

OPERATION

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new start
frequency.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

MHz/dBm

Range

Sine

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Square

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

Ramp

0.1Hz ~ 1MHz

Default

Start: 100Hz, Stop: 1kHz

*limited to 5MHz for the AFG-2105, 12MHz for
the AFG-2112.

4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 for the Stop frequency.

Note

To sweep from a low to high frequency, set the Start
frequency < Stop frequency.

To sweep from a high to low frequency, set the Start
frequency > Stop frequency.

Example:
Start = 100Hz

Example:

Stop = 1kHz

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + LIN/LOG

key to select linear (LINS)
or logarithmic (LOGS)
sweeps.

Shift

+

LIN/LOG

%

→

2. The LINS or LOGS icon will be displayed at

the bottom of the screen.

Example:
Sweep = LINS

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + Rate key.

Shift

+

Rate
FSK

2. The Rate icon will flash in the frequency

display area.

Sweep Mode

Sweep mode is used to select between linear or logarithmic
sweeping. Linear sweeping is the default setting.

Sweep Rate

The sweep rate is used to determine how long it takes to perform a
sweep from the start to stop frequencies. The function generator
automatically determines the number of discrete frequencies used in
the scan depending on the length of the scan.

70

OPERATION

3. Use the arrow

keys, scroll wheel

and Enter key to
edit the rate.

→

Enter

Use the keypad
and the relevant
unit key to enter a
new rate.

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

→

Hz/Vpp

kHz/Vrms

Range

Sweep Rate

1kHz ~ 2mHz (1ms ~ 500s)

Default

100Hz

Example:
Rate= 100Hz

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift + INT/EXT

key to select the
modulation source.

Shift

+

INT/EXT

kHz/Vrms

→

Setting the Sweep Source (Trigger)

With the source set to EXT, the function generator will sweep each
time a trigger signal is received. After a sweep output has completed,
the function generator waits for a trigger signal before starting the
next sweep. The default trigger source is internal.

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

2. The Trigger source will be displayed at the

bottom of the screen.

Range

Source

INT, EXT

Connection
(EXT source only)

For external sources,
connect the Sweep trigger
signal to the Trigger input
port on the rear panel.

OUTPUT INPUT

MOD Counter

Trigger MOD

Example:
Source = EXT

Note

With an external source, a sweep is output each
time a trigger pulse (TTL) is received from the
Trigger input port on the rear panel.

The trigger frequency must be greater than the
sweep rate (sweep time) plus 125nS (trigger pulse
width > 125nS).

Example: External
trigger input
signal

Sweep output

0V

Trigger input

signal

72

OPERATION

Selecting the
Carrier Shape

1. Press the FUNC key

repeatedly to select the
ARB function.

FUNC

→

2. Press the Point key.

Point

3. Point will flash in the secondary display area.

4. Use the scroll

wheel or keypad to
choose a point
number.

or

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

Use the Enter key
to confirm the
point number.

Enter

Range

Point:

0 ~ 4096

5. Press the Value key.

Point

6. Value will flash in the secondary display

area.

Creating an Arbitrary Waveform

Both the AFG-2000 and AFG-2100 has a simple arbitrary waveform
editing function. The ARB function is able to create waveforms with
a 20MHz sampling rate, 4k data points with vertical range of
±511points.

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

7. Use the scroll

wheel or keypad to

choose the vertical
value of the
selected point.

or

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

Use the Enter key
to confirm the
point value.

Enter

Range

Value:

±511 (10-bit vertical resolution)

8. Repeat steps 2 to 7 for the remaining points of

the ARB waveform.

Note

The horizontal position of the points depends on the
set frequency. For example, if the set frequency is 1kHz
(period = 1ms), then each point will be located every

0.01ms (1ms/sample rate).

Example:

Point “0” is set to

+511.

Note

To save the ARB data, please see the Save/Recall
section on page 81.

74

OPERATION

Connection

Connect the signal source to
Counter input port on the rear
panel.

OUTPUT INPUT

MOD Counter

MOD

Trigger

Panel Operation

1. Press the Count key.

Gate

Count

2. The current gate time and the Count icon will

appear in the display when the counter
function is active.
The input frequency will be shown in the
frequency display area.

