Gossen MetraWatt METRAHIT ENERGY TRMS System Multimeter, METRAHIT ENERGY, METRAHIT ENERGY M249A Operating Instructions Manual

METRAHITENERGY

TRMS System Multimeter

Operating Instructions

3-349-576-03

3/9.11

2 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Standard Equipment – Contact Persons

Scope of Delivery

1 TRMS system multimeter METRAHIT ENERGY (M249A)
1 KS29 measurement cable set (Z229A)
2 Batteries
1 Condensed operating instructions
1 CD ROM (with operating instructions, data sheet and more)
1 DKD calibration certificate
1 Rubber holster and carrying strap

Overview

1

16 Mbit = 2048 kByte = up to 300,000 measured values,

sampling rate adjustable from 0.5 second to 9 hours

Function
Power measurement W (Var, VA, PF)
Energy measurement Wh (varh, VAh)
Events recording DC / AC events
Power disturbance recording PQ
Harmonic analysis V, A
Voltage (Ri  17 M) V

DC

Voltage (Ri  9 M) V

AC

TRMS

Voltage (Ri 9 ... 17 M) V

AC+DC

TRMS

Crest factor (1  CF  11) 3
Frequency in Hz with V

AC

... 300 kHz

Low-pass filter 1 kHz with VAC
Bandwidth for V

AC+DC

or V

AC

100 kHz

Pulse frequency in MHz at 5V

TTL 1 Hz...1 MHz
Duty cycle as % 2.0% ... 98%
Voltage level measurement in dB 3
Resistance 
Conductivity nS
Low-resistance measurement

where I

CONST

= 3 mA

R

SL

Continuity test
where I

CONST

= 1 mA

3

Diode test
where I

CONST

= 1 mA

3

Temperature °C/°F with T

C

Type K

Temperature °C/°F R

TD

Pt100/Pt1000

Capacitance in F 3
Cable length in m 3
Current A

DC

AAC TRMS

A

AC+DC

TRMS

Bandwidth for A

AC+DC

or A

AC

10 kHz

Frequency in Hz for A

AC

... 60 kHz

Current clamp measurement with
adjustable transformation ratio

mV / A
mA / A

Relative value measurement
(ref. value measurement) REL

3

Zero point 3
Data logger function

1

(memory) 16 MBit
Min-Max / data hold 3
IR interface (38.4 kBd) 3
Power pack socket 3
Rubber holster 3
Fuse 10 A / 1000 V
Protection

3

IP 52

Measuring Category 600 V CAT III

300 V CAT IV

Calibration DKD

Function

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 3

Standard Equipment – Contact Persons

Accessories (sensors, plug inserts, adapters, consumable materials)

The accessories available for your instrument are checked for
compliance with currently valid safety regulations at regular inter­vals, and are amended as required for new applications. Currently
up-to-date accessories which are suitable for your measuring
instrument are listed at the following web address along with
photo, order number, description and, depending upon the
scope of the respective accessory, data sheet and operating
instructions:
www.gossenmetrawatt.com

See also section 10 on page 89.

Product Support

Technical queries
(use, operation, software registration)

If required please contact:

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Product Support Hotline

Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

e-mail [e-mail]

Software Enabling for METRAwin10 (as of version 6.xx)

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Front Office

Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail [e-mail]

4 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Standard Equipment – Contact Persons

Recalibration Service

Our service center calibrates and recalibrates (e.g. after one year as
part of your test equipment monitoring system, prior to use etc.)
all instruments from GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH and other manu­facturers, and offers free test equipment management.

Repair and Replacement Parts Service
Calibration Center* and Rental Instrument Service

If required please contact:

GMC-I Service GmbH

Service Center
Thomas-Mann-Str. 20
90471 Nürnberg, Germany
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]

This address is only valid in Germany. Please contact our
representatives or subsidiaries for service in other countries.

* Calibration laboratory for measured electrical quantities,

DKD – K – 19701, accredited in accordance with
DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005

Accredited quantities: direct voltage, direct current value, direct current
resistance, alternating voltage, alternating current value, AC active
power, AC apparent power, DC power, capacitance, frequency,
temperature

Competent Partner

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH is certified in accordance with
DIN EN ISO 9001:2000.

Our DKD calibration laboratory is accredited by the Deutscher
Kalibrierdienst (German Calibration Service) under registration
number DKD–K–19701 in accordance with DIN EN ISO/
IEC 17025:2005.
We offer a complete range of expertise in the field of metrology:
from test reports and proprietary calibration certificates right on up to
DKD calibration certificates.
Our spectrum of offerings is rounded out with free test equipment
management.
As a full service calibration laboratory, we can calibrate instru­ments from other manufacturers as well.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 5

Table of Contents

Contents Page Contents Page

1 Safety Features and Precautions ........................................ 7

1.1 Use for Intended Purpose .................................................................9

1.2 Meanings of Danger Symbols ........................................................... 9

1.3 Meanings of Acoustic Warning Signals .............................................. 9

2 Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols . 10

3 Initial Start-Up ................................................................... 14

3.1 Inserting Batteries or Rechargeable Batteries ................................... 14

3.2 Switching the Instrument On ...........................................................14

3.3 Setting the Operating Parameters ................................................... 14

3.4 Switching the Instrument Off ..........................................................15

4 Control Functions ..............................................................16

4.1 Selecting Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges ....................16

4.1.1 Automatic Measuring Range Selection (auto-ranging) ....................... 16

4.1.2 Manual Measuring Range Selection ................................................ 16

4.1.3 Peak Value Monitoring

for Automatic and Manual Measuring Range Selection ..................... 17

4.1.4 Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function) ................................. 18

4.2 Zero Offset / Relative Measurements – ZERO/Delta REL Function ..... 18

4.3 Display (LCD) .................................................................................19

4.4 Measured Value Storage: DATA (auto-hold / compare) ..................... 20

4.4.1 Saving Minimum and Maximum Values – Min/Max Function ............. 21

4.5 Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu

Function ........................................................................................ 22

4.5.1 Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I DC ..................... 24

4.5.2 Power and Energy Measurement in the Memory Mode ..................... 24

5 Measurements ..................................................................25

5.1 Voltage Measurement .................................................................... 25

5.1.1 Direct Voltage, Pulsating Voltage and Crest Factor Measurement

– V DC, V (DC+AC) and CF ............................................................ 26

5.1.2 Alternating Voltage and Frequency Measurement V AC and Hz

with Selectable Low-Pass Filter, V AC + FILTER and dB V AC ........... 30

5.1.3 Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording – PQ .................... 33

5.1.4 Mains Disturbance Recording in Memory Mode Operation ................ 35

5.1.5 Harmonic Analysis (voltage measurement) ..................................... 36

5.1.6 Frequency and Duty Cycle Measurement ........................................ 38

5.2 Resistance, Conductivity and Low-Resistance Measurement ............ 39

5.2.1 Conductivity Measurement ............................................................. 40

5.2.2 Low-Resistance Measurement with Constant Current (RPE) .............. 40

5.3 Continuity Test with Constant Current of 1 mA ............................... 41

5.4 Diode Testing with Constant Current of 1 mA ................................. 42

5.5 Temperature Measurement ............................................................ 43

5.5.1 Measurement with Thermocouples, Temp TC .................................. 43

5.5.2 Measurement with Resistance Sensors ........................................... 44

5.6 Measuring Capacitance and Cable Length in km ............................ 45

5.6.1 Cable Length Measurement in m .................................................... 46

5.7

Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive power – W, VA, VAr
Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh 47

5.8 Current measurement .................................................................... 52

5.8.1 Direct Current Measurement .......................................................... 53

5.8.2 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor ........................... 56

5.8.3 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Transformer ................... 58

6 Device and Measuring Parameters ...................................60

6.1 Paths to the Various Parameters .................................................... 61

6.2 List of all Parameters, Main Menus and Submenus ......................... 62

6 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Table of Contents

Contents Page Contents Page

6.3 Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters) ................63

6.4 Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu ................................................64

6.4.1 SYSTEM Submenu .........................................................................64

6.4.2 EVEntS Submenu ...........................................................................65

6.4.3 General Parameters ........................................................................66

6.4.4 EnErGY Submenu ...........................................................................68

6.4.5 MAinS Submenu ............................................................................69

6.4.6 HArM Submenu ..............................................................................71

6.4.7 StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation ...............72

6.5 Default Settings (factory settings) – Reset ........................................74

7 Interface Operation ........................................................... 75

7.1 Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode ..................................75

7.2 Configuring Interface Parameters ....................................................76

8 Technical Data .................................................................. 77

9 Maintenance and Calibration ........................................... 85

9.1 Displays – Error Messages .............................................................85

9.2 Batteries ........................................................................................85

9.3 Fuse ..............................................................................................86

9.4 Housing Maintenance .....................................................................87

9.5 Return and Environmentally Sound Disposal .....................................87

9.6 Recalibration ..................................................................................87

9.7 Manufacturer’s Guarantee ..............................................................88

10 Accessories ...................................................................... 89

10.1 General ..........................................................................................89

10.2 Technical Data for Measurement Cables

(KS17-2 safety cable set included with instrument) .......................... 89

10.3 NA X-TRA Power Pack (Z218G: not included) ...................................89

10.4 PMA 16 Power Measuring Adapter (Z228A: not included) .................90

10.5 Interface Accessories (not included) ................................................90

11 Glossary – Abbreviations of Measuring Functions and Mea-

suring Parameters with their Meanings ........................... 92

12 Index ................................................................................. 96

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 7

Safety Precautions

1 Safety Features and Precautions

You have selected an instrument which provides you with high
levels of safety.

This instrument fulfills all requirements of applicable European and
national EC directives. We confirm this with the CE mark. The
relevant declaration of conformity can be obtained from GMC-I
Messtechnik GmbH.

The TRMS digital multimeter has been manufactured and tested
in accordance with the following safety regulations:
IEC 61010–1:2001 / DIN EN 61010–1/VDE 0411–1:2002. When
used for its intended purpose (see page 9), safety of the operator,
as well as that of the instrument, is assured. Their safety is howe­ver not guaranteed, if the instrument is used improperly or
handled carelessly.

In order to maintain flawless technical safety conditions, and to assure
safe use, it is imperative that you read the operating instructions
thoroughly and carefully before placing your instrument into service, and
that you follow all instructions contained therein.

The multimeter is equipped with an automatic socket blocking
mechanism for your safety, and in order to safeguard your instru-

ment. This mechanism is linked to the rotary switch and only
allows access to those jacks which are actually required for the
selected function (exception: the voltage jack is open during cur­rent measurement, but a visible red ring warns the user of possi­ble incorrect connection). The socket blocking mechanism also
prevents the user from turning the rotary switch to impermissible
functions after the measurement cables have already been
plugged in.

If dangerous voltages are applied in the high-impedance voltage
measuring functions (switch position V or PQ), switching to low­impedance measuring functions (switch position MHz, , conti­nuity, temperature or capacitance) causes “HiVoLt” to appear at
the display and the respective measurement is disabled.

Hazardous contact voltages are not detected when the ohm or
capacitance measurement is selected.

If the instrument switches itself off in the event that hazardous
contact voltage is applied (only possible during memory mode
operation), the high-voltage warning symbol remains visible at the
display.

Measuring Categories and their Significance per IEC 61010-1

The measuring category and the associated maximum rated vol­tage which are printed on the device apply to your measuring ins­trument, e.g. 600 V CAT III.

Observe the following safety precautions:

• The multimeter may not be used in potentially explosive

atmospheres.

• The multimeter may only be operated by persons who are ca-

pable of recognizing contact hazards and taking the appropriate
safety precautions. Contact hazards according to the standard
exist anywhere, where voltages of greater than 33 V TRMS or
70 V DC may occur. Avoid working alone when taking mea­surements which involve contact hazards. Be certain that a
second person is present.

CAT Definition

I

Measurements in electrical circuits which are not directly connected to the
mains, e.g. electrical systems in motor vehicles and aircraft, batteries etc.

II

Measurements in electrical circuits which are directly connected to the low­voltage mains via plug, e.g. in household, office and laboratory applications etc.

III

Measurements in building installations: Stationary consumers, distributor
terminals, devices connected permanently to the distributor

IV

Measurements at power sources for low-voltage installations:
meters, mains terminals, primary overvoltage protection devices

8 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Safety Precautions

• Maximum permissible voltage
between the voltage measuring sockets or all connector sock­ets and ground is 600 V for measuring category III and 300 V
for measuring category IV.

• Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage peaks with signifi­cant frequency components of greater than 1 kHz are not dis­played when the low-pass filter is activated. We recommend
measuring voltage without the low-pass filter first, in order to
be able to detect any dangerous voltages.

• Be prepared for the occurrence of unexpected voltages at de­vices under test (e.g. defective devices). For example, capaci­tors may be dangerously charged.

• Make certain that the measurement cables are in flawless con­dition, e.g. no damage to insulation, no interruptions in cables
or plugs etc.

• No measurements may be made with this instrument in electri­cal circuits with corona discharge (high-voltage).

• Special care is required when measurements are made in HF
electrical circuits. Dangerous pulsating voltages may be pres­ent.

• Measurements under moist ambient conditions or with an in­strument with condensation are not permissible

• Be absolutely certain that the measuring ranges are not over­loaded beyond their allowable capacities. Limit values are in­cluded in section 8, “Technical Data”, in the table entitled
“Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges” in the “Over­load Capacity” column.

• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or re­chargeable batteries. Dangerous currents and voltages are otherwise
not indicated, and the instrument may be damaged.

• The instrument may not be operated if the fuse cover or the
battery compartment lid has been removed, or if its housing is
open.

• The input for the current measuring range is equipped with a
fuse link. Use specified fuses only (see page 84)! The fuse
must have a breaking capacity of at least 30 kA.

• Observe optical and acoustic warning signals (see section 1.2
and section 1.3).

Repair and Parts Replacement

When the instrument is opened, voltage conducting parts may be
exposed. The instrument must be disconnected from the measu­ring circuit before performing repairs or replacing parts. If repair of
a live open instrument is required, it may only be carried out by
trained personnel who are familiar with the dangers involved.

Defects and Extraordinary Strains

If it may be assumed that the instrument can no longer be opera­ted safely, it must be removed from service and secured against
unintentional use.
Safe operation can no longer be relied upon:

• If the device demonstrates visible damage

• If the instrument no longer functions, or if malfunctioning
occurs

• After long periods of storage under unfavorable conditions (e.g.
humidity, dust or extreme temperature (see “Ambient Condi­tions” on page 84).

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 9

Safety Precautions

1.1 Use for Intended Purpose

• The multimeter is a portable device which can be held in the
hand during the performance of measurements.

• Only those types of measurements described in section 5 may
be performed with the measuring instrument.

• The measuring instrument, including measurement cables and
plug-on test probes, may only be utilized up to the maximum
specified measuring category (see page 84 and the table on
page 7 regarding significance).

• Overload limits may not be exceeded. See technical data on
page 77 for overload values and overload limits.

• Measurements may only be performed under the specified
ambient conditions. See page 84 regarding operating temper­ature range and relative humidity.

• The measuring instrument may only be used in accordance
with the specified degree of protection (IP code) (see page 84).

1.2 Meanings of Danger Symbols

Warning concerning a source of danger
(attention: observe documentation!)

Warning at the display regarding dangerous contact voltage
at the voltage measuring input (jacks 8 and 10, see page 10):
U > 30 V AC or U > 35 V DC

Note

For safety reasons, the instrument cannot be switched off
when dangerous contact voltages are being applied.

Note

Electrical discharge or high frequency interference may
cause incorrect displays to appear. To reset the instrument,
switch it off and then back on again. See also section 6.5
with regard to restoring the factory settings.

1.3 Meanings of Acoustic Warning Signals

Voltage warning: > 600 V (intermittent acoustic signal)

Current warning: > 10 A (intermittent acoustic signal)

Current warning: > 16 A (continuous acoustic signal)

!

10 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

2

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

1 Display (LCD) (see page 12 for significance of symbols)
2 MAN/AUTO: shift key for manual/automatic measuring range selection

 Increase parameter values

Operating mode menu:

selection of indiv. menu entries against direction of flow

3

ON / OFF | LIGHT

: key for switching device and display illumination on and off

4 FUNC | ENTER Multifunction key

Operating mode menu: acknowledge entry (ENTER)

5 

Increase measuring range or move decimal point to the right (MAN function)
Power measurement: change displayed unit of measure

6 Rotary switch

for meas. functions

(see significance of symbols on

page 13)
7 DKD calibration mark
8 Connector socket for ground / connected to ground
9 Socket connector for direct current measurement and current clamp

transformer, with automatic blocking

10 Connector socket for voltage, resistance, temperature, diode and capacitance

measurement, and current

clamp

sensor

11 DATA/MIN/MAX: key for freezing, comparing and deleting measured value,

and for Min-Max function

 Decrease values

Operating mode menu: s

election of indiv. menu entries in direction of flow

12 MEASURE | SETUP: key for switching back and forth between measuring

and menu function

13 ZERO | ESC

Key for zero balancing
Operating mode menu: Exit current menu level and

return to a higher level.
Exit parameters entry function
without saving.

14

 Reduce meas. range or move decimal point to the left (MAN function)

Power measurement: change displayed unit of measure
15 Power pack connector jack
16 Infrared interface

1

3

4

16

5

6

9

*

*

sec. 4.3

sec. 3
sec. 5

sec. 7

sec. 6

sec. 3 ff.

sec. 3

13

12

sec. 4.1

10

2

sec. 4.1.2

14

8

Max. 600 V!

11

15

sec. 4.1 

sec. 4.4

sec. 6

sec. 3 

sec. 6 

sec. 3.1 

7

sec. 1.2

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 11

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

Symbols Used in the Digital Display 1 Battery level indicator

2 ON: continuous operation (automatic shutdown deactivated)
3 DATA: display memory, “freeze measured value”
4 STORE: memory mode active
5 TRIG: synchronized storage
6 FILTER: low-pass filter active
7 EVENTS: events measurement
8 IR: infrared interface indicator
9 Auxiliary display: digital display with decimal point and polarity display

10 Transformation ratio (factor for current clamp sensorc and transformers)
11 dB: alternating voltage level measurement
12 Selected type of current
13 TRMS measurement
14 Unit of measure

15 Warning regarding dangerous voltage: U > 30 V AC or U > 35 V DC

16 Main display: digital display with decimal point and polarity display
17 Continuity test with acoustic signal active
18 Pt100/Pt1000: selected platinum resistance sensor with automatic

selection of Pt100 / Pt1000
19 TC: temperature measurement with type K thermocouple (NiCr-Ni)
20 h (hours): unit of time
21 MAN: manual measuring range selection active
22 ZERO: zero balancing active
23 REL: relative measurement with reference to offset
24 min: minimum value storage
25 Diode measurement selected
26 max: maximum value storage
27 Stopwatch active or time since beginning of measurement
28 ON: together with the symbol in item 27: elapsed time since activation of the

respective function
29 sec (seconds): unit of time

Battery full

Battery OK

Battery weak

Battery (almost) dead, U < 1.8 V

Data transmission to /  from multimeter, active

IR interface active (ready to receive starting
commands)

Battery Level Indicator

Interface Indicator

1 28

9

14

15

17

54 6

9

3

11

13

10

19

24 272120

18

16

25

12

7

22 23 26 2829

12 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

Symbols and Functions for Rotary Switch Positions (MD: main display, AD: auxiliary display, MR: measuring range)

Switch

FUNC

Display Measuring function Sub-Function

V~ 0/4 V~AC TRMS / HZ

A~AC TRMS (0/2)

CLiP=OFF: alternating voltage, AC TRMS, full bandwidth
CLiP=ON: alternating current via current clamp sensor, TRMS AC value

DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

V~ 1 Hz ~AC TRMS / (1) CLiP=oFF: voltage frequency, to 300 kHz / CLiP=ON current frequency sensor DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
V~ 2 V filter ~AC TRMS / Hz man Alternating voltage, AC TRMS, with low pass filter (1 kHz) DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
dB 3 dB ~AC TRMS Alternating voltage level measurement DATA/MIN/MAX
V 0/4 V DC / (0/2) CLiP=OFF: direct voltage measured directly / CLiP=ON: via current clamp sensor DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
V 1 V DC+ AC TRMS / CF / (1)

CLiP=OFF: pulsating voltage, direct, TRMS / CLiP=ON: via current clamp sensor

DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
V 2 V DC EVENTS Direct voltage events DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO
V 3 V~AC TRMS EVENTS Alternating voltage events DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO
PQ 0/2 MAinS: V DC+AC TRMS Mains quality: events (type, start time, date, duration, value) Event querying:   keys

1 thd % ~AC TRMS / V /

thd % ~AC TRMS / A / (0/2)

Main display: total harmonic distortion relative to fundamental frequency as %
Auxiliary display: RMS value for the total signal in V

Query harmonics 1 through 15: RMS values

and distortion via  keys

MHz 0/2 MHz (High) Frequency at 5 V~ up to 1 MHz DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO
% 1 % Duty cycle at 5 V~ DATA/MIN/MAX
 0/3  (DC) resistance DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
nS 1 nS Conductivity (in nano-Siemens) DATA/MIN/MAX

 2RPE  Low-resistance measurement with acoustic signal where Iconst = 3 mA DATA/MIN/MAX, ZERO

0/2  Continuity test, , with acoustic signal where Iconst = 1 mA DATA/MIN/MAX, ZERO
1 V DC Diode voltage up to max. 6 V where Iconst = 1 mA DATA/MIN/MAX

Temp . TC 0/2

C, type K

Temperature, type K thermocouple DATA/MIN/MAX

Temp . RT D 1°Pt100 Temperature with Pt100 / Pt1000 resistance sensor DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

0/2 nF Capacitance DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
m 1 km Cable length DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
W 0/2 W DC+ AC TRMS / V+A / PF Power (active, reactive, apparent power) / voltage + current / power factor

DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO

, W – VA – VAr: vw

Wh 1 Wh DC+ AC TRMS energy time Energy: energy (active, reactive, apparent energy) / on-time

Mean: average power / max: maximum power

MAN/AUTO, Wh – VAh – VArh:

vw

keys

Energy – Mean – max: , ZERO = reset

A 0/4 A DC+ AC TRMS / (2)

CLiP=OFF: pulsating current, direct, TRMS AC+DC, CLiP=ON: current clamp transformer

DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

A/~ 1A DC / (3)

CLiP=OFF: direct voltage, direct, CLiP=ON: direct voltage via current clamp trans.

DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

A~ 2 A~AC TRMS / Hz / (0/4) CLiP=OFF: alternating current direct, TRMS AC / current frequency,

CLiP=ON: alternating current via current clamp trans. // temperature: MB 6 A and 10 A

DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

A/~ 3 thd % ~AC TRMS / A (1) Main display: total harmonic distortion relative to fundamental frequency as %

Auxiliary display: RMS value for the total signal in A

Query harmonics 1 through 15: RMS values
and distortion via  keys

1kHz

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 13

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

User Interface Symbols in the Following Sections

 ...  Scroll through main menu
 ...  Scroll through submenu
  Select decimal point
 Increase/decrease value

time Submenu/parameter (7-segment font)
1nFo Main menu (7-segment font, boldface)

Symbols on the Device

Warning concerning a source of danger
(attention: observe documentation!)

Ground

CAT III / IV Measuring category III or IV device, see also

“Measuring Categories and their Significance per IEC
61010-1” on page 7

Continuous, doubled or reinforced insulation

EC mark of conformity

s

IR

t

Position of the infrared interface, window on the top of the
instrument

See also section 3.1 regarding location of the
power pack adapter socket.

Fuse for current measuring ranges, see section 9.3

This device may not be disposed of with the trash.
Further information regarding the WEEE mark can be
accessed on the Internet at
www.gossenmetrawatt.com under the search term
WEEE (see also section 9.5).

Calibration seal (red seal):

See also “Recalibration” on page 87.

!

5V/600mA

Consecutive number

Registration number
Date of calibration (year – month)

German Calibration Service – calibration laboratory

B0730

10-02

DKD-K-

19701

14 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Initial Start-Up – Setup

3 Initial Start-Up

3.1 Inserting Batteries or Rechargeable Batteries

Be certain to refer to section 9.2 regarding correct battery
installation.

Momentary battery voltage can be queried in the Info menu (see
section 6.3).

Attention!

!

Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before open­ing the battery compartment lid in order to replace the batteries.

Operation With Power Pack (not included, see section 10.3)

Installed batteries are disconnected electronically if the NA X-TRA
power pack is used, and need not be removed from the instru­ment. If rechargeable batteries are used, they must be recharged
externally.
If the external power supply is switched off, the device is switched
to battery operation without interruption.

3.2 Switching the Instrument On

Switching the Instrument On Manually

Ð Press the ON / OFF | LIGHT key until the display appears.

Power-up is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal. As
long as the key is held depressed, all of the segments at the
liquid crystal display (LCD) are illuminated.
The LCD is depicted on page 11.
The instrument is ready for use as soon as the key is released.

Display Illumination

After the instrument has been switched on, background illumina­tion can be activated by briefly pressing the ON / OFF | LIGHT key.
Illumination is switched back off by once again pressing the same
key, or automatically after approximately 1 minute. If necessary,
automatic deactivation of background illumination can be disab­led with the appropriate parameter setting (see bLiGht parameter
in SYStEM submenu) or via the interface.

Switching the Instrument On with a PC

The multimeter is switched on after transmission of a data block
from the PC, assuming that the “irStb” parameter has been set to
“on” (see section 6.4).

However, we recommend using the power saving mode: “off”.

Note

Electrical discharge and high frequency interference may
cause incorrect displays to appear, and may disable the
measuring sequence.
Disconnect the device from the measuring circuit. Switch the
instrument off and back on again in order to reset. If the
problem persists, briefly dislodge the battery from the con­nector contacts (see also section 9.2).

3.3 Setting the Operating Parameters

Setting Time and Date

See the “t iME” and “dAtE” parameter in section 6.4.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 15

Initial Start-Up – Setup

3.4 Switching the Instrument Off

Switching the Instrument Off Manually

Ð Press the ON / OFF | LIGHT key until 0FF appears at the display.

Shutdown is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal.
If hazardous contact voltage has been detected (HV symbol

appears), the instrument cannot be switched off.

Automatic Shutdown

The instrument is switched off automatically if the measured value
remains unchanged for a long period of time (maximum measured
value fluctuation of approx. 0.8% of the measuring range per
minute or 1C or 1F per minute), and if none of the keys or the
rotary switch have been activated before a selected period of time
in minutes has elapsed (see “APoFF” parameter on page 64). Shut­down is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal.
Automatic shutdown is disabled in the following operating modes:
continuous operation, mains analysis, power or energy measure­ment and whenever dangerous contact voltage has been detec­ted (exception: memory mode).

Disabling Automatic Shutdown

The instrument can be set to continuous operation.
Ð Simultaneously press the

and keys to this end.

The “Continuous On” function is indicated at by means of the

ON

display to the right of the battery symbol.

The “Continuous On” setting can only be canceled by changing the res­pective parameter (see “APoFF” on page 64 regarding instrument shut­down via parameter) or by switching the instrument off manually.
In this case, the parameter is reset to 10 minutes.

ON / OFF

LIGHT

FUNC

ENTER

ON / OFF

LIGHT

Auto-Range

8.8.8.8.8

Illumination On

000.00

ON / OFF

LIGHT

Illumination Off

000.00

ON / OFF

LIGHT

0ff

ON / OFF

LIGHT

Long
(1 s)

16 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Control Functions

4 Control Functions

4.1 Selecting Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges

The rotary switch is linked to an automatic socket blocking mech­anism which only allows access to two jacks per function (excep­tion: the voltage jack is open during current measurement, but a
visible red ring warns the user of possible incorrect connection).
Be certain to remove the appropriate plug from its respective jack
before switching to and from the “A” functions. The socket block­ing mechanism prevents the user from inadvertently turning the
selector switch to impermissible functions after the measurement
cables have been plugged in to the instrument.

Presence of Dangerous Contact Voltages

If dangerous volt­ages are applied in
the high-imped­ance voltage mea­suring functions
(switch position V
or PQ), switching
to low-impedance
measuring func­tions (switch posi­tion MHz, , conti-
nuity, temperature
or capacitance)
causes “HiVoLt” to
appear at the dis­play and the
respective mea­surement is dis­abled. The mea­suring function is not switched until dangerous contact voltage is
no longer applied to the input.

If the instrument switches itself off in the event that hazardous
contact voltage is applied (during memory mode operation with
large sampling period), the high-voltage warning symbol remains
visible at the display.

4.1.1 Automatic Measuring Range Selection (auto-ranging)

The multimeter is equipped with auto-ranging for most measuring
functions. Auto-ranging is active as soon as the instrument is
switched on. The instrument automatically selects the measuring
range which allows for highest possible resolution of the applied
quantity. When the instrument is switched to frequency measure­ment, the previously selected voltage measuring range remains
active.

AUTO-Range Function

The multimeter is switched automatically to the next higher range
at (61000 d + 1 d 06100 d) and to the next lower range at
(05400 d - 1 d  53999 d).

Exceptions: capacitance and cable length measurement

The multimeter is switched automatically to the next higher range
at (6100 d + 1 d 00 610 d) and to the next lower range at
(0540 d  5399 d).

4.1.2 Manual Measuring Range Selection

Auto-ranging can be deactivated and measuring ranges can be
selected manually in accordance with the following table by
pressing the

MAN / AUTO butt

on. The desired measuring range can

then be selected with the

 or  scroll key (exceptions: power

and energy measurement, see next page).

230.00

V

050.00

AC

TRMS

Hz

U > 35 V:

V~

V

V

PQ

MHz

%



Te mp

TC

Temp

RTD

nS

m

hivolt

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 17

Control Functions

The instrument is automatically returned to automatic range
selection when the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, the rotary switch is
activated or the instrument is switched off and back on again.

Overview: Auto-Ranging and Manual Range Selection

* Via manual measuring range selection only

“Intelligent” MAN Function

If a small measurement value occurs, the instrument can be
switched to a measuring range with higher resolution by pressing
the MAN / AUTO key.

Power and Energy Measurements

In the power meaurement function of Metrahit Energy, you can
choose between automatic measuring range selection or fixed
voltage and current measuring ranges.
In contrast to the other measuring functions, however, manual
measuring range selection is not possible in this case, as the
instrument cannot distinguish whether the voltage or current
measuring range is to be changed. The practical procedure is
therefore to start by applying the highest anticipated voltage and

current values in the case of automatic measuring range selection
and then to lock in the resulting measuring ranges by pressing the
MAN / AUTO key. Locking is disabled by pressing the key once
again.

The voltage and current measuring ranges can be selected indi­vidually when the multimeter is remote-controlled via its IR inter­face by using the USB X-TRA adapter (and the METRAwin10-Hit
software or control command via terminal program).

Mains and Harmonic Analysis

The measuring range for mains analysis (switch position PQ) is
specified in the menu (Set > MAinS > rAnGE).

The measuring range for harmonic analysis can be selected as a
fixed setting in the menu (Set > HArM > U.rAnGE and Set > HArM
> I.rAnGE, clamp factor is not taken into consideration!), or auto­ranging can be activated.

4.1.3 Peak Value Monitoring
for Automatic and Manual Measuring Range Selection

The peak value is measured in addition to RMS measurement in
the V / A DC, AC and AC+D functions, as well as for power mea­surement. If the peak value exceeds the valid range of the corre­sponding measuring path, the instrument is switched up one
range, even if the displayed measured value has not yet reached
the threshold value. If the momentary range is manually selected,
(-)OL is displayed.

This assures that, in these functions, measurement is always per­formed in the correct range (e.g. during measurement of a signal
with a high crest factor or measurement of the DC component of
a mixed signal with a large AC component).

Function Display

MAN / AUTO

Manual mode active:

utilized measuring range is fixed

MAN

 or 

Range switching sequence for:

V DC:

60 mV*  600 mV*  6 V  60 V  600 V

V AC/AC+DC:

600 mV*  6 V  60 V  600 V

Hz (V AC):

600 Hz  6 kHz  60 kHz  600 kHz

MHz

600 Hz  6 kHz  60 kHz  600 kHz  1 MHz



:

600 W  6 kW  60 kW  600 kW  6 MW  60 MW

A:

600 mA  6 mA  60 mA  600 mA  6 A  10 A (16 A)

Hz (A AC):

600 Hz  6 kHz  60 kHz  600 kHz

F:

60 nF  600 nF  6 mF  60 mF  600 mF

m:

6 km  60 km

MAN

MAN / AUTO

Return to automatic measuring range selection —

18 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Control Functions

4.1.4 Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function)

Measurements performed using a suitable fixed measuring range
are executed more quickly than those which utilize automatic
range selection. Quick measurement is made possible with the
following two functions:

• Manual measuring range selection, i.e. selection of the measuring
range with the best resolution (see section 4.1.2)

or

•With the DATA function (see section 4.4) In this way, the appro-
priate measuring range is selected automatically after the first
measurement and the second measurement is executed more
quickly.

The selected measuring range remains active for the subsequent
series of measurements with these two functions.

4.2 Zero Offset / Relative Measurements – ZERO/Delta REL Function

Zero offset or a reference value for relative measurements can be
stored to memory depending upon deviation from the zero point:

The relevant reference or correction value is deducted individually
for the respective measuring function as an offset from all future
measurements and remains in memory until deleted, or until the
multimeter is switched off.

Zero balancing and reference value adjustment can be used for
auto-ranging, as well as for manual measuring range selection.

Zero Balancing

Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and connect

the free ends to each other, except for capacitance
measurement in which case the ends of the cables are not
connected to each other.

Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.

The instrument acknowledges zero balancing with an acoustic
signal, and the “ZERO REL” symbol appears at the LCD. The
value measured at the moment the key is pressed serves as a
reference value.

Ð Zero balancing can be cleared by once again pressing the

ZERO | ESC key.

Deviation from Zero Point
– with short-circuited measurement cables

for V, , R

PE

, , A

– with open input for capacitance unit of measure (F)

Display

(0 ... 200) digits ZERO REL

(200 ... 25000) digits

(10 A measuring range: up to 5000 digits)

REL

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 19

Control Functions

Setting the Reference Value

Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and measure

a reference value (max. 25,000 digits, or 5000 digits in 10 A
range)

Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.

The instrument acknowledges storage of the reference value
with an acoustic signal, and the “ZERO REL” or the “REL”
symbol appears at the LCD. The value measured at the mo­ment the key is pressed serves as a reference value.

Ð The reference value can be cleared by once again pressing the

ZERO | ESC key.

Notes Regarding Relative Measurement

• Relative measurement effects the main display only.

• In the case of relative measurement, , F or AC quantities may

also appear as negative values.

4.3 Display (LCD)

Measured Value, Unit of Measure, Type of Current, Polarity

The measured value with decimal and plus or minus sign appears
at the digital display. The selected unit of measure and current
type are displayed as well. A minus sign appears to the left of the
value during the measurement of zero-frequency quantities, if the
plus pole of the measured quantity is applied to the “” input.

Overranging

“0L” (overload) is displayed as of 61,000 digits.
Exceptions: “OL” appears at the display as of 6100 digits for mea­suring functions with a measuring range span of 6000 digits.

20 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Control Functions

4.4 Measured Value Storage: DATA (auto-hold / compare)

An individual measured value can be automatically “frozen” with
the DATA function (auto-hold). This is useful, for example, when
contacting the measuring points with the test probes requires
your full attention. After the measuring signal has been applied
and the measured value has settled in in accordance with the
“condition” listed in the table below, the measured value is frozen
at the digital display and an acoustic signal is generated. The test
probes can now be removed from the measuring points, and the
measured value can be read from the digital display. If the mea­suring signal falls below the value specified in the table, the func­tion is reactivated for storage of the next value.

Measured Value Comparison (DATA compare)

If the currently frozen value deviates from the first saved value by less
than 100 digits, the acoustic signal is generated twice. If deviation is
greater than 100 digits, only a brief acoustic signal is generated.

Note

The selected measuring range cannot be manually changed
as long as the DATA function is active.

The DATA function is deactivated by pressing and holding the
DATA/MIN/MAX key (approx. 1 second), when the measuring func­tion is changed, or when the instrument is switched off and back
on again.

DATA Function in Memory Mode Operation (rAtE parameter = dAtA)

If dAtA is selected as the storage rate under the StorE > rAtE mea­suring parameter setting, and if memory mode operation is then
started, measured values “frozen” with activated DATA function are
automatically saved to permanent memory with time stamp.

1

Reactivation results from falling short of specified measured value limits.

2

Two acoustic signals are generated the first time a measured value is saved as a
reference value. For subsequent data hold, two acoustic
signals are only generated if the currently frozen value deviates from the first saved
value by less than 100 digits.

Key: MV = measured value, MR = measuring range

Function

DATA

Data/

Min/Max

Key

Condition Response from Instrument

Measuring

Function

Measuring

Signal

Display

Acous-

tic

Digital

MV

DATA

Activate Brief Blinks Once

Save
(stabilized
measured

value)

V, A, Hz, dB,

F, M H z, %

> 10%

rdg.

Is

dis-

played

Static

Once

Twi ce

2



0L

Reactivate

1)

V, A, Hz, dB,

F, M H z, %

< 10%

rdg.

Stored

MV

Blinks



= 0L

Change to

Min/Max

Brief See table in section 4.4.1

Exit Long

Is

deletedIsdeleted

Twi ce

V, A , Hz

t [s]

60,000

6000

Activated

Reactivated

Save

Save

dB, F, MHz, %

Digits

Digits

100% of measuring range

10% of measuring range

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 21

Control Functions

Example

The voltage measuring range is set manually to 6 V. The first mea­sured value is 3 V and is stored to memory because it is greater
than 10% of the measuring range (6000 digits = 0.6 V), and is
thus reliably above the background noise level. As soon as the
measured value drops to less than 10% of the measuring range
(6000 digits), i.e. amounts to less than 6 V which corresponds to
removal of the test probes from the measuring point, the instru­ment is ready to store a new value.

4.4.1 Saving Minimum and Maximum Values – Min/Max Function

Minimum and maximum measured values applied to the measur­ing instrument’s input after the Min-Max function has been acti­vated can be “frozen” at the auxiliary display along with time of
occurrence. The most important use of this function is the deter­mination of minimum and maximum values during long-term mea­sured value observation.

Except during power measurement, the Min-Max function has no
effect on the main display, at which the current measured value
continues to appear.

Apply the measured quantity to the instrument and set the mea­suring range with the MAN / AUTO key before activating the Min-
Max function.

The Min-Max function is deactivated by pressing and holding the
DATA/MIN/MAX key (approx. 1 second), when the measuring func­tion is changed, or when the instrument is switched off and back
on again.

Note

Extreme values can be reset by pressing the ZERO key.

Power Measurement (special case)

Instantaneous power is displayed with the switch in the W setting.
The Min-Max function is activated with the DATA/MIN/MAX key. The
minimum and maximum values for active, reactive and apparent
power are displayed as of the beginning of the power measure­ment, along with time of occurrence (date and time).
Previous Min-Max values can be cleared without exiting the func­tion by pressing the ZERO key.
This function differs from the general Min-Max function insofar as
measurement is performed continuously in the background, even
if the Min-Max display is not shown, and while the instrument is in
the energy measuring mode

Min-Max
Function

Data/

Min/Max

Key

Min. and Max.

Measured Values

Response from Instrument

Display

Acous

tic

Sig-

nal

Digital

Measured

Valu e

Max.

Min.

1

Activate

and save

DATA/

MIN/MAX

1 x brief

Are

saved

Current

measured

value

Once

2

Save and

display

DATA/

MIN/MAX

Brief

Storage continues in the back-

ground, new min. and max.

values are displayed together

with time.

Saved min.

value

Min. Once

Brief

Saved max.

value

Max. Once

Reset

ZERO/

ESC

Brief

Are deleted

Saved min.­max. values

min/

max

1

Stop

DATA/

MIN/MAX

Long

are deleted

and function is exited

Current

measured

value

Is dele-

ted

Twi ce

22 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Control Functions

4.5 Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE
Menu Function

The system multimeter is capable of recording measurement data
using an adjustable sampling rate for long periods of time in the
form of measurement series. Data are stored to permanent mem­ory, an68: EnErGY Submenud are retained even after the multi­meter is switched off, as well as after battery replacement.

