Gippsland Aeronautics GA8 Owners And Pilots Information Manual

OWNERS AND PILOTS

INFORMATION MANUAL

(For Approved Document please refer to C01-01-04)

Model GA8

THIS GA8 OWNERS AND PILOTS INFORMATION MANUAL IS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND THEREFORE MUST NOT BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE OFFICIAL CASA AUSTRALIA APPROVED FAA ACCEPTED FLIGHT MANUAL DOCUMENT.

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page (i)

Gippsland Aeronautics Pty Ltd

P.O. Box 881

Morwell Victoria 3840

Australia Tel.: +61 3 5172 1200 Fax: +61 3 5172 1201

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GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS Model GA8

Section

1 General 2 Limitations 3 Emergency Procedures 4 Normal Procedures 5 Performance 6 Weight and Balance/Equipment List 7 Aircraft and Systems Description

8 Aircraft Handling, Servicing and Maintenance 9 Supplements

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page (ii)

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GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1 SECTION 1

SECTION 1

GENERAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Page

1.1 INTR DUCTIONO .........................................................................................................1-2

1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION..........................................................................................1-5

1.3 SYM OLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGYB ................................................1-6

1.4 USE OF METRIC/IMPERIAL UNITS.........................................................................1-11

1.1.1 Owners and Pilots Information Manual ..........................................................1-4

1.1.2 Definitions.......................................................................................................1-4

1.2.1 Aircraft............................................................................................................1-5

1.2.2 Engine............................................................................................................1-5

1.3.1 General Symbols and Abbreviations..............................................................1-6

1.3.2 General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols.................................................1-8

1.3.3 Meteorological Terminology...........................................................................1-9

1.3.4 Power Terminology ........................................................................................1-9

1.3.5 Engine Controls and Instruments...................................................................1-9

1.3.6 Aircraft Performance and Flight Planning Terminology................................1-10

1.3.7 Weight and Balance Terminology ................................................................1-10

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 1-1

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The Owners and Pilots Information Manual consists of an introductory section and eight additional numbered sections. These sections provide owners and pilots with familiarisation of the GA8 Airvan in all phases of flight, ground handling terminology and servicing.

The operating procedures presented herein are the result of Gippsland Aeronautics knowledge and experience gained over time. For specific information in regard to this Information Manual, please contact:

Gippsland Aeronautics Pty Ltd

P.O. Box 881

Morwell Victoria 3840

Australia Tel.: +61 3 5172 1200 Fax: +61 3 5172 1201

Email: techrec@gippsaero.com

Page 1-2 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

352.3 [8949]

153.0 [3885]

33.5 [851]

90.5 [2299]

94.0 [2388]

FLOOR LINE

GROUND LINE

164 [4166]

94.0 [2388]

63.0 [1600]

FIREWALL LINE

488.68 [12412]

Ø84.0 [Ø2134] MAX

2.5° DIHEDRAL

FLOOR LINE

GROUND LINE

110.0 [2794]

Figure 1-1 Three View of the GA8

Note: All dimensions in inches and [millimetres] Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH)

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 1-3

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1.1.1 Owners and Pilots Information Manual

The Owners and Pilots Information Manual provides all required details of the standard aircraft and the procedures required to operate it in the normal category. Apart from the listing in Section 6, no other details of any optional equipment fitted at the factory will be found in the basic Owners and Pilots Information Manual.

1.1.2 Definitions

Definitions used in the Owners and Pilots Information Manual such as WARNING, CAUTION, NOTE are employed in the following context:

WARNING

Operating procedures, techniques, etc. which if not followed correctly, may result in personal injury or death.

CAUTION

Operating procedures, techniques, etc. which if not strictly observed, may result in damage to the aircraft or to its installed equipment.

NOTE

Operating procedures, techniques, etc. which it is considered essential to highlight.

Page 1-4 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 Aircraft

The GA8 aircraft is a strut braced, high wing, fixed tricycle undercarriage, single engine, eight seat cabin aircraft that has been designed primarily for passenger and utility operations.