Example: input
frequency of 1kHz

Panel Operation

1. Ensure the Count function

is active.

Page 75

Using the Frequency Counter

Selecting the Frequency Counter Function

Selecting the Gate Time

75

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

2. Press the Shift + Gate key

repeatedly to select the
desired gate time.

Shift

+

Gate

Count

Range

Gate time

0.01s, 0.1s, 1s, 10s

3. The current gate time is displayed in the

counter settings area of the display.

76

OPERATION

Background

The SYNC output port is used as a synchronization
signal for function outputs. All the output signals
apart from the noise output function have a
synchronization signal.

Connection

Connect a BNC cable from the
SYNC output port on the front
panel to the desired input
device.

OUTPUT

50

W

SYNC

OUTPUT

Note

The SYNC signal is output even when the main
output is not output.

SYNC Output For
Sine Wave

SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50%
duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high
level when the sine output is positive.

Output diagram

Sine output

SYNC output

0V

0V

Using the SYNC Output Port

Connecting the SYNC Output Port

SYNC Output Signal

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

SYNC Output For
Square Wave

SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a duty
cycle corresponding to the duty cycle of the output
square wave. The SYNC output is at a logically
high level when the square wave output is
positive.

Output diagram

Square wave

output

SYNC output

0V

0V

SYNC Output For
Ramp Wave

SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50%
duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high
level when the sine output is positive.

Output diagram

Ramp wave

output

SYNC output

0V

0V

SYNC Output For
ARB Wave

SYNC output: A single TTL positive pulse at the
start of each ARB period (pulse width = 1/sample
rate).

Output diagram

ARB output

SYNC output

0V

0V

78

OPERATION

SYNC Output For
AM

SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50%
duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high
level when the modulated output is positive.

Output diagram

AM output

SYNC output

0V

0V

SYNC Output For
FM

SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50%
duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high
level when the modulated output is positive (The
SYNC output is synchronized to the modulated
output frequency).

Output diagram

FM output

SYNC output

0V

0V

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

SYNC Output For
FSK

SYNC output: TTL square waveform with a 50%
duty cycle. The SYNC output is at a logically high
level when the modulated output is positive (The
SYNC output is synchronized to the modulated
output frequency).

Output diagram

FSK output

SYNC output

0V

0V

SYNC Output For
Sweep

SYNC output: TTL square waveform. The SYNC
output is at a logically high level when the sweep
output is positive (The SYNC output is
synchronized to the sweep output frequency).

Output diagram

Sweep output

SYNC output

0V

0V

80

OPERATION

Panel Operation

1. Press the Shift +

Save/Recall key to either

select Save (to save the
state) or Recall (to recall
the state).

Shift

+

Save/Recall

Hz/Vpp

→ Save

2. Save or Recall will be shown in the secondary

display area.

3. Use the scroll

wheel or keypad to
choose the
save/recall
number.

or

0

/

321

4

7 859

6

Use the Enter key
to save/recall the
state.

Enter

Save and Recall State/ARB Waveform

The AFG-2000 has non-volatile memory to store instrument state
and ARB data. There are 10 memory locations numbered 0~19.
Memory locations 0~9 saves/recalls the instrument state, memory
locations 10~19 saves/recalls ARB data.
The instrument saves the following states: the selected function
(including ARB), frequency, amplitude, DC offset, duty
cycle/symmetry, and any of the modulation parameters.

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Note

The instrument state can be saved to any 10 (0~9) of
the storage locations. ARB data can be saved to any 10
(10~19) instrument locations.

When a state is saved, it overwrites the previously
saved state in the same location. If ARB data is
recalled, the current state will be overwritten.

A memory location can only be recalled if it has been
previously saved.

