Giga-tronics 8650A Series Operation Manual
Manual Part Number:
Revision:
Print Date:
31470
E
April 2001
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
Operation Manual
8650A
............................................Certified Product
Registrar: BSI, Certification No. FM 34226 ❖ Registered 04 June 1996 ❖ Amended 01 March 2000
Giga-tronics Incorporated ❖ 4650 Norris Canyon Road ❖ San Ramon, California 94583
925.328.4650 or 800.726.4442 ❖ 925.328.4700 (Fax) ❖ 800.444.2878 (Customer Service) ❖ 925.328.4702 (CS Fax)
www.gigatronics.com
ISO 9001
............................................ Certified Process
All technical data and specifications in this manual are subject to change without prior notice and do not represent a
commitment on the part of Giga-tronics Incorporated.
© 2001 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Printed in the USA
WARRANTY
Giga-tronics Series 8650A instruments are
warranted against defective materials and
workmanship for two years from date of shipment.
Giga-tronics will at its option repair or replace
products that are proven defective during the
warranty period. This warranty DOES NOT cover
damage resulting from improper use, nor
workmanship other than Giga-tronics service.
There is no implied warranty of fitness for a
particular purpose, nor is Giga-tronics liable for any
consequential damages. Specification and price
change privileges are reserved by Giga-tronics.
Model Numbers
The series 8650Aincludes two models: The single-channel Model 8651A and the dual-channel 8652A. Apart from
the number of sensors they support, the two models are identical. Both models are referred to in this manual by the
general term 8650A, except where it is necessary to make a distinction between the models.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Application of Council Directive(s)
EMC Directive and Low Voltage Directive
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN50081-1 (1992)
EN50082-1 (1997)
EN61010-1 (1993)
Manufacturer’s Name
Manufacturer’s Address
Type of Equipment
Model Series Number
Model Numbers in Series
Giga-tronics Incorporated
4650 Norris Canyon Road
San Ramon, California 94583
U.S.A.
Universal Power Meters
Series 8650A
Models 8651A and 8652A
89/336/EEC and 73/23/EEC
EMC - Emissions
EMC - Immunity
Electrical Safety
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above
conforms to the above Directive(s) and Standard(s)
San Ramon, California
(Signature)
Thomas A. Kramer
(Full Name)
Director of Quality Assurance
(Position)
June 25, 1999
(Place)
(Date)
About This Manual ...................................................................................................... ix
Conventions ................................................................................................................ xi
Record of Manual Changes ........................................................................................ xiii
Special Configurations ................................................................................................ xv
1
Introduction
1.1 Description....................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Installation ....................................................................................................1-4
Contents
1.1.1 Features .......................................................................................1-1
1.1.2 Power Requirements ....................................................................1-2
1.1.3 Environmental Requirements ........................................................1-2
1.1.4 Items Furnished ............................................................................1-2
1.1.5 Items Required .............................................................................1-2
1.1.6 Tools and Test Equipment ............................................................1-2
1.1.7 Cooling .........................................................................................1-2
1.1.8 Cleaning .......................................................................................1-3
1.1.9 Receiving Inspection .....................................................................1-3
1.1.10 Preparation for Reshipment ..........................................................1-3
1.2.1 Safety Precautions ........................................................................1-4
1.2.2 Line Voltage and Fuse Selection ...................................................1-5
1.2.3 Power Sensor Precautions ............................................................1-5
1.2.4 The Rear Panel .............................................................................1-6
1.3 8650A System Specifications ........................................................................1-7
2
Front Panel Operation
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 The Front Panel ............................................................................2-1
2.2 8650A Configuration .....................................................................................2-4
2.2.1 Meter Setup .................................................................................2-5
2.2.2 Display Setup .............................................................................2-14
2.2.3 Rel ..............................................................................................2-17
2.2.4 Sensor Setup ..............................................................................2-17
2.3 Measurement Guide .................................................................................... 2-21
2.3.1 Using the Power Sweep Calibrator ............................................. 2-21
2.3.2 80701A Sensor Operation .......................................................... 2-21
2.3.3 Sensor Zero and Calibration ........................................................2-22
2.3.4 Measuring Source Output Power ................................................2-25
2.3.5 Using the Peaking Meter ............................................................2-25
2.3.6 High Power Level Measurements ...............................................2-26
2.3.7 Modulated Measurement Modes ................................................2-26
2.3.8 Measurement Collection Modes .................................................2-29
2.3.9 Mode Restrictions .......................................................................2-31
2.3.10 When to use CW, MAP and BAP ................................................2-31
2.3.11 Multi-Tone Tests ........................................................................2-31
2.3.12 Peak Hold ...................................................................................2-32
2.3.3.1 Calibration & Zeroing for High Power Sensors with Remov-
able Attenuators ....................................................... 2-23
2.3.3.2 Low Level Performance Check................................... 2-24
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 i
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
2.3.13 Crest Factor ................................................................................2-33
2.3.14 Burst Signal Measurements .......................................................2-35
2.3.15 Burst Start Exclude, Burst End Exclude ......................................2-36
2.3.16 Burst Dropout .............................................................................2-37
2.3.17 Optimizing Measurement Speed .................................................2-38
2.3.18 Peak Power Measurements ........................................................2-39
2.3.19 Measuring an Attenuator (Single Channel Method) ....................2-39
2.3.20 Improving Accuracy ....................................................................2-40
2.3.21 Performance Verification .............................................................2-41
