Gigahertz Solutions HF W 35C, HF32D, HF58B, HF59B, HF58B-r Instruction Manual

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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
HF W 35C
HF-Analyser for Frequencies from 2.4 to 6 GHz
Instruction Manual
Revision 4.7 This manual will be continuously updated, improved and expanded. You will find the current version at your local distributors homepage or at www.gigahertz-solutions.de
Please carefully review the manual before using the device. It contains important advice for use, safety and maintenance of the device. In addition it provides the background information necessary to make reliable measurements.
© by GIGAHERTZ SOLUTIONS GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution in part or total without editor’s written permission.
Professional Technology
With the HF analyzers, GIGAHERTZ SOLU­TIONS Professional measurement engineering is offered with a unique price/performance ratio
- the only one of its kind worldwide. This was made possible through the consistent use of innovative integrated components, as well as highly sophisticated production engineering. Some features have patents pending.
The HF analyzer you purchased allows a competent assessment of HF exposures be­tween 2.4 and 6 GHz, a range containing Bluetooth / WLAN, WIMAX, some beam radio and Radar frequencies. Lower frequencies
(like e.g. cellular phone frequencies, TV, DECT) are suppressed, which means they are not audible in the Audio Frequency Analysis. This is to avoid falsification of the
reading.
We appreciate the confidence you have shown in purchasing this instrument. With the confidence that your expectations will be met, we wish you great success in collecting valuable information with this HF analyzer.
If you should encounter any problems, please contact us immediately. We are here to help. For your local partner please check:
www.gigahertz-solutions.com
Alternatively you can always turn directly:
GIGAHERTZ SOLUTIONS GmbH, Germany D-90579 Langenzenn, Am Galgenberg 12 www.gigahertz-solutions.com
©
sets new standards in HF testing.
Contents
Functions & Controls 2
Getting Started 3
Introduction to Properties and Measurement of HF Radiation 4
Step-by-Step-Instruction to HF-Measurement 5
Limiting values, recommendations and precautions 8
Audio Frequency Analysis 9
Permanently low display values? 10
Further Analysis / Opt. Accessories 11
Power Supply 11
Remediation and Shielding 11
Warranty 12
Conversion tables 13
Safety Instructions:
It is imperative to carefully study the instruction manual prior to using the HF analyzer. Important information regarding safety, use and maintenance is provided herein.
The HF analyzer should never come into contact with water or be used outdoors during rain. Clean the case only from the outside, using a slightly moist cloth. Do not use cleaners or sprays.
Prior to cleaning the HF analyzer or opening the case, shut it off and unplug all extension cords. There are no user­serviceable parts inside the instrument.
Due to the high sensitivity level, the electronics of the HF analyzer are very sensitive to heat, impact as well as touch. Therefore do not leave the instrument in the hot sun, on a heating element or in other damaging environments. Do not let it drop or try to manipulate its electronics inside when the case is open.
This HF analyzer should only be used for the purposes de­scribed in this manual and only in combination with supplied or recommended accessories.
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 1
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
Functions and Controls
1) Volume control for the audio analysis. Active, when switch “Mode” is set to the position “
Contents of the package
Instrument
Attachable antenna
Alkaline Manganese (AlMn) 9 V battery
2) Selector switch for signal evaluation.
(inside the meter )
Standard setting: “Peak”.
Comprehensive instruction manual
3) The measurement range selected is indi­cated by a small horizontal bar, the units are µW/m².
4) Connecting socket for the antenna.
5) Measurement range selector switch 1999 µW/m² (“coarse”)
199.9 µW/m² (“fine”)
6) ON/OFF switch. In middle switch-
position . . .., the audio analysis mode
is activated. In upper position ting, you can additionally hear a signal proportional to the field strength
. set-
1
. This in-
strument has an “Auto-Power-Off func-
2
tion“
.
7) Signal fraction
3
: The switch-position “Full” shows the total power flux density of all signals in the respective frequency range, the switch position “Pulse” only shows the amplitude modulated (pulsed) part. Caution: Pre-amplifiers only to be used in the switch position “Pulse”
The original printwork on the housing is in English, of course.
The HF component of the testing instru­ment is shielded against interference by an internal metal box at the antenna input (shielding factor ca. 35 – 40 dB)
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 2
1
For this feature the volume control should be turned down completely because otherwise the sound mixes with the “audio analysis”. Similar to Geiger counter.
Typical default settings are marked yellow.
Check the HF analyzer and its antenna by
following the instructions under
“Getting Started.“
2
The instrument switches off after about 30 minutes to avoid unintentional discharge of the battery. If the charge condition of the battery is too low, which is indicated by “LOW BATT” on the display, the device will switch off after only few minutes to avoid total discharge.
