Groth 1400 User Manual

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Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual for

Pilot Operated Valves

Models 1400, 1420, 1430, 1460

IOM1400.0

January 2, 2014

REV A 12393

REF. ID 98136

IOM1400.0

REV. A 12541

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION PAGE

Introduction Pilot Valve Design and Function Safety Warnings Shipping, Inspection and Storage Installation Maintenance Disassembly Assembly Figures and Tables Troubleshooting Guide Customer’s Notes How to Order Product Limited Warranty

LIST OF FIGURES

1. Tank Installation - Safety Equipment

2. Groth Nameplate

3. Valve Port Identification

4. Available Seat Configurations

5. Model 1400

6. Model 1420

7. Model 1430

8. Model 1460

LIST OF TABLES

1. 1400 Series Pilot Operated Valve Models

2. Body Flange Gasket Dimensions

3. Recommended Min. Torque Values

4. Notes for Figure 4 Thru Figure 7

5. Part no. for Vacuum Pallet Assy.

6. Lubricants – Specifications

7. Troubleshooting Guide

8. Abbreviations

NOTE: For a list of abbreviations used in this manual, refer to Table 8.

1 3 3 4 4 5 5 6

6 12 13 14 14

9 10 11

7 12

12 12

INTRODUCTION

Pressure and/or vacuum relief valves are used on liquid storage tanks and other process vessels or systems to prevent structural damage due to excess internal pressure or vacuum.

Storage tanks are pressurized when liquid is pumped in, compressing the existing vapor or when increasing temperature causes increased evaporation or expansion of existing vapor. Conversely, a vacuum may be created when pumping out or due to decreasing temperature. To prevent damage, vapor must be allowed to escape or enter the tank at a specified pressure or vacuum condition. The volume rate of venting depends upon the tank size, volatility of the contents, the pumping rate and the temperature. See API Standard 2000 for the procedures to determine venting requirements.

The pilot operated relief valve has two principal advantages over other types of relief valves:

1) It is bubble tight to set pressure.

2) It achieves the full open position at 10% above set pressure.

These characteristics permit operating pressures nearer to the maximum allowable working pressure of the tank. High operating pressures reduce evaporation and total venting volume, thereby reducing product loss and the cost of processing emissions. A tank may also have provisions for emergency pressure relief due to fire exposure and/or inert gas blanketing of the vapor space. A typical tank installation is shown in Figure 1 which includes a 1400 Pilot Operated Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valve, a Gas Blanketing Regulator (Model 3011) and a 2500 Emergency Pressure Relief Valve which provides protection under fire or other abnormal conditions. Groth Corporation manufactures all of these devices.

A Pilot Operated Valve (POV) must be carefully maintained by a qualified valve technician. It should only be assembled under clean conditions, preferably in a service shop environment. Carefully read and understand this manual before attempting to repair a 1400 series POV. Groth Corporation provides repair services for all products manufactured by the Groth Products Group.

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FIGURE 1: TANK INSTALLATION - SAFETY EQUIPMENT





*Pressure relief is pilot operated, vacuum relief is weight loaded.

The 1400 Series Pilot Operated Valves are designed to provide pressure and/or vacuum relief for API 620 and 650 tanks. Several configurations are available; these are summarized in Table 1 below. Each type is available with either a standard FEP film or with an O-Ring pallet. A variety of material options are available depending on the type of service.

TABLE 1 : 1400 SERIES MODELS

(Pilot Operated Pressure Valves)

Model P V Vacuum Operation

1400 1420 1430 1460

The 1420 and 1460 POV are designed to be used in header systems where the vapors are piped away to a vapor recovery unit. The 1400 and 1430 POV’s vent to atmosphere.

   

 

Weight Loaded Weight Loaded

Not Available Not Available

The nameplate below shows the basic information that is listed on each relief valve:

FIGURE 2: GROTH NAMEPLATE

For more information about these valves, please contact:

Groth Corporation

13650 N. Promenade Blvd,

Stafford, Texas 77477

281-295-6800 (phone)

281-295-6995 (fax)

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PILOT VALVE DESIGN AND FUNCTION

Each application must be reviewed to ensure material compatibility of all metal and soft good components with the service conditions. The pallet assembly and wetted components are available in Aluminum or 316 SS; they may be upgraded to Alloy C276 or other alloys for severe corrosive service. Diaphragms are all FEP film; other soft goods can be specified as Buna-N, FKM, or FFKM. The standard sense tubing is 316 SS; it is available in PVDF for severe corrosive chemicals.