2.3.22 Sources of Error ..........................................................................2-42
3
Remote Operation
3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Sending Commands to the 8650A ................................................3-1
3.1.2 Polling ..........................................................................................3-2
3.1.3 Data Output Formats ....................................................................3-3
3.1.4 Power-On Default Conditions .......................................................3-4
3.2 SCPI Command Interface...............................................................................3-5
3.2.1 Sensor Calibration and Zero ..........................................................3-5
3.2.2 Sensor and Channel Configuration ................................................3-5
3.2.3 Measurement Triggering ..............................................................3-6
3.2.4 Memory Functions ........................................................................3-6
3.2.5 IEEE 488.2 Required Commands ..................................................3-6
3.2.6 Calculate Subsystem Commands ..................................................3-7
3.2.7 Sense Subsystem Commands ......................................................3-8
3.2.8 Trigger Subsystem Commands .....................................................3-9
3.2.9 GPIB Command Syntax ..............................................................3-10
3.2.10 Sensor Calibration and Zeroing ...................................................3-14
3.2.11 Reading Power Measurements ...................................................3-16
3.2.12 Instrument Triggering .................................................................3-18
3.2.13 Arming the Triggering Cycle .......................................................3-22
3.2.14 Channel Configuration ................................................................3-23
3.2.15 Cal Factor Correction ..................................................................3-25
3.2.16 High Speed Measurements .........................................................3-27
3.2.17 Peak Power Sensor Triggering ....................................................3-31
3.2.18 Averaging ...................................................................................3-33
3.2.19 Relative or Referenced Measurements ........................................3-34
3.2.20 Offsets ........................................................................................3-35
3.2.21 SRQ and Status Monitoring ........................................................3-36
3.2.22 Min/Max Configuration and Monitoring ......................................3-40
3.2.23 Limit Line Configuration and Monitoring .....................................3-42
3.2.24 Analog Output ............................................................................3-44
3.2.25 Saving and Recalling Configurations ...........................................3-46
3.2.26 Halting Operation .......................................................................3-46
3.2.27 Preset Configuration ...................................................................3-47
3.2.28 Identification Commands ............................................................3-49
3.2.29 Calibrator Controls ......................................................................3-50
3.2.30 Sensor EEPROM Commands ......................................................3-50
3.2.31 Self-Test .....................................................................................3-51
3.2.32 Error Messages ..........................................................................3-51
3.3 IEEE 488.2 Interface Command Codes.........................................................3-54
3.3.1 Command Syntax .......................................................................3-54
3.3.2 8650A Command Code Set ........................................................3-57
3.3.3 8540C Emulation Command Code Set ........................................3-60
3.3.4 HP436 Emulation Command Code Set ........................................3-63
3.3.5 HP437 Emulation Command Code Set ........................................3-64
3.3.6 HP438 Emulation Command Code Set ........................................3-66
ii Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
Preface
3.4 Analog Output.............................................................................................3-68
3.5 Averaging....................................................................................................3-69
3.5.1 Auto Averaging ..........................................................................3-69
3.5.2 Manual Averaging ...................................................................... 3-70
3.6 Cal Factors ..................................................................................................3-71
3.7 Calibration...................................................................................................3-72
3.7.1 Calibration Routine .....................................................................3-72
3.7.2 Calibrator Source ........................................................................3-73
3.7.3 Calibrator Test ............................................................................3-73
3.7.4 Channel Designation .................................................................. 3-74
3.8 Crest Factor.................................................................................................3-75
3.8.1 Enabling the Crest Factor Feature ............................................... 3-75
3.8.2 Reading the Crest Factor Value ...................................................3-75
3.9 Display Control............................................................................................3-76
3.10 Duty Cycle Commands................................................................................3-77
3.10.1 Activating or Deactivating a Duty Cycle ......................................3-77
3.10.2 Specifying a Duty Cycle ..............................................................3-77
3.10.3 Reading Duty Cycle Status ......................................................... 3-77
3.11 Time Gating Measurement ..........................................................................3-78
3.11.1 Description ................................................................................. 3-78
3.11.2 Time Gating Mode ......................................................................3-79
3.12 EEPROM ..................................................................................................... 3-81
3.12.1 EEPROM Cal Factors ..................................................................3-81
3.12.2 Frequency ...................................................................................3-82
3.13 Instrument Identification .............................................................................3-83
3.14 Learn Modes ...............................................................................................3-84
3.14.1 Learn Mode #1 ...........................................................................3-85
3.14.2 Learn Mode #2 ...........................................................................3-86
3.15 Limits .......................................................................................................... 3-87
3.15.1 Setting Limits ............................................................................. 3-87
3.15.2 Activating Limits ......................................................................... 3-87
3.15.3 Measuring with Limits ................................................................3-88
3.16 Measurement Collection Modes (Standard).................................................3-89