3
Implemented as new feature from November 2007
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
Getting Started
Connecting the Antenna
Screw the angle SMA-connector of the an­tenna connection into the uppermost right socket of the HF analyzer. It is sufficient to tighten the connection with the tightening aid. Do not use a wrench or other tools be­cause over tightening may damage the threads.
The radiation in the frequency rang of this instrument are normally vertically polarized. An orientation of the antenna suitable for this is as shown in the following picture:
For horizontal orientation of the antenna you should rotate the instrument rather than twisting the cable. The LED at the front of the antenna indicates a good connection, which is essential for an accurate measurement!
Do not touch the cable while measuring.
Remarks concerning the antenna
The SMA connector of the antenna to the instrument of the highest industrial quality available. Also the “semi rigid” cable has the best technical parameters in the instrument’s frequency range. It is designed for several hundred changes of orientation without ef-
Do not twist the antenna cable
or bend it sharply!
fects for the accuracy of the measurement. For the special design of the second con­necting cable we have a patent pending. The objective is to reduce an inherent weakness of “simple-log.per” antenna designs made of PCB material. For radiation incoming at an angle to the main direction normal designs pick up signals also below the design fre­quency range, which can falsify the meas­urement. This antenna suppresses this by 15 to 20 dB in addition to the approx. 40 dB of the high pass filter.
Checking Battery Status
When the “LOW BATT“ indicator appears in the center of the display, measurement val­ues are not reliable anymore. In this case the battery needs to be changed.
If there is nothing displayed at all upon switching the analyzer on, check the connec­tions of the battery. If that does not help try a new battery.
Remember that rechargeable batteries only have about a quarter of the capacity of the recommended AlMn-batteries.
Note
Each time you make a new selection (e.g. switch to another measurement range) the display will systematically overreact for a moment and show higher values that droop down within a couple of seconds.
The instrument is now ready for use.
In the next chapter you will find the basics
for true, accurate HF-measurement.
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 3
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
measured values of the other and vice versa. In
Properties of HF Radiation…
For in-depth information on the subject of “Electro Smog” from high frequency radiation refer to the extensive literature. This instruc­tion manual focuses on those properties that are particularly relevant for measurements in residential settings.
Across the specified frequency range (and beyond), HF radiation causes the following effects in materials exposed to it:
1. Partial Permeation
2. Partial Reflection
3. Partial Absorption.
free field conditions one can. It is measured as power density in mW/m
2
or µW/m².
Polarization When HF radiation is emitted, it is sent off with a “polarization“. In short, the electric component of an electromagnetic wave propagates either vertically or horizontally. Cellular phone technology, which is of great­est interest to us, is usually vertically polar­ized. In urban areas, however, it sometimes is already so highly deflected that it runs al­most horizontally or at a ±45-degree angle. Due to reflection effects and the many ways in which a cellular handset can be held, we
The proportions of the various effects de­pend, in particular, on the exposed material, its thickness and the frequency of the HF radiation. Wood, drywall, roofs and windows,
also observe other polarization patterns. Therefore it is always strongly recommended to measure both polarization planes, which is defined by the orientation of the antenna.
for example, are usually rather transparent spots in a house.
A continuously updated most extensive collection of exact shielding property data of construction materials by Dr. Moldan/Prof. Pauli is available under www.drmoldan.de in English).
(the file is also available
Fluctuations with Regards to Space and Time
Amplification or cancellation effects can oc­cur in certain spots, especially within houses. This is due to reflection and is dependent on the frequencies involved. Most transmitters or cellular handsets emit different amounts of
Minimum Distance
In order to measure the quantity of HF radia­tion in the common unit “power density“
energy during a given day or over longer pe­riods of time, because reception conditions and network usage change constantly.
(W/m²), a certain distance has to be kept from the HF source. It is important to keep a minimum distance of one to two meters be­tween the HF35C and the source of radia­tion.
Background: Close to the source the electrical and the magnetic field have to be measured separately; one cannot calculate the one from the
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 4
All the above-mentioned factors affect the measurement technology and especially the procedure for testing. This is why in most cases several testing sessions are necessary.
…and Consequences for Meas­uring HF Radiation
When testing for HF exposure levels in an apartment, home or property, it is always recommended to record individual measure­ments on a data sheet. Later this will allow you to get a better idea of the complete situation.