The fuselage is an all alloy stressed skin construction and is fully corrosion protected. The floor of the passenger cabin is provided with a quick release system to allow rapid conversion from freight to passenger or combi configurations. The engine cowlings are manufactured from composite materials and feature large, easily removable access panels.

The cockpit is designed to accommodate the pilot in command on the left side and all controls, instruments, selectors and switches are located so as to be within easy reach of the occupant of that seat. A second, optional set of flight controls and instruments may be fitted to the right side front seat position. The centrally located control pedestal, radio stack and overhead switch panel are accessible from either of the two cockpit seats. The cockpit is accessed by forward hinging doors that are located on each side. The main cabin is provided with a large sliding door on the left side at the rear of the fuselage.

The wings are of all metal stressed skin construction with full corrosion protection, and are braced on each side by a single streamlined bracing strut. A single integral fuel tank is located in each wing between the fuselage and the strut. The ailerons and wing flaps are of metal construction and operate in a conventional sense.

The empennage is also an all metal stressed skin construction and is fully corrosion protected. A variable incidence stabiliser is incorporated to provide a wide trim range with maximum aerodynamic efficiency. The vertical surfaces feature a half span rudder that is located on the lower portion of the fin.

1.2.2 Engine

The engine is a, six cylinder, horizontally opposed, air cooled, normally aspirated and fuel injected Lycoming IO-540-K1A5 rated by Lycoming to 300 BHP at full throttle and 2700 RPM. Operations at 2700 RPM are limited to a maximum period of two minutes. Except for take-off, normal full throttle operations are conducted using 2500 RPM.

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 1-5

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1.3 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

1.3.1 General Symbols and Abbreviations

A Ampere AGL Above Ground Level AMSL Above Mean Sea Level AVGAS Aviation Gasoline BHP Brake Horse Power CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority (Australia) CAO Civil Aviation Order (Australia) CAR Civil Aviation Regulation (Australia) °C Degrees Celsius CHT Cylinder Head Temperature cm Centimetre, centimetres DC Direct Current E East EMERG Emergency FAA Federal Aviation Administration (USA) °F Degrees Fahrenheit FAR Federal Aviation Regulation (USA) ft Foot, feet ft/min Feet per minute g Acceleration due to gravity Gal Gallon GAMA General Aviation Manufacturers Association hPa Hectopascal, hectopascals HF High Frequency ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation ICO Idle Cut Off IFR Instrument Flight Rules IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions in Inch, inches in Hg Inches of mercury in lbs Inch pounds incr. increase ISA International Standard Atmosphere kg Kilogram kg/l Kilogram per litre kHz Kilohertz kts, K Knots kPa Kilopascals kW Kilowatt, kilowatts l Litre, litres lb Pound, pounds LH Left Hand LHS Left Hand Side

Page 1-6 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

m Metre m m

Square metre

Cubic metre

mA Milli ampere MAC Mean Aerodynamic Chord MAN Manual MAP Manifold Air Pressure max Maximum MCP Maximum Continuous Power MHz Megahertz mm Millimetre min Minimum or minute m kg Metre kilogram N North NM Nautical mile, nautical miles OAT Outside Air Temperature PAX Passenger POH Pilots Operating Handbook PPH Pounds per hour PPM Parts per million PROP Propeller psi Pounds per square inch PWR Power QTY Quantity qts Quarts RH Right Hand RHS Right Hand Side RPM Revolutions per minute S South SAE Society of Automotive Engineers sec Seconds SPKR Speaker SQ Square SSB Single Side Band STBY Standby SYST System

TBO Time between overhauls T/O Take Off US United States (of America) U/S Unserviceable USA United States of America USG US Gallon US Gal US Gallon V Volts VFR Visual Flight Rules VHF Very High Frequency VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions W West

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 1-7

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1.3.2 General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols

CAS Calibrated Airspeed: the indicated speed of an aircraft corrected for position

and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level.

KCAS Calibrated Airspeed expressed in knots. GS Ground Speed: t he speed of an aircraft relative to the ground. IAS Indicated Airspeed: the speed of an aircraft as shown on the airspeed

indicator. IAS values in this manual assume zero instrument error.