3.16.1 Measurement Triggering ............................................................3-89
3.16.2 Group Execute Trigger ................................................................ 3-90
3.17 Measurement Collection Modes (Fast) ........................................................3-91
3.17.1 General .......................................................................................3-91
3.17.2 Data Output Formats for Fast Modes .........................................3-92
3.17.3 Fast Buffered Mode .................................................................... 3-93
3.17.4 Swift Mode .................................................................................3-95
3.17.5 Fast Modulated Mode ................................................................ 3-97
3.18 Measurement Mode Commands .................................................................3-98
3.18.1 CW Mode ................................................................................... 3-98
3.18.2 MAP Mode ................................................................................. 3-98
3.18.3 PAP Mode ..................................................................................3-99
3.18.4 BAP Mode ..................................................................................3-99
3.18.5 Peak Mode .................................................................................3-99
3.18.6 Measurement Mode Query .......................................................3-100
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 iii
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
3.19 Advanced Features....................................................................................3-101
3.19.1 Burst Start Exclude ...................................................................3-101
3.19.2 Burst End Exclude ....................................................................3-101
3.19.3 Burst Dropout Tolerance ...........................................................3-102
3.19.4 Min/Max Power Value ..............................................................3-102
3.19.5 Offset Commands .....................................................................3-103
3.19.6 Measured Offset Entry ..............................................................3-105
3.19.7 Peak Hold .................................................................................3-106
3.19.8 Peak Power Sensor Commands ................................................3-107
3.19.9 Preset .......................................................................................3-109
3.19.10 Relative Measurements ............................................................3-110
3.19.11 Resolution ................................................................................3-110
3.19.12 Sensor Selection .......................................................................3-111
3.19.13 Status .......................................................................................3-111
3.19.14 Setup ........................................................................................3-117
3.19.15 Store and Recall ........................................................................3-117
3.19.16 Units .........................................................................................3-118
3.19.17 VPROPF Feature .......................................................................3-118
3.19.18 Zeroing .....................................................................................3-120
3.19.19 Histograms, CDF and CCDF ......................................................3-121
3.19.20 Strip Chart ................................................................................3-122
3.19.21 Statistics ..................................................................................3-123
4
Performance Verification
4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Equipment Required......................................................................................4-1
4.3 Calibrator Verification Procedure....................................................................4-2
4.3.1 Calibrator Output Power Reference Level ......................................4-2
4.3.2 Calibrator Frequency Check ..........................................................4-4
4.4 Performance Verification Tests ......................................................................4-5
4.4.1 Equipment Required .....................................................................4-5
4.4.2 Instrument Plus Power Sensor Linearity .......................................4-6
4.4.3 GPIB Port Check ...........................................................................4-8
A
Typical Applications Programs
A.1 Continuous Data Reading............................................................................. A-1
A.2 Remote Calibration of a Sensor..................................................................... A-1
A.3 Speed Tests: Normal and Swift .................................................................... A-2
A.4 Swift Demo 1: FREERUN............................................................................. A-4
A.5 Swift Demo 2: GET...................................................................................... A-5
A.6 Fast Buffered Demo: POST GET .................................................................. A-6
A.6.1 Fast Buffered Demo: POST TTL.................................................... A-7
iv Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
B
Power Sensors
B.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. B-1
B.2 Power Sensor Selection................................................................................ B-1
C
Options
C.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. C-1
C.2 Option 01: Rack Mount Kit ........................................................................... C-1
C.3 Option 03: Rear Panel Sensor In & Calibrator Out Connectors, Model 8651A... C-1
C.4 Option 04: Rear Panel Sensor In & Calibrator Out Connectors, Model 8652A... C-1
C.5 Option 05: Soft Carrying Case ...................................................................... C-2
C.6 Option 07: Side-mounted Carry Handle ........................................................ C-2
Preface
B.2.1 Power Sensor Selection Charts ..................................................... B-2
B.2.2 Modulated Sensor Specifications .................................................. B-7
B.2.3 Directional Bridges...................................................................... B-11
C.7 Option 08: Transit Case................................................................................ C-2
C.8 Option 09: Dual Power Meter Rack Mount Kit.............................................. C-2
C.9 Option 10: Assembled Dual Power Meter Rack Mount Kit............................ C-2
C.10 Option 12: 1 GHz, 50 MHz Switchable Calibrator......................................... C-2
C.11 Option 13: Rear Panel Sensor In Connectors, Model 8651A ......................... C-2
C.12 Option 14: Rear Panel Sensor In Connectors, Model 8652A ......................... C-2
D
Menu Structure
D.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. D-1
Index
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters Index ....................................................... Index-1
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 v
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
Illustrations
Figure 1-1: AC Power Connector & Fuse Holding...................................................1-5
Figure 1-2: The 8650A Rear Panel ..........................................................................1-6
Figure 2-1: The 8652A Front Panel.........................................................................2-1
Figure 2-2: The Main Menu ....................................................................................2-4