Example:
Save State

Example:
Recall State

82

REMOTE INTERFACE

Selecting the USB Remote Interface .................................. 85

Remote control terminal connection ................................... 85

Command Syntax ............................................................... 86

Command List ................................................................... 92

System Commands ............................................................ 94

*IDN? ................................................................................... 94

*RST...................................................................................... 94

Status Register Commands ............................................... 95

*CLS ...................................................................................... 95

Apply Commands .............................................................. 96

SOURce[1]:APPLy:SINusoid ................................................. 98

SOURce[1]:APPLy:SQUare ................................................... 98

SOURce[1]:APPLy:RAMP ...................................................... 99

SOURce[1]:APPLy:NOISe ..................................................... 99

SOURce[1]:APPLy:USER ..................................................... 100

SOURce[1]:APPLy? ............................................................. 100

Output Commands .......................................................... 102

SOURce[1]:FUNCtion ......................................................... 102

SOURce[1]:FREQuency ...................................................... 103

SOURce[1]:AMPLitude ....................................................... 105

SOURce[1]:DCOffset .......................................................... 106

SOURce[1]:SQUare:DCYCle ............................................... 106

SOURce[1]:RAMP:SYMMetry ............................................. 107

OUTPut ............................................................................... 108

SOURce[1]:VOLTage:UNIT ................................................ 109

Amplitude Modulation (AM) Commands ......................... 110

AM Overview ...................................................................... 110

SOURce[1]:AM:STATe ........................................................ 111

SOURce[1]:AM:SOURce ..................................................... 111

SOURce[1]:AM:INTernal:FUNCtion .................................. 112

SOURce[1]:AM:INTernal:FREQuency ................................ 112

SOURce[1]:AM:DEPTh ....................................................... 113

Frequency Modulation (FM) Commands ......................... 114

REMOTE INTERFACE

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

FM Overview ...................................................................... 114

SOURce[1]:FM:STATe ........................................................ 114

SOURce[1]:FM:SOURce ..................................................... 115

SOURce[1]:FM:INTernal:FUNCtion .................................. 116

SOURce[1]:FM:INTernal:FREQuency ................................ 116

SOURce[1]:FM:DEViation .................................................. 117

Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Commands ........................ 119

FSK Overview ..................................................................... 119

SOURce[1]:FSKey:STATe .................................................... 119

SOURce[1]:FSKey:SOURce ................................................ 120

SOURce[1]:FSKey:FREQuency ........................................... 120

SOURce[1]:FSKey:INTernal:RATE ...................................... 121

Frequency Sweep Commands........................................... 123

Sweep Overview ................................................................. 123

SOURce[1]:SWEep:STATe .................................................. 124

SOURce[1]:FREQuency:STARt ........................................... 124

SOURce[1]:FREQuency:STOP ............................................ 125

SOURce[1]:SWEep:SPACing .............................................. 126

SOURce[1]:SWEep:RATE ................................................... 126

SOURce[1]:SWEep:SOURce ............................................... 127

Frequency Counter Commands ........................................ 128

COUNter:GATe .................................................................. 128

COUNter:STATe ................................................................. 128

COUNter:VALue? ............................................................... 129

Arbitrary Waveform Commands ....................................... 130

Arbitrary Waveform Overview ............................................ 130

SOURce[1]:FUNCtion USER .............................................. 131

DATA:DAC .......................................................................... 131

Save and Recall Commands ............................................. 133

*SAV ................................................................................... 133

*RCL ................................................................................... 133

84

REMOTE INTERFACE

USB
configuration

PC side connector

Type A, host

AFG-2000 side
connector

Type B, slave

Speed

1.1/2.0 (full speed)

Panel Operation

1. Connect the

Type B USB—USB-A cable
from the PC to the type B
USB port on the rear panel.

2. When the PC asks for the USB driver, select

XXXXXXX.inf included in the software
package or download the driver from the GW
website, www.gwinstek.com.

3. The USB icon will appear when the USB

connection is active.

Terminal
application

Invoke the terminal application such as Hyper
Terminal. Make note of the COM port, baud rate,
stop bit, data bit, and parity accordingly from the
Windows Device Manager.

To check the COM port settings, see the Device

Manager in the PC. For WinXP, Control panel →
System → Hardware tab.

Selecting the USB Remote Interface

The AFG-2000 uses a USB interface for remote control. Connecting
to USB

Remote control terminal connection

85

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Functionality
check

Run this query command via the terminal.

*idn?

This should return the Manufacturer, Model
number, Serial number, and Firmware version in
the following format.

GW INSTEK, AFG-2125, SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm

Note

^j and ^m can be used as the terminal character
when using a terminal program.

PC Software

The proprietary PC software, downloadable from
GWInstek website, can be used to download
waveforms.

Compatible
standard

 IEEE488.2, 1992 (fully compatible)
 SCPI, 1994 (partially compatible)

Command Tree

The SCPI standard is an ASCII based standard that
defines the command syntax and structure for
programmable instruments.

Commands are based on a hierarchical tree
structure. Each command keyword is a node on
the command tree with the first keyword as the
root node. Each sub node is separated with a
colon.

Shown below is a section of the SOURce[1] root
node and the APPLy/OUTPut and
SINusoid/SQUare sub nodes.

Command Syntax

86

REMOTE INTERFACE

SOURce[1|2]

:OUTPut :APPLy

:SINusoid :SQUare

Root node

2nd node

3rd node

Command types

Commands can be separated into three distinct
types, simple commands, compound commands
and queries.

Simple

A single command with/without
a parameter

Example

*OPC

Compound

Two or more commands
separated by a colon (:)
with/without a parameter

Example

SOURce:APPLy:SQUare

Query

A query is a simple or compound
command followed by a question
mark (?). A parameter (data) is
returned. The maximum or
minimum value for a parameter
can also be queried where
applicable.

Example

SOURce1:FREQuency?
SOURce1:FREQuency? MIN

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Command forms

Commands and queries have two different forms,
long and short. The command syntax is written
with the short form of the command in capitals
and the remainder (long form) in lower case.

SOURce1:DCOffset

long long

short short

The commands can be written in capitals or lower­case, just so long as the short or long forms are
complete. An incomplete command will not be
recognized.

Below are examples of correctly written
commands:

LONG:

SOURce1:DCOffset

SOURCE1:DCOFFSET

source1:dcoffset

SHORT:

SOUR1:DCO

sour1:dco

Command
Format

SOURce1:DCOffset <

offset

>LF

1 32

4

1: command header

2: single space

3: parameter

4: message terminator

Square Brackets
[ ]

Commands that contain squares brackets indicate
that the contents are optional. The function of the
command is the same with or without the square
bracketed items. Brackets are not sent with the
command.

For example, the frequency query below can use any of
the following 3 forms:

SOURce1:FREQuency? [MINimum|MAXimum]

SOURce1:FREQuency? MAXimum

88

REMOTE INTERFACE

SOURce1:FREQuency? MINimum

SOURce1:FREQuency?

Braces { }

Commands that contain braces indicate one item
within the braces must be chosen. Braces are not
sent with the command.

Angled Brackets
< >

Angle brackets are used to indicate that a value
must be specified for the parameter. See the
parameter description below for details. Angled
brackets are not sent with the command.

Bars |

Bars are used to separate multiple parameter
choices in the command format.

Parameters

Type

Description

Example

<Boolean>

Boolean logic

0, 1/ON,OFF

<NR1>

integers

0, 1, 2, 3

<NR2>

decimal numbers

0.1, 3.14, 8.5

<NR3>

floating point

4.5e-1, 8.25e+1

<NRf>

any of NR1, 2, 3

1, 1.5, 4.5e-1

<NRf+>
<Numeric>

NRf type with a
suffix including
MINimum,
MAXimum or
DEFault
parameters.

1, 1.5, 4.5e-1

MAX, MIN,
DEF

<aard>

Arbitrary ASCII
characters.

<discrete>

Discrete ASCII
character
parameters

IMM, EXT,
MAN

<frequency>

<peak deviation
in Hz>

<rate in Hz>

NRf+ type
including
frequency unit
suffixes.

1 KHZ, 1.0 HZ,
ΜHZ

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

<amplitude>

NRf+ type
including voltage
unit suffixs.

VPP, dBm,
Vrms

<offset>

NRf+ type
including voltage
unit suffixes.

V

<seconds>

NRf+ type
including time
unit suffixes.

nS, uS, mS, S

<percent>

<depth in
percent>

NRf type

N/A

Message
terminators

LF CR

line feed code (new line) and
carriage return.

LF

line feed code (new line)

Note

^j or ^m should be used when using a terminal
program.

Command
Separators

Space

A space is used to separate a
parameter from a
keyword/command header.

Colon (:)

A colon is used to separate
keywords on each node.

Semicolon (;)

A semicolon can be used to
combine commands from different
node levels.