KIAS Indicated Airspeed expressed in knots. TAS True Air Speed: the airspeed of an aircraft relative to the undisturbed air

through which it passes.

T.O.S.S Take-Off Safety Speed: the airspeed chosen to ensure that adequate control

will exist under all conditions, including turbulence and sudden and complete engine failure during the climb after take-off. It is the speed required at 50 feet.

Manoeuvring Speed: the maximum speed at which application of full available

aerodynamic control will not damage or overstress the aircraft.

Maximum Flap Extended Speed: the highest speed permissible with wing flaps

in a prescribed extended position.

Never Exceed Speed: the limiting airspeed that may not be exceeded at any

time.

Maximum Structural Cruising Speed: the speed that should not be exceeded

except in smooth air and then only with caution.

VS Stalling Speed: or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is

controllable.

Stalling Speed: or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is

controllable in the landing configuration.

Best Angle-of-Climb Speed: the airspeed which delivers the greatest gain of

altitude in the shortest possible horizontal distance.

Best Rate-of-Climb Speed: the airspeed which delivers the greatest gain in

altitude in the shortest possible time.

Reference Landing Approach Speed: the airspeed equal to 1.3VSO and is the

REF

airspeed used on approach down to 50 feet above the runway when determining landing distances.

Page 1-8 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1.3.3 Meteorological Terminology

ISA International Standard Atmosphere in which:

The air is a dry perfect gas: The temperature at sea level is 15°C (59°F): The pressure at sea level is 1013 hPa (29.92 inches Hg): The temperature gradient from sea level to the altitude at which the

temperature is -56.5°C (-69.7°F) is 0.00198°C (0.003566°F) per foot, and ze ro above that altitude.

OAT (Outside Air Temperature) The outside free air static temperature. Airfield Pressure Height The height registered at the surface of an aerodrome by an

altimeter with the pressure sub-scale set to 1013 hPa (29.92 inches Hg). Pressure Altitude Altitude measured from standard sea-level pressure (1013 hPa/29.92

inches Hg) by a pressure or barometric altimeter corrected for position and instrument error. Indicated Pressure Altitude The altitude actually read from an altimeter when the

pressure barometric sub-scale has been set to 1013 hPa (29.92 inches Hg).

Station Pressure Actual atmospheric pressure at field elevation. QNH The local pressure setting that if set on the subscale of an altimeter will cause the

altimeter to indicate local altitude above mean sea level. Wind The wind velocities to be used as variables on aircraft performance are to be

understood as the headwind or tail wind components of the reported winds.

1.3.4 Power Terminology

Take-Off Power Maximum power permissible for take-off. Maximum Continuous Power Maximum power that is allowed to be used continuousl y

during flight.

1.3.5 Engine Controls and Instruments

Throttle Lever The lever which the pilot uses to control the engine manifold pressure. Pitch Lever The lever which the pilot uses to control the engine RPM Mixture Control The control that is used to vary the fuel/air ratio available to the engine. MAP Gauge The instrument that indicates engine inlet Manifold Air Pressure Tachometer The instrument that indicates the engine RPM.

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 1-9

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1.3.6 Aircraft Performance and Flight Planning Terminology

Climb Gradient The ratio of the change in height during a climb, to the horizontal distance

travelled. Demonstrated Crosswind Component The crosswind component, during take-off and

landing, for which adequate control of aircraft was actually demonstrated during certification tests.

1.3.7 Weight and Balance Terminology

Reference Datum An imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances are

measured for balance purposes. Station A location along the aircraft fuselage usually given in terms of distance from the

reference datum. Arm The horizontal distance from the reference dat um to the centre of gravity (C of G) of

an item.

Moment The product of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm. Index Unit Moment divided by a constant. Used to simplify balance calculations by

reducing the number of digits. Centre of Gravity (C of G) The point at which an aircraft would balance if suspended.

The distance from the C of G to the reference datum can be found by dividing the total moment by the total weight of the aircraft.

C of G Arm The arm obtained by adding the aircraft's individual moments and dividing the sum by the total weight.

C of G Limits The extreme centre of gravity locations within which the aircraft must be operated at a given weight.