Stored measured values can subsequently be read out at the
computer. The only prerequisite is a PC which is connected by
means of an interface cable to the USB X-TRA bidirectional inter­face adapter, which is plugged onto a system multimeter. See
also section 7, “Interface Operation”.

Memory Parameters Overview

Preparing for Recording – Parameter Settings

Ð First set the sampling rate for memory mode operation (see

section 6.4 the rAtE parameter).

Ð Set hysteresis for efficient use of available memory space.

During memory mode operation, new measured data are only
saved if they deviate from the previously stored value by an
amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value (see
section 6.4, “hyst” parameter).

Ð Set “t.StorE” in order to limit recording duration.

Ð First select the desired measuring function and an appropriate

measuring range.

Ð Check the battery charge level before starting long-term mea-

surement recordings (see section 6.3).
Connect the NA X-TRA power pack if applicable.

Starting Recording via Menu Functions

Ð Switch to the “SET” mode by pressing MEASURE | SETUP and

select the “StorE” menu.

1nFo

 ...  StorE store off StArt (blinks)

store

Ð Memory mode operation is started by acknowledging the

blinking “start” prompt at the main display with the FUNC |
ENTER key. The

STORE display segment appears in the header

and indicates that the memory mode has been activated.
“store” appears at the main display.

Ð Press the MEASURE | SETUP key in order to return to the measur-

ing function.

Parameter Page: Header

CLEAr

23: Clear Memory

dEMAnd
tiME

66: tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature

EMpty

23: Clear Memory – appears after CLEAr

hyst

73: HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation)

0CCvP

23: Querying Memory Occupancy

rAtE

68: EnErGY Submenu

StArt

22: Starting Recording via Menu Functions

StoP

23: Ending Recording

t.store

74: tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 23

Control Functions

Note

The StorE > StArt and StorE > CLEAr menu functions can
only be selected a long as memory is not completely full
(StorE > StArt), or not completely empty (StorE > CLEAr).

Ending Recording

Ð If the instrument is in the measuring mode, return to the menu

function by pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key. Select “StorE”
again and acknowledge by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.
“StoP” blinks at the main display.

store on StoP store

Ð Acknowledge the “StoP” display by pressing FUNC | ENTER.

The

STORE display segment in the header is cleared, indicating

that recording has been ended.

Ð Press the MEASURE | SETUP key in order to return to the measur-

ing function.

Ð Memory mode operation can also be exited by switching the

multimeter off.

Querying Memory Occupancy

Memory occupancy can be queried during recording with the
help of the “1nFo” menu (see also section 6.3).

Memory occupancy range: 000.1% to 099.9%.

1nFo

bAtt

x.x V



...



0CCvP :

017.4

%

Clear Memory

This function deletes all measured values from memory! (blinks)
It’s advisable to execute this function before starting a new

measurement data recording.

1nFo

 ...  StorE store off StArt (blinks)

 store CLEAr no  yes empty  store

Storage of Individual Values Using the SAMPLE or dAtA Sampling Rate

If only individually selected values need to be saved, the SAMPLE
value must be selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling value. If
memory mode operation is then started, a single measured value
is saved to permanent memory with time stamp when the DATA/
MIN/MAX key is pressed and held until two rapidly repeating
acoustic signals are generated (not in the case of mains analysis).

If dAtA is selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling rate, and if mem­ory mode operation is then started, measured values ascertained
with activated DATA function are automatically saved to perma­nent memory with time stamp.

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

24 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Control Functions

4.5.1 Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I DC

Rapid momentary value acquisition is only activated during mem­ory mode operation in the U DC and I DC functions, and only after
selecting a sampling period of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 50 ms: All
trigger and hysteresis functions are available, although the
momentary value is acquired with a separate measuring circuit.

This allows for the recording of the waveshapes of low-frequency
signals with reduced resolution and accuracy (typically < 1% of the
measuring range under reference conditions, not specified).
Roughly 300,000 measured values can be saved in this mode.
Values of up to about 1.9 x Umax or Imax are recorded (with fixed
range, range-dependent fluctuations), and thus the range limit
can be exceeded by approximately 90%.

Note

The ZERO/REL function is not taken into consideration for
rapid momentary value acquisition!

4.5.2 Power and Energy Measurement in the Memory Mode

The value selected for the SEt > EnErGY > StorE menu parameter
specifies which values from power and energy measurements will
be saved during memory mode operation:

• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = normal (default setting):
Momentary values for current, voltage, active, reactive and
apparent power, as well as power factor, are acquired and
saved to memory at the selected sampling rate (at least 0.5 s).

• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = demand:
The instrument only saves mean power values at the end of the
dEMAnd tiME observation period
(see section 6.4.4, “dEMAnd tiME” parameter).

• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = all:
Momentary values are saved at the selected sampling rate and
mean power values are saved at the end of each dEMAnd
tiME observation period
(see section 6.4.4, “dEMAnd tiME” parameter).

Ð Set the dEMAnd tiME interval for memory mode operation

before you start recording.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 25

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5 Measurements

5.1 Voltage Measurement

Notes Regarding Voltage Measurement

• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or re­chargeable batteries. Dangerous voltages are otherwise not indicated,
and the instrument may be damaged.

• The multimeter may only be operated by persons who are capa­ble of recognizing contact hazards and taking the appropriate
safety precautions. Contact hazards exist anywhere, where volt­ages of greater than 33 V (RMS) may occur.
The test probes may only be only gripped up to the finger guard.
Do not touch the metallic test probes under any circumstances.

• Avoid working alone when taking measurements which involve
contact hazards. Be certain that a second person is present.

• Maximum permissible voltage between the connector sockets, (9
and 10) and ground (8) is 600 V for measuring category III and
300 V for measuring category IV. An acoustic signal is generated
at a display value of greater than 600.0 V in the 600 V range (in­termittent acoustic signal: 250 ms on, 250 ms off).

• Power limiting: < 6 x 10

6

Volts x Hertz.

• Be prepared for the occurrence of unexpected voltages at devices
under test (e.g. defective devices). For example, capacitors may
be dangerously charged.

• No measurements may be made with this instrument in electri­cal circuits with corona discharge (high-voltage).

• Special care is required when measurements are made in HF
electrical circuits. Dangerous pulsating voltages may be present.

• Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage spikes are not displayed
during measurement with the low-pass filter.
We recommend measuring voltage without the low-pass filter first, in
order to be able to detect any dangerous voltages.

• Be absolutely certain that the measuring ranges are not over­loaded beyond their allowable capacities. Limit values are in­cluded in section 8, "Technical Data”, in the table entitled
“Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges” in the “Overload
Capacity” column.

• With the rotary switch in the V position, the instrument is
always in the 6 V measuring range immediately after it’s
switched on. As soon a the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, and as­suming the measured value is less than 600 mV, the instrument
is switched to the mV measuring range.

Scope of Functions, Voltage Measurement

1

A 1 kHz low-pass filter can be used in this case, in order to filter out high frequency
pulses of greater than 1 kHz, for example when performing measurements at
pulsed motor drives.

Function

V AC / Hz TRMS, dB
(Ri  9 M)

1



V AC / TP-Filter 1 kHz

1

(Ri  9 M) TRMS



V AC+DC TRMS
(Ri  9 M)



V DC (Ri  17 M)



MHz at 5 V AC



Duty cycle as %



Frequency bandwidth

100 kHz

26 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.1 Direct Voltage, Pulsating Voltage and Crest Factor Measurement
– V DC, V (DC+AC) and CF

Note

Set the CL iP parameter to 0FF in the current clamp setup
menu. Otherwise all measured values are displayed in
amperes, corrected by the amount resulting from the
selected transformation ratio for an interconnected current
clamp sensor. The clamp symbol is also displayed. Refer to
section 6.4, "Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu”

,

regarding adjustment.

Ð In accordance with the voltage to be measured, turn the rotary

switch to V or V .

Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.

The “” connector jack should be grounded.

Note

An intermittent acoustic signal warns the operator if the mea­sured value exceeds the upper range limit in the 600 V range.

Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been acti­vated when the multimeter is connected for voltage measurement!
If the fuse’s blowing limits are exceeded as a result of operator
error, both the operator and the instrument are in danger!

With the rotary switch in the V position (auto-ranging), the multime­ter is always in the 6 V measuring range immediately after it’s swit­ched on. As soon a the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, and assuming
the measured value is less than 600 mV, the instrument is swit­ched to the 600 mV measuring range. Press the

 key in order to

switch to the 60 mV measuring range.

COM

V
Tem p



– (+)

+ (–)

V= : 60 mV 600 V

20,000

V

DC

AC

TRMS

20,000

V

DC

V

V

V

V

> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:

> 600 V:

Warnings regarding dangerous

max. 600 V (< 10 kHz)

V: 600 mV 600 V

max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)

P

max

= 6 x 106 V x Hz

Measuring ranges:

000000

20.000 00:00:00

V

Cf: 01.0

EVENTS

MAN

DC

000000

00.000 00:00:00

V

EVENTS

MAN

AC
TRMS

voltage:

V

V

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

CL ip = 0FF

!

CF: 1.0 ... 11.0

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 27

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Note

60 mV range:

Thermovoltages occur in the event of temperature fluctua­tion, which appear as additional voltage offset. It may be
necessary to repeat zero offsetting in order to achieve the
specified degree of accuracy.

Crest Factor Display

Crest factor is displayed for voltages in the V (AC+DC) function
along with the measured voltage value. The voltage value is mea­sured simultaneously in a separate measuring circuit to this end,
and crest factor is displayed within a range of 1.0 to 11.0.

This value indicates the quality of the applied signal. The only pre­requisite is a periodic signal with a valid frequency (see table).

Measuring range: 1.0

 CF  11.0; resolution: 0.1

Typical (not specified) maximum deviation
for U  5% of the measuring range:

Frequency CF  3.0 3.0 < CF  5.0 5.0 < CF  10.0

10 to 70 Hz  02 02 05

70 to 440 Hz 02 05 Not valid

440 Hz to 1 kHz 05 Not valid Not valid

> 1 kHz: Not valid Not valid Not valid

28 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Events Recording “EVEntS” Events recording can be activated with DC or AC coupling in the

V DC switch position. The auto-ranging function is deactivated,
and the respective valid measuring range must be selected manu­ally in the left-hand auxiliary display.

The following can be measured and displayed:

• Number of events

An event is recorded whenever at least 1 measured value has
fallen short of the L-trig threshold and subsequently at least 1
measured value has exceeded the H-trig threshold.

Voltage signals with a repetition frequency of less than 500 Hz
or 2 Hz are recorded (event rate or period of 0.001 s or 0.5 s).

• Total time for all events

Time during which measured voltage was above the upper
trigger threshold.

• Total time elapsed since event recording was started

Event Recording Parameter with DC Coupling – DC Sampling Rate

Ð Enter the desired sampling rate in the parameter settings

menu:

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  events

events trig / events rate DC 

events rate : 0 ..001 /0..5 s



20.000

V

DC

AC

TRMS

20.000

V

DC

V

V

V

V

000.000

20,000 00:00:00

V

Cf: 01.0

EVENTS

MAN

DC

000.000

00,000 00:00:00

V

EVENTS

MAN

AC
TRMS

V

V

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

CL ip = 0FF

!

Number of elements

Time elapsed since recording start

Event value

DC coupling

Number of elements

Time elapsed since recording start

Event value

AC coupling

(sampling rate: 0.5 s / 1 ms)

(sampling rate: 0.5 s)

Total time for all eventsOn

DATA/MIN/MAX

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 29

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Note

1 ms sampling is executed with reduced resolution and
accuracy (approx. 1% of the measuring range under refer­ence conditions).

Events Measurement Parameter – Trigger Thresholds

Ð Enter upper threshold H-trig and lower threshold L-trig in digits in

the parameter settings menu (see table with examples below):

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  events

events rate DC / events trig



h-trig set : -60000 ... +60000



l-trig set : -60000 ... +60000



Examples of Trigger Threshold Entries

Selecting the Measurement

Ð In accordance with the voltage to be measured, turn the rotary

switch to V or V .

Ð Manually select the measuring range for the event value in the

left-hand auxiliary display.

Ð Apply the signal as you would for a voltage measurement.

Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until

EVENTS (DC) or EVENTS (AC) appears at the display.

You can switch back and forth between two times with the DATA/
MIN/MAX key:

Total time elapsed since event recording was started
ON Total time of all events (voltage above H-triG)

Entered Value:
H-trig or L-trig Trigger Threshold in Digits

20 000 02 000 00 200

Meas. range Effective trigger threshold

600 mV 200 mV 20 mV 2 mV

6 V 2 V 200 mV 20 mV

60 V 20 V 2 V 200 mV

600 V 200 V 20 V 2 V

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

30 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.2 Alternating Voltage and Frequency Measurement V AC and Hz
with Selectable Low-Pass Filter, V AC + FILTER and dB V AC

Note

Set the CL iP parameter to 0FF in the current clamp setup
menu.
Otherwise all measured values are displayed in amperes,
corrected by the amount resulting from the selected trans­formation ratio for an interconnected current clamp sensor.
The clamp symbol is also displayed. Refer to

section

6.4, "Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu”

,

regarding adjustment.

Ð In accordance with the voltage or frequency to be measured,

turn the rotary switch to V~.

Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.

The “” connector jack should be grounded.

Voltage measurement

Note

An intermittent acoustic signal warns the operator if the mea­sured value exceeds the upper range limit in the 600 V range.

Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been acti­vated, when the multimeter is connected for voltage measurement!
If the fuse’s blowing limits are exceeded as a result of operator
error, both the operator and the instrument are in danger!

Ð You can switch back and forth between voltage measurement

with and without low-pass filter.

Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until the

unit of measure V, or V and FILTER, appears at the display.

Frequency Measurement

Signal frequency appears at the left-hand auxiliary display when
the instrument executes alternating voltage measurements. A
separate frequency measurement can be additionally performed
by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key, which allows for use of the DATA
and Min-Max functions.

If the measuring signal is too low, switch manually to a lower
range.

Lowest measurable frequencies and maximum allowable voltages
are listed in section 8, "Technical Data”.

Note

For measurements close to the trigger threshold: display
error or zero. Select a lower voltage measuring range. In the
case of measured values which are many times greater than
the expected results, the input signal may be distorted. If this
is the case, perform a measurement with activated 1 kHz
low-pass filter.

Measurement with Low-Pass Filter

Attention!

!

Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage spikes are not
displayed during this type of measurement (see also
“Voltage Comparator”. We recommend measuring voltage
without the low-pass filter first, in order to be able to detect
any dangerous voltages.

A 1 kHz low-pass filter can be activate if required, in order to filter
out high frequency pulses of greater than 1 kHz, for example when
performing measurements at pulsed motor drives, i.e.
undesired voltages of greater than 1 kHz can be suppressed.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 31

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

The active low-pass filter is indicated by the FILTER display. The
multimeter is automatically switched to manual measuring range
selection.

Specified measuring accuracy is not reached with signals of grea­ter than 100 Hz when the filter is active.

Voltage Comparator for Displaying Dangerous Voltage

The input signal or measuring signal is checked by a voltage
comparator for dangerous spikes, because these do not appear at
the display when the low-pass filter is used.
At voltages of greater than 30 V AC or 35 V DC, a danger symbol
appears at the display: .

COM

V
Tem p



max. 600 V (< 10 kHz)

V~: 600 mV  600 V

Hz: 1 Hz ¼ 300 kHz

~

max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)

P

max

= 6 x 106 V x Hz

Measuring ranges:

> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:

> 600 V:

Warnings regarding dangerous voltage:

for U > 100 V

V~

Hz

V~

V~ & Filter

1 kHz

V~

049.45

AC

!

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

dB

dB

TRMS

230.00

V

050.00

AC

TRMS

1 kHz

dB

Hz

050.00

Hz

AC

TRMS

230.00

V

050.00

AC

TRMS

Hz

FILTER

CL ip = 0FF

!

R:00.775

V

230.0

V

Reference value

Current measured value

MAN

32 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Alternating Voltage Level Measurement (dB)

Voltage level measurement is used in order
to ascertain overall attenuation or boosting of
a transmission system (shown here as a 4­pole setup).

Where U

1

= U

REF

(reference level)
Result > 1: boosting
Result < 1: attenuation

Ð Manually select the measuring range for the voltage amplitude.

When the instrument is switched to dB measurement, the pre­viously selected voltage measuring range remains active.

Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key FUNC | ENTER until the

unit of measure dB appears at the display.
Lowest measurable frequencies and maximum allowable volt­ages are included in section 8, "Technical Data”.

The level measurement function is now activated. The measured
value is calculated based upon the RMS value of the alternating
voltage component relative to the measuring range (600 mV 
600 V), and displayed.

The default setting for the reference level is 0 dB = 0.775 V (1 mW
to 600 ). This value van be adjusted in the “SET” menu (see also
section 6.4):

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  dbrEF

dbrEF set: 00 ..001 ... 99 V 

Note

No terminal resistors have been integrated into the device. It
performs measurement with a high input impedance of at
least 9 M (see technical data).
In order to be able to perform correct measurement at non­terminated devices under test, the terminating resistor must
be connected to the terminals. Be sure to take power loss at
the terminating resistor into consideration!

U

1

U

2

Voltagelevel dB20

U

2

U

1

------log=

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 33

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.3 Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording – PQ

Overview

The METRAHIT ENERGY is equipped with an operating mode for
mains disturbance recording in the PQ switch position. Input
voltage is simultaneously measured with a different measuring
circuit to this end.

• The RMS value of the applied voltage is measured and
displayed continuously. (This measurement corresponds to
DC+AC TRMS measurement, see section 5.1.2.) The
measurement is used for precise detection of overvoltages and
undervoltages.

• Additionally, the voltage is sampled at 1.2 kS/s and a half-cycle
RMS value is calculated for each half-cycle: This is used to de­tect short overvoltages (swells) and undervoltages (dips). Mains
frequency (50 or 60 Hz) must be correctly set for this measure­ment (see section 6.4.5).

• Momentary values acquired by means of fast sampling are used
for the detection of briefly exceeded absolute values (peaks).

• Steep voltage surges within a range of 200 V to 1000 V
relative to the momentary voltage value are additionally
acquired by a sample&hold circuit.

The measuring range can be adjusted from 6 to 600 V: With the
exception of transient detection (fixed range of 200 to 1000 V), all
disturbances can be detected in all three voltage ranges, but only
at frequencies of 0 Hz (direct voltage), 50 or 60 Hz.

Acquirable Mains Disturbances

The following types of disturbances are recorded:

• Undervoltage (LoVoLt) and overvoltage (HiVoLt) with start time,
duration and extreme value.

• Under and overvoltage of the half-period RMS value (dips and
swells) with start time, as well as minimum and maximum
values.

• Momentarily exceeded values with a duration of greater than
1 ms (peak) with time of occurrence and maximum value

• Steep transients with a rise time of 0.5 to 5 ms within a range of
200 to 1000 V including time of occurrence, relative voltage
value and the previous 1 ms instantaneous value

Based on the example of a 230 V, 50 Hz line voltage, the
following figure depicts acquirable disturbances in addition to the
detection of undervoltages and overvoltages:

It must be noted that certain events – depending upon the
threshold voltage selected for them – often occur in combination,
for example the “LoVolt” event always occurs together with the
“diP” event, if the same threshold voltage has been selected for
both, but not the other way around.

Line Voltage

34 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Parameters Configuration

Prior to mains analysis, the function’s parameters have to be confi­gured under SET > MAinS. The following parameters are available:

• MAinS.F: Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is re­quired for the calculation of the TRMS half-cycle value:
50 or 60 Hz can be selected. Selection is irrelevant for DC sig­nals.

• rAnGE: The 6 V, 60 V or 600 V range (default) can be selected as
the voltage measuring range.

• TRIG: The threshold values for undervoltage (LoVoLt LiMit) and
overvoltage (HiVoLt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage
value can be entered here in digits. The full measuring range
corresponds to 60,000 digits.

• diP LiMit: If the TRMS half-cycle value falls short of the specified
value (in digits, 60,000 = full measuring range), a voltage drop
(dip) is detected.

• SWELL LiMit: If the TRMS half-cycle value exceeds the specified
limit, a brief overvoltage (swell) is detected.

• PEAK LiMit: If the momentary voltage value exceeds the value
specified here (regardless of polarity), an exceeded limit value is
recorded (PEAK).