It is important to repeat measurements several times: First, choose different day­times and weekdays in order not to miss any of the fluctuations, which sometimes can be quite substantial. Second, once in a while, measurements should also be repeated over longer periods of time, since a situation can literally change “overnight.“
Furthermore you should be aware that taking measurements indoors adds another dimen­sion of testing uncertainties to the specified accuracy of the used HF analyzer due to the narrowness of indoor spaces. According to the “theory“ quantitatively accurate HF measurements are basically only reproduci­ble under so-called “free field conditions”, yet we have to measure HF inside buildings because this is the place where we wish to know exposure levels. In order to keep sys­tem-immanent measurement uncertainties as low as possible, it is imperative to carefully follow the measurement instructions.
As mentioned earlier in the introduction, only slight changes in the positioning of the HF analyzer can lead to rather substantial fluc­tuations in measurement values. (This effect is even more prevalent in the ELF range.) It is
suggested that exposure assessments are based on the maximum value within a lo­cally defined area even though this particu-
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
lar value might not exactly coincide with a particular point of interest in, for example, the head area of the bed.
The above suggestion is based on the fact that slightest changes within the environment can cause rather major changes in the power density of a locally defined area. The person who performs the HF testing, for example, affects the exact point of the maximum value. It is quite possible to have two differ­ent readings within 24 hours at exactly the same spot. The maximum value across a locally defined area, usually changes only if the HF sources change, which is why the latter value is much more representative of the assessment of HF exposure.
The potential shifting of local maxima needs special consideration when setting up WLAN networks.
The following guidelines are meant for meas­uring immissions in buildings, i.e. power den­sity values for comparison with recom­mended allowables.
A second application of this instrument is to locate the source and strength of a specific radiation (emission). The log.per antenna coming with this instrument is best suited for this. For defining counter measures and shielding see separate section at the end of this chapter.
Step-by-Step-Instruction to HF­Measurement
Preliminary Notes Concerning the An­tenna
Logarithmic-periodical antenna designs can be optimized for two purposes:
Direction finding (narrow opening an­gle sensitivity at the expense of measurement accuracy)
Quantitative measurements (wide an­gle sensitivity at the expense of direc­tion finding.
Our antenna strikes a good compromise be­tween the two, with very good accuracy with still good direction finding. The direction to the source can be determined with good ac­curacy, a prerequisite for remedial action.
The readings from the instrument’s display reflect the integral power density in the “an­tenna lobe”. (ie., the antenna is most sensi­tive, with a rounded peak, to radiation from a direction parallel to its axis with the sensitiv­ity tapering off rapidly with increasing angle of incidence.)
The logarithmic-periodic antenna supplied is optimized for the range 2.4 to 6 GHz 2400 to 6000 MHz).Its characteristic is compensated by circuitry within the instrument over the full range specified. This covers the following services (some only in Europe /Germany
Oct. 2006
):
as of
2412 - 2484 MHz WLAN b/g / Bluetooth 2450 MHz Microwave oven 2700 - 2900 MHz Airport Radar 2920 - 3100 MHz Nautical Radar 3410 - 3494 MHz WiMAX Low band 3510 - 3594 MHz WiMAX High band 3600 - 4200 MHz Beam radio 4200 - 4400 MHz Aviation Radar (height) 5030 - 5091 MHz MLS 5150 - 5350 MHz Wlan a/h BAND I 5470 - 5725 MHz Wlan a/h Band II 5725 - 5875 MHz WLAN
All of these are digitally pulsed and for this reason considered of special biological rele­vance by concerned physicians.
For monitoring of these critical sources of radiation as conveniently as possible the fre­quency band of the LogPer aerial supplied together with the instrument has been limited intentionally by its design to frequencies above 2.4 GHz, i.e. frequencies below 2400 MHz are suppressed by the antenna design. The suppression is additionally enforced by an internal highpass filter at 2.4 GHz. This reduces the disturbing impact of sources like radio broadcasting, television stations, ama­teur radio, cellular and DECT phones on the measurements to a minimum.
Beyond 6 GHz the sensitivity curve of an­tenna and instrument droop slowly. To make use of this fading sensitivity no lowpass filter has been built in.
In order to measure frequencies below 2.4 GHz Gigahertz Solutions offers a wide range of instruments.
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 5
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
Measurements for a Quick Overview
This is helpful to gain insight into the overall situation. Since the actual number values are of secondary interest in this phase, it is usu­ally best to simply follow the audio signals which are proportional to the field strength.
Procedure for the Quick Overview Measurement:
The HF analyzer and antenna should be checked following the instructions under “Getting Started.“
stantly moving the antenna or the HF ana­lyzer with attached antenna, in each direc­tion. This will provide you with a quick over­view of the situation. In in-door spaces, an­tenna movements towards the ceiling or the floor will reveal astonishing results.
As already mentioned above, overview measurements are not meant to provide accurate results, but to identify those zones within which local maximum values are found.