Useable Fuel The quantity of fuel available for flight planning purposes. Unusable Fuel The quantity of fuel (determined under adverse fuel flow conditions) that is

not available for flight.

Empty Weight Weight of aircraft with unusable fuel and undrainable oil. Basic Empty Weight Usually defined as empty weight plus full oil. Useful Load Difference between take-off weight, and basic empty weight. Maximum Take-Off Weight Maximum weight approved for take-off. Maximum Landing Weight Maximum weight approved for the landing.

Page 1-10 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

1.4 USE OF METRIC/IMPERIAL UNITS

This Owners and Pilots Information Manual uses the Imperial/US unit system as the basic system of measurement. Where common usage or available instrumentation refer to the metric system, both units are quoted. The following conversion factors are presented as a ready reference to the conversion factors that have been used in this manual as well as supplying some others that may be found useful.

1 Pound (lb) = 0.4536 Kilogram (kg)

1 Pound per sq in (psi) = 6.895 Kilopascal (kPa)

1 Inch (in) = 25.4 Millimetres (mm)

1 Foot (ft) = 0.3048 Metre (m)

1 Statute mile = 1.609 Kilometres (km)

1 Nautical mile (NM) = 1.852 Kilometres (km)

1 Millibar (mb) = 1 Hectopascal (hPa)

1 Millibar (mb) = 0.1 Kilopascal (kPa)

1 Imperial gallon = 4.546 Litres (l)

1 US gallon = 3.785 Litres (l)

1 US quart = 0.946 Litre (l)

1 Cubic foot (ft

) = 28.317 Litres (l)

1 Acre = 0.4047 Hectares

1 Degree Fahrenheit (°F) = [1.8 x °C]+32

1 Inch Pound (in lb) = 0.113 Newton Metres (Nm)

1 Foot Pound (ft lb) = 1.356 Newton Metres (Nm)

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 1-11

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 1 Model GA8 GENERAL

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Page 1-12 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

2 SECTION 2

SECTION 2

LIMITATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Page

2.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................................2-2

2.2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS...........................................................................................2-2

2.3 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS..........................................................................2-2

2.4 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS...................................................................................2-3

2.5 ENGINE INSTRUMENT MARKINGS ..........................................................................2-5

2.6 WEIGHT LIMITS..........................................................................................................2-5

2.7 CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS...................................................................................2-5

2.8 MANOEUVRE LIMITS.................................................................................................2-6

2.9 FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS.................................................................................2-6

2.10 FLIGHT CREW LIMITS ...............................................................................................2-6

2.11 KINDS OF OPERATION LIMITS .................................................................................2-6

2.12 FUEL LIMITATIONS..................................................................................................2-10

2.13 MAXIMUM PASSENGER SEATING LIMITS.............................................................2-10

2.14 OTHER LIMITATIONS...............................................................................................2-10

2.15 PLACARDS ...............................................................................................................2-11

2.4.1 Engine............................................................................................................2-3

2.4.2 Engine Limitations..........................................................................................2-3

2.4.3 Fuel Grade .....................................................................................................2-3

2.4.4 Lubricating Oil ................................................................................................2-4

2.4.5 Propeller.........................................................................................................2-5

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 2-1

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

2.1 GENERAL

This section of the Owners and Pilots Operating Manual presents the various operating limitations, instrument markings, colour coding, and basic placards necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft, it's engine, standard systems and standard equipment.

All limitations contained in this section have been approved by the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority, and operation in compliance with the limitations presented in this section is required by the Federal Aviation Regulations.

For specific operations, or for operations with equipment fitted that is covered by a supplement, any limitations applicable will be found in the relevant supplement.

2.2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS

The indicated airspeeds in the table below are based on airspeed calibration data from Section 5.

SPEED KCAS KIAS REMARKS

Max Manoeuvring Speed (VA) 124 121

Never Exceed Speed (VNE) 183 185

Max Structural Cruising Speed (VNO) 145 143

Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed.

Do not exceed this speed in any operation.

Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air and then with caution.

2.3 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS

The airspeed indicator markings in the table below are based on airspeed calibration data from Section 5.