For example:
SOURce1:PWM:SOURce?
SOURce:PULSe:WIDTh?
SOURce1:PWM:SOURce?;SOURce
:PULSe:WIDTh?

90

REMOTE INTERFACE

Comma (,)

When a command uses multiple
parameters, a comma is used to
separate the parameters.

For example:
SOURce:APPLy:SQUare 10KHZ,2.0
VPP,-1VDC

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

Command List

System Commands ............................................................ 94

*IDN? ................................................................................... 94

*RST ..................................................................................... 94

Status Register Commands ................................................ 95

*CLS ..................................................................................... 95

Apply Commands .............................................................. 96

SOURce[1]:APPLy:SINusoid ................................................ 98

SOURce[1]:APPLy:SQUare ................................................... 98

SOURce[1]:APPLy:RAMP ..................................................... 99

SOURce[1]:APPLy:NOISe ..................................................... 99

SOURce[1]:APPLy:USER .................................................... 100

SOURce[1]:APPLy? ............................................................. 100

Output Commands .......................................................... 102

SOURce[1]:FUNCtion ........................................................ 102

SOURce[1]:FREQuency ...................................................... 103

SOURce[1]:AMPLitude ....................................................... 105

SOURce[1]:DCOffset .......................................................... 106

SOURce[1]:SQUare:DCYCle............................................... 106

SOURce[1]:RAMP:SYMMetry ............................................ 107

OUTPut .............................................................................. 108

SOURce[1]:VOLTage:UNIT ................................................ 109

Amplitude Modulation (AM) Commands ......................... 110

AM Overview ...................................................................... 110

SOURce[1]:AM:STATe ........................................................ 111

SOURce[1]:AM:SOURce .................................................... 111

SOURce[1]:AM:INTernal:FUNCtion .................................. 112

SOURce[1]:AM:INTernal:FREQuency ................................ 112

SOURce[1]:AM:DEPTh ....................................................... 113

Frequency Modulation (FM) Commands .......................... 114

FM Overview ...................................................................... 114

SOURce[1]:FM:STATe ........................................................ 114

SOURce[1]:FM:SOURce ..................................................... 115

SOURce[1]:FM:INTernal:FUNCtion .................................. 116

SOURce[1]:FM:INTernal:FREQuency ................................ 116

SOURce[1]:FM:DEViation .................................................. 117

Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Commands ........................ 119

FSK Overview ..................................................................... 119

SOURce[1]:FSKey:STATe .................................................... 119

SOURce[1]:FSKey:SOURce ................................................ 120

SOURce[1]:FSKey:FREQuency ........................................... 120

SOURce[1]:FSKey:INTernal:RATE ...................................... 121

92

REMOTE INTERFACE

Frequency Sweep Commands .......................................... 123

Sweep Overview ................................................................. 123

SOURce[1]:SWEep:STATe .................................................. 124

SOURce[1]:FREQuency:STARt ........................................... 124

SOURce[1]:FREQuency:STOP ............................................ 125

SOURce[1]:SWEep:SPACing............................................... 126

SOURce[1]:SWEep:RATE .................................................... 126

SOURce[1]:SWEep:SOURce ............................................... 127

Frequency Counter Commands ........................................ 128

COUNter:GATe .................................................................. 128

COUNter:STATe ................................................................. 128

COUNter:VALue? ............................................................... 129

Arbitrary Waveform Commands ....................................... 130

Arbitrary Waveform Overview ............................................ 130

SOURce[1]:FUNCtion USER .............................................. 131

DATA:DAC .......................................................................... 131

Save and Recall Commands ............................................. 133

*SAV ................................................................................... 133

*RCL ................................................................................... 133

93

AFG-2000 Series User Manual

*IDN?

Query

Description

Returns the function generator manufacturer,
model number, serial number and firmware
version number in the following format:

GW INSTEK,AFG-2025,SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm

Query Syntax

IDN?

Return parameter

<string>

Query Example

*IDN?

>GW INSTEK,AFG-2025,SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm

Returns the identification of the function
generator.

*RST

Set

Description

Reset the function generator to its factory default
state.

Note

Note the *RST command will not delete
instrument save states/ARB waveforms in
memory.