The pilot valve is set at the factory to comply with the specification on the purchase order. The range of adjustment will depend on the spring installed and will be stamped on the nameplate. The pressure setting may be

SAFETY WARNINGS

This section is an overview of safety guidelines that should be followed during the installation, operation, and maintenance of your valve. To understand the context of these instructions and warnings, read and understand this complete manual.

The purpose of a POV is to prevent excessive pressure in a tank or process system. The valve must be designed for the proper MAWP and flow requirements of the system. Consult API Standard 2000 for tank protection sizing procedures. An improperly specified or functioning relief valve may result in structural damage to the tank or system.

In the event of an actuator diaphragm failure, the valve will vent pressure to the atmosphere, causing the pressure relief valve to fail in the OPEN position. The valve will function like a weight loaded valve under this condition with a lower setting point, and will normally provide rated flow capacity. Consult factory for any questions related to this over-pressure condition.

POV relief pressure and blowdown are set at the factory per purchase order specifications.

The set pressure and range of adjustability are stamped on the pilot valve nameplate. DO NOT

attempt to readjust the set pressure beyond the limit specified on the nameplate.

changed within the design range either while on line or in a service shop. Observe the proper setting and testing procedure in the appropriate pilot valve manual.

This manual is intended to provide recommended procedures and practices for installation, operation, and maintenance of the Groth Series 1400 Pilot Operated Valve (POV) Series. Any standard procedures and practices developed for a specific plant or process may supersede this manual. Although this manual cannot cover all possible contingencies, following these guidelines should provide safe, reliable pilot valve performance.

Note: This manual covers the operation and maintenance of only the main valve; refer to the appropriate manual for the pilot valve instructions.

The pilot sense line is either 3/8" OD SS tubing, or 1/2" NPT PVDF pipe. It must be kept open and unobstructed to ensure that the pilot "senses" actual tank pressure. For applications where tank vapors may condense or "polymerize" in the sense tube or pilot valve, a nitrogen purge may be required to prevent internal obstruction of the tube. Consult the factory for recommendations.

DO NOT attempt to remove the pilot valve from the main valve without removing or isolating the relief valve from the system. ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF PRESSURE RELIEF MUST BE PROVIDED WHEN THE VALVE IS OUT OF SERVICE. After isolating the relief valve, bleed all pressure from both main and pilot valve before removing the valve. Consult the pilot valve manual before attempting to repair it. Both the pilot valve and POV are exposed to process vapors. Observe all plant procedures and Material Safety Data Sheet recommendations for the products in the system when inspecting, adjusting or servicing the valves. Vents on the body and spring bonnet of the pilot valve must be clean and unobstructed for proper and safe operation of the valve. These vents should be inspected periodically, and cleaned or replaced, if necessary.

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SHIPPING, INSPECTION AND STORAGE

The POV is packed and supported to prevent damage or contamination during shipping. It should be similarly protected during subsequent handling and storage. Always keep all ports plugged to prevent intrusion of foreign materials. Inspect the valve for any sign of damage that may have occurred in shipment and report this to the carrier. If there are indications of physical damage or internal contamination, the valve must be disassembled, cleaned and inspected before installation. The spring adjustment cap and blowdown screw locknut will be "car sealed" to ensure that the factory pressure setting has not been altered.

Inspect the valve for any sign of damage that may have occurred in shipment and report this to the carrier and Groth Corporation.

Lifting eyes are provided on the upper actuator for handling the valve. To avoid damage to the lower flange surface, set the valve on a soft clean gasket material until it is ready to be installed. It should be stored in a clean environment until it is to be mounted on the tank.

The pilot pickup fitting is in the body and must be kept completely free of all foreign materials. DO NOT store the valve directly on the ground.

INSTALLATION

The 1400 Series valves are precision devices that must be handled carefully to ensure seat tightness.

1. At installation, the valve should be smoothly lifted into position using the lifting eyes on the actuator. Use the actuator housing to align the valve directly over the tank nozzle. Do NOT use the pilot valve or pickup line to pull the valve into position.

2. Aluminum valve bodies should be connected with flat faced 150# ANSI flanges. A full faced gasket is recommended. Mating flanges should be flat within .020" and clean, free of scratches, corrosion and tool marks.

3. Each valve is leak tested at the factory as part of our standard inspection procedures.

4. Inspect the gasket; make sure that the material is suitable for the service. Gasket dimensions are listed below, Table 2. Full gaskets must be used with flat face flanges.

