This chapter contains important safety instructions
that should be followed when operating and
storing the function generator. Read the following
before any operation to ensure your safety and to
keep the function generator in the best condition.
Safety Symbols
These safety symbols may appear in this manual or on the
instrument.
WARNING
CAUTION
Warning: Identifies conditions or practices that
could result in injury or loss of life.
Caution: Identifies conditions or practices that
could result in damage to the function generator or
to other objects or property.
DANGER High Voltage
Attention: Refer to the Manual
Protective Conductor Terminal
Earth (Ground) Terminal
DANGER Hot Surface
7
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Double Insulated
Do not dispose electronic equipment as unsorted
municipal waste. Please use a separate collection
facility or contact the supplier from which this
instrument was purchased.
Safety Guidelines
General
Guideline
CAUTION
• Do not place heavy objects on the instrument.
• Do not place flammable objects on the
• Avoid severe impact or rough handling that
• Avoid discharges of static electricity on or near
• Use only mating connectors, not bare wires, for
• The instrument should only be disassembled by
instrument.
may damage the function generator.
the function generator.
the terminals.
a qualified technician.
Power Supply
WARNING
Fuse
WARNING
8
• DC Input voltage: 5V/2A.
• Do not exceed an input voltage of 5V±5%.
• Fuse type: F3.15A/125V.
• Only qualified technicians should replace the
fuse.
• To ensure fire protection, replace the fuse only
with the specified type and rating.
• Disconnect the power and all test leads before
replacing the fuse.
• Make sure the cause of fuse blowout is fixed
before replacing the fuse.
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Cleaning the
function
generator
Operation
Environment
Storage
environment
• Disconnect the power cord before cleaning the
function generator.
• Use a soft cloth dampened in a solution of mild
detergent and water. Do not spray any liquid
into the function generator.
• Do not use chemicals containing harsh products
such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and acetone.
• Location: Indoor, no direct sunlight, dust free,
almost non-conductive pollution (Note below)
and avoid strong magnetic fields.
• Relative Humidity: < 80%
• Altitude: < 2000m
• Temperature: 0°C to 40°C
(Pollution Degree) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies pollution degrees and
their requirements as follows. The function generator falls under
degree 2.
Pollution refers to “addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid, or
gaseous (ionized gases), that may produce a reduction of dielectric
strength or surface resistivity”.
• Pollution degree 1: No pollution or only dry, non-conductive
pollution occurs. The pollution has no influence.
• Pollution degree 2: Normally only non-conductive pollution
occurs. Occasionally, however, a temporary conductivity caused
by condensation must be expected.
• Pollution degree 3: Conductive pollution occurs, or dry,
non-conductive pollution occurs which becomes conductive due
to condensation which is expected. In such conditions,
equipment is normally protected against exposure to direct
sunlight, precipitation, and full wind pressure, but neither
temperature nor humidity is controlled.
• Location: Indoor
• Relative Humidity: < 70%
• Temperature: -10°C ~ 70°C
9
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Disposal
Do not dispose this instrument as unsorted
municipal waste. Please use a separate collection
facility or contact the supplier from which this
instrument was purchased. Please make sure
discarded electrical waste is properly recycled to
reduce environmental impact.
10
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
GETTING STARTED
The Getting started chapter introduces the
function generator’s main features, appearance
and introduces a quick instructional summary of
some of the basic functions. For comprehensive
operation instructions, please see the operation
chapter.
These LEDs indicate the immediate
status of the power supply function
on the AFG-125P/225P:
2.5V
3.5V
5V
OVER LOAD
2.5V output is on
3.5V output is on
5V output is on
Overload condition
Negative output port
Ground port
Positive output port
Sync output. A TTL signal is output
as the sweep marker or sync output
signal.
1
CH1 (Signal 1) output.
50Ω
13
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
C
H
CH2
Rear Panel
Ven t
USB Device Port
Input Power
2
50Ω
VentUSB Device PortInput Power
Cooling vent.
CH1 (Signal 2) output
(AFG-225/AFG-225P only).
DC 5V
INPUT
2A MAX.
Interfaces with the GDS-2000A and
can also provide power.
Input power source:
DC 5V; 2A max.
14
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
System Requirements
Operating System
Microsoft Windows XP
Microsoft Windows 7
Microsoft Windows Vista
CPU
Memory
Hard Disk Space
Supports
USB2.0(compatible
with USB1.1)
300MHz
256MB
100MB
The USB 2.0 Universal Serial Bus specification is
supported with transfer rates from USB1.1 to
USB2.0.
Software Installation
Close all the programs that are currently running.
Insert the included installation CD into your CD-ROM drive, and
execute the following steps:
1. Execute the installer on the CD. Install the software step by step
by following the prompts.
2. Connect hardware after the installation is completed. The
computer will automatically search for the new hardware and
install its driver. You can start to use the signal generator after
the driver is installed.
15
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Setup the Signal Generator
PC
Communication
1. Plug the power adapter into
the power input port on the
rear panel.
2. Connect the type B end of
the accessory USB cable to
the USB B port on the signal
generator, and then connect
the type A end of the USB
cable to the USB A port on
the computer.