First set the measurement range (“Range Selection”) switch to “1999 µW/m²” (coarse). In this phase measurements beyond the range of the display do not matter, as the
Quantitative Measurement
Settings
loudness of the monitoring tone is still pro­portional up to beyond 6000
µW/m². Only if
the displayed measurement values are per­sistently below approx. 10 the measurement range “199.9
µW/m², change to
µW/m²” (fine).
Note: When switching from the range “1999
µW/m²” to “199.9 µW/m²”, the volume
of the audio signal increases sharply.
Set the “Signal Evaluation” switch to “Peak”
HF radiation exposure can differ at each point and from all directions. Even though the HF field strength of a given space changes far more rapidly than at lower frequencies, it is neither feasible nor necessary to measure all directions at any given point.
Since there is no need to look at the display during an overview measurement, you only need to listen to the audio signal. It is very easy to walk slowly through in-door or out­door spaces in question. In doing so con-
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 6
After having identified the measurement points subject to closer investigation follow­ing the instructions in the previous section, quantitative precise measurements can be started.
Setting:
Measurement Range Selection
Select the appropriate switch settings as described under “Quick Overview Measure­ments“. Basic rule for measurement range selection:
- As coarse as necessary, as fine as possible.
Note:
Power densities beyond the designed range of the instrument (display shows “1” on its left side with the range set on “1999 µW/m²”) can still be measured by inserting the attenu-
ator DG20_G6, available as an optional ac­cessory. When using this attenuator, multiply the displayed power flux density by 100 to calculate the actual measurement. If more sensitivity is needed then use the pre­amplifier use the pre-amplifier HV20_2400G10 and divide the reading by
100.
Setting:
Signal Evaluation
Signal Evaluation – Average / Peak
A pulsed signal consists of sections of its time period with high output and another sections with zero output. Their maximum output is the wave peak. The following illus­tration shows the difference in the evaluation of a pulsed signal if displayed as an average value reading or a peak value reading.
peak value: 10
avg. value: 1
HF-energy in µW/qm
e.g. 1 pulse every 10 µS
Note: The peak HF radiation value, not the average value, is regarded as the measure­ment of critical “biological effects“. The peak value is displayed in the switch setting: “Peak”. The average value is displayed in the switch setting: “Average”. It will show 1µW/m² (=(1*10)+9*0))/10).
The reading obtained with the setting “peak” with the Gigahertz instrument is often termed
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
descriptively by building biologists as “aver­age of the peak”, thus meeting the require­ments. “Official” allowables are based on consideration of averages. For assessing of ”official” measurements such comparisons are useful.
Note for users of professional spectrum analyz­ers:
For pulsed radiation Gigahertz’ HF­analyzers in switch setting “Peak” show the same value on the display as ob­tained by the “Max Peak” or “Positive Peak” Detector of a modern spectrum analyzer (calculated into µW/m²).
The setting “average” corresponds to the setting “RMS-detector” of modern spec­trum analyzers.
Quantitative Measurement:
Determination of Total High Frequency Pollution
As described in Getting Started, attach the LogPer antenna to the HF analyzer. Hold the HF analyzer with a slightly outstretched arm because objects (mass) directly behind it “like yourself”, have effects on the testing result. Your hand should not get too close to the antenna, but should be near the bottom end of the instrument.
In the area of a local maximum, the posi­tioning of the HF analyzer should be changed until the power density (the most important measurement value) can be located. This can be achieved as follows:
- When scanning “all directions“ with the
LogPer to locate the direction from which the major HF emission(s) originate, move your wrist right and left. For emission sources behind your back, you have to turn around and place your body behind the HF analyzer.
In building biology, it is well accepted that
exposure limit comparisons should be
based on the maximum value emitted
from the direction of the strongest
radiation source.
Quantitative Measurement:
Special Case: Radar
For air and sea navigation a radar antenna slowly rotates around its own axis, thereby emitting a tightly bundled “radar ray“. Even with sufficient signal strength, this ray can only be detected every couple of seconds, for a few milliseconds. This requires special measurement technology.
Please use the following procedure to ensure correct readings:
Setting: “Signal Evaluation” – “Peak”. With the help of the audio analysis (a very short “Beep” every couple of seconds), one can clearly identify a radar signal. With this set­ting and the LogPer antenna you can identify the direction of the source of the signal.
- Through rotating the HF analyzer, with at-
tached LogPer antenna, around its longi­tudinal axis, determine the polarization plane of the HF radiation.
- Change the measurement position and avoid measuring exclusively in one spot.. because that spot may have local or an­tenna-specific cancellation effects.
Some manufacturers of field meters propa­gate the idea that the power density should be obtained by taking measurements of all three axes and calculating the result. Most manufacturers of professional testing equip­ment, