1. About Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection
The technology uses UV light to target and disable disease-causing microorganisms (pathogens). This includes
such waterborne diseases as: E-coli, hepatitis, cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever as well as many others.
Over 100 years ago, scientists discovered that if you exposed pathogens to UV light, their reproduction was
limited. The UV light source that they used, resided in the UVC range of the light spectrum. Specifically, they
discovered that light in the 254 nanometer (nm) range was the most effective wavelength. Today, specialized UV
lamps are used for a variety of disinfection applications.
When water pathogens are exposed to UV light, their cells become damaged and this damage inhibits
reproduction. The UV light, produced by a special UV lamp, damages the cell’s DNA and RNA and once
damaged, they are unable to replicate. This physical process renders them harmless.
The amount of damage is a result of the intensity of the lamp’s UVC output multiplied by the time the water is
exposed to the light. The applied dosage is expressed as milliwatt seconds per square centimeter (mW.s/cm2) or
millijoules per square centimeter (mJ/cm2). Dosages of 30,000 uW.s/cm2 (30 mJ cm2) to 40,000 uW.s.cm2 (40
mJ cm2) are common for drinking water
Using UV for disinfection is a practical and acceptable technology, but do not confuse disinfection with
sterilization. Sterilization means the complete and total inactivation of microorganisms.
When water enters the vessel, it is exposed to UV light. The UV lamp used for germicidal disinfection produces a
portion of its light in the 254-nm wavelength. At this wavelength, UV light destroys bacteria, protozoa, viruses,
molds, algae and other microbes.
The actual lamps are housed in quartz sleeves. Both lamps and sleeves are very fragile and are manufactured
from a special material that allows UV light to emanate. These sleeves not only help maintain maximum
operating temperature, but also prevent the lamps from coming in contact with the water.