Figure 2-3: Power Meter Configuration Display ......................................................2-6
Figure 2-4: Illustration of the Strip Chart.................................................................2-8
Figure 2-5: Illustration of External Gating................................................................2-9
Figure 2-6: Illustration of External Triggering........................................................2-10
Figure 2-7: Illustration of Burst Edge Configuration ..............................................2-11
Figure 2-8: Illustration of the Histogram ...............................................................2-12
Figure 2-9: Illustration of the CDF Curve...............................................................2-13
Figure 2-10: Illustration of the CCDF Curve............................................................2-13
Figure 2-11: The Configuration Display Menu.........................................................2-14
Figure 2-12: The Data Line Configuration Menu .....................................................2-15
Figure 2-13: The Sensor Setup Menu .....................................................................2-17
Figure 2-14: Setup for Sensor Calibration ...............................................................2-22
Figure 2-15: The Peaking Meter..............................................................................2-25
Figure 2-16: Burst Measurement ............................................................................2-27
Figure 2-17: Delay and Delay Offsets......................................................................2-30
Figure 2-18: Peak Hold ...........................................................................................2-32
Figure 2-19: Crest Factor ........................................................................................2-33
Figure 2-20: Burst Start Exclude & Burst End Exclude............................................2-36
Figure 2-21: Burst Dropout.....................................................................................2-37
Figure 3-1: SCPI Subsystem Model ........................................................................3-5
Figure 3-2: CALCulat Subsystem Commands .........................................................3-7
Figure 3-3: SENSe Subsystem Command Tree .......................................................3-8
Figure 3-4: TRIGger Subsystem Command Tree .....................................................3-9
Figure 3-5: TRIGger Subsystem Command Tree ...................................................3-18
Figure 3-6: The SCPI Status Structure Registers ...................................................3-38
Figure 4-1: Calibrator Output Test Setup................................................................4-2
Figure 4-2: Power Linearity Test Setup...................................................................4-6
Figure B-1: 80401A Modulation-Related Uncertainty ............................................ B-8
Figure B-2: 80601A Modulation-Related Uncertainty ............................................ B-9
Figure B-3: 80701A Modulation-Related Uncertainty .......................................... B-10
Figure D-1: The Series 8650A Menu Tree ............................................................. D-1
Figure D-2: Peak Sensor Setup A Menu Structure................................................. D-2
Figure D-3: Modulation Sensor B Setup Menu Structure....................................... D-3
Figure D-4: Meter Setup Menu Structure .............................................................. D-5
Figure D-5: Display Setup Menu Structure ............................................................ D-6
vi Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
Preface
Tables
Table 1-1: Measurement Rates........................................................................... 1-10
Table 3-1: Implemented IEEE Standards............................................................... 3-1
Table 3-2: IEEE Required Command Codes........................................................... 3-6
Table 3-3: SCPI Command Syntax...................................................................... 3-11
Table 3-4: Reset and Power on Default Commands............................................ 3-47
Table 3-5: SCPI Standard Error Messages .......................................................... 3-51
Table 3-6: Device Specific Error Messages ......................................................... 3-52
Table 3-7: 8650A IEEE 488.2 Command Set....................................................... 3-57
Table 3-8: 8540C Emulation Command Set........................................................ 3-60
Table 3-9: HP436 Emulation Command Set........................................................ 3-63
Table 3-10: HP437 Emulation Command Set........................................................ 3-64
Table 3-11: HP438 Emulation Command Set........................................................ 3-66
Table 3-12: Measurement Setting Target Default Values...................................... 3-69
Table 3-13: Numbering Averaging........................................................................ 3-70
Table 3-14: Learn Mode #1 Output Format .......................................................... 3-85
Table 3-15: Preset (Default) Conditions .............................................................. 3-109
Table 3-16: Status Byte and Service Request Mark ............................................ 3-111
Table 3-17: Error Code Returned in Position AA ................................................. 3-114
Table 3-18: Error Code Returned in Position aa .................................................. 3-115
Table 3-19: Other Codes in the Status Message................................................. 3-116
Table 4-1: Required Equipment List...................................................................... 4-1
Table B-1: Power Sensor Selection Guide ............................................................ B-2
Table B-2: Power Sensor Cal Factor Uncertainties ............................................... B-6
Table B-3: Modulated Sensor Specifications ........................................................ B-7
Table B-4: Directional Bridge Selection Guide .................................................... B-11
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 vii
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
viii Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
About This Manual
About This Manual
About This ManualAbout This Manual
This operation manual covers the operation and performance verification of the Giga-tronics Series
8650A Universal Power Meters:
Preface:
In addition to a comprehensive Contents and general information about the manual, the Preface also
contains a record of changes made to the manual since its publication, and a description of Special
Configurations. If you have ordered a user-specific manual, please refer to page xv for a description of
the special configuration.
Chapters:
1 – Introduction
This chapter contains a brief introduction to the instrument and its performance parameters.
2 – Front Panel Operation
This chapter is a guide to the instrument’s front panel keys, display and configuration menus.
3 – Remote Operation
This chapter is a guide to the instrument’s GPIB remote control interface.
4 – Performance Verification
This chapter defines the procedures to verify the performance of the 8650A Meter.
Appendices:
A - Sample Programs
This appendix provides you with examples of programs for controlling the 8650A remotely
over the GPIB.
B – Power Sensors
This appendix provides selection data, specifications, and calibration procedures for power
sensors.
C - Options
This appendix describes options available for the Series 8650A.