Either full or ring gaskets may be used with raised face flanges.

Table 2

Body Flange Gasket Dimensions

150# ANSI

Flange*

2” RF 4.12 2.38 --- --- --3” RF 5.38 3.50 --- --- --4" RF 6.88 4.50 --- --- --6” RF 8.75 6.62 --- --- ---

8” RF 11.00 8.62 --- --- --10” RF 13.38 10.80 --- --- --12” RF 16.12 12.80 --- --- ---

2" FF 6.00 2.00 4.75 0.75 4

3" FF 7.50 3.00 6.00 0.75 4

4” FF 9.00 4.00 7.50 0.75 8

6” FF 11.00 6.00 9.50 0.88 8

8” FF 13.50 8.00 11.75 0.88 8 10” FF 16.00 10.0 14.25 1.00 12 12” FF 19.00 12.0 17.00 1.00 12

* RF = Raised Face, FF = Flat Face

O.D.

(IN)

I.D. (IN)

B.C.

(IN)

Hole

(IN)

Qty

5. Lubricate all studs and nuts with an appropriate thread lubricant. If stainless steel fasteners are used, use an anti-seize lubricant such as moly-disulfide (Table 6).

6. Center the gasket within the bolt circle of the tank nozzle flange.

7. Set the valve carefully on the nozzle.

8. Install nuts and lock-washers and torque all fasteners to half the recommended value in a staggered, alternating pattern. Consult

with Plant and/or Maintenance Personnel for appropriate practices and standards.

Table 3

Recommended Minimum Torque Values*

Size

10” 12 7/ 8” - 9 75 138 12” 12 7/ 8” - 9 93 179

*Note: Torque values are based on a gasket factor m = 3.5, gasket factor y = 4000 psi, operating pressure = 30 psi

Qty

Holes

2” 4 5/ 8” - 11 31 81 3” 4 5/ 8” - 11 43 106 4” 8 5/ 8” - 11 29 68 6” 8 3/ 4” - 10 51 101 8” 8 3/ 4” - 10 78 142

Bolt

(UNC)

Torque (lb-ft)

Raised Face Flat Face

9. Make sure that the flanges are not distorted and that the gasket is evenly compressed.

10. Make up the final torque and check that no further nut rotation occurs.

11. Normally, the pilot sense is integral to the valve assembly. However, if the optional

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remote sense connection is specified, an external sense line must be installed. See the appropriate manual or attached tag for recommendations. If the valve utilizes a 1402 Pilot Valve, there will be two connections to the tank. The connections can only be combined (with a tee) at the tank connection.

4. Body - nozzle flange joint gasket

Refer to the troubleshooting section of this manual or the pilot valve manual for probable causes for these type of problems.

The main and pilot valve actuator housings, valve bodies, pallet assemblies and other components are exposed to the process vapor.

MAINTENANCE

Safety Warning

If the valve must be removed from the tank for any reason, make sure that all pressure has been released before the flange fasteners are loosened. Refer to your company procedures before venting the tank pressure and when handling toxic or otherwise hazardous materials.

Observe all standard safety precautions as specified on Material Safety Data Sheets for the product(s) in the system while removing the valve and when repairing it.

The 1460 POV does not require routine lubrication or adjustments. It should be checked periodically, at least twice a year, to confirm that the valve is functioning properly and that the set point is correct. Test connections can be provided to facilitate testing the valve in the field.

The pilot valve is designed to function in a failsafe manner. The failure of a seal or diaphragm will cause pressure to be vented to the atmosphere; the resulting loss in pressure will cause the main valve to open under rising pressure.

Periodic inspection for seat tightness should be done to ensure compliance with local air pollution control requirements. If the valve relieves to the atmosphere, this may accomplished with a gas detector calibrated for the principle product in the system.

The valve will need to be periodically removed from the tank for inspection of diaphragms, gaskets and seals. When this is done, the valve must be handled carefully using the lifting eyes on the actuator housing.

Refer to handling instructions listed in the Installation section of this manual.

If a vapor leak is detected, it will likely be from one of the following sources:

1. Pilot valve

2. Main valve actuator

3. Main valve diaphragm

DISASSEMBLY

The 1400 series valves can be simplified into three modules. These modules can be seen in the figures below:

Weatherhood (with Pilot) Outlet (with Pilot) Vacuum (integral with body)

Before any disassembly or assembly, make sure that there is NO PRESSURE (positive or negative) in the system.