• trAnS LiMit: A level can be set here as of which a voltage tran­sient is recorded. This is a polarity-independent entry relative to
the momentary value. The smallest value is 200 V. Regardless of
the selected measuring range, acquisition always takes place
within a range of 200 to 1000 V.

* Absolute value of the transients is limited to 1000 V by input protection.

Sequence

Ð Set the trigger values for the MAinS menu:

Line frequency: MAinS.F
Meas. range formains disturbance recording: rAnGE
Lower trigger threshold: LoVolt LiMit
Upper trigger threshold: HiVolt LiMit
Voltage dip limit value: diP LiMit
Voltage swell limit value: SWELL LiMit
Trigger for surges or voltage peaks: PEAK LiMit
Limit value for transients: trAnS LiMit

See section 6.4.5, "MAinS Submenu”, regarding settings.

Ð Set the rotary switch to PQ.

Ð Connect meas. cables same as for a voltage measurement.

Mains monitoring is started automatically as soon as the selector
switch is set to PQ.

The number of recorded mains disturbances appears at the left­hand auxiliary display. Recorded events can be deleted by pres­sing and holding the ZERO key.

Typ e of
Disturbance

Measuring
Range

Resolu­tion

Intrinsic Uncertainty
under Reference
Conditions with Fixed
Frequency of 50/60 Hz

Pulse Time

Over/under­voltage

6 ... 600 V

60,000

digits

Dip/swell

6 ... 600 V

6000 di-

gits

1% rdg. + 1% MR

 1 half-cycle

Peak

6 ... 600 V

6000 di-

gits

1% rdg. + 2% MR

 1 ms

Transients * 200 ... 1000 V 10 V  50 V 0.5 ... 5 s

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 35

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.4 Mains Disturbance Recording in Memory Mode Operation

If memory mode operation is started (see STORE menu function
above), further data in addition to those which appear at the dis­play are saved to memory, allowing for computer aided visual
assessment:

• Regardless of which events occur, (DC+AC) TRMS voltage is
continuously recorded with adjustable sampling rate, and in
consideration of the selected hysteresis value.

• If a dip or a swell is recorded, the RMS half-cycle values of the
10 previous and 90 subsequent half-cycles are recorded.

• If a peak is recorded, the momentary values of the two half­periods both before and after the peak are acquired.

Note

Memory mode operation must be stopped before data can
be read out of the instrument.

36 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.5 Harmonic Analysis (voltage measurement)

In the switch positions for the mains quality analysis and cur­rent measurement (A) functions, harmonic analysis is performed
approximately once per second using 32 averaged sampling
values per mains period (adjustable to 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz, see
section 6.4.6 on page 71).
FFT (fast Fourier transformation) makes oscillations up to the 15

th

harmonic available to this end. The RMS values of the fundamental
harmonic (HD 1) and the individual higher harmonics (HD 2
through 15), as well as total harmonic distortion (THD) are calcula­ted. RMS values and harmonic components are displayed in each
case (RMS values relative to the RMS value of the fundamental
harmonic). Harmonic analysis is also available for current clamp
measurement.

Ð Set the rotary switch to PQ.

Ð Press the multifunction key FUNC | ENTER.

Ð Connect the measurement cables as you would for a voltage

measurement.

The main display shows total harmonic distortion as a percentage,
and the total RMS value of distortion appears at the right-hand
auxiliary display.

Ð The distortion components (main display) and the RMS values

of the individual harmonics (left-hand auxiliary display) can be
measured by pressing the





scroll keys.

Ð The instrument is switched directly to a display of total har-

monic distortion after pressing the ZERO | ESC key.

Prerequisites

The results of harmonic analysis are only valid if the following
conditions are fulfilled:

• The fundamental frequency corresponds with the selected
fundamental frequency.

• Only significant harmonic components occur up to the 15

th

har­monic (made apparent by rapidly dropping RMS value compo­nents up to the 15

th

harmonic).

• The AC TRMS value amounts to at least 5% of the measuring
range.

Additional Harmonic Analyses (current measurement)

For direct current measurement see section 5.8.1, for measure­ment with current clamp sensor see section 5.8.2 and for measu­rement with current clamp transformer see section 5.8.3.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 37

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

FUNC

ENTER

000.0

%

AC

TRMS

thd

:

000

V

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

100.0

%

AC

TRMS

harm:1 000

V

Fundamental harmonic: 1st harmonic

HArM

Line frequency: harm .f: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz

Measuring range: v.range: 600mV/6 /60 /600 V/auto

Parameters for harmonic analysis:

HArM:1 RMS value of the
fundamental harmonic in V

000.0

%

AC

TRMS

harm:2 000

V

Harmonics: 2 ... 15

RMS value,
2nd harmonic

100%
for fundamental harmonic

Distortion through
2

nd

harmonic

PQ

FUNC

ENTER

Event
duration*

Event
value

Types of events:

Dropout: mains failure
Swell:overvoltage
Peak: surge / voltage peak
Trans: transients
dip:voltage drop
lovolt: lower trigger threshold
hivolt: upper trigger threshold

231.00

V

DC

AC

TRMS

000.002

Number of

14:31:10

trans

DC

AC

TRMS

000001

270

26:04:10

Start
time

Event
type

280.1

Event no. 002

Event selection

001 ... 999

mains

Momentary

MAN

on

V

DC

AC

TRMS

MAN MAN

on on

000.00

26:04:10 00:22:43

V

DC

AC

TRMS

MAN

on

15:01:10

lovolt

DC

AC

TRMS

000002

MAN

on

events

measured value

ZERO

ESC

CLiP = OFF !  SETUP

Total RMS value

of distortion in V

thd: total distortion as %

relative to fundamental harmonic

on

ON: disturbance persists

PQ

* Exception, trAnS: previous 1 ms momentary value

38 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.6 Frequency and Duty Cycle Measurement

Ð Set the rotary switch to MHz or %.

Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.

Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been acti­vated when the multimeter is connected for frequency or duty
cycle measurement!

Attention!

!

The applied signal voltage may not exceed 5 V.

Frequency Measurement, MHz

A 5 V signal with a frequency of up to 1 MHz is measured and dis­played using MHz as a unit of measure. The pulse frequency is the
reciprocal value of the pulse period.

Duty Cycle Measurement t

E/tP

The ratio of pulse duration to pulse period is measured with
periodic square-cycle signals and is displayed as a percentage.

Note

The applied frequency must remain constant during duty
cycle measurement.

Duty cycle (%) =

Pulse duration (t

E

)

Pulse period (t

P

)

 100

COM

V
Tem p



max. 5 V

!

1.0323

kHz

002.00

%

MHz

%

MHz

%

U

t

t

E

t

P

tE/t

P

Pulse Time Quantities

f

P

pulse frequency = 1/tP

t

E

pulse duration

t

P

pulse period

t

P

– tEinterpulse period

t

E/tP

pulse or duty cycle

f

P

FUNC

ENTER

Measuring ranges:

fp pulse frequency range

Hz tE/t

P

15 Hz ... 1 kHz 2 ... 98 %

... 10 kHz 5 ... 95 %
... 50 kHz 10 ... 90 %

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 39

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.2 Resistance, Conductivity and Low-Resistance Measurement

Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the de-

vice to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capaci­tors.

Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.

Interference voltages distort measurement results!
Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of volt­age with the help of the direct voltage measurement.

Ð Set the rotary switch to “” or “nS”.

Ð Connect the device under test as shown.

Note

Use short or shielded measurement cables in the case of
high-impedance resistance.

 and R

PE

: “0 L” appears at the display in the case of an open con-

nection.
nS: “u r” (under range) appears at the display in the case of an

open connection.

Improving Accuracy for Resistance and Low-Resistance Measurement by
means of Zero Balancing

Cable resistance and contact resistance can be eliminated in all
measuring ranges by means of zero balancing (see section 4.2)
(applies to  and RPE functions only).

COM

V
Tem p



R

x

R

x

0V !

!



600   60 M

Measuring ranges:

nS



nS

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

000.00

050.0

S

30.00

rpe



n

R

SL



nS: 15 – 600 nS
RPE: 60 

RPE >

0.1 ... 60.9,

OL

40 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.2.1 Conductivity Measurement

Conductivity measurement works within a range of 15 to 600 nS.
“ur” (under range) appears at the display for values below this
range, and “OL” appears for value which exceed the range.

5.2.2 Low-Resistance Measurement with Constant Current (RPE)

RPE measurement is started by pressing the FUNC key twice with
the selector switch in the  or nS position:
This is a low-resistance measurement within a range of 0.01 to
60  with a constant current of approximately 3 mA.
Open circuit voltage is roughly 9 V.

Zero balancing must be executed before performing this measure­ment.

Zero Balancing

Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and connect

the free ends to each other.

Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.

The instrument acknowledges zero balancing with an acoustic
signal, and the “ZERO REL” symbol appears at the LCD. The
value measured at the moment the key is pressed serves as a
reference value.

Ð Zero balancing can be cleared by once again pressing the

ZERO | ESC key.

Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement

In the event of a measured value which exceeds the selected limit
value, the system multimeter generates a continuous acoustic sig­nal. The limit value can be adjusted in the “SET” menu in 0.1 
steps (see also section 6.4):

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  r_pe

r _pe set: 00 .1 ... 00.3 ... 60 .9 , 0 L 

(0.3  = default setting)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 41

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.3 Continuity Test with Constant Current of 1 mA

Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the de-

vice to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capaci­tors.

Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.

Interference voltages distort measurement results!

Ð Set the rotary switch to .

Ð Connect the conductor path under test as shown.

“0 L” appears at the display in the case of an open connection.
Open circuit voltage is approximately 3 V.

Limit Value for Volume Resistance

Depending upon the selected limit value, the multimeter generates
a continuous acoustic signal in the case of continuity or short-cir­cuiting, i.e. at a value of less than the selected limit value. The limit
value can be adjusted in the “SET” menu (see also
section 6.4):

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  bEEP

bEEP set: 001, 010, 020 ... 500 



in 10 Ohm steps

(10 = default setting)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

COM

V
Tem p



0V !

!

000.8



0.443

V

DC

R < 1, 10, 20 ... 500 

FUNC

ENTER

Open circuit voltage: 3 V

42 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.4 Diode Testing with Constant Current of 1 mA

Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the de-

vice to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capaci­tors.

Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.

Interference voltages distort measurement results!
Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of volt­age with the help of the direct voltage measurement.

Ð Set the rotary switch to .

Ð Acknowledge by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.

Ð Connect the device under test as shown.

Forward Direction and Short-Circuit

The instrument displays forward voltage in volts (display: 4 places).
As long as voltage drop does not exceed the maximum display
value of 6.0 V, several series connected components or reference
diodes can be tested with a small reference voltage and Z-diodes.

Reverse Direction and Interruption

The measuring instrument indicates overload: “0 L”.

Note

Resistors and semiconductor paths connected in parallel to
the diode distort measurement results!

COM

V
Tem p



Forward Direction Reverse Direction

0V !

0.654
0

.

L

up to 6.000 V

Measuring Range:

+

–

0.443

V

!

000.8



DC

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 43

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.5 Temperature Measurement

Temperature measurement is performed with a type K thermo­couple or a type Pt100 or Pt1000 resistance sensor (accessory,
not included) which is connected to the voltage input.

Refer to section 6.4 regarding selection of the temperature unit of
measure.

5.5.1 Measurement with Thermocouples, Temp TC

Ð Set the rotary switch to “Temp

TC

”.

Note

The last selected temperature measurement or the last
selected temperature sensor, i.e. type K or Pt100/Pt1000,
remains in memory and is accordingly displayed. Press the
FUNC | ENTER key in order to change to the other measuring
function.

Ð Either the internal reference junction or an external reference

temperature can be specified as the reference temperature
(see section 6.4.3). Type (“I.” for internal or “E.” for external) and
temperature of the selected reference junction appear at the
right-hand auxiliary display during measurement.

Note

The internal reference temperature (temperature of the
internal reference junction) is measured by a temperature
sensor inside of the instrument. This may deviate somewhat
from room temperature as a result of internal heat-up, or
moving from warmer to colder surroundings or vice versa.

Ð Connect the sensor to the two accessible jacks. The instru-

ment displays the measured temperature using the selected
unit of measure.

Note

After previously performing a 10 A current measurement,
the measuring instrument should be allowed to cool down
for 30 minutes before performing measurements with ther­mocouples, in order to assure that the specified accuracy
levels are achieved.

COM

V
Tem p



Te mp

TC

0023.3

°C

Temp

RTD

TC

TC

TC

0256.0

°C

Pt1000

RTD

Measuring Range

TC K (NiCr-Ni) –250.0  + 1372.0 C

FUNC

ENTER

1.22.4

44 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.5.2 Measurement with Resistance Sensors

Ð Set the rotary switch to “Temp

TC

” or “Temp

RTD

”.

The last selected temperature measurement or last selected tem­perature sensor, i.e. type K or Pt100/Pt1000, remains in memory
and is displayed. Press the FUNC | ENTER key in order to change to
the other measuring function. The sensor type, i.e. Pt100 or
Pt1000, is detected automatically and displayed. There are two
different ways to compensate for cable resistance:

Automatic Compensation

Ð Press the ZERO | ESC key. The “short leads” display appears.

If you prefer to enter cable resistance directly, you can skip the fol­lowing entry prompt.

Ð Short circuit the measuring instrument’s connector cables.

“00.00 ” appears at the display. After pressing the FUNC | ENTER
key, automatic compensation of cable resistance is activated
for all subsequent measurements. The short-circuit can now
be eliminated, and the device is ready for use.

Entering Cable Resistance

Ð Press the ZERO | ESC key once again in the automatic compen-

sation menu.

Ð Enter the known resistance value of the connector cables with the

scroll keys: Select the digit to be changed with the

left/right

cursor

and change the respectively selected digit with the

 keys.

The default value is 0.43  (Z3409). Values can be selected
within a range of 0 to 50 .

Ð Upon pressing the FUNC | ENTER key, the selected value is acti-

vated and the display is returned to the measuring function.
Cable resistance remains in memory even after the instrument
has been switched off.

COM

V
Tem p



Te mp

TC

Temp

RTD

TC

RTD

00.00



short leads

Enter Cable Resistance

Automatic

RTD

Compensation

Measuring Ranges

RTD Pt100 –200.0  +850.0 C
RTD Pt1000 –150.0  +850.0 C

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

ZERO

ESC

ZERO

ESC

FUNC

ENTER

00.50



0023.3

C

TC

1.22.4

0256.0

°C

Pt1000

rleadsmeas

rleadsset

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 45

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.6 Measuring Capacitance and Cable Length in km

Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the de-

vice to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capaci­tors.

Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.

Capacitors must always be discharged before measurement is
performed.
Interference voltages distort measurement results!
Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of volt­age with the help of the direct voltage measurement.

Ð Set the rotary switch to “ ” or m.

Ð Connect the (discharged!) device under test to the sockets

with the measurement cables as shown.

Note

The “–” pole of polarized capacitors must be connected to
the “^” jack.
Resistors and semiconductor paths connected in parallel to
the capacitor distort measurement results!

Note

Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations
during capacitance and cable length measurements!

Note

This function is above all intended for the measurement of
components. For telecommunication systems, it’s advisable
to use the special capacitance measurement for measure­ments in symmetrical copper cable networks with the

METRAHITT- C O M PLUS cable multimeter.

COM

V
Tem p



0V !

!

20.00

F

+

–

+

–

60 nF ... 600 F

Measuring Ranges:

0.200

m

m

k

FUNC

ENTER

m

COM

V
Tem p



6 km / 60 km

Cable Type = Constant!

n

46 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.6.1 Cable Length Measurement in m

In the cable length measuring mode, the instrument calculates
length as a function of the capacitance value entered by the user:

Preparation and execution of this measurement is the same as for
capacitance measurement.

Ð Press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until

“k” and “m” (for kilometers) appear at the display.

Note

Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations
during capacitance and cable length measurements!

CAP – Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement
(capacitive linear electric constant)

With regard to adjusting the “CAP” scaling factor (capacitive linear
electric constant), see also section 6.4.

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  CAP

CAP set: 010 nF/km . . . 100 nF/km . . . 500 nF/km



(100 nF = default setting)

Note

When measuring cable length, make sure that the cable
parameters (e.g. cross-section) are identical. Varying cable
parameters, for example interconnected cables of varying
type or cross-section, distort measurement results.

Length (km) =

measured capacitance (nF)
capacitance value (nF / km)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 47

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.7

Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive power – W, VA, VAr
Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh

The METRAHIT ENERGY is a compact power meter for direct and
alternating current in single-phase systems. The current path can
be measured directly (up to 10 A, max. 5 min., up to 16 A briefly
for max. 30 s), or with the help of current transformers or current
clamp transformers.

Power Measuring Ranges
(without current clamp; clamp factor can be calculated)

Bandwidth up to 1 kHz; signal components of higher frequency are clipped by in­put filters.

The instrument automatically selects the measuring range which
allows for highest possible resolution of the applied quantities. It’s
also possible to lock in the automatically selected measuring range
with the MAN / AUTO key. If the measuring range has been locked in,
this selection is retained when the instrument is switched to the
energy measuring mode.

A detailed description of the measuring range selection and the lock-in function
is provided in section 4.1.2 „Power and Energy Measurements“ on page 17.

Note

If the measuring instrument activates a measuring range
which is too high during automatic measuring range
selection, this may be due to peak value monitoring (see
section 4.1.3 on page 17). Check the crest factor of the
respective signal in V

AC+DC

or A

AC+DC

.

Significance of the Power Factor

1: no phase shifting
–(0 ... 0.99): capacitive; +(0 ... 0.99): inductive

Ð First disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or

the power consumer, and discharge any capacitors.

Ð Set the rotary switch to W. The instrument displays RMS

values for voltage and current, as well as active power.

Ð You can switch the display back and forth amongst active,

reactive and apparent power with the  and  keys (including
power factor).

Ð The extreme values can be displayed by pressing the DATA/MIN/

MAX key.

Ð Press the FUNC | ENTER key in order to measure active,

apparent and reactive power.

Ð Connect the current and voltage path as shown above.

I / U range 0.6 V 6 V 60 V 600 V
600 μA 0.36 mW 3.6 mW 36 mW 0.36 W
6 mA 3.6 mW 36 mW 0.36 W 3.6 W
60 mA 36 mW 0.36 W 3.6 W 36 W

0.6 A — 3.6 W 36 W 0.36 kW
6 A — — 0.36 kW 3.6 kW
10 A (16 A) — — 0.6 kW (0.96 kW) 6 kW (9.6 kW)

–/N

+/L

~

Power Consumer

COM

V
Tem p



AmA

48 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Use current clamp transformers
only. Power measurement is not
possible with current clamp sen­sors equipped with voltage out­put.

Note:

See also section 4.5.2, "Power
and Energy Measurement in the
Memory Mode”.

Min-Max Function in Power Measurement

Instantaneous power is displayed with the switch in the W setting.
The Min-Max function is activated with the DATA/MIN/MAX key. The
minimum and maximum values for active, reactive an apparent
power are display as of the beginning of the power measurement,
along with time of occurrence (date and time). Previous Min-Max
values can be cleared without exiting the function by pressing the
ZERO key.
This function differs from the general Min-Max function insofar as
measurement is performed continuously in the background, even if
the Min-Max display is not shown, and while the instrument is in
the energy measuring mode.

Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Power, and Power Factor – W, VA, VAr, PF

COM

V
Tem p



AmA

N

L

~

W

000.00

W

DC

AC
TRMS

W

000.0

Bandwidth:

... 1 kHz

Wh

mV

000.0

mA

VA

000.00

VA

DC

AC
TRMS

pf

: 0.00

VAr

μ

μ

000.00

DC

AC
TRMS

000.0mV000.0

mA

VAr

μ

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

* With current clamp trans. only

3.6 mW / 36 mW / 360 mW

3.6 W / 36 W / 360 W

3.6 kW / 6 kW / 36 kW* /

W measuring ranges:

360 kW* / 3.6 MW*

> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:

Warnings regarding dangerous
voltage:

PF measuring range:

–(0 ... 0.99): capacitive
+(0 ... 0.99): inductive
1:

no phase shifting

10 A (max. 5 min.)

16 A (max. 30 s)

Overload capacity at 600 V:

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 49

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Measurement of Momentary, Minimum and Maximum Values for Active, Reactive and Apparent Power

W

W

Wh

W

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

W

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

24:02:10

04

:21:

56

24:02:10

05

:33:

01

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

Minimum Values

Maximum Values

Momentary Values

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

VA

pf

: 0.00

VA

000.00

VA

DC

AC

TRMS

VA

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

VA

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

24:02:10

05

:33:

01

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

VAr

000.00

VAr

DC

AC

TRMS

VAr

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

VAr

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

24:02:10

05

:33:

01

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

W

W

000.00

W

DC

AC

TRMS

000.0mV000.0

mA

VAr

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

000.0

mV

000.0

mA

Min.