3. Turn on the PC and control the signal generator
through the PC software.
The signal generator is ready for use.
16
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Default Settings
The command *RST is used to restore the default
panel settings.
Output Settings
Modulation
(AM/FM/FSK/
PM/SUM)
Function Sine Wave
Frequency 1kHz
Amplitude 1.000 Vpp
Offset 0.00V dc
Output units Vpp
Output terminal 50Ω
Power OFF
Sync OFF
Carrier wave 1kHz sine wave
Modulation wave 100Hz sine wave
AM depth 100%
FM deviation 100Hz
*RST
Sweep
FSK hop frequency 100Hz
FSK frequency 10Hz
PM phase deviation 180˚
SUM amplitude 50%
Modem status Off
Start/Stop frequency 100Hz/1kHz
Sweep time 1s
Sweep type Linear
17
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Burst
System Settings
Sweep status Off
Burst frequency 1kHz
Ncycle 1
Burst period 10ms
Burst starting phase 0˚
Burst status Off
Power off signal On
Error queue Cleared
Memory settings No change
Output Off
18
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
REMOTE INTERFACE
Establishing a Remote Connection ....................................19
Configure USB interface.......................................................19
Remote control terminal connection...................................20
1. Connect the USB cable to the
rear panel USB B (slave) port.
2. When the PC asks for the
USB driver, select
XXXXXXX.inf included in the
software package or
download the driver from the
GW website,
www.gwinstek.com
1.1/2.0 (full speed)
.
19
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Remote control terminal connection
Te rm i na l
application
Functionality
check
PC Software
Invoke the terminal application such as MTTTY
(Multi-Threaded TTY). For USB, set the COM port,
baud rate, stop bit, data bit, and parity
accordingly.
To check the COM port No, see the Device
Manager in the PC. For WinXP, Control panel →
System → Hardware tab.
Run this query command via the terminal.
*idn?
This should return the Manufacturer, Model
number, Serial number, and Firmware version in
the following format.
GW INSTEK, AFG-X25X, SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm
Note: ^j or ^m can be used as the terminal
character when using a terminal program.
The proprietary PC software, downloadable from
GWInstek website, can be used for remote control.
20
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Command Syntax
Compatible
standard
• IEEE488.2, 1992 (fully compatible)
• SCPI, 1994 (partially compatible)
Command Tree
The SCPI standard is an ASCII based standard that
defines the command syntax and structure for
programmable instruments.
Commands are based on a hierarchical tree
structure. Each command keyword is a node on
the command tree with the first keyword as the
root node. Each sub node is separated with a
colon.
Shown below is a section of the SOURce[1|2]
root node and the :PM and :PULSe sub nodes.
Command types
Commands can be separated in to three distinc
types, simple commands, compound commands
and queries.
Simple
A single command with/without
a parameter
Example *OPC
Compound
Two or more commands
separated by a colon (:)
with/without a parameter
Example SOURce1:PULSe:WIDTh
21
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Query
A query is a simple or compound
command followed by a question
mark (?). A parameter (data) is
returned. The maximum or
minimum value for a parameter
can also be queried where
applicable.
Example
SOURce1:FREQuency?
SOURce1:FREQuency? MIN
Command forms
Commands and queries have two different forms,
long and short. The command syntax is written
with the short form of the command in capitals
and the remainder (long form) in lower case.
The commands can be written in capitals or
lower-case, just so long as the short or long forms
are complete. An incomplete command will not be
recognized.
Below are examples of correctly written
commands:
LONG SOURce1:DCOffset
SOURCE1:DCOFFSET
source1:dcoffset
SHORT
SOUR1:DCO
sour1:dco
22
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Command
Format
1: command header
2: single space
3: parameter
4: message terminator
Square Brackets []
Commands that contain squares brackets indicate
that the contents are optional. The function of the
command is the same with or without the square
bracketed items. Brackets are not sent with the
command.
For example, the frequency query below can use any of
the following 3 forms:
SOURce1:FREQuency? [MINimum|MAXimum]
SOURce1:FREQuency? MAXimum
SOURce1:FREQuency? MINimum
SOURce1:FREQuency?
Braces {}
Commands that contain braces indicate one item
within the braces must be chosen. Braces are not
sent with the command.
Angled Brackets
<>
Angle brackets are used to indicate that a value
must be specified for the parameter. See the
parameter description below for details. Angled
brackets are not sent with the command.
Bars |
Bars are used to separate multiple parameter
choices in the command format.
Parameters Type Description Example
<Boolean>
<NR1>
<NR2>
<NR3>
<NRf>
Boolean logic 0, 1/ON,OFF
integers 0, 1, 2, 3
decimal numbers
0.1, 3.14, 8.5
floating point 4.5e-1, 8.25e+1
any of NR1, 2, 3 1, 1.5, 4.5e-1
23
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
<NRf+>
<Numeric>
NRf type with a
suffix including
MINimum,
MAXimum or
DEFault
parameters.
<aard>
Arbitrary ASCII
characters.