Outlet/ Weatherhood Disassembly

1. Disconnect the tubing connections (pilot to

main valve).

2. Remove the pilot valve. Refer to appropriate

pilot valve manual for disassembly instructions.

3. Remove all fasteners holding the actuator

housings together.

4. Carefully lift the upper housing to avoid

damaging the actuator diaphragm.

5. Remove the housing gaskets.

6. Remove the actuator diaphragm and the

screw holding the support plate.

7. Remove the actuator support plate.

8. Remove the fasteners holding the lower

housing to the body (Models 1420 & 1460), or weatherhood posts (Models 1400 &

1430).

9. Lift lower housing and stem guide assembly.

This assembly will slide over the stem.

10. Lift the stem and pallet assembly out of the

valve, invert it, and hold the stem in a soft chuck vise (to avoid damage to the stem).

11. Remove the nut, to disassemble the pallet

assembly.

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Vacuum Disassembly

1. Remove the nuts from the cover.

2. Lift the cover.

3. Remove the gasket.

4. Lift the stem-pallet assembly. (Make note of the weights. The valve must be reassembled with the weights in the same location to achieve the specified settings.)

5. Invert the assembly.

6. Remove the nut holding the assembly together.

ASSEMBLY

Inspect all guides for corrosions, damage or product build up. Also inspect the vacuum cover guide bore. Check the metal seating surfaces for pitting, corrosion or product build up. It is

recommended to replace ALL soft goods including diaphragms, O-Rings and cover gaskets. Note, the stem guide has internal

Fluoropolymer bushings.

TABLE 4 : NOTES FOR FIGURE 5 THROUGH FIGURE 8

NOTE DESCRIPTION

1 Pallet Diaphragms & O-Rings. These soft goods should be replaced each time the valve is

disassembled. Standard material options include FEP, Buna, FKM, & FFKM.

2 Gaskets: Non-Asbestos Fiber. These should be replaced each time the valve is

disassembled.

3 Bushing Guides: Fluoropolymer. At assembly, inspect stem travel through guides. The

stem should slide smoothly with minimal drag. Replace as required.

4 Actuator Diaphragms & Gaskets. Replace each time valve is disassembled they are

available only in FEP.

FIGURE 3: VALVE PORT IDENTIFICATION

If the seats are damaged they must be lapped using a flat ground metal disc with fine grit emery cloth attached and lapping compound. Wipe the seating surface clean before assembly.

To assemble a valve, reverse the disassembly procedure.

FIGURES AND TABLES

The following figures are to assist in identifying components during disassembly and assembly of the Groth 1400 Series valves. The actual configurations might vary because of special applications and customers’ request, but the operation and function is similar.

Figure 5 through Figure 8 include a NOTE column. For an explanation of the NOTES, see Table 4 below.

 For Lubricants suggested, see Table 6.  For Troubleshooting Guide, see Table 7.  For Abbreviations, see Table 8.

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ITEM DESCRIPTION

1 Pallet* 2 Seat** 3

Diaphragm (Fig 4.1) O-ring (Fig 4.2)

FIGURE 4 : AVAILABLE SEAT CONFIGURATIONS

FIGURE 4: AVAILABLE SEAT CONFIGURATIONS

Fig. 4.1 Fig 4.2

* Actual pallet may not resemble drawing. Pallet design varies with operation. ** Seat can be integral (machined into body), or a ring insert. (Depends on the body material).

TABLE 5 : PART NUMBERS FOR VACUUM PALLET ASSEMBLIES

Component

2" 3" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12"

FEP Diaphragm, 10 mil FEP Diaphragm, 20 mil Gasket, Outlet (bottom) Gasket, Cover (top) O-Ring (plate pallet) -FKM

Setting < 4 OSI 4 - 8 OSI 8 - 12 OSI 12 - 16 OSI

Diaphragm 10 mil 20 mil 10 mil 20 mil 10 mil 20 mil 10 mil 20 mil Quantity 1 --- --- 1 1 1 --- 2

80040162 80040362 80040562 80040762 80040962 80041162 80041362 80040154 80040357 80040568 80040761 80040963 80041167 80041354 80040159 80040359 80040559 80040759 80040959 80041159 80041359 80040158 80040358 80040558 80040758 80040958 80041158 80041358

89107010 ( #010 70 durometer) 89107012 ( #012 70 durometer)

Valve Size

* Please provide the valve serial number and pressure/vacuum settings when ordering replacement parts.