Long

24:02:10

04

:21:

56

Min.

24:02:10

04

:21:

56

Min.

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Long Long

μ

μ

μ

μ

μ

μ

μ

VA

μ

VAr

μ

ZERO

ESC

= Reset
Delete all values

50 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh

The instrument can be switched back and forth between energy
and power measurement by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.
Energy measurement begins as soon as power or energy measu­rement has been started.

Measured values resulting from power or energy measurement
can be reset by pressing and holding the ZERO | ESC key for longer
than 1 second. This applies to the MEAN and MAX displays as well
(mean power values and maximum mean power values).

Energy measurement is an integration of measured power over a
period of time: If integration duration is long enough (negligible
settling times), accuracy of the energy measurement corresponds
to the measuring accuracy of the power measurement on which it
is based.

Note

Due to the fact that invalid values occur briefly during mea­suring range switching for current or voltage during power
measurement, it’s advisable to lock into the largest measur­ing range during energy measurement in the event of fre­quent range changes.

Mean Power Values
Mean power consumption can be displayed by pressing the DATA/

MIN/MAX key, which can be reset after an adjustable observation

period that can be configured in the menu under SEt >
dEMAnd tiME. The observation period is selected synchronous to
clock time, so that the mean value generating period for the first
value is usually shorter than the selected observation period.

Example: demand time = 15 min., start time for first period: 16:36
=> the first value is generated at 16:45, the second at 17:00 etc.

If the auto-send function has been activated and energy measure­ment has been selected, mean power consumption values are
transmitted after this point in time, if the dEMAnd option has been
selected in the menu under Set > Energy > Store.

Maximum Mean Value for Power Consumption

The maximum mean power consumption value during the obser­vation period can be read out with date and ending time of the
observation period by repeatedly pressing the DATA/MIN/MAX key
(dEMAnd tiME parameter: see page 68).

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 51

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Measurement of Energy Values, and Mean Power Values for Active, Reactive and Apparent Power

W

000.00

Wh

DC

AC

TRMS

Wh

energy

Wh

00:00:00

W

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

W

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

FUNC

ENTER

On

mean

00

:00:

00

00:00:00

00

:00:

00

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

On

Max.

Mean

Maximum

Energy Values

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

VAh

energy

00:00:00

VA

000.00

VA

DC

AC

TRMS

VA

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

VA

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

On

mean

00

:00:

00

00:00:00

00

:00:

00

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

On

Max.

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

VArh

energy

00:00:00

VAr

000.00

VAr

DC

AC

TRMS

VAr

000.00

DC

AC

TRMS

VAr

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

On

mean

00

:00:

00

00:00:00

00

:00:

00

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

On

Max.

W>Wh

W

W

VA h

VAr

h

μ

μ

μ

μ

μ

μ

μ

μ

μ

ZERO

ESC

= Reset

Power Values

Mean Power

Values

Delete all Values

Long
long (1 s)

Setup  dEMAnd

Observation Period

Time

52 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.8 Current measurement

Notes Regarding Current Measurement

• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or re­chargeable batteries. Dangerous currents are otherwise not indicated,
and the instrument may be damaged.

• Set up the measuring circuit in a mechanically secure fashion, and
secure it against inadvertent breaks. Select conductor cross-sec­tions and lay out connections such that they do not overheat.

• An intermittent acoustic signal warns of current greater than 10 A.
An continuous acoustic signal warns of current greater than 16 A.

• When measuring high current values, limit them to maximum 16 A for
30 seconds and allow the multimeter to cool down for 10 minutes be­tween measurements.

• For purposes of orientation, internal temperature in close proximity to
the jacks is displayed at the right-hand auxiliary display in the 6 A and
10 A or 16 A ranges.

• The input for the current measuring range is equipped with a
fuse link. Use specified fuses only! The fuse must have a break­ing capacity of at least 30 kA.

• If the fuse for the active current measuring range blows, “FvSE”
appears at the digital display, and an acoustic signal is gener­ated at the same time.

• If a fuse should blow, eliminate the cause of overload before
placing the multimeter back into service!

• Fuse replacement is described in section 9.3.

• Be absolutely certain that the measuring ranges are not over­loaded beyond their allowable capacities. Limit values are in­cluded in section 8, "Technical Data”, in the table entitled
“Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges” in the “Overload
Capacity” column.

Scope of Functions, Current Measurement, Direct Connection

Scope of Functions, Current Measurement
with Current Clamp Sensor

Scope of Functions, Current Measurement
with Current Clamp Transformer

Function Switch Position Measuring Range

Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP=OFF

A AC+DC TRMS

A 600 A, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A
A DC A /~ 600 A, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A
A AC ~ A /~ 600 A, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A

Hz (A AC) A /~ ... 60 kHz

thd (A AC) A /~

Function Switch Position

Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP

OFF

A AC+DC V

A DC V

A AC V~

Hz (A AC) V~

thd (A AC)

Function Switch Position

Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP

OFF

A AC A /~

Hz (A AC) A /~

thd (A AC) A /~

A AC+DC A

A DC A /~

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 53

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.8.1 Direct Current Measurement

Measurement of Pulsating, Direct and Alternating Current, and Frequency
A (DC+AC), A DC and A AC/Hz Direct, and Total Harmonic Distortion

Ð First disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or

the power consumer (1), and discharge any capacitors. See
circuit diagram on next page.

Ð In accordance with the current to be measured, set the rotary

switch to A or A /~.

Note

Set the CL iP parameter to 0FF in the current clamp setup
menu. Otherwise all displayed measured values are cor­rected by the amount resulting from the selected transfor­mation ratio for an interconnected current clamp trans­former. The clamp symbol is also displayed. Refer to

section

5.8.2, "Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor”

;

regarding adjustment.

Ð Select the type of current appropriate for the measured quan-

tity by briefly pressing the FUNC | ENTER multifunction key. Each
time the key is pressed, the instrument is switched back and
forth between A (DC + AC)

TRMS

, ADC, AAC

TRMS

/Hz and %
thd, which is indicated by means of an acoustic signal. The
current type is indicated at the LCD by means of the
(DC+AC)

TRMS

, DC or AC

TRMS

symbol.
thd measurement: Total harmonic distortion appears at the
main display as a percentage relative to the fundamental har­monic, and the total RMS value of distortion appears at the
right-hand auxiliary display in A.

Ð Safely connect the measuring instrument (without contact re-

sistance) in series to the power consumer (2) as shown.

Ð Switch supply power to the measuring circuit back on (3).

Ð Read the display. Make a note of the measured value if the in-

strument is not being operated in the memory mode or the
transmission mode.

Ð Disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or the

power consumer (1) once again, and discharge any capaci­tors.

Ð Remove the test probes from the measuring point and return

the measuring circuit to its normal condition.

Crest Factor Display

Crest factor is displayed for current in the A (AC+DC) function
simultaneously along with the measured current value. The peak
current value is measured simultaneously in a separate measuring
circuit to this end, and crest factor is displayed within a range of

1.0 to 11.0.
This value indicates the quality of the applied signal. The only pre-

requisite is a periodic signal with a valid frequency (see table).
Measuring range: 1.0

 CF  11.0; resolution: 0.1

Typical (not specified) maximum deviation for signals greater than
5% of the measuring range:

Frequency CF  3.0 3.0 < CF  5.0 5.0 < CF  10.0

10 to 70 Hz  02 0.2 0.5

70 to 440 Hz 02 0.5 Not valid

440 Hz to 1 kHz 05 Not valid Not valid

> 1 kHz: Not valid Not valid Not valid

54 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Harmonic Analysis – Total Harmonic Distortion THD

With 32 sampled values per mains period (16.7; 50; 60 or 400 Hz
can be selected in the menu), harmonic analysis is executed
approximately once per second. FFT (fast Fourier transformation)
makes oscillations up to the 15th harmonic available to this end.
These are used to calculate the RMS values of the fundamental
harmonic (HD 1) and the individual higher harmonics (HD 2 ... 15),
as well as total harmonic distortion (THD). RMS values and distor­tion components are displayed in each case (RMS values relative
to the RMS value of the fundamental harmonic).

Due to the fact that the TRMS system multimeter is not equipped
with a special anti-aliasing filter, existing distortion above the 16

th

harmonic may influence measurement results for the higher har­monics.

Parameters for Harmonic Analysis

Ð Before measurement, please select the fundamental mains fre-

quency from the HARM menu with the help of the HARM.F pa­rameter, namely 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz (50 Hz = default
setting) (see

section 6.4, "Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu”

).

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 55

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

A

000.00

DC

A~

600 A / 6 mA
60 mA / 600 mA
6 A* / 10 A* (16 A max. 30 s)

8.8.8.8.8

!

A measuring range:

Current measurement
may only be performed
with installed batteries!

A

/

000.00

A

A

Cf: 01.0

A

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

000.00

AC

000.00

000.0

%

AC
TRMS

thd

:

thd

000

Hz

A

Hz measuring range:

1 ... 60 kHz

CL ip

=

0ff

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

100.0

%

AC

TRMS

harm:1 000

Fundam. harmonic: 1st harmonic

COM

AmA

~

R

x

~

R

x

1

3

2

I > 10 A

!

I > 16 A

Current

HArM

Line frequency: harm .f: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz
Measuring range: 1.range: 600μA/6 /60 /600mA/6 /10 A/auto

Parameters for harmonic analysis:

Crest factor CF: 1 ... 11%

Frequency

Total RMS value

of distortion in A

HArM:1 RMS value
of fund. harmonic in A

000.0

%

AC

TRMS

harm:2 000

Harmonics: 2 ... 15

RMS value,
2nd harmonic

100%
for fund. harmonic

Distortion through
2

nd

harmonic

thd: total distortion as percentage

relative to fundamental harmonic

μ

AμA

μ

A

μ

μ

Aμ

Aμ

ZERO

ESC

24.6°

C

*

24.6° C

*

24.6° C

*

*

Additional temperature display
(internal temperature at jacks)
in the 6 A and 10 A ranges

DC

AC

TRMS

TRMS

56 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.8.2 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor

Voltage/Current Transformer Output

When a current clamp sensor is connected to the system multime­ter (V input), all current displays appear with the correct value in
accordance with the selected transformation ratio. The only prere­quisite is that the current sensor is equipped with at least one of
the below listed transformation ratios, and that the ratio has been
previously selected in the following menu (

Cl ip 

0FF

) (see also

section 6.4).

Current Clamp Setup Menu

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  CLIP

CLIP set: 1:1 / 10/100/1000 / 0ff 

The maximum allowable operating voltage is equal to the nominal
voltage of the current transformer. When reading the measured
value, additional error resulting from the current clamp sensor
must also be taken into consideration (default setting:
Cl ip 0FF).

Harmonic Analysis with Current Clamp Sensor

Parameters for harmonic analysis:
See section 6.4.6 on page 71.

Tra n s. R a tio

CL IP

DMM Measuring Range Clamp Types

600 mV 6 V 60 V

1:1

1 m V / 1 mA

600.00 mA 6.0000 A 60.000 A WZ12C

1:10

1 mV / 10 mA

6.0000 A 60.000 A 600.00 A

WZ12B, Z201A/B,
METRAFLEX

1:100

1 mV / 100 mA

60.000 A 600.00 A 6000.0 A

Z202A/B,
METRAFLEX

1:1000

1 mV / 1 A

600.00 A 6000.0 A 60000 A

Z202A/B, Z203A/B,
WZ12C,
METRAFLEX

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

V~

1kHz

dB

V

V

[PQ]

~

R

x

Current

COM

V
Tem p



R

i

Ri  9 M
R

i

 17 M (DC)

> 600 V:

> 30 V AC / > 35 V DC:

Max. 600 V (< 10 kHz)

!

max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)

P

max

= 6 x 106 V x Hz

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 57

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Alternating Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor – A AC and Hz

Direct and Pulsating Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor – A DC and A (DC+AC)

Harmonic Analysis with Current Clamp Sensor – thd and A AC

Hz

050.00

Hz

AC

FUNC

ENTER

V~

1kHz

dB

1:1000

CL ip  0FF

!

TRMS

A~

100.50

A

AC
TRMS

Hz

1:1000

050.00

Hz

000.00

A

A

DC

FUNC

ENTER

V

V

1:1000

CL ip  0FF

!

CF

000.00

A

DC

AC

TRMS

A

1:1000

Cf: 01.0

[PQ]

000.0

%

AC

TRMS

thd

:

000

A

1:1000

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

000.0

%

AC

TRMS

harm:2 000

A

100.0

%

AC

TRMS

harm:1 000

A

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

ZERO

ESC

Harmonics: 3 ... 15

1:1000

1:1000

CL ip  0FF

!

Parameters: set > harm > harm .f: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz

58 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.8.3 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Transformer

Alternating Current Measurement and Total Harmonic Distortion,
Direct and Pulsating Current – A AC and thd, A DC, A AC+DC

Current/Current Transformer Output

When a current clamp transformer is connected to the multimeter
( mA/A input) all current displays appear with the correct value in
accordance with the selected transformation ratio. The only prere­quisite is that the current transformer is equipped with at least one
of the below listed transformation ratios, and that the ratio has
been previously selected in the following menu (Cl ip 0FF) (see
also section 6.4).

Note

The order of the measuring functions for switch position A
is changed when a clip factor is selected:
The two AC measuring functions, A AC and thd (A AC), are
moved to the beginning, because DC current cannot be
measured with common current clamp transformers.

Current Clamp Setup Menu

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  CLIP

CL IP set: 1:1 / 10/100/1000 / 0ff 

(default setting: Cl ip 0FF)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

Tra ns. R a tio

CL IP

DMM Measuring Range Clamp Types

60 mA AC 600 mA AC 6 A AC

1:1

1 mA / 1 mA

60.000 mA 600.00 mA 6.0000 A

WZ12A, WZ12D,
WZ11A, Z3511,
Z3512, Z3514

1:10

1 mA / 10 mA

600.00 mA 6.0000 A 60.000 A

1:100

1 mA / 100 mA

6.0000 A 60.000 A 600.00 A

1:1000

1 mA / 1 A

60.000 A 600.00 A 6000.0 A

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 59

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

COM

AmA

00.000

A

DC

A~

00.000

A

DC

AC

TRMS

A

A

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

00.000

A

AC

TRMS

000.0

%

AC

thd

:

thd

00.0

A

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

100.0

%

AC

TRMS

harm:100

.

0

A

Fundam. harmonic: 1st harmonic

HArM

Line frequency: set > harm > harm .f: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz
Measuring range: set > harm > U.range: 600mV/6 /60 /600V/auto

Parameters for harmonic analysis:

HArM:1 RMS value of the
fundam. harmonic in A

000.0

%

AC

TRMS

harm:200

.

0

A

Harmonics: 2 ... 15

RMS value.
2nd harmonic

100%
for fundam. harmonic

Distortion through
2

nd

harmonic

A

A

/

CLiP = 1:1/10/100/1000

1:1000

1:1000

1:1000

1:1000

A

DC

A

000.00

Hz

Cf: 01.0

~

R

x

Current

R

i

3 

60 mA / 600 mA / 6 A
to 0.7 A continuous

8.8.8.8.8

!

A measuring range:

Current measurement
may only be performed
with installed batteries!

10 A 5 min

Measuring range: set > harm >1.range: 600μA/6 /60 /600mA/6 /10 A/auto

TRMS

60 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

6 Device and Measuring Parameters

The instrument’s “SET” mode (menu mode) makes it possible to set
operating and measuring parameters, query information and acti­vate the interface.

Ð The menu mode is accessed by pressing the MEASURE | SETUP

key, assuming that the instrument is switched on and set to
“Measure” (measuring mode operation).
“1nFo” appears at the display.

Ð The main menus, i.e. the “SET”, “ SEnd” and “StorE” menus, are

accessed, and the display is returned to “1nFo” by repeatedly
activating the

  keys (in any direction).

Ð After selecting the desired main menu, sub-menus are ac-

cessed by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.

Ð The desired parameter is selected by repeatedly pressing the

 keys.

Ð In order to change a parameter, acknowledge it with the

FUNC | ENTER key, after which “SET” appears in the right-hand
auxiliary display.

Ð The

  keys can be used to position the cursor at the entry

position.
The desired value is selected with the help of the

 keys.

Ð Changes can only be accepted with the FUNC | ENTER key, after

which “SET” is cleared from the display.

Ð You can return to the sub-menu without making any changes

by pressing the ZERO | ESC key, and to the main menu by
pressing the ZERO | ESC key once again.

After repeatedly pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key (without first tur­ning the multimeter off), you can return to the last selected menu
or parameter from the measuring mode.

The instrument is returned to measuring mode operation by pres­sing the MEASURE | SETUP key.

Example: Setting Time

1nFo

 ...  set System

System t iME10:24:35

tiME set: 10:24:35 (hh:mm:ss)

 

Setting hours and minutes:

 

Advance to desired entry position.

 Change the setting, the entry position blinks.

Press and hold the key

to change the setting rapidly.
The new time setting is activated after
acknowledgment.

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 61

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.1 Paths to the Various Parameters

bAtt:
0CCvP:
t iME

//date:

ver

/caldat:

tEMP intern:

1nFo

SEnd

SET

StorE

StArt
StoP

Submenus / parameters 

Main Menus 

Query

Select /

Set

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

1nfo

MEASURE

SETUP

200.00

V

DC

AC

TRMS

Acknowledge

FUNC

ENTER

system
events
CLiP
bEEP
r_sl
Cap
dbref
tempunit
tempintern
mains
harm
energy

tiMe, dAtE, Addr, irStb , APoFF, blight, 0.disp

Acknowledge

FUNC

ENTER

StArt/StoP
CLEAr: yes

/no

hyst
rate
trig
t.store

Acknowledge

FUNC

ENTER

demand time, store

harm .f, v.range, 1.range

mains .f, 1 range, lovolt limit , hivolt limit, dip limit , swell limit, peak limit, trans limit

Acknowledge

FUNC

ENTER

h-trig , l-trig, events rate

set

Select /
set

Cf: 01.0

62 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.2 List of all Parameters, Main Menus and Submenus

Menus

Parameters

Page: Header

Menu / Submenu Function / Switch Position

0.disp 65: 0.diSP – Show/Hide Leading Zeros SEt/SYStEM All
Addr 76: Configuring Interface Parameters SEt/SYStEM Interface operation
APoFF 64: APoFF – Specified Time for Automatic Shutdown and Continuous On SEt/SYStEM All except PQ, W and Wh
bAtt 63: bAtt – Query Battery Voltage InFo Parameters query / all
bEEP 66: bEEP – Set Limit Value for Continuity Testing SEt

blight 65: bLiGht – Disable Deactivation of Background Illumination SEt/SYStEM All
Cap 66: CAP – Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement (capacitive linear electric constant) SEt m
CLEAr 22: Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu Function StorE Memory mode operation
CLAMP 66: CLiP – Set Transformation Ratio (current clamp factor) SEt A
dAtE 63: tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date, 64: dAtE – Enter Date SEt/SYStEM All
dBrEF 66: dbrEF – Set Reference Value for Alternating Voltage Level Measurement SEt dB

demand time

68: dEMAnd tiME – Time Interval for Mean Value Generation (parameter for power measurement in memory mode) SEt/EnErGY W/VA/VAr

diplimit 69: SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and Undervoltages SEt/MAinS PQ
energy 68: EnErGY Submenu SEt/EnErGY W/VA/VAr

energy Store

68: EnErGY StorE – Scope of Stored Values for Power and Energy Measurements SEt/EnErGY W/VA/VAr

events

65: EVEntS – Event Counter Sampling Rate and Trigger Thresholds

SEt/EVEntS V V

harm

71: HArM – Harmonic Analysis Parameter

SEt/HArM A/~ (THD)

hivolt

69: LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds

SEt/MAinS PQ

hyst 73: HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation) StorE Memory mode operation
1nfo 63: Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters) InFo Parameters query / all
irStb 76: Configuring Interface Parameters SEt/SYStEM Interface
lovolt 69: LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds SEt/MAinS PQ

mains

69: MAinS – Mains Disturbance Recording Parameter SEt/MAinS PQ

mains.f

69: MAinS.F – Select Line Frequency SEt/MAinS PQ

mains Range 69: MAinS rAnGE – Select a Measuring Range for Mains Disturbance Recording SEt/MAinS PQ
0CCvP 63: Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters) InFo Memory occupancy / all
rAtE

72: rAtE – Transmission and Storage Rate

SEt/EnErGY Memory mode operation

r_sl

66: r_SL – Set Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement

SEt



SEnd 75: Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode SEnd Interface operation
SET 64: Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu SEt Parameters menu
StArt

22: Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu Function

StorE

Memory mode operationStoP StorE

Store 72: StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation StorE

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 63

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.3 Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters)

bAtt – Query Battery Voltage

1nFo bAtt: 2.75 V.

OCCUP – Query Memory Occupancy

1nFo

bAtt: s ... s

0CCvP: 000.0

%

tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date

1nFo

bAtt: 

... 

dAtE: 31.12.2009 (DD.MM.YY)

t iME: 13:46:56 (hh:mm:ss)

h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds
D = day, M = month, Y = year

Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.

vErSion /cALdAt – Query Firmware Version and Calibration Date

1nFo bAtt:  ...  caldat :

31.02.10

VEr

: 1.00

tEMP intErn – Query Reference Temperature

The temperature of the internal reference junction is measured with a tempera­ture sensor in close proximity to the input sockets.

1nFo bAtt:



... 

1tEMP intern : 24

°C

Swell 69: SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and Undervoltages SEt/MAinS PQ
system 64: SYSTEM Submenu SEt/SYStEM All
tEMPintern 63: tEMP intErn – Query Reference Temperature InFo Temp TC/RTD
tEMPintern

67: tEMP intErn/ExtErn – Select Internal or External Reference Junction External Reference Junction: Specified Temperature

SEt Temp TC/RTD

tEMpunit 66: tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature SEt Temp TC/RTD
t iME 63: tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date, 64: tiME – Set Time SEt/SYStEM All
trig 73: triG – Trigger Conditions for Memory Mode Operation StorE Memory Mode Operation
tstore 74: tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation) StorE Memory Mode Operation
vErSion 63: vErSion /cALdAt – Query Firmware Version and Calibration Date InFo Parameters query

Menus

Parameters

Page: Header

Menu / Submenu Function / Switch Position

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

64 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.4 Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu

6.4.1 SYSTEM Submenu

tiME – Set Time

Entering the correct time makes it possible to acquire measured
values in real-time.

1nFo

 ...  SET system

system t iME

10:24:34 (hh:mm:ss)

 

Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.

dAtE – Enter Date

Entering the current date makes it possible to acquire measured
values in real-time.

1nFo

 ...  SET system

system t iME

 ...  dAte

dAte set 22.02. (DD: day . MM: month)

 

2010 (YYYY: year)  
Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.

Addr – Set Device Address

See section 7.2 on page 76.

irStb – Status of the Infrared Receiver in the Stand-By Mode

See section 7.2 on page 76 regarding settings.

APoFF – Specified Time for Automatic Shutdown and Continuous On

The instrument is switched off automatically if the measured value
remains unchanged for a long period of time and if none of the
keys or the rotary switch have been activated before the specified
“APoFF” time (entered in minutes) has elapsed.

Automatic shutdown is disabled in the following operating modes:
continuous operation, mains analysis, power or energy measure­ment and whenever dangerous contact voltage (U > 30 V AC or U
> 35 V DC) is applied to the input (exception: memory mode).

If the on setting is selected, the multimeter is set to continuous
operation and

ON appears in the display to the right of the battery

symbol. In this case, the multimeter can only be switched off
manually. The “on” setting can only be canceled by changing the
respective parameter, or by switching the instrument off manually.
In this case, the parameter is reset to 10 minutes.

1nFo

 ...  SET system

system t iME  ...  system APoFF

APoFF set: 1 ... 59 min on



(10 minutes = default setting)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 65

Device and Measuring Parameters

bLiGht – Disable Deactivation of Background Illumination

If necessary, automatic deactivation of background illumination
can be disabled with this parameter setting or via the interface.

1nFo

 ...  SET system

system t iME

 ...  system blight

blight set: apoff / on



Note

Each time the instrument is switched on, the bLiGht
parameter is reset to bLiGht = APoFF!

0.diSP – Show/Hide Leading Zeros

This parameter determines whether or not leading zeros will
appear in the measured value display.

1nFo

 ...  SET system

system t iME

 ...  system 0.diSP 0.diSP set:

00000.0 : with leading zeros (default value)

0.0 : leading zeros suppressed



6.4.2 EVEntS Submenu

EVEntS – Event Counter Sampling Rate and Trigger Thresholds

An event is recorded whenever at least one measured value has
fallen short of the L-trig threshold, and subsequently at least one
measured value has exceeded the H-trig threshold. Voltage signals
with a repetition frequency of less than 500 Hz, or less than 2 Hz,
are recorded (events rate of 0.001 or 0.5 seconds).

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  events

events trig/events rate DC



h-trig set : -60000 ... +60000 

l-trig set : -60000 ... +60000 

events rate : 0 ..001 /0..5 s 

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

66 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.4.3 General Parameters

CLiP – Set Transformation Ratio (current clamp factor)

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  CL IP

CL IP set: 1 / 10/100/1000 / 0ff



bEEP – Set Limit Value for Continuity Testing

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  bEEP

bEEP set: 001, 010, 020 ... 500 



in 10 Ohm steps

(10  = default setting)

r_SL – Set Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  r _sl

r _sl set: 00 .1 ... 00.3 ... 60 .9 , 0 L 

(0.3  = default setting)

CAP –

Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement (capacitive linear

electric constant)

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  CAP

CAP set: 010 nF/km . . . 100 nF/km . . . 500 nF/km 

(100 nF/km = default setting)

dbrEF – Set Reference Value for Alternating Voltage Level Measurement

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  dbrEF

dbrEF set: 00 ..001 ... 99 ..999 V 

(0.775 V = default setting)

tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  tEMP un it

un it set: °C / °F



(°C = default setting)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 67

Device and Measuring Parameters

tEMP intErn/ExtErn – Select Internal or External Reference Junction

External Reference Junction: Specified Temperature

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  tEMP intern

tEMP set: tEMP intern / tempextern



extern set: 000 ..0 °C



(internal reference = default setting)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

68 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.4.4 EnErGY Submenu

dEMAnd tiME – Time Interval for Mean Value Generation (parameter for
power measurement in memory mode)

The dEMAnd tiME parameter specifies the length of the time
period during which measured power is averaged for the display of
a mean power value (see section 5.7 on page 47).

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  energy

demand time : 00 ..01 /00 ..02/00 ..05/00 ..10/00 ..15/00 ..20/00 ..30

/

01 ..00 (hh:mm) 

(15 min = default setting)

EnErGY StorE – Scope of Stored Values for Power and Energy
Measurements

The StorE parameter (mode) can be used to specify which values
will be saved to memory during power and energy measurements
when memory mode operation is active. There are three possibili­ties:

• Normal (default setting): Momentary values for current, voltage, ac­tive, reactive and apparent power, as well as power factor, are
acquired and saved to memory at the selected sampling rate
(rAtE parameter, at least 0.5 s).

• Demand: Mean power values for active, reactive and apparent

power are saved to memory at the end of each observation pe­riod as specified with the dEMAnd tiME parameter.

• All: Momentary values are saved at the selected sampling rate and

mean power values are saved at the end of each observation pe­riod.

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 69

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.4.5 MAinS Submenu

MAinS – Mains Disturbance Recording Parameter

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  mains

MAinS.F – Select Line Frequency

Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is required for the
calculation of the TRMS half-cycle value:

mains .f set : 50 /60 Hz



MAinS rAnGE – Select a Measuring Range for Mains Disturbance
Recording

Mains disturbance recording takes place within the specified, fixed
measuring range. Exception: Event type +/–trAnS is always detec­ted within the 200 to 1000 V range.

range set : 6 . 0000/60 . 000/600 .00 V



LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds

You can specify the limits within which AC+DC TRMS voltage must
lie in the following two displays. If these limits are exceeded or fal­len short of, a HiVolt or a LoVolt event is recorded.

These limits are specified in digits independent of range, and
60,000 digits correspond to the full measuring range span.

lovolt limit : 00 000 ... .60 000 Digit



hivolt limit : 00 000 ... .60 000 Digit 

SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and
Undervoltages

A TRMS half-cycle value is calculated for each of the signal’s half­cycles. If this value is less than the selected lower limit (diP Limit) or
greater than the upper limit (SwELL Limit), a dip or swell event is
recorded.

The entry is made in digits, and 60,000 digits correspond to the full
measuring range span.

dip limit : 00 000 ... .60 000 Digit



swell limit : 000 00 ... . 60 000 Digit



MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

70 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

PEAK LiMit – Maximum Peak Value for Measuring Voltage

The momentary value of the applied signal is measured 1200
times per second and compared with the limit selected here (inde­pendent of polarity). If this value exceeds the selected limit, a +/–
PEAK event is recorded for the respective half-cycle, and the peak
voltage value of the half-cycle is then displayed.

The limit is specified in digits: Due to the fact that this value is the
peak voltage value, a value which is greater than the measuring
range span (which corresponds to 60,000 digits) can be selected.

peak limit : 000 000 ... .100 000 Digit



Note

Due to the fact that it’s possible to record one +PEAK and
one –PEAK event for each half-cycle, as many as 200 or 240
events can occur per second if the limit is set too low!

Steep Sloped Voltage Transients

A trigger threshold can be specified here as an absolute value for
steep sloped voltage transients which are superimposed to mains
voltage. This is a polarity-independent entry relative to the momen­tary value. Regardless of the selected measuring range, acquisition
always takes place within a range of 200 to 1000 V.

trans limit : 200 ... . 600 V



FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 71

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.4.6 HArM Submenu

HArM – Harmonic Analysis Parameter

In order to analyze the measuring signal’s harmonics, its funda­mental frequency must be specified wit the HARM.F parameter.

Due to the fact that the MAN key is used for another purpose in
the harmonic analysis function, it cannot be used to switch back
and forth between automatic and manual range selection. For this
reason, the U.ranGE and I.ranGE parameters are used to specify a
measuring range for harmonic analysis:

• U.Range (I.range) = auto:
Automatic range selection is used at the voltage jack (current
jack) for harmonic analysis.

• U.range (I.range)  auto: Manual range selection is enabled at the
voltage jack (current jack) for harmonic analysis, and the se­lected range is used. The range can be changed with the left
and right scroll keys.

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  harm

harm .f set : 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz



v.range set : 600 mV/6 /60 /600 V/auto



1.range set : 600 μA/6 /60 /600 mA/6 /10 A/auto 

Note

Clip factor and type are not taken into consideration for this
range selection, and the actual measuring range is selected
instead.

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

72 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.4.7 StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation

rAtE – Transmission and Storage Rate

The sampling rate specifies the time interval after which the res­pective measured value is transmitted to the interface, or to mea­sured value memory.

The following rates (ms values) can be selected:

0.0005 s, 0.001 s, 0.002 s, 0.005 s, 0.01 s, 0.02 s, 0.05 s
(valid for V DC and A DC only, see section 4.5.1 on page 24)

[mm:ss.z] 00:00.1, 00:00.2, 00:00.5, 00:01.0, 00:02.0, 00:05.0
[h:mm:ss.z] (h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds , z= tenths of a
second)

0:00:10, 0:00:20, 0:00:30, 0:00:40, 0:00:50, 0:01:00, 0:02:00, 0:05:00,
0:10:00, 0:20:00, 0:30:00, 0:40:00, 0:50:00, 1:00:00, 2:00:00, 3:00:00,
4:00:00, 5:00:00, 6:00:00, 7:00:00, 8:00:00, 9:00:00, SAMPLE, dAtA

Setting the Sampling Rate

1nFo



... 

store  ...  rAtE

set: 00:00.1 ... 00:00.5 ... 9:00:00 sample data 

(00:00.5 = 0.5 s = default value)

The last selected value is retained, even after switching the instrument
off.

If the selected sampling rate is too short for the measuring function,
the smallest valid sampling rate is used automatically.

If a sampling rate is selected which is greater than auto power off time
(see APoFF parameter on page 64), the instrument is switched off
automatically after auto power off time has elapsed, and back on
again roughly 10 seconds before the next measuring point.

Storage of Individual Values Using the SAMPLE or dAtA Sampling Rate

If only individually selected values need to be saved, the SAMPLE
value must be selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling value. If
memory mode operation is then started, a single measured value
is saved to permanent memory with time stamp when the DATA/
MIN/MAX key is pressed and held until two rapidly repeating acou­stic signals are generated (not in the case of mains analysis).

If dAtA is selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling rate, and if memory
mode operation is then started, measured values ascertained with
activated DATA function are automatically saved to permanent
memory with time stamp.

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 73

Device and Measuring Parameters

HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation)

The hysteresis setting allows for efficient use of memory space.
During memory mode operation, new measured data are only
saved if they deviate from the previously stored value by an
amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value.

Hysteresis can be selected in steps from 1 to 10,000 digits. These
digits are related to the measuring range as follows: The position of
the set digit in the specified hysteresis value corresponds to the
same position within the measuring range, although counting is
started at the left

Example: A specified hysteresis of 00100 for the 600.00 V measu­ring range means that only those measured values which deviate
from the last measured value by more than 001.00 V are saved to
memory.

Note

Due to the fact that the value is specified in digits (highest
place all the way to the left), and thus depends on the mea­suring range, it’s advisable to use the function with a fixed
measuring range only.

1nFo

 ...  store  ...  hyst

hyst set: 00000 ... 10000  

triG – Trigger Conditions for Memory Mode Operation

The setting StorE > triG SEt = sto-ou / sto-in / off can be used to
specify how measured value recording is started and stopped:

• trig = off: Recording is started with Store > Start and stopped
with Store > Stop.

• trig = sto-ou: Recording is started as soon as a measured value
occurs which is outside of the selected measuring limits, and is
stopped as soon as the measuring limits are once again com­plied with, or the selected recording period has elapsed.

• trig = sto-in: Recording is started as soon as a measured value
occurs which is within a specified band, and is stopped as soon
as this is no longer the case, or after the maximum recording
period has elapsed.

This band is specified with the help of the L_triG lower limit and the
H_triG upper limit. Querying takes place in the event that trig off is
selected. Band widths are specified in digits, and 60,000 digits
corresponds to the upper range limit. It’s thus advisable to perform
measurement with a fixed measuring range. Due to the fact that
rapid momentary value acquisition (see section 4.5.1) has a large
measuring range span, limit values of greater than 60,000 digits
can be selected.

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

74 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

Actual measurement is always executed using the sampling rate
selected in “Store > rAtE”.

1nFo

 ...  store  ...  trig

trig set : sto-ou / sto-in / off 

l_trig set : -300000 ... +300000



h_trig set : -300000 ... +300000



tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation)

This parameter determines whether or not measured values will be
recorded for a limited time only. If recording time will be limited, its
duration can be entered in hours, minutes and seconds. “On”
means unlimited recording time.

1nFo  ...  store  ...  t .store

t .store set : on /99:00:00 (hh:mm:ss)



6.5 Default Settings (factory settings) – Reset

Previously entered changes can be undone, and default settings
can be restored. This may be advisable under the following cir­cumstances:

• After the occurrence of software or hardware errors

• If you are under the impression that the multimeter does not
work correctly

Ð Disconnect the device from the measuring circuit.

Ð Remove the batteries temporarily (see also section 9.2).

Ð Simultaneously press and hold the and

keys, and connect the battery at
the same time.

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

ZERO

ESC

ON / OFF

LIGHT

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 75

Interface Operation

7 Interface Operation

Your instrument is equipped with an infrared interface: Data and
commands are transferred through the instrument housing by
means of infrared light to an interface adapter (accessory) which is
plugged onto the multimeter and connected to a PC via USB.

The multimeter can be controlled by the PC via this interface
without any action required from the user (e.g. operation of the
rotary switch or keys) in order to:

• Configure and read out measuring parameters

• Select a measuring function and a measuring range

• Start measurement

• Read out stored measured values

7.1 Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode

The interface is automatically activated for receiving operation
(multimeter receives data from the PC) as soon as the interface is
addressed by the PC, assuming that the “1rStb” parameter has
been set to “on” (see section 7.2), or the instrument is already swit­ched on (the first command wakes up the multimeter, but does not
yet execute any further commands).

The “continuous transmission” operating mode is selected
manually as described below. When set to this operating mode,
the instrument continuously transmits the following data at the
sampling rate selected under StorE > rAtE:

• Momentary measured value(s)

• Measuring function

• Measuring range(s)

Starting Continuous Transmission Operation with Menu Functions

1nFo

 ...  SEnd StArt send

The symbol blinks at the display in order to indicate interface
operation.

Stopping Continuous Transmission Operation with Menu Functions

1nFo

 ...  SEnd stop

stop send

The symbol is cleared from the display.

Automatic Activation and Deactivation of Transmission Mode Operation

If the sampling rate is 10 minutes or longer, the display is switched
off automatically between samples in order to prolong battery ser­vice life. The only exception is when the multimeter is set to conti­nuous operation.
As soon as an event occurs, the display is automatically switched
back on, and then off again.

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

76 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Interface Operation

7.2 Configuring Interface Parameters

1rStb – Status of the Infrared Receiver in the Stand-by Mode
There are two possible switching statuses for the infrared interface

when the multimeter is switched off:
on: IR appears at the display and the infrared interface is

active, i.e. signals such as making commands can be
received, and power is consumed even though the
multimeter is switched off.

oFF: IR does not appear at the display and the infrared

interface is switched off; signals cannot be received.

1nFo

 ...  SET system 

system time

 ...  system irStb

irstb set : off /on



(on = default value,
oFF = status upon delivery)

Addr – Address

If several multimeters are connected to the PC via an interface
adapter, a separate address can be assigned to each instrument.
Address number 1 should be selected for the first instrument, 2
should be assigned to the second and so forth.

1nFo

 ...  SET system 

system time

 ...  system addr

addr set : 00 ... 01 ... 15



(15 = default setting)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 77

Technical Data

8 Technical Data

Meas.

Function

Measuring Range

Resolution at Upper

Range Limit

Input impedance

Intrinsic Uncertainty under Ref. Cond. for High Resolution (59,999 digits)

Overload Capacity

2

(... % rdg. + ... d) (... % rdg. + ... d) (... % rdg. + ... d)

60,000 6,000 ~ / ~

1

1

Value Time

V

60 mV 1 V 0.02 + 15 with ZERO — —

600 V

DC
AC

TRMS

sine

Max. 10 s

600 mV 10 V  17 M9M // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 with ZERO 0.2 + 30 1 + 30

Cont.

6 V 100 V  17 M9M // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 0.2 + 30 1 + 30

60 V 1 mV  17 M9M // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 0.2 + 30 1 + 30

600 V 10 mV  17 M9M // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 0.2 + 30 1 + 30

Display range where reference voltage

U

REF = 0.775 V

Intrinsic uncertainty

dB 0.6 ... 600 V~ 0.01 dB – 48 dB ... +58 dB 0.1 dB (U > 10% MR)

600 V

DC / AC

TRMS sine

Cont.

Voltage drop at approx. range limit

~

1

1

A

600 mA 10 nA 60 mV 60 mV 0.1 + 20 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

0.7 A Cont.

6 mA 100 nA 160 mV 160 mV 0.05 + 20 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

60 mA 1 A 180 mV 180 mV 0.05 + 20 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

600 mA 10 A 250 mV 250 mV 0.1 + 20 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

6 A 100 A 360 mV 360 mV 0.2 + 30 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

10 A:  5 min.

10

16 A:  30 s

10

10 A 1 A 600 mV 600 mV 0.2 + 30 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

Factor: 1:1/10/100/1000

Input Input impedance

A

0,06/0,6/6/60 A 60 mA 3 

See A

~ current measuring range for specification

Measurement input

0,6/6/60/600 A 600 mA 0,4  0.7 A continuous

10 A: 5 min.

6/60/600/6 000 A 6 A

60 m

Plus current clamp transformer error

A

0,6/6/60/600 A

6/60/600/6000 A

60/600/6000/60 000A

600 mV

6V

60 V

Voltage measurement input

(V jack) Ri = 9 M



See V~

1

voltage measuring range for specification Measurement input

Plus current clamp sensor error

600 V RMS

max. 10 s

Open-circuit voltage

Meas. current at range limit

(... % rdg. + ... d)



600  10 m < 1.4 V Approx. 250 A

0.1 + 5 with ZERO function active

600 V

DC
AC

TRMS

sine

Max. 10 s

6k 100 m < 1.4 V Approx. 60 A0.1 + 5

60 k 1  < 1.4 V Approx. 7 A0.1 + 5

600 k 10  < 1.4 V Approx. 0.8 A0.2 + 5

6M 100  < 1.4 V Approx. 180 nA 0.5 + 5

60 M 1k < 1.4 V Approx. 15 nA 2.0 + 10 (battery operation)

nS 600 nS 0.1 nS < 1.4 V 0.45 A 2 + 10 (as of 3% MR)

RPE 60  001  9 V Approx. 3 mA 1 + 5 with ZERO function active

600  —0.1 Approx. 3.2 V Approx. 1 mA const. 1 + 5 with ZERO function active

6,0 V

3

— 1 mV Approx. 9 V App rox. 1 mA const . 0.5 + 3

78 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Technical Data

1

Specified accuracy valid as of 1% of the measuring range for AC, and 3% for
AC+DC. See frequency influence on page 81.

2

At 0  ... + 40 C

3

Display of up to maximum 6.0 V, “OL” in excess of 5.1 V.

4

Applies to measurements at film capacitors during battery operation

5

Lowest measurable freq. for sinusoidal measuring signals symmetric to zero point

6

Overload capacity of the voltage measurement input: power limiting: frequency x
max. voltage 6 x 10

6

V x Hz for U > 100 V

7

Overload capacity of current measurement input: see current measuring ranges for
maximum current values.

8

Input sensitivity, sinusoidal signal, 10% to 100% MR (mV range: as of 30%)

9

Plus sensor deviation for measurement with external reference temperature,
plus 2 K for internal reference temperature

10

Off-time > 30 min. and TA  40 °C

Key: d = digit(s), MR = measuring range, rdg. = reading (measured value)

Meas.

Function

Measuring Range

Resolution at Upper

Range Limit

Intrinsic Uncertainty under Reference

Conditions for High Resolution (59,999 digits)

Overload Capacity

2

60,000 6,000 Value Time

Discharge res. U

0max

(... % rdg. + ... d)

F

60 nF — 10 pF 1 M 0.7 V 1 + 10

4

with ZERO function active

600 V

DC
AC

TRMS

sine

Max. 10 s

600 nF — 100 pF 100 k 0.7 V 1 + 6

4

6 F— 1nF 12k 0.7 V 1 + 6

4

60 F — 10 nF 12 k 0.7 V 1 + 6

4

600 F — 100 nF 3 k 0.7 V 5 + 6

4

f

min

5

(... % rdg. + ... d)

Hz (V)
Hz (A)

Hz (A )

600.00 Hz 0.01 Hz
Input impedance,

V jack: Ri = 9 M



1Hz

0.05 + 5

8

As of 15 % MR

for U  0.18 V

Hz (V)

6:

Hz(A )

6:

600 V

Hz (A):

7

Max. 10 s

6.0000 kHz 0.1 Hz

60.000 kHz 1 Hz

Hz (V) 300.00 kHz 10 Hz 10 Hz

MHz 600 Hz ... 1 MHz

0.01 ...
100 Hz

1 ... 100 Hz 0.05 + 5 > 2 V ... 5 V

600 V Max. 10 s

%

2.0 ... 98 % — 0.01 % 15 Hz ... 1 kHz 1 Hz 0.1 MR + 10 d > 2 V ... 5 V

5.0 ... 95 % — 0.01 % 1 ... 10 kHz 1 Hz

0.1 MR per kHz
+10 d

> 2 V ... 5 V

10 ... 90 % — 0.01 % 10 ... 50 kHz 1 Hz

0.1 MR per kHz
+10 d

> 2 V ... 5 V

(... % rdg. + ... d)

°C/°F

Pt100

– 200.0 ...
+850.0 C

0.1 C

0.3 + 10

9

600 V
DC/AC

RMS

sine

Max. 10 s

Pt1000

– 150.0 ...
+850.0 C

0.3 + 10

9

K

(NiCr-Ni)

– 250.0 ...

– 150 C

1.0% + 2.0 K

9

– 150 C ...

+1372.0 C

1.0% + 0.5 K

9

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 79

Technical Data

Crest Factor CF

Measuring range: 1.0

 CF  11.0, resolution: 0.1

Typical (not specified) maximum deviation:

Above figure: Influence of Crest Factor on Display Range

Additional error caused by the signal’s crest factor:

 1,5 < CF 3 1% rdg.
 3 < CF 5 3% rdg.

Power Measurement (measuring ranges for a current clamp factor of 1)
– Single-Phase Measurement for Direct and Alternating Current

1

Ranges achieved with current clamp only

2

Off-time > 30 min. and TA  40 °C

Frequency CF  3.0 3.0 < CF  5.0 5.0 < CF  10.0

10 to 70 Hz  02 0.2 0.5

70 to 440 Hz 02 0.5 Not valid

440 Hz to 1 kHz 05 Not valid Not valid

> 1 kHz Not valid Not valid Not valid

Maximum Permissible Crest Factor

Displayed Value [counts]

Curve 1: range from 0.6 to 60 V, 0.6 mA to 10 A

1

Curve 2: 600 V range
Curve 3: power measurement

3

2

Permissible Crest Factor for Voltage and Current

Measuring

Function

Measuring

Range

Resolution at

Upper Range

Limit

Overload Capacity

at 0 ... + 40 C

36,000 counts Value Time

W, VAr, VA

360 W10nW

V: 600 V

A: 10 A

DC
AC

TRMS

sine

V

continuous

10 A: 5 min.

2

16 A: 30 sec.

2

3.6 mW 100 nW

36 mW 1 W

360 mW 10 W

3.6 W 100 W

36 W 1 mW

360 W 10 mW

600 W 100 mW

3.6 kW 100 mW

6kW 1 W

36 kW

1

1W

360 kW

1

10 W

3600 kW

1

100 W

80 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Technical Data

Intrinsic Uncertainty and Frequency Influence for Power and Energy
Measurement

1

Not applicable in mV range

Display range

– Current and voltage: 6000 digits
– Apparent, reactive and active power: 36,000 digits
– Power factor: 100 digits

Intrinsic error: stable sinusoidal voltage, stable sinusoidal current, mean
voltage value: max. 10% amplitude. U > 9% of the upper range limit is
usually the case during normal operation due to auto-ranging, except in
the smallest range.
Bandwidth up to 1 kHz; signal components of higher frequency are clip-

ped by input filters.

Note:

Power is measured with a separate measurement circuit: As a result,
specified accuracies for voltage and current measurement do not
correspond with the specified values for the respective measuring
functions. Principally, DC voltage linearity is only assured with voltages
of 0.15 V or  10% of the upper range limit.

Additional deviation for U, I during power measurement
with higher crest factor, f = 0 … 65 Hz:

CF = 2: -0.3% rdg., CF = 3: -0.9% rdg.,
CF = 4: -1.5% rdg., CF = 5: -2.5% rdg.

Square-cycle signal 10 to 65 Hz to U or I:
additional intrinsic uncertainty of +0% / -0.7% rdg.

Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording

* Absolute value of the transients is limited to approximately 1000 V by

input protection.

Internal clock

Time format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss
Resolution 0.1 s
Accuracy 1 min./month
Temp. influence 50 ppm/K

Reference Conditions

Ambient temperature +23 C 2K
Relative humidity 40 ... 75%

(no condensation allowed)
Meas. quantity frequency 45 ... 65 Hz
Meas. quantity waveform Sine
Battery voltage 1.8 V ... 3.2 V

Measured

Quantity

Measuring

Range

Intrinsic Uncertainty ±(... % rdg + ... d)

DC 10 Hz ... 65 Hz 65 Hz ... 1 kHz

Voltage,
auxiliary display

U  0.1 x Umax
and U  0.15 V

0.5 + 10 0.3 + 10 0.4 + 10

1

Current,
auxiliary display

I  0.01 x Imax 0.2 + 5 0.1 + 5 0.9 + 10

Power factor 1 d 1 d + 1 d

1

Apparent power 1.0 + 20 0.4 + 20 1.3 + 20

1

Active power

|PF|  0.4
|PF| <0.4

1.0 + 20
—

0.4 + 20

1.0 + 20

1.5 + 20

1

3.0 + 20

1

Reactive power |PF|  0.8 — 1.0 + 20 3.0 + 20

1

Typ e of

Disturbance

Measuring Range Resolution

(display)

Intrinsic Uncertainty under
Reference Conditions with

Fixed Frequency of 50/60 Hz

Pulse Time

Over/
undervoltage

6 ... 600 V 60,000

digits

Dip/swell 6 ... 600 V 6000 digits ±(1% rdg. + 1% MR)  1 half-cycle
Peak 6 ... 600 V 6000 digits ±(1% rdg. + 2% MR)  1 ms
Transient 200 ... 1000 V * 10 V  50 V 0.5 ... 5 s

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 81

Technical Data

Influencing Quantities and Influence Error

1

The 60 mV DC range and thermocouple measurement are sensitive to temperature
fluctuation: For this reason, specified values are not valid until 30 minutes after
ambient temperature has stabilized.

2

Power limiting: frequency x voltage max. 6 x 106 V x Hz for U > 100 V

3

The accuracy specification for frequency response is valid as of a display value of
10% of the measuring range for both measuring modes with the TRMS converter
in the A AC and A (AC+DC) ranges.

4

Frequency response up to 100 kHz, > 60 kHz plus 5%

Influencing

Quantity

Sphere of
Influence

Measured Quantity/

Measuring Range

Influence Error per 10 K

(...% rdg. + ... d)

Temperature

0 C ... +21 C

and

+25 C... +40 C

60 mV

1

0.2 + 5

600 mV ... 600 V 0.1 + 5

600 mV 0.3 + 20

V , 6 ... 600 V 0.2 + 10
600  ... 60 M, nS 0.2 + 5

A , , 0.2 + 10
60 nF ... 6 F, km 1 + 5
60, 600 F3 + 5

Hz, dB 0.2 +10

Diode measurements 0.3 + 5

RPE measurement 1 + 10

Pt100 / Pt1000 0.5 + 10

Type K thermocouple

1

0.2 + 10

Power measurement: V 0.3 + 10

Power measurement: A 0.2 + 5

W, VA, Wh, VAh 0.5 + 10

Influen-

cing

Quantity

Measured Qty. /

Measuring Range

Sphere of Influence

Intrinsic Uncertainty

3

 ... % rdg. + ... d)

Fre­quency

V

AC

600.00 mV

> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz 3 + 30

>65Hz... 1kHz 2 + 30

> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz 3 + 30

> 20 kHz ... 100 kHz

4

3.5 + 30

4

6.0000 V
...

60.00 V

> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz 2 + 30

>65Hz... 1kHz 1 + 30

> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz 3 + 30

> 20 kHz ... 100 kHz

4

3.5 + 30

4

600.00 V 2

> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz 2 + 30

>65Hz... 1kHz 1 + 30

> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz 3 + 30

A

AC

600.00 mA
...

10.0000 A

> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz

3 + 25

> 65 Hz ... 10 kHz

Influencing

Quantity

Sphere of
Influence

Measured Quantity Influence Error

Relative
humidity

75%

3 days

instrument off

V A, , F, Hz, dB, C 1 x intrinsic uncertainty

Battery voltage 1.8 ... 3.2 V V A, , F, Hz, dB, C

Included in

intrinsic uncertainty

82 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Technical Data

Response Time (after manual range selection)

Data Interface

Type

Optical via infrared light through the housing
Data transmission Serial, bidirectional (not IrDa compatible)
Protocol Device specific
Baud rate 38,400 baud
Functions – Select/query measuring functions

and parameters

–

Query momentary measurement data

– Read out stored measurement data
The USB X-TRA plug-in interface adapter (see accessories) is

used for adaptation to the PC’s USB port.

Internal Measured Value Storage

Memory capacity 16 MBit for approx. 300,000 measured

values with indication of date and time

Influencing

Quantity

Sphere of Influence

Measured Quantity/

Measuring Range

Damping

Common mode
interference
voltage

Interference quantity max. 600 V V > 120 dB

Interference quantity max. 600 V

50 Hz ... 60 Hz, sine

6 V , 60 V > 80 dB

600 V > 70 dB

Series-mode
interference
voltage

Interference quantity V ,

respective nominal value of the

measuring range,

max. 600 V , 50 Hz ... 60 Hz, sine

V> 50dB

Interference quantity max. 600 V V > 100 dB

Measured Quantity/

Measuring Range

Digital Display

Response Time

Measured Quantity

Jump Function

V, V, dB

AV , A

1.5 s

From 0 to 80%

of upper range limit value

600  ... 6 M 3s

From  to 50%

of upper range limit value

nS, RPE 3 s

60 M 8s

Continuity (acoustic signal) < 50 ms

C (Pt100) Max. 3 s

1.5 s

60 nF ... 600 FMax. 2s

From 0 to 50%

of upper range limit value

> 10 Hz 1.5 s

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 83

Technical Data

Power Supply

Battery 2 each 1.5 V AA batteries,

alkaline manganese per IEC LR6
(2 each 1.2 V NiMH rechargeable batteries

also possible)
Service life With alkaline manganese: approx. 120 hrs.
Battery Indicator Battery capacity display with battery

symbol in 4 segments: .

Querying of momentary battery voltage via

menu function.
Power OFF function The multimeter is switched off

automatically

:

– When battery voltage drops below

approx. 1.8 V

– If none of the keys or the rotary switch

are activated for an adjustable duration
of 10 to 59 min. and the multimeter is
not in the continuous operation mode
(assuming the instrument is not set to
power measurement or mains analysis)

Power pack socket

If the NA X-TRA power pack has been

plugged into the instrument, the batteries

are disconnected automatically.

Rechargeable batteries can only be

recharged externally. Power pack voltage:

5.1 V 0.2 V

Display

Transreflective LCD
panel (65 x 36 mm)
with display of up
to 3 measured
values, unit of
measure, type of
current and various
special functions.

Background illumination

LED fiber-optic background illumination is switched off approxi­mately 1 minute after it has been activated. If necessary, automa­tic deactivation of background illumination can be disabled with
the appropriate parameter setting or via the interface.

Display / char. height 7-segment characters

Main display: 13 mm

Auxiliary displays: 7.5 mm
Number of places 60,000 counts/steps
Overflow display “OL” is displayed as of 61,000 + 1 digits
Polarity display “–” sign is displayed if plus pole is

connected to “”
Sampling rate 10 or 40 measurements per second

with
the Min-Max function except for the
capacitance, frequency, duty cycle and power
measuring functions, 2000 measurements per
second for fast DC measurement

Refresh rate
V (DC, AC+DC), A, , ,

EVENTS AC/DC, count

2 per second

Hz, C (Pt100, Pt1000)

1 to 2 per second

C (J, K) 0.5 per second

84 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Technical Data

Acoustic Signals

For voltage Intermittent signal at above 600 V
For current Intermittent signal at above 10 A

Continuous signal at above 16 A

Fuse

Fuse link FF (UR) 10 A/1000 V AC/DC;

10 mm x 38 mm; breaking capacity of
30 kA at 1000 V AC/DC;
protects the current measurement input in
the 600 A to 10 A ranges

Electrical Safety

Per IEC 61010-1:2001/VDE 0411-1:2002
Protection class

II
Measuring category CAT III CAT IV
Operating voltage 600 V 300 V
Pollution degree

2
Test v o l t ag e

5.2 kV~

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Interference emission EN 61 326-1: 2006 class B
Interference immunity EN 61 326-1: 2006

EN 61326-2-1: 2006

Ambient Conditions

Accuracy range 0C to +40C
Op. temp. range

T

A

10C to +50C *

Storage temp. range 25C to +70C (without batteries)
Relative humidity 40 to 75%, no condensation allowed
Elevation To 2000 m
Deployment

Indoors, except within specified ambient
conditions

* Exception: measurement of current > 10 to 16 A, operation at up to 40 C

Mechanical Design

Housing Impact resistant plastic (ABS)
Dimensions 200 x 87 x 45 mm

(without rubber holster)
Weight Approx. 0.4 kg with batteries
Protection Housing: IP 52

(pressure equalization via housing)

Table Excerpt Regarding Significance of

IP-Codes

IP XY

(1

st

digit X)

Protection Against Foreign

Object Entry

IP XY

(2nd digit Y)

Protection Against

Penetration by Water

5 Dust protected 2 Dripping (at angle of 15°)

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 85

Maintenance – Calibration

9 Maintenance and Calibration

Attention!

!

Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before
opening the battery compartment lid or fuse cover in order
to replace batteries or fuses!

9.1 Displays – Error Messages

9.2 Batteries

Note

Removing the Batteries During Periods of Non-Use

The integrated quartz movement draws power from the bat­teries even when the instrument is switched off. It’s advis­able to remove the batteries during long periods of non-use
for this reason (e.g. vacation). This prevents excessive
depletion of the batteries, which may result in damage under
unfavorable conditions.

Note

Battery Replacement

Stored measurement data are not lost when the batteries
are replaced. The selected operating parameters remain in
memory, although date and time must be reentered.

Charge Level

The current battery charge level can be queried in the “1nfo” menu:

1nFo bAtt: 2.75 V.

Make sure that no battery leakage has occurred before initial start­up, as well as after long periods of storage. Continue to inspect the
batteries for leakage at short, regular intervals.

If battery leakage has occurred, carefully and completely clean the
electrolyte from the instrument with a damp cloth, and replace the
battery before using the instrument.

If the “ ” symbol appears at the display, the batteries should be
replaced as soon as possible. You can continue working with the
instrument, but reduced measuring accuracy may result.

The instrument requires two 1.5 V batteries in accordance with
IEC R 6 or IEC LR 6, or two equivalent rechargeable NiMH batte­ries.

Message Function Meaning

FUSE

Current measurement Blown fuse

In all operating modes Battery voltage has fallen below 1.8 V

0 L

Measuring Indicates overflow (overload)

u r

Measuring Indicates that the measuring range has been

fallen short of (under range)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

86 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Maintenance – Calibration

Replacing the Batteries

Attention!

!

Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before
opening the battery compartment lid in order to replace the
batteries.

Ð Set the instrument face down onto the working surface.

Ð Turn the slotted screw on the lid with the battery symbols

counterclockwise.

Ð Lift off the lid and remove the batteries from the battery com-

partment.

Ð Insert two new 1.5 V mignon batteries into the battery com-

partment, making sure that the plus and minus poles match up
with the provided polarity symbols.

Ð When replacing the battery compartment lid, insert the side

with the guide hooks first.
Tighten the screw by turning it clockwise.

Ð Please dispose of depleted batteries in accordance with envi-

ronmental protection regulations!

9.3 Fuse

Testing the Fuse

The fuse is tested automatically:

• When the instrument is switched on with the rotary switch in the
A position

• When the instrument is already on and the rotary switch is
turned to the A position

• In the active current measuring range when voltage is applied

If the fuse is blown or has not been inserted, “FuSE” appears at the
digital display. The fuse interrupts the current measuring ranges. All
other measuring ranges remain functional.

Replacing the Fuse

If a fuse should blow, eliminate the cause of overload before
placing the instrument back into service!

Attention!

!

Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before
opening the fuse cover in order to replace the fuse!

Ð Set the instrument face down onto the working surface.

Ð Turn the slotted screw on the cover with the fuse symbol coun-

terclockwise.

Ð Lift off the cover and pry the fuse out using the flat side of the

fuse cover.

Ð Insert a new fuse. Make sure that the fuse is centered, i.e.

between the tabs at the sides.

Ð When replacing the fuse cover, insert the side with the guide

hooks first.
Tighten the screw by turning it clockwise.