MARKING IAS VALUE or RANGE SIGNIFICANCE

White Arc

Green Arc 64 - 143

Yellow Arc 143 - 185

Red Line 185 Maximum speed for all operations (VNE).

57 - 97

Full Flap Operating Range. Lower limit is the maximum weight stalling speed in the landing configuration. Upper limit is the maximum speed with flaps fully extended.

Normal Operating Range. Lower limit is the maximum weight stalling speed with flaps retracted. Upper limit is the maximum structural cruising speed.

Operations must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air.

Page 2-2 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

2.4 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS

2.4.1 Engine

Manufacturer: Textron Lycoming Division

Textron Corporation

Model: Lycoming IO-540-K1A5

2.4.2 Engine Limitations

POWER RPM

Maximum

Take-Off

(300 BHP)

Maximum Continuous (275 BHP)

2700

(max. 2 minutes)

2500 Full Throttle

2700 RPM may only be used for take-off to a safe height as required to clear obstacles or reach 250ft AGL. Operations at 2700 RPM are limited to a maximum period of two minutes. For all other operations maximum power is to be limited to MCP at 2500 RPM.

Other limits are as follows:

1. Minimum fuel pressure at idle: 12 psi (83 kPa)

2. Minimum oil pressure at idle: 25 psi (173 kPa)

3. Maximum oil pressure at start: 115 psi (793 kPa)

2.4.3 Fuel Grade

Avgas 100LL, Avgas 100/130

MANIFOLD

PRESSURE

Full Throttle

MAXIMUM

TEMPERATURES

Cyl

Head

260°C

(500°F)

260°C

(500°F)

Oil Min Max Min Max

118°C

(245°F)

118°C

(245°F)

NOTE

PRESSURE LIMITS (See Notes)

FUEL OIL

18 psi

(124 kPa)

18 psi

(124 kPa)

55 psi

(379 kPa)

55 psi

(379 kPa)

55 psi

(379 kPa)

55 psi

(379 kPa)

95 psi

(654 kPa)

95 psi

(654 kPa)

NOTE

For fuel tank capacities refer to section 2.12 Fuel Limitations

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 2-3

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

2.4.4 Lubricating Oil

1. Specification: Textron Lycoming Specification No. 301F approves lubricating oils of any brand name

conforming to specifications MIL-L-6082 for straight mineral oil and MIL-L-22851 for ashless dispersant oil.

Straight mineral oil must be used during the first 50 hours of operation for new and overhauled engines, or until the oil consumption has stabilised. After the first 50 hours it is recommended that ashless dispersant oil be used.

Refer to Lycoming Service Instruction No.1014 for further details.

2. Viscosity Grade: The following chart is intended to assist in choosing the correct grade of oil and must be

considered as a guide only. Multiviscosity grades can also be used as indicated. Refer to Lycoming Service Instruction No. 1014 for further details.

Average

Ambient Temperature

All Temperatures

Above 27°C (80°)

Above 16°C (60°F)

-1°C (30°F) to 32°C (90°F)

-18°C (0°F) to 21°C (70°F) Below –12°C (10°F)

Equivalence of SAE and commonly used

Commercial Grade designations: SAE: 20 30 40 50 60 Commercial: 55 65 80 100 120

3. Capacity: Total: 12 US quarts (11.4 litres)

Useable: 9.3 US quarts (8.8 litres) Min safe: 2.8 US quarts (2.7 litres)

Dipstick is calibrated in US quarts

Mineral Grades

SAE 60 SAE 50 SAE 40 SAE 30 SAE 20

WARNING

SAE 15W50 or 20W50 SAE 60 SAE 40 or SAE 50 SAE 40 SAE 40, 30, 20W40 SAE 30, 20W30

Ashless Dispersant

Grades

Page 2-4 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

2.5 ENGINE INSTRUMENT MARKINGS

2.4.5 Propeller

Manufacturer: Hartzell Propeller Inc. Model: HC-C2YR-1BF/F8475R Type: Metal, Constant Speed Number of blades: 2 Diameter: 84 inches (2134 mm) maximum