D – Menu Structure
This is a pictorial mapping of the various menus used in the Series 8650A. Use this appendix as
a map to locate the function you want to perform.
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 ix
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
Index:
A comprehensive word index of the various elements of the 8650A manual.
Changes that occur after publication of the manual, and Special Configuration data will be inserted as
loose pages in the manual binder. Please insert and/or replace the indicated pages as detailed in the
Technical Publication Change Instructions included with new and replacement pages.
x Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
Conventions
Conventions
ConventionsConventions
The following conventions are used in this product manual. Additional conventions not included here
will be defined at the time of usage.
Warning
WARNING
The WARNING statement is encased in gray and centered in the
page. This calls attention to a situation, or an operating or
maintenance procedure, or practice, which if not strictly corrected
or observed, could result in injury or death of personnel. An
example is the proximity of high voltage.
Caution
CAUTION
Notes
☛☛☛☛
The CAUTION statement is enclosed with single lines and centered
in the page. This calls attention to a situation, or an operating or
maintenance procedure, or practice, which if not strictly corrected
or observed, could result in temporary or permanent damage to the
equipment, or loss of effectiveness.
NOTE: A NOTE Highlights or amplifies an essential operating or maintenance procedure,
practice, condition or statement.
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 xi
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
xii Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
Record of Manual Changes
Record of Manual Changes
Record of Manual ChangesRecord of Manual Changes
This table is provided for your convenience to maintain a permanent record of manual change data.
Corrected replacement pages will be issued as Technical Publication Change Instructions, and will be
inserted at the front of the binder. Remove the corresponding old pages, insert the new pages, and
record the changes here.
Change
Instruction
Number
Change
Instruction
Date
Date
Entered Comments
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 xiii
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
xiv Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
Special Configurations
Special Configurations
Special ConfigurationsSpecial Configurations
When the accompanying product has been configured for user-specific application(s), supplemental
pages will be inserted at the front of the manual binder. Remove the indicated page(s) and replace it
(them) with the furnished Special Configuration supplemental page(s).
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 xv
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
xvi Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
1.1 Description
This chapter contains the Description, Installation procedures, and System Specifications.
The Series 8650A Universal Power Meters are digital-controlled, self-calibrating instruments that can
measure RF and microwave signal power over a wide range of frequencies and levels in a variety of
measurement modes. They can be operated locally from the front panel or remotely over the General
Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). See Section 1.3 for performance specifications.
The Series 8650A is available as the single-channel Model 8651A or the dual-channel Model 8652A,
which can simultaneously measure and display signal data for two channels.
The 8650A and the Series 80601A and 80701A power sensors offer enhanced performance in the
measurement of complex modulation signals in the communication industry. The 8650A maintains the
functionality of Giga-tronics 8540B and 8540C power meters, and compatibility with all existing power
sensor models.
1
Introduction
NOTE: The optional 1 GHz Calibrator is required for operation with Series 80701A power
☛☛☛☛
sensors (see Option 12 in Appendix C).
1.1.1 Features
• CW, peak, and modulation power meter with burst mask testing
• More than 26,000 readings/second in the Fast Buffered Mode (GPIB only)
• 90 dB dynamic range CW sensors
• +0.3% linearly per degree Centigrade of temperature change
• True dual-channel display
• SCPI Command modes (GPIB only)
• HP 438A, 437B, and 436 native mode emulation (GPIB only)
• Giga-tronics 8540B and 8540C native mode emulation (GPIB only)
• EEPROM based CAL FACTOR correction sensors
• Modulated Average Power (MAP) mode
• Pulse Average Power (PAP) mode
• Burst Average Power (BAP) mode
• Triggered (time-gated) measurement mode
• Wide modulation bandwidth – The 8650A is capable of accurately measuring signals with
modulation frequencies up to 10 MHz with the 80701A sensors
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 1-1
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
• Dual-channel modulated measurements with the 8652A and the 80601A or 80701A power
sensors
• Strip Chart function to view the power over a selective period of 40 seconds to 200 minutes
• Statistical functions including mean and standard deviation, and graphical displays of Histogram,
Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) and Complementary CDF (CCDF)
• Upgradable firmware via the RS-232 port
1.1.2 Power Requirements
100/120/220/240 Vac ±10%, 48-440 Hz, 20 W, typical. See Section 1.2.1 for details to set the voltage
and install the correct fuse for the area in which the instrument will be used.
1.1.3 Environmental Requirements
The Series 8650A instruments are type tested to MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 for all departments and
agencies of the Department of Defense applications except as follows:
• Operating temperature range is 0 °C to 55 °C (calibrator operating temperature range is 5 °C to
35 °C)
• Operating the 8651A/8652A Power Meters in a high level RF field (approximately 3 V/m) may
degrade performance, this degradation occurs at measured levels below -36 dBm and when the
frequency of the field is nominally between 50 and 1000 MHz
• Non-operating (storage) temperature range is -40 °C to +70 °C
• Relative humidity is limited to 95% non-condensing
1.1.4 Items Furnished
In addition to options and/or accessories specifically ordered, items furnished with the instrument are:
1 ea. - Power Cord
1 ea. - Detachable Sensor Cable (for Model 8651A), or
2 ea. - Detachable Sensor Cables (for Model 8652A)
1 ea. - Operation Manual (P/N 31470)
1.1.5 Items Required
The 8650A requires an external power sensor; see Appendix B for Power Sensor Specifications.