Ð Dispose of the blown fuse with the trash.

Blown Fuse

fuse

A

DC

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 87

Maintenance – Calibration

Attention!

!

Use specified fuses only!
If fuses with other blowing characteristics, other current rat­ings or other breaking capacities are used, the operator is
placed in danger, and protective diodes, resistors and other
components may be damaged.
The use of repaired fuses or short-circuiting the fuse holder
is prohibited.

9.4 Housing Maintenance

No special maintenance is required for the housing. Keep outside
surfaces clean. Use a slightly dampened cloth for cleaning. Avoid
the use of cleansers, abrasives or solvents.

9.5 Return and Environmentally Sound Disposal

The instrument is a category 9 product (monitoring and control
instrument) in accordance with ElektroG (German electrical and
electronic device law). This device is not subject to the RoHS
directive.

We identify our electrical and electronic devices (as of
August 2005) in accordance with WEEE 2002/96/EC
and ElektroG using the symbol shown at the right per
DIN EN 50419.

These devices may not be disposed of with the trash.
Please contact our service department regarding the return of old

devices (see address on page 4).

If you use batteries or rechargeable batteries in your instrument or
accessories which no longer function properly, they must be duly
disposed of in compliance with the applicable national regulati­ons.
Batteries or rechargeable batteries may contain harmful substan­ces or heavy metal such as lead (PB), cadmium (CD) or mercury
(Hg).

They symbol shown to the right indicates that batteries or
rechargeable batteries may not be disposed of with the
trash, but must be delivered to collection points specially
provided for this purpose.

9.6 Recalibration

The respective measuring task and the stress to which your mea­suring instrument is subjected affect the ageing of the compo­nents and may result in deviations from the guaranteed accuracy.

If high measuring accuracy is required and the instrument is fre­quently used in field applications, combined with transport stress
and great temperature fluctuations, we recommend a relatively
short calibration interval of 1 year. If your measuring instrument is
mainly used in the laboratory and indoors without being exposed
to any major climatic or mechanical stress, a calibration interval of
2-3 years is usually sufficient.

During recalibration* in an accredited calibration laboratory
(DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025) the deviations of your instrument in rela­tion to traceable standards are measured and documented. The
deviations determined in the process are used for correction of
the readings during subsequent application.

Pb Cd Hg

88 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Maintenance – Calibration

We are pleased to perform DKD or factory calibrations for you in
our calibration laboratory. Please visit our website at
www.gossenmetrawatt.com ( Services  DKD Calibration
Center or  FAQs  Calibration questions and answers).

By having your measuring instrument calibrated regularly, you ful­fill the requirements of a quality management system per
DINENISO9001.

* Verification of specifications or adjustment services are not part of the

calibration. For products from our factory, however, any necessary ad­justment is frequently performed and the observance of the relevant
specification is confirmed.

9.7 Manufacturer’s Guarantee

All METRA HIT measuring and calibration instruments are guaran­teed for a period of 3 years after date of shipment. The manufactu­rer’s guarantee covers materials and workmanship. Damages
resulting from use for any other than the intended purpose, as well
as any and all consequential damages, are excluded.

Calibration is guaranteed for a period of 12 months.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 89

Accessories

10 Accessories

10.1 General

The extensive accessories available for our measuring instruments
are checked for compliance with currently valid safety regulations
at regular intervals, and are expanded as required for new applica­tions. Currently up-to-date accessories which are suitable for your
measuring instrument are listed at the following web address along
with photo, order number, description and, depending upon the
scope of the respective accessory, data sheet and operating inst­ructions: www.gossenmetrawatt.de ( Measuring Technology –
Portable  Digital Multimeters  METRA HIT ...  Multimeter
Accessories).

10.2 Technical Data for Measurement Cables
(KS17-2 safety cable set included with instrument)

Electrical Safety

Max. rated voltage
Measuring category 1000 V CAT II I, 600 V CAT IV
Max. rated current: 16 A

Ambient Conditions (EN 61010-031)

Temp era tu re –20 C ... + 50 C
Relative Humidity Max. 80%
Pollution Degree

2

Application

In conformity with standard DIN EN 61010-031, measurements in
an environment according to measuring category III and IV may
only be performed with the safety caps applied to the test probes of
the measurement cables.

For establishing contact in 4 mm jacks you have to remove the
safety cap by levering out the snap lock of the safety cap with ano­ther sharp object (e. g. the second test probe).

10.3 NA X-TRA Power Pack (Z218G: not included)

Use power packs from GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH only in combi­nation with your instrument. This assures operator safety by
means of an extremely well insulated cable, and safe electrical iso­lation (nominal secondary ratings: 5 V / 600 mA). Installed batteries
are disconnected electronically if the power pack is used, and
need not be removed from the instrument.

Note

Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations
during capacitance measurement and in the 60 M range!

90 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Accessories

10.4 PMA 16 Power Measuring Adapter (Z228A: not included)

The PMA 16 power measuring adapter is an intermediate plug for
safe, trouble-free measurement of power consumption of single­phase consumers connected by means of a plug. The power con­sumer’s protective conductor remains functional during measure­ment.

10.5 Interface Accessories (not included)

USB X-TRA Bidirectional Interface Adapter (Z216C)

E series METRAHIT multimeters which are equipped with a serial
IrDa interface can be connected to a USB port at a PC with the
adapter. The adapter allows for data transmission between the
multimeter and the PC.

METRAwin10 PC Analysis Software
METRAwin10 PC software is a multilingual, measurement data log-

ging program for recording, visualizing, evaluating and documen­ting measured values from METRAHIT multimeters.

The following conditions must be fulfilled in order to allow for use of

METRAwin10:

Hardware, Software and Driver

• IBM compatible Windows PC, 200 MHz Pentium processor or
faster with at least 64 MB RAM

• SVGA monitor with at least 1024 x 768 pixels

• Hard disk with at least 40 MB available memory capacity

•CD ROM drive

• Microsoft compatible mouse

• Windows supported printer

• One USB port for use of the USB X-TRA
– with installed driver USB2COM (virtual COM interface) for

Windows 2000, XP and VISTA
or
– with Driver Control for Windows XP, VISTA and 7.

COM

V
Tem p



mA A

N
PE

L

Load

PMA16

RedBlue

VA

Black

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 91

Accessories

92 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Glossary

11 Glossary – Abbreviations of Measuring Functions and Measuring Parameters with their Meanings

Descriptions of the following measuring functions and their use
are included in section 5. Descriptions of the following measuring
parameters and their settings are included in section 6.

Descriptions of device parameters and their settings (which are
not listed here) are included in section 6.

Abbreviation
(Sub) Menu

Parameter

Meaning General Description

Description Specifically for this Instrument

Application
Chapter / Page

Switch
Position /
Menu

CAP Scaling factor A scaling factor (capacitive linear electric constant) must be entered in order to be able to

measure cable length in meters or kilometers.

Cable length
measurement
section 5.6

m
SEt menu

CF Crest factor Relationship of peak value to TRMS value.

Measuring range: 1.0  CF  11.0

Voltage measurement
page 25
Current measurement
page 52

V, A

CLiP Current clamp factor When a current clamp sensor or transformer is connected to the system multimeter (V or

mA/A input) all current displays appear with the correct value in accordance with the selected
transformation ratio.

Current clamp
measurement
section 5.8.2
and section 5.8.3

V, A
SEt menu

dB Voltage level Voltage level measurement is used in order to

ascertain overall attenuation or boosting of a
transmission system.
Where U

1

= U

REF

= dbrEF (reference level).
Display value > 0 dB: boosting; display value < 0 dB: attenuation
Parameter: dbrEF

Alternating voltage le­vel measurement
page 32

dB
SEt menu

dbrEF Reference level Reference value for alternating voltage level measurement (see dB).

dEMAnd tiME Time interval for mean

value generation

This parameter specifies the observation time period for mean value generation during power
measurement (see page 50). Acquisition is synchronous to clock time, for which reason the first
mean value usually does not span the entire specified duration.

Memory mode opera­tion for power and
energy measurement
section 4.5.2

W
SEt menu >
EnErGY

diP Voltage drop If the TRMS half-wave value falls short of the specified diP LiMit value, a voltage drop (dip) is

detected. Parameter: diP LiMit

Power disturbance
analysis
section 5.1.3

PQ
SEt menu >
MainS

diP LiMit Voltage drop limit value See diP

Unit of measure in digits, 60,000 = full measuring range

Voltagelevel dB 20

U

2

U

1

-----log=

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 93

Glossary

EVEntS Submenu for events

recording parameters

An event is recorded whenever at least one measured value has fallen short of the L-trig threshold
for at least one second, and subsequently at least one measured value has exceeded the H-trig
threshold for at least one second.
Parameters: L-TriG, H-TriG and rAtE DC

Events recording
page 28

V
SEt menu >
EVEntS >
triG

HArM Submenu for

harmonics parameters

Parameters menu for harmonic analysis:
Included parameters: HArM.F (fundamental frequency), U.rAnGE (voltage measuring range) and
I.rAnGE (current measuring range).

Harmonic analysis
section 5.1.5 SEt menu >

HArM

HArM.F Fundamental frequency See HArM

Line frequency of the fundamental frequency (here: 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz)

HiVolt LiMit Upper trigger threshold The threshold value for overvoltage (HiVolt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage value can be

entered here in digits. The full measuring range corresponds to 60,000 digits.

Power disturbance
analysis
section 5.1.3

PQ
SEt menu >
MainS

H_triG Upper trigger threshold See EVEntS Events recording

page 28

V
SEt menu >
EVEntS >
triG

H_triG Upper trigger threshold See StorE Selective memory

mode operation
section 4.5

All
StorE menu
> triG

HYSt Hysteresis The hysteresis setting allows for efficient use of memory space. During memory mode operation,

new measured data are only saved to a new memory block if they deviate from the previously
stored value by an amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value.

Memory mode
operation
section 4.5

All
SEt menu >
StorE

I.rAnGE Current range of the

harmonics

See HArM
Current range of the harmonics (here: auto, 600 μA, 6, 60, 600 mA, 6 A, 10 A)
Note: Clamp factor is not taken into consideration!

Harmonic analysis
section 5.1.5

A
SEt menu >
HArM

LoVolt LiMit Lower trigger threshold The threshold value for undervoltage (LoVolt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage value can

be entered here in digits. The full measuring range corresponds to 60,000 digits.

Power disturbance
analysis
section 5.1.3

PQ
SEt menu >
MainS

L_triG Lower trigger threshold See EVEntS Events recording

page 28

V
SEt menu >
EVEntS >
triG

Abbreviation
(Sub) Menu

Parameter

Meaning General Description

Description Specifically for this Instrument

Application
Chapter / Page

Switch
Position /
Menu

94 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Glossary

L_triG Lower trigger threshold See StorE Selective memory

mode operation
section 4.5

All
StorE menu
> triG

MAinS Submenu for power

disturbance analysis
parameters

Parameters:
MAinS.F, MAinS rAnGE, LoVolt LiMit, HiVolt LiMit, diP LiMit, SWELL LiMit, PEAK LiMit, trAnS LiMit

Power disturbance
analysis
section 5.1.3

PQ
SEt menu >
MainS

MAinS rAnGE Line voltage

measuring range

Here: The 6 V, 60 V or 600 V range (default) can be selected as the voltage measuring range.

MAinS.F Line voltage frequency Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is required for the calculation of the TRMS

half-wave value: 50 or 60 Hz. It determines whether a TRMS value is generated every 8.33 ms,
or every 10 ms.

nS Siemens Unit of measure for electrical conductivity in the SI units system.

Reciprocal value of electrical resistance: S = 1/Ohm = A/V, nS = nanoSiemens

Conductivity
measurement
section 5.2

Ohm

Peak Peak value If the momentary voltage value exceeds the value specified here (regardless of polarity), an

exceeded limit value is recorded (PEAK LiMit).

Power disturbance
analysis
section 5.1.3

PQ
SEt menu >
MainS

PEAK LiMit Peak limit value See PEAK

PF Power factor Value: Relationship of active power value P to apparent power S

Sign: 1: no phase shifting; –(0 ... 0.99): capacitive; +(0 ... 0.99): inductive

Power measurement
section 5.7

W

r_SL Low-resistance

measurement

The resistance of a protective conductor connection limits, for example, the length of an extension
cable or a cable reel, or may not exceed a specified limit value. The same applies to resistance
between housing and mains plug or device plug. The limit value can be set within a range of 1 to
60 ohms.

Resistance
measurement
section 5.2

Ohm

rAtE Sampling rate The sampling rate specifies the time interval after which the respective measured value is

transmitted to the interface, or to measured value memory.

Memory mode
operation
section 4.5
Interface operation
section 6.4.7

All
StorE menu

Abbreviation
(Sub) Menu

Parameter

Meaning General Description

Description Specifically for this Instrument

Application
Chapter / Page

Switch
Position /
Menu

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 95

Glossary

StorE Main memory for

memory mode
operation

Parameters: HYSt, rAtE, Sto-ou, Sto-in, L_triG, H_triG, t.StorE

Power and energy measurement in memory mode: section 4.5.2
Scope of stored values for power and energy measurements: section 6.4.4
Mains disturbance recording in memory mode: section 5.1.4

Memory mode
operation
section 4.5

All
StorE menu

SWELL Overvoltage If the TRMS half-wave value exceeds the specified limit, a brief overvoltage (swell) is detected.

Parameter: SWELL LiMit

Power disturbance
analysis
section 5.1.3

PQ
SEt menu >
MainS

SWELL LiMit Overvoltage limit value See SWELL

t

E/tP

Duty cycle The ratio of pulse duration to pulse period is measured with periodic square-wave signals and is

displayed as a percentage.

Duty cycle
measurement
section 5.1.6

%

THD Total harmonic

distortion

As a standard feature during harmonic analysis, THD is displayed in accordance with the
equation: “THD = total TRMS value of harmonics ÷ TRMS value of the fundamental frequency”.
As opposed to this, harmonic distortion of the individual harmonics appears in the displays for the
individual harmonics.
“Distortion component = TRMS value of the harmonic ÷ TRMS value of the fundamental
frequency.

Harmonic analysis (vol­tage)
section 5.1.5
Harmonic analysis
(current)
section 5.8.2 and
section 5.8.3

, A

trAnS Transients Steep sloped voltage peaks; parameter: trAnS LiMit Power disturbance

analysis
section 5.1.3

PQ
SEt menu >
MainS

trAnS LiMit Transients limit value A level can be set here as of which a voltage transient is recorded. This is a polarity independent

entry relative to the momentary value. The smallest value is 200 V. Regardless of the selected
measuring range, acquisition always takes place within a range of 200 … 1000 V.

t.StorE Recording time Limiting of recording duration (hh:min:ss) to a maximum of 99 hours, 59 minutes and 59

seconds, or unlimited recording time: parameter = on.

Memory mode
operation
section 4.5

All
StorE menu

U.rAnGE Voltage range of the

harmonics

See HArM
Voltage range of the harmonics (here: auto, 600 mV, 6 V, 60 V, 600 V)
Note: Clamp factor is not taken into consideration!

Harmonic analysis
section 5.1.5 SEt menu >

HArM

Abbreviation
(Sub) Menu

Parameter

Meaning General Description

Description Specifically for this Instrument

Application
Chapter / Page

Switch
Position /
Menu

Duty cycle (%) =

Pulse duration (t

E

)

Pulse period (t

P

)

 100

96 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Index

12 Index

0.diSP ................................................................... 65

A

Active Power ........................................................ 47

Addr ...................................................................... 76

APoFF ................................................................... 64

Apparent Power ................................................... 47

Automatic Shutdown

Disabling ..................................................... 15

Specifying a Time ....................................... 15

AUTO-Range Function ......................................... 16

B

Batteries

Charge Level Display .................................. 11

Charge Level Query .............................. 63, 85

Periods of Non-Use .................................... 85

Replacement ............................................... 86

bEEP ..................................................................... 66

C

Cable Length ........................................................ 45

Cable Length Measurement ................................ 46

Cable Resistance ................................................. 44

CAP ....................................................................... 66

Capacitance Measurement ................................. 45

Clear

Memory ....................................................... 23

CLiP ...................................................................... 66

Conductivity .......................................................... 39

Continuity Test ..................................................... 41

Crest Factor Display

Current

........................................................ 53

Voltage .........................................................27

Current Clamp Sensor .................................... 56, 57

Current Measurement

Notes

...........................................................52

Scope of Functions .....................................52

D

dAtE ................................................................. 63, 64

dbrEF ..................................................................... 66

Default Settings .................................................... 74

dEMAnd tiME ........................................................ 68

Device Returns .....................................................87

Diode Test ............................................................. 42

Display Illumination .............................................. 14

Duty Cycle Measurement ..................................... 38

E

Error Messages ....................................................85

EVEntS ............................................................28, 65

F

Firmware Version ................................................. 63

Fuse

Replacement ............................................... 86

G

Glossary ................................................................ 92

H

HArM .....................................................................71

Harmonic Analysis ................................................ 54

HYSt ......................................................................73

I

Interfaces

Accessories

.................................................90

States ...........................................................11

irStb .......................................................................76

L

Level Measurement (dB) ......................................32

Low-Pass Filter .....................................................30

Low-Resistance Measurement ............................39

M

MAinS ....................................................................69

Mains Disturbance Recording ..............................33

Mains Monitoring ..................................................33

Maintenance

Housing ........................................................87

Manufacturer’s Guarantee ...................................88

Measured Value Storage

DATA Function .............................................20

Min-Max Values ..........................................21

Measurement Cables ...........................................89

Measuring Category

Significance

...................................................7

Measuring Range Selection

Automatic .....................................................16

Manual .........................................................16

Memory

Ending Recording ........................................23

Querying Occupancy ...................................23

Start Recording ............................................22

Minimum Breaking Capacity ................................52

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 97

Index

O

OCCUP .................................................................. 63

Overview

Keys and Connections ................................ 10

Parameters .................................................. 62

Overvoltage .......................................................... 34

P

Peak Value Monitoring ......................................... 17

Potentially Explosive Atmospheres ........................ 7

Power Factor ........................................................ 47

Power Pack

Accessories ................................................. 89

Connector Socket Location ........................ 13

Initial Start-Up ............................................. 14

Product Support ..................................................... 3

Product Support Hotline ......................................... 3

Q

Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function) .. 18

R

r_SL ...................................................................... 66

Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I

DC ......................................................................... 24

rAtE ....................................................................... 72

Reactive Power ..................................................... 47

Recalibration ......................................................... 87

Recalibration Service ............................................. 4

Relative Measurements .......................................18

Remote ................................................................. 43

Repair and Replacement Parts Service ................. 4

Reset ..................................................................... 74

Resistance ............................................................ 39

S

Safety Precautions ..................................................7

Sampling Rate (rAtE parameter) .......................... 72

Scaling Factor .......................................................46

Scope of Delivery .................................................... 2

Setting the Reference Value ................................19

Shutdown

Automatic (APoFF parameter) ....................64

Automatic (function) .................................... 15

Software Enabling ...................................................3

Storage Rate (rAtE parameter) ............................. 72

StorE ......................................................................68

Switching the Instrument On

Manual ......................................................... 14

Via PC .......................................................... 14

Symbols

Digital Display ..............................................11

Instrument ...................................................13

Rotary Switch Positions ..............................12

T

tEMP intErn ...........................................................63

tEMP intErn/ExtErn ............................................... 67

tEMP unit ..............................................................66

Temperature Measurement

With Resistance Thermometers ................. 44

With Thermocouples ...................................43

tiME .................................................................63, 64

Total Harmonic Distortion THD ............................54

Transients ............................................................. 34

Transmission Rate (rAtE parameter) .................... 72

triG .........................................................................73

tStorE ....................................................................74

U

Use for Intended Purpose ...................................... 9

V

vErSion ................................................................. 63

Voltage Comparator ............................................. 31

Voltage Drop ......................................................... 34

Voltage Measurement

Notes

........................................................... 25

Scope of Functions ..................................... 25

Voltage Peaks ...................................................... 34

Voltage Transients ............................................... 70

W

WEEE Mark ........................................................... 13

Z

ZERO ..................................................................... 18

Zero Offset ........................................................... 18

Edited in Germany · Subject to change without notice · PDF version available on the Internet

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Südwestpark 15
90449 Nürnberg, Germany