78 inches (1981 mm) minimum Max RPM: 2700

Instrument

Tachometer Manifold Pressure

Oil Pressure Oil Temperature

Fuel Pressure Fuel Quantity

2.6 WEIGHT LIMITS

Maximum Take-Off and Landing Weight: ....................................... 4000 lb (1814 kg)

Maximum Weight on Main Cargo Area:.......................................... 1500 lb (680 kg)

Maximum Weight on Cabin Baggage Shelf:................................... 250 lb (113 kg)

Maximum Weight in Aft Luggage Bin:............................................. 50 lb (22 kg)

2.7 CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS

Forward Limit: 48 inches (1219 mm) aft of datum at 2400 lbs (1089 kg) and below;

Aft Limit: 64 inches (1626 mm) aft of datum at all weights Datum: Firewall (Fuselage Station 0)

[located 41.63 inches (1057 mm) forward of wing leading edge]

Red Line

Minimum Limit

- 575 - 2500 RPM 2700 RPM 2500 - 2700 RPM

- 10 - 30 in Hg - -

25 psi 55 - 95 psi 115 psi

12 psi 18 - 55 psi 55 psi 12 - 18 psi

0 0 - F - -

56 inches (1422 mm) aft of datum at 4000 lbs (1814 kg), linear variation between these points.

Green Arc

Normal Operating

60°C - 118°C 118°C

Red Arc/Line

Maximum Limit

Yellow Arc

Precautionary

Range

25 - 55 psi

95 - 115 psi

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 2-5

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

2.8 MANOEUVRE LIMITS

All aerobatic manoeuvres including spins are prohibited.

2.9 FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS

Flap Position Positive Negative

DOWN

2.10 FLIGHT CREW LIMITS

Minimum flight crew is one pilot.

2.11 KINDS OF OPERATION LIMITS

This aircraft is approved for the following types of operations when the required equipment is installed and operational:

- VFR Day and Night

- IFR

Icing

Flight into known icing conditions is prohibited.

Operation Equipment List

Table 2-11 summarises the equipment required under Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 23 for airworthiness under the listed kind of operation. Refer to relevant local operating rule requirements for additional equipment that may be necessary operationally.

+ 3.8g + 2.0g

- 1.52g 0g

Additional equipment may be fitted to the aircraft but which is not essential for flight.

Page 2-6 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

System Instruments and/or

Equipment

VFR

Day

Type of Operation

VFR

Night

IFR

Remarks

Communications

VHF Comm A/R A/R A/R

As required per local

operating regulations Electrical Power Alternator 1 1 1

Battery 1 1 1 Volt/Amps Indicator 1 1 1

Equipment & Furnishings Main Vertical Net A/R A/R A/R

Throwover Net A/R A/R A/R

Cabin Baggage Shelf Net A/R A/R A/R

As required for carriage

of freight

As required for carriage

of freight

As required for carriage

of freight Pilot seat and harness 1 1 1 Passenger seats and harness A/R A/R A/R

Fire Protection

One each required per

passenger (max 7)

Portable Fire Extinguisher 1 1 1 Flight Controls Pitch Trim Indicator 1 1 1 Pitch Trim System 1 1 1 Flap System 1 1 1 Stall Warning System 1 1 1 Fuel Fuel Quantity Indicator 2 2 2 Fuel On/Off Valve 1 1 1

(* A/R - As required)

Table 2-11 Operation Equipment List

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 2-7

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

System Instruments and/or

Equipment

Type of Operation

VFR Day

VFR

Night

IFR

Remarks

Ice & Rain Protection

Engine Alternate Air Induction System

Heated Pitot/Static Probe — Alternate Static Source —

1 1 1

 

 At least one of these

items required for VFR

Night Lights Anti-collision Lights 2 2 2

Instrument Lights — Yes Yes

Instrument Light Intensity

Control

— Yes Yes

Located on fin and

underbelly

Must be operative on

required instruments

Must be operative on

required instruments Navigation Lights — 3 3 Shock Proof Torch — 1 1 Navigation & Pitot Static

Altimeter 1 1 1

Backup Altimeter — — 1



May be a second

barometric altimeter or



other IFR approved

altitude indicator Airspeed Indicator 1 1 1

Magnetic Compass 1 1 1 Vertical Speed Indicator — 1 1

Time Piece 1 1 1

Turn Co-ordinator A/R 1 1

OAT Indicator A/R 1 1

May be carried on the

pilot

As required per local

operating regulations

As required per local

operating regulations Vacuum Attitude Indicator — 1 1

(* A/R - As required)

Table 2-11 Operation Equipment List (cont.)