<discrete>
Discrete ASCII
character
parameters
<frequency>
<peak deviation
in Hz>
<rate in Hz>
<amplitude>
NRf+ type
including
frequency unit
suffixes.
NRf+ type
including voltage
peak to peak.
<offset>
NRf+ type
including volt
unit suffixes.
1, 1.5, 4.5e-1
MAX, MIN,
IMM, MAN
1 KHZ, 1.0 HZ,
ΜHZ
VPP
V
<seconds>
NRf+ type
including time
unit suffixes.
<percent>
NRf type N/A
<depth in
percent>
Message
terminators
LF
EOI
Note
LF CR
line feed code (new line) and
carriage return.
line feed code (new line)
IEEE-488 EOI (End-Or-Identify)
^j or ^m should be used when using a terminal
program.
24
NS, S MS US
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Command
Separators
Semicolon (;)
Colon +
Comma (,)
Space
Colon (:)
Semicolon (:;)
A space is used to separate a
parameter from a
keyword/command header.
A colon is used to separate
keywords on each node.
A semi colon is used to separate
subcommands that have the same
node level.
For example:
SOURce[1|2]:DCOffset?
SOURce[1|2]:OUTPut?
ÆSOURce1:DCOffset?;OUTPut?
A colon and semicolon can be
used to combine commands from
different node levels.
When a command uses multiple
parameters, a comma is used to
separate the parameters.
For example:
SOURce:APPLy:SQUare 10KHZ, 2.0
VPP, -1V
25
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
System Command
SYSTem:ERRor?
Description
Query Syntax SYSTem:ERRor?
Return parameter <string> Returns an error string,
Example SYSTem:ERRor?
Reads an error from the error queue. See page122
for details regarding the error queue.
-138 Suffix not allowed
Returns an error string.
*IDN?
Description
Query Syntax *IDN?
Return parameter <string>
Example *IDN?
Returns the function generator manufacturer,
model number, serial number and firmware
version number in the following format:
GW INSTEK,AFG-X25X,SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm
GW INSTEK,AFG-225,SN:XXXXXXXX,Vm.mm
System Query
<256 ASCII characters.
System Query
26
Returns the identification of the function
generator.
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
*RST
Description
Reset the function generator to its factory default
System Command
state.
Note
Note the *RST command will not delete
instrument save states in memory.
Syntax *RST
SYSTem:VERSion?
Description
Performs a system version query. Returns a string
System Query
with the instrument, firmware version, FPGA
revision
Query Syntax SYSTem:VERSion?
Return parameter <string>
Example SYST:VERS?
AFG-225 VX.XXX_XXXX
*OPC
Description
Returns the year and version for that year (1).
System Command
This command sets the Operation Complete Bit
(bit 0) of the Standard Event Status Register after
the function generator has completed all pending
operations. For the AFG-200 series, the *OPC
command is used to indicate when a sweep or
burst has completed.
Note
Before the OPC bit is set, other commands may be
executed.
Syntax *OPC
27
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
*OPC?
Description
Note
Query Syntax *OPC?
Return parameter 1
Example *OPC?
Returns the OPC bit to the output buffer when all
pending operations have completed. I.e. when the
OPC bit is set.
Commands cannot be executed until the *OPC?
query has completed.
1
Returns a “1” when all pending operations are
complete.
*WAI
Description
Note
This command waits until all pending operations
have completed before executing additional
commands. I.e., when the OPC bit is set.
This command is only used for triggered sweep
and burst modes.
System Query
System Command
Syntax *WAI
28
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Status Register Commands
*CLS
Description
Syntax *CLS
The *CLS command clears all the event registers,
the error queue and cancels an *OPC command.
*ESE
Description
Note
Syntax *ESE <enable value>
Parameter
Example *ESE 20
The Standard Event Status Enable command
determines which events in the Standard Event
Status Event register can set the Event Summary
Bit (ESB) of the Status Byte register. Any bit
positions set to 1 enable the corresponding event.
Any enabled events set bit 5 (ESB) of the Status
Byte register.
The *CLS command clears the event register, but
not the enable register.
<enable value> 0~255
Sets a bit weight of 20 (bits 2 and 4).
System Command
System Command
Query Syntax *ESE?
Return Parameter
Bit Register Bit Register
0 Not used 4 Message Available
1 Not used 5 Standard Event
2 Error Queue 6 Master Summary
3 Questionable
Data
7 Not used
29
AFG-200 SERIES USER MANUAL
Example *ESE?
4
*ESR?
Description
Bit 2 is set.
System Command
Reads and clears the Standard Event Status
Register. The bit weight of the standard event
status register is returned.
Note
The *CLS will also clear the standard event status
register.
Query Syntax *ESR?
Return Parameter Bit Register Bit Register
0 Operation
4 Execution Error
Complete
1 Not Used 5 Command Error
2 Query Error 6 Not Used
3 Device Error 7 Power On
Query Example *ESR?
5
Returns the bit weight of the standard event status
register (bit 0 and 2).
*STB?
Description
Note
Syntax *STB?
30
Reads the Status byte condition register.
Bit 6, the master summary bit, is not cleared.
System Command
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