NOTE: The optional 1 GHz Calibrator is required for operation with Series 80701A power
☛☛☛☛
sensors (see Option 12 in Appendix C).
1.1.6 Tools and Test Equipment
No special tools are required to operate the 8650A.
1.1.7 Cooling
No cooling is required if the instrument is operated within its specified operating temperature range
(0 to 50 ° C).
1-2 Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
1.1.8 Cleaning
The front panel can be cleaned using a cloth dampened with a mild detergent; wipe off the detergent
residue with a damp cloth and dry with a dry cloth. Solvents and abrasive cleaners should not be used.
1.1.9 Receiving Inspection
Use care in removing the instrument from the carton and check immediately for physical damage, such
as bent or broken connectors on the front and rear panels, dents or scratches on the panels, broken
extractor handles, etc. Check the shipping carton for evidence of physical damage and immediately
report any damage to the shipping carrier.
Each Giga-tronics instrument must pass rigorous inspections and tests prior to shipment. Upon receipt,
its performance should be verified to ensure that operation has not been impaired during shipment.
Follow the installation instructions in Section 1.2 and the operating instructions in Chapter 2 or 3.
1.1.10 Preparation for Reshipment
Follow these instructions if it is necessary to return the product to the factory.
To protect the instrument during reshipment, use the best packaging materials available. If possible use
the original shipping container. If this is not possible, a strong carton or a wooden box should be used
Wrap the instrument in heavy paper or plastic before placing it in the shipping container. Completely
fill the areas on all sides of the instrument with packaging material. Take extra precautions to protect
the front and rear panels.
Introduction
Seal the package with strong tape or metal bands. Mark the outside of the package
DELICATE INSTRUMENT”
regarding reshipment, please reference the full model number and serial number. If the instrument is
being reshipped for repair, enclose all available pertinent data regarding the problem that has been
found.
NOTE:
☛☛☛☛
Customer Service so that a return authorization number (RMA) can be assigned via e-mail
at repairs@gigatronics.com or at 800.444.2878 (The 800 number is only valid within the
US). You may also try our domestic line at 925.328.4650 or Fax at 925.328.4702.
If you are returning an instrument to Giga-tronics for service, first contact
. If corresponding with the factory or local Giga-tronics sales office
“FRAGILE —
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 1-3
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
1.2 Installation
Select the correct operating voltage and install the proper fuse in this housing. Refer to Section 1.2.2,
Line Voltage and Fuse Selection for instructions on how to select the voltage and replace the fuse.
Observe the following Safety Precautions when installing the 8650A Power Meter. See Section 1.2.4 for
connecting to the rear panel. Also see Section 2.3.3 for instructions on how to connect and calibrate
power sensors.
CAUTION
Do not connect main power to the unit until you have checked the
required operating voltage and fuse rating. The instrument can be
damaged if connected to a source voltage with the line voltage selector set incorrectly.
1.2.1 Safety Precautions
This 8650A has a 3-wire power cord with a 3-terminal polarized plug for connection to the power source
and safety-ground. The ground (or safety ground) is connected directly to the chassis.
WARNING
If a 3-to-2 wire adapter is used, connect the ground lead from the
adapter to earth ground. Failure to do this can cause the instrument to float above earth ground, posing a shock hazard.
The 8650A is designed for international use with source voltages of 100, 120, 220, or 240 Vac, ±10% at
48 to 440 Hz. The 8650A uses an internationally approved connector that includes voltage selection,
fuse, and filter for RFI protection (see Figure 1-1).
1-4 Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
1.2.2 Line Voltage and Fuse Selection
The instrument is shipped in an operational condition and no special installation procedures are
required except to check and/or set the operating voltage and fuse selection as described in the
following.
When the instrument is shipped from the factory, it is set for a power line voltage (120 Vac for domestic
destinations). The power line fuse for this setting is 0.50 A Slo-Blo. If the source voltage is to be 220 to
240 Vac, the fuse must be changed to 0.35 A Slo-Blo (see Figure 1-1).
1
1
VOLTAGE
SELECTION
WHEEL
COVER
FUSE AND
FUSE HOLDER
0
1
2
0
Introduction
AC POWER
INPUT
Figure 1-1: AC Power Connector & Fuse Housing
The voltage selector and fuse holder are both contained in the covered housing directly above the AC
power connector on the rear panel. To gain access to them, use a small screwdriver or similar tool to
snap open the cover and proceed as follows:
1. To change the voltage setting:
Use the same tool to remove the voltage selector (a small barrel-shaped component marked
with voltage settings). Rotate the selector so that the desired voltage faces outward and replace
the selector back in its slot. Close the housing cover; the appropriate voltage should be visible
through the window (see Figure 1-1).
2. To replace the fuse:
Pull out the small drawer on the right side of the housing (marked with an arrow) and remove
the old fuse. Replace with a new fuse, insert the drawer and close the housing cover
(see Figure 1-1).