Page 2-8 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

System Instruments and/or

Equipment

VFR Day

VFR

Night

IFR

Remarks

Navigation & Pitot Static Cont’d

Electric Attitude Indicator — — 1 Heading Indicator — 1 1 Suction Gauge — 1 1 Pitot/Static System 1 1 1

Type of Operation

ADF — A/R A/R VOR — A/R A/R GPS — — A/R DME — — A/R

Transponder A/R A/R A/R



Two IFR approved



navigational aids fitted to separate electrical buses



are required



As required per local operating regulations

Engine Indicating Manifold Pressure 1 1 1 Tachometer 1 1 1 Oil Pressure 1 1 1 Oil Temperature 1 1 1 Oil Quantity (Dip Stick) 1 1 1 Fuel Pressure 1 1 1

Caution Warning System 1 1 1

(if fitted) and vacuum systems

Approved Flight Manual 1 1 1

Fuel, electrical, pitot heat

(* A/R - As required)

Table 2-11 Operation Equipment List (cont.)

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 2-9

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

2.12 FUEL LIMITATIONS

Wing Tanks (each) 44.9 US Gal (170 litres) 43.8 US Gal (166 litres) Sump Tank 2.4 US Gal (9 litres) 0 US Gal (0 litres) Cumulative System Capacity 92.2 US Gal (349 litres) 87.7 US Gal (332 litres)

2.13 MAXIMUM PASSENGER SEATING LIMITS

The maximum passenger seating capacity is seven - one seated beside the pilot and three rows of two passengers behind.

Fuel Quantity

Total Useable

NOTES

1. The total contents of the sump tank are considered to be unusable fuel.

2. Maximum allowable lateral differential fuel loading – 26.4 US Gal (100 litres)

3. For Fuel Grade refer to section 2.4.3 Fuel Grade

2.14 OTHER LIMITATIONS

1. If the seat beside the pilot's seat is equipped with a functioning set of flight controls, refer to operational requirements for the occupation of this seat by a passenger.

2. Cockpit and cabin doors may not be opened in flight except for emergency smoke/fume evacuation purposes.

Maximum allowable airspeed with doors open: 100 KIAS.

3. Maximum operating altitude is 20 000 feet. See section 4.4.12 for use of supplemental oxygen.

4. The maximum ambient operating temperature is 45°C (113°F).

5. Smoking is not permitted.

6. The aircraft may be operated onto and from hard sealed, gravel and grass surfaces.

Page 2-10 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

2.15 PLACARDS

The following placards are required, and are to be located in the proximity indicated. Each placard is to contain wording conforming with the illustrations. The shape and layout of production items may vary between individual aircraft. Consult the manufacturer for individual aircraft placard variations.

T H

L E

Mounted between trim and powerplant controls

A N

On underside of oil filler flap

FUEL MIN OCTANE 100/130 OR 100LL

CAPACITY TOTAL: 170l (44.9 usg)

CAPACITY USABLE: 166l (43.9 usg)

Adjacent to wing fuel filler cap on each wing

− AVGAS −

Adjacent to earth tag on each wing and cockpit step

MANOEUVRE SPEED V − 121 KIAS

Directly below the Airspeed Indicator

Normal

Static Source

Located behind alternate static switch when alternate st atic switch fitted

Alternate

Static Source

On top and forward of the engine control levers section

of the centre console

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 2-11

Above each front door

CLOSED

TO OPEN:

PULL HANDLE INWARDS & ROTATE CLOCKWISE

In the inside of the rear lower corner of the rear door window frame

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

TO OPEN:

LIFT AND ROTATE HANDLE BACKWARDS.

Aft of handle on arm rest of each front door

OPEN

TO OPEN:

PRESS BUTTON & ROTATE HANDLE.