FIGURE 5: MODEL 1400

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ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTE

1 Pilot Valve Assembly 2 Pipe Nipple 3 Upper Diaphragm Case 4 Lifting Eye 5 Gasket – Actuator 4 6 Hex Bolt 7 Hex Nut 8 Lock Washer

9 Weatherhood 10 Cover – Vacuum 11 Lock Washer 12 Hex Nut 13 Stud 14 Gasket – Cover 2 15 Body 16 Guide Rod – Vacuum 17 Pallet – Vacuum 18 Retainer Plate – Vacuum 19 Diaphragm – Vacuum 1 20 Stem – Vacuum 21 Hex Nut 22 Lock Washer 23 Tubing 24 Male Connector

ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTE

25 Connector 26 Weatherhood Post 27 Lock Washer 28 Hex Nut 29 Pallet – Pressure 30 Diaphragm, Pressure Pallet 1 31 Retainer Plate – Pressure 32 Swivel Fitting 33 Belleville Washer 34 Hex Nut 35 Seal - Guides 1 36 Stem Guide 37 Washer – Stem Guide 38 Hex Jam Nut 39 Bushing 3 40 Set Screw 41 Stem – Pressure 42 Screw 43 Support Plate 44 Diaphragm 4 45 Screen 46 Lower Diaphragm Case 47 Male Connector

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FIGURE 6: MODEL 1420

ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTE

1 Pilot Valve Assembly 2 Pipe Nipple 3 Button Head Cap Screw 4 Lifting Eye 5 Support Plate 6 Diaphragm, Actuator 4 7 Hex Bolt 8 Lock Washer

9 Set Screw 10 Outlet 11 Stem Guide 12 Bushing 3 13 Swivel Fitting 14 Pallet 15 Gasket 2 16 Vent – Cover 17 Stud 18 Lock Washer 19 Hex Nut 20 Gasket 2 21 Guide Rod 22 Stem 23 Body 24 Diaphragm – Vacuum Pallet 1 25 Retainer Plate 26 Seat Ring 27 Lock Washer

ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTE

28 Hex Nut 29 Pallet 30 Seat Ring 31 Retainer Plate 32 Hex Nut 33 Belleville Washer 34 Male Connector 35 Stud 36 Hex Nut 37 Lock Washer 38 Union Connector 39 Tubing 40 Drain Plug 41 Diaphragm, Pressure Pallet 1 42 Seal 1 43 Stem 44 Washer 45 Gasket 2 46 Lower Diaphragm Case 47 Gasket, Actuator 4 48 Hex Bolt 49 Hex Nut 50 Lock Washer 51 Upper Diaphragm Case 52 Hex Jam Nut 53 Male Connector

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FIGURE 7: MODEL 1430

ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTE

1 Pilot Valve Assembly 2 Male Connector 3 Pipe Nipple 4 Cap Screw 5 Support Plate 6 Hex Jam Nut 7 Stem Guide 8 Screen

9 Seal – Swivel Guide 1 10 Swivel Fitting 11 Tubing 12 Union Connector 13 Male Connector 14 Pick – up Fitting 15 Belleville Washer 16 Hex Nut – Swivel 17 Inlet 18 Weatherhood Post 19 Lock Washer

ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTE

20 Hex Nut 21 Seat Ring 22 Pallet 23 Diaphragm, Pressure Pallet 1 24 Retainer Plate 25 Stem 26 Bushing – Stem Guide 3 27 Weatherhood 28 Washer – Stem Guide 29 Lower Actuator Housing 30 Hex Bolt 31 Lock Washer 32 Hex Nut 33 Diaphragm – Actuator 4 34 Gasket – Actuator 4 35 Lifting Lug 36 Upper Actuator Housing 37 Set Screw

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FIGURE 8 : MODEL 1460

ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTE

1 Pilot Valve Assembly 2 Male Connector 3 Pipe Nipple 4 Lifting Eye 5 Cap Screw 6 Support Plate 7 Diaphragm, Actuator 4 8 Hex Bolt

9 Lock Washer 10 Set Screw 11 Stem Guide 12 Bushing – Guides 3 13 Swivel Fitting 14 Pallet - Pressure 15 Gasket 2 16 Lock Washer 17 Union Connector 18 Tubing 19 Male Connector 20 Hex Nut

ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTE

21 Belleville Washer 22 Inlet 23 Stud 24 Hex Nut 25 Drain Plug 26 Diaphragm, Pressure Pallet 1 27 Seal 1 28 Stem 29 Washer 30 Outlet 31 Gasket 2 32 Lower Diaphragm Case 33 Gasket 2 34 Hex Bolt 35 Hex Nut 36 Lock Washer 37 Upper Diaphragm Case 38 Hex Jam Nut 39 Bushing – Guides 3

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TABLE 6: LUBRICANTS – RECOMMENDATIONS

FASTENER LOCATION LUBRICANT – SEALANT MANUF. & PART NO.