1.2.3 Power Sensor Precautions
Power sensor safety precautions, selection, specifications, and calibration are detailed in Appendix B to
this manual.
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 1-5
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
1.2.4 The Rear Panel
The rear panels for the Models 8651A and 8652A are identical and are illustrated in Figure 1-2. Any
options that have been installed in the unit will be noted on the serial number tag. Refer to the Special
Configurations section in the preface of this manual for detailed information about installed options or
other special configurations. Appendix C contains information on all available options for the 8650A.
U.S.Patent 4,794,325
!
WARNING
For continued fire protection
replace fuse with same
type and rating
WARNING
No operator serviceable parts
inside. Refer servicing to
service trained personnel
OPTION 01
Fuse
110-120V
T250 .50A
220-240V
T250 .35A
-- Line
25VA
MAX
LINE VOLTAGE
SELECTION
120Vac
Analog
Out A
GPIB
Analog
Out B
Trigger
RS-232
.
Input
Cal
V
F
In
∞
A
B
Figure 1-2: The 8650A Rear Panel
Line Voltage Selection and Fuse
Select the correct operating voltage and install the proper fuse in this housing. Refer to Section 1.2.2 for
instructions and precautions on how to select the voltage and replace the fuse.
Inputs/Outputs
Four BNC-type connectors interface the 8650A to other equipment
Trigger Input
•
accepts a TTL input for triggering and gating measurements as defined by the
Gate/Trigger menu selections, or under GPIB control. Maximum input without damage is 15 V.
V
•
PROP
accepts a voltage input that is proportional to frequency and causes the 8650A to
F In
apply appropriate frequency-related cal factors. Maximum input without damage is 15 V.
Analog Out A and Analog Out B
•
each provide an output voltage that is proportional to
the measured power level of the respective sensors connected to the front panel.
NOTE:
☛☛☛☛
8651A) or Option 04 (Model 8652A) is installed. The Sense In and the Calibrator Out
The Sense In connectors will be relocated to the rear panel when Option 03 (Model
connectors will be relocated to the rear panel when Option 13 (Model 8651A) or Option 14
(Model 8652A) is installed (descriptions of these options are in Appendix C).
Remote Interface
•
•
1-6 Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
is a DB-24 connector to interface the 8650A to a host computer over the GPIB.
GPIB
RS-232
is a DB-9 connector for interfacing the meter with serial communication equipment.
1.3 8650A System Specifications
Power Meter
Introduction
Frequency Range:
Power Range:
Single Senso r
Dynamic Range:
CW Power Sensors: 90 dB
Peak Power Sensors: 40 dB Peak, 50 dB CW
Modulation Sensors: 87 dB CW; 80 dB MAP/PAP; 60 dB BAP
Display Resolution:
Measurement Modes:
Averaging:
dB Rel and Offset:
Configuration Storage
Registers:
Power Measurements and
Display Configuration:
10 MHz to 40 GHz
-70 dBm to +47 dBm (100 pW to 50 Watt)
1
User-selective from 1 dB to 0.001 dB in Log mode and from 1 to
4 digits of display resolution in Linear mode.
CW, Peak, MAP, BAP, PAP
User-selective auto-averaging or manual, 1 to 512 readings.
Timed averaging from 20 ms to 20 seconds. Automatic noise
compensation in auto-averaging mode.
Allows both relative and offset readings. Power display can be
offset by -99.999 dB to +99.999 dB to account for external loss/
gain.
Up to 20 front panel setups plus a last instrument state at power-
down to be stored and recalled from non-volatile memory.
Any four of the following channel configurations simultaneously:
A, B, A/B, B/A, A-B, B-A, DLYA, DLYB, Min/Max, Bar Graph/
Peaking Meter, Peak Hold, Crest Factor, or Mean & Std
Deviation. Alternately, full-screen graphic display of Histogram,
Strip Chart, Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) and
Complementary CDF (CCDF) functions.
1
1
Sampling:
CW Mode and Modulation
Mode: 2.5 to 5.0 Mhz, asynchronous
Analog Bandwidth:
CW Mode:
Modulation Mode: >10 MHz
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 1-7
≥
3 kHz
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
Time Gated Measurements:
Gate Polarity: Specifies the external signal TTL high or low level as true for
Trigger Delay: 0 to 327 ms
Gate Time: 10
Holdoff Time: 0 to 327 ms
External Trigger Polarity: Positive or negative leading edge
Delay & Range Accuracy: +1.5
Settability: 5
Trigger Signal: Standard TTL levels
defining the gated time.
µ
s to 327 ms
µ
s or 100 ppm of the set time, whichever is greater
µ
s steps or selective by cursoring to specific digits
Accuracy
50 MHz Calibrator
Calibrator: +20 to -30 dBm power sweep calibration signal to dynamically
Frequency: 50 MHz nominal
0.0dBm Accuracy: ±1.2% worst case for one year over a temperature range of 5 to
VSWR: <1.05 (Return Loss >33 dB) @ 0 dBm
Connector: Type N, 50
Standard
linearize the sensors.
35 °C.