SLIDE DOOR FORWARD.

Around release button on the outside of rear door

OPEN

Behind aft most point of handle

SLIDE DOOR FORWARD.

OPEN

on the outside/inside of each front door

OPEN

CLOSED

Beside rear door external handle

Around warning/caution buttons

Just below fuselage belly skin crease behind right hand front door

STOWAGE OF ARTICLES

UNDER SEATS IS

PROHIBITED

Located on seat backs

Adjacent to trim position indicator

Behind panel lighting dimmer knobs on the instrument panel

Around park brake knob on the centre console

Directly behind each fuel drain cock on the underside of the fuselage near the right hand fro n t door and underside of each wing

Page 2-12 Owners and Pilots Information Manual GA-FM-04

(either format)

Mount on electric box cover

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

On the inside of external power flap

Around alternate air knob on the centre console

0mm (DATUM) 0" (DATUM)

STA 1320mm STA 1727mm

STA 2210mm

STA 3512mm STA 4013mm

STA 4623mm

STA 5232mm

AIRCRAFT SECTIONS

On the front face of the cabin baggage shelf near the rear door

Positioned under the Volt/Amps meter with the switch that changes reading from Bus 1 and Bus 2 located between the respective lettering

On the outside of external power flap

GA8 CARGO AND BAGGAGE LOADING

1a − MAIN CARGO AREA

STA 52"

1b − MAIN CARGO AREA

STA 68"

1c − MAIN CARGO AREA

STA 87"

2 − CABIN BAGGAGE SHELF

STA 138"

3 − AFT LUGGAGE BIN

STA 158" STA 182"

STA 206"

AREA

OBSERVE WEIGHT AND BALANCE LIMITATIONS. SEE FLIGHT MANUAL.

MAX. LOAD MAX. LOAD INTENSITY

680 KG (1500 LBS)

combined load for Area 1A, 1B and IC

113 KG (250 LBS)

22 KG (50 LBS)

On centre console beside flap

lever - bottom of placard

facing the pilot's door

470 KG/M² (96 LBS/FT²)

1010 KG/M² (206 LBS/FT²)

250 KG/M² (51 LBS/FT²)

225 KG/M² (46 LBS/FT²)

80 KG/M² (17 LBS/FT²)

Aft face of throttle quadrant

FUEL

PULL − OFF

PUSH

PRIME

Around fuel primer button

Located adjacent to the dimmer knob on the pilot's side of the overhead circuit breaker panel

Located behind magneto switch

On the upper side of flap lever

handle near detent button

GA-FM-04 Owners and Pilots Information Manual Page 2-13

GIPPSLAND AERONAUTICS SECTION 2 Model GA8 LIMITATIONS

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Page 2-14 GA8 Airplane Flight Manual GA-FM-04

+ 86 hidden pages

Gippsland Aeronautics GA8 Owners And Pilots Information Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

CONTENTS

SECTION 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.1.1 Owners and Pilots Information Manual

1.1.2 Definitions

1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 Aircraft

1.2.2 Engine

1.3 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

1.3.1 General Symbols and Abbreviations

1.3.2 General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols

1.3.3 Meteorological Terminology

1.3.4 Power Terminology

1.3.5 Engine Controls and Instruments

1.3.6 Aircraft Performance and Flight Planning Terminology

1.3.7 Weight and Balance Terminology

1.4 USE OF METRIC/IMPERIAL UNITS

SECTION 2

2.2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS

2.3 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS

2.4 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS

2.4.1 Engine

2.4.2 Engine Limitations

2.4.3 Fuel Grade

2.4.4 Lubricating Oil

2.5 ENGINE INSTRUMENT MARKINGS

2.4.5 Propeller

2.6 WEIGHT LIMITS

2.7 CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS

2.8 MANOEUVRE LIMITS

2.9 FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS

2.10 FLIGHT CREW LIMITS

2.11 KINDS OF OPERATION LIMITS

2.12 FUEL LIMITATIONS

2.13 MAXIMUM PASSENGER SEATING LIMITS

2.14 OTHER LIMITATIONS

2.15 PLACARDS