Actuator Fastener Dry Moly Film Crown #6080 or equal Stem Guide MS

Lubricant Fel-Pro [Loctite] #51048 or equal

Stem/Swivel Fitting Silicone Lubricant Dow Corning #33 or equal

Note: Lubricant selection must consider process environment.

TABLE 7: TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

PROBLEM INSPECTION SUGGESTED CORRECTIVE ACTION

Pilot Valve Leak

Main Valve Actuator Leak

Visual, audible or vapor detector

Consult troubleshooting guide in specific pilot valve manual

Leakage at the actuator flange may be corrected by tightening the fasteners adjacent to the leak path. If this is not successful, it will be necessary to install a new gasket. Refer to instructions on page 6.

Vapor leakage from the valve body outlet.

Visual, audible or vapor detector

Leakage can occur at the valve body seat - FEP film interface; other leak paths are the swivel seal or a torn actuator diaphragm. After removing the upper actuator housing, lift the pallet assembly off the seat and inspect for damage to the film or foreign debris buildup on the seat or film. Clean or replace the pallet diaphragm as required. Refer to page 6.

Vapor leakage between the valve body and tank nozzle

Visual, audible or vapor detector

Leakage between the flanges may be corrected by tightening the fasteners. Follow mounting instructions listed on page 4. The gasket may have deteriorated due to the chemical environment; replace if required. The tank nozzle may be warped, corroded or scratched. This will require resurfacing of the flange face; note that a flat faced flange is recommended to avoid potential damage to an aluminum valve body.

TABLE 8: ABBREVIATIONS

ANSI American National Standards Institute NPT National Pipe Thread API American Petroleum Institute POV Pilot Operated Valve BOM Bill of Materials PSIG Pounds/Sq. Inch – Gauge DPHGM Diaphragm PTFE Fluoropolymer FEP Fluorocarbon Film (Fluoropolymer) SS Stainless Steel MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure WC Water Column MS2 Moly – Disulfide

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The nameplate on the Groth Series 1400 Pilot Operated Valve contains the model number, serial number, set pressure and flow capacity. The model number contains additional information about materials of construction and options. The following chart will assist in relating the model number to the specifications of your pilot operated valve:

Notes:

Include model number when ordering For special options, consult factory.

EXAMPLE 1 4 6 0 - 0 6 - 3 1 - V - S - OORO

Indicates a 6" Model 1460 with Carbon Steel body, Standard Trim using FKM soft goods with remote pilot pickup and no specials.

PRODUCT LIMITED WARRANTY

A. Seller warrants that products which are manufactured by Seller, are manufactured in accordance with published specifications and free

from defects in material and/or workmanship for a period of (12) twelve months. Seller, at its option, will repair or replace any product returned intact to the factory, transportation charges prepaid, which Seller, upon inspection shall determine to be defective in material and/or workmanship. The foregoing shall constitute the sole remedy for any breach of Seller's warranty.

B. THERE ARE NO UNDERSTANDINGS, AGREEMENTS, REPRESENTATIONS, OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING

MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING PRODUCTS) UNLESS SPECIFIED IN THE SALES CONTRACT. THIS CONTRACT STATES THE ENTIRE OBLIGATION OF SELLER.

Seller makes no warranties, either express or implied, except as provided herein, including without limitation thereof, warranties as to

marketability, merchantability, for a particular purpose or use, or against infringement of any patent of products. In no event shall Seller be liable for any direct, incidental or consequential damages of any nature, or losses or expenses resulting from any defective new product or the use of any such product, including any damages for loss of time, inconvenience, or loss of use of any such product.

C. The original Manufacturer shall be solely responsible for the design, development, supply, production, and performance of its products

hereunder, and the protection of its trade name or names, if any. It assumes no responsibility, for product modified or changed in any way by its agent or customer. Any such modifications or changes to products sold by Seller hereunder shall make the product limited warranty null and void.

D. The Manufacturer shall be under no obligation to manufacture, sell, or supply, or to continue to manufacture, sell or supply any of the

Products.