Syntax

*RST

System Commands

94

REMOTE INTERFACE

*CLS

Set

Description

The *CLS command clears all the event registers,
the error queue and cancels an *OPC command.

Syntax

*CLS

Status Register Commands

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

The APPLy command has 5 different types of outputs (Sine, Square,
Ramp, Noise, User(ARB)). The Apply command is the quickest,
easiest way to output waveforms remotely. Frequency, amplitude
and offset can be specified for each function.

As only basic parameters can be set with the Apply command, other
parameters, such as duty and symmetry use the instrument default
values.

The Apply command will set the trigger source to immediate and
disable modulation and sweep modes, if active. The command also
turns on the output command SOURce[1]:OUTP ON.

As the frequency, amplitude and offset parameters are in nested
square brackets, the amplitude can only be specified if the frequency
has been specified and the offset can only be specified if the
amplitude has been set. See the syntax below for the example:

SOURce1:APPLy:<function> [<frequency> [,<amplitude>
[,<offset>] ]]

Output Frequency

For the output frequency, MINimum, MAXimum
and DEFault can be used instead of specifying a
frequency. The default frequency for all functions
is set to 1 kHz.

The maximum and minimum frequency depends
on the function used and the model of the
frequency generator. If a frequency output that is
out of range is specified, the max/min frequency
will be used instead. A ―-222‖ error will be
generated from the remote terminal.

Function

Min frequency

Max frequency

Sine

0.1Hz

25MHz*

Apply Commands

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REMOTE INTERFACE

Square

0.1Hz

25MHz*

Ramp

0.1Hz

1MHz

Noise

Not applicable

Not applicable

User (ARB)

0.1Hz

20MHz

*The AFG-2005/2105 is limited to 5MHz, the AFG­2012/2112 is limited to 12MHz.

Output
Amplitude

When setting the amplitude, MINimum,
MAXimum and DEFault can be used instead of
specifying an amplitude. The range depends on
the function being used. The default amplitude for
all functions is 100 mVpp (into 50Ω).

Vrms, dBm or Vpp units can be used to specify the
output units to use with the current command.
Note, however, that the VOLT:UNIT command
can be used to set the default units (Vrms, dBm,
Vpp) for all commands. This will be applicable to
the Apply command when no unit is specified. The
unit default is set to Vpp.

The output amplitude can be affected by the
function and unit chosen. Vpp and Vrms or dBm
values may have different maximum values due to
differences such as crest factor. For example, a
5Vrms square wave will be adjusted to 3.536 Vrms
for a sine wave.

DC Offset voltage

The offset parameter can be set to MINimum,
MAXimum or DEFault instead of a specified DC
offset value. The default DC offset is 0 volts.

The maximum and minimum DC offset is limited
by the output amplitude as shown below.

|Voffset| < Vmax – Vpp/2

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AFG-2000 Series User Manual

This means that the magnitude of the DC offset is
determined by the output amplitude.

If the specified DC offset is out of range, the
maximum/minimum offset will be set instead. A
―-222‖ error will be generated from the remote
terminal.

SOURce[1]:APPLy:SINusoid

Set

Description

Outputs a sine wave when the command has
executed. Frequency, amplitude and offset can also
be set.

Syntax

SOURce[1]:APPLy:SINusoid [<frequency>
[,<amplitude> [,<offset>] ]]

Parameter

<frequency>

0.1Hz~25MHz*

<amplitude>

1mV~10Vpp (50Ω)

<offset>

-5V ~ +5V (50Ω)

*AFG-2005/2105 limited to 5MHz, AFG-2012/2112
limited to 12MHz.

Example

SOURce1:APPL:SIN MAX, 3.0, -2.5

Outputs a 3Vpp sine wave at 25MHz (max
frequency) with a -2.5V offset.

SOURce[1]:APPLy:SQUare

Set

Description

Outputs a square wave when the command has
executed. Frequency, amplitude and offset can also
be set. The duty cycle is fixed to 50%.

Syntax

SOURce[1]:APPLy:SQUare [<frequency> [,<amplitude>
[,<offset>] ]]

Parameter

<frequency>

0.1Hz ~ 25MHz*

<

amplitude

>

1mV~10V (50Ω)

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