Ω
1 GHz Calibrator
(Option 12)
Calibrator: +20 to -30 dBm power sweep calibration signal to dynamically
Frequency: 1 GHz, nominal
0.0dBm Accuracy: ± 1.2% worst case for one year over a temperature range of 5 to
Connector: Type N, 50
800 MHz to 1 GHz
Synthesizer (Option 12)
Power Range: +15 to -30 dBm, settable in 1 dB steps
Frequency: 800 MHz to 1 GHz, settable in 1 MHz steps
Power Stability: <0.1 dB/hour
Frequency Accuracy: ±0.05%
☛☛☛☛
NOTE:
0 dBm.
Power accuracy for Option 12 is only guaranteed while in calibration mode at 1 GHz,
Required for 80701A Series Sensors (see Option 12 in
Appendix C).
linearize the sensors.
35 °C.
VSWR: <1.07 (Return Loss >30 dB) @ 0 dBm
Ω
1-8 Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
Instrumentation Linearity
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
80301A
80310A
80320A
80321A
80322A
80325A
80330A
80401A,80601A (CW)
80701 (CW)
-70
-64
-60
-50
-40
-40
-30
-67
-64
-60
-54
-50
-40
-30
-30
-20
-57
-54
-50
-44
-40
-30
-20
-20
-10
-47
-44
-40
-34
-30
-20
-10
-10
0
-37
-34
-30
-24
-20
-10
0
0
10
-27
-25
-20
-14
-10
0
0
10
20
-17
-16
-10
-4
0
10
20
20
-7
-7
0
6
10
20
20
30
3
3
10
16
20
30
40
40
13
13
20
26
30
40
44
50
20
20
Input (dBM)
SENSORS
Typical Error (dB)
System Linearity at 50 MHz: ±0.02 dB over any 20 dB range from -70 to +16 dBm
±0.02 dB (±.05 dB/dB) from +16 to +20 dBm
±0.04 dB from -70 to +16 dBm
The following chart shows linearity plus worst case zero set and
noise vs. input power.
Introduction
1
Temperature Coefficient of
Linearity: <0.3%/ °C temperature change following Power Sweep
calibration. 24-hour warm-up required.
Zeroing Accuracy: (CW)
Zero Set: <±50 pW, <± 100 pW with 80400A, 80600A series Modulation
Power Sensors.
<±200 pW with 80700A Series Sensors.
<±100 pW during 1 hour
Zero Drift (during 1 hour): <±200 pW with 80400A and 80600A Series Modulation Sensors
<±400 pW with 80700A Series Sensors
Noise: <±50 pW, <±100 pW with 80400A and 80600A Series
modulation power sensors.
<±200 pW with 80700A Series Sensors.
Measurable over any 1 minute interval after zeroing, three
standard deviations.
Notes:
1. Depending on sensor used (see Power Sensor details in Appendix B).
2. Zero Drift Measurement
a. Set the meters Average to 512. Perform Calibration. Connect a 50-ohm load to the sensor after Calibration and
Zero meter.
b. Temperature stabilize at 25 °C for 24 hours.
c. After the 24 hour stabilization, perform a Zero Drift test.
d. Zero the meter and take an initial measurement reading.
e. Continue taking one reading every 10 minutes until 6 readings have been taken.
Plot the 6 readings, Zero Drift should be ±200pW or ±400pW, depending on the sensor.
Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001 1-9
Series 8650A Universal Power Meters
Measurement Rates
Table 1-1 illustrates typical maximum measurement rates for different measurement collection modes.
The rate of measurement depends on several factors including the controller speed and the number of
averages. The Fast Buffered Mode speed does not include bus communication time. Measurement speed
increases significantly using the 8650A Fast Buffered Mode. Storing data in the power meter’s memory
for later downloading to your controller reduces GPIB protocol overhead. Up to 5000 readings can be
buffered.
Table 1-1: Measurement Rates
Measurement
Collection Mode
Normal (TR3), Continuous Single
Readings
Swift Mode, Continuous or
Buffered, Bus/TTL triggered >1750 800
Fast Buffered Mode, Buffered Data, Time
Interval = 0
Fast Modulated Mode, Continuous Single
Readings
Readings per Second
(CW Measurement)
>300 150
26,000 N/A
N/A 800
Readings per Second
(MAP, PAP, BAP
Measurement)
Individual data points are read immediately after measurement in the Normal mode. The Normal mode
and the Swift mode both slow down at low power levels (<-37 dBm for Standard Sensors) to average the
effects of noise. The Swift mode allows triggering of individual data points and can store the data in the
8650A memory. Measurement timing of individual data points is controlled by setting the time interval
(0 to 5000 ms) between the data points following a trigger.
Remote Operation
GPIB Interface: All front panel operations and some GPIB-only operations to be
Interrupts: SRQs are generated for the following conditions:
remotely programmed in IEEE 488.2 or IEC-625 formats.
Power Up, Front Panel key actuation, Operation Complete and
Illegal Command.
Fast Buffered Mode Controls
Trigger Source: TTL or GPIB
Data Buffer Control: Pre- or Post-measurement data is collected immediately either
Time Interval: TIME ### - controls time interval in milliseconds between
1-10 Manual 31470, Rev. E, April 2001
before or after receipt of the TTL or GPIB trigger.
measurements. Accurate to 5%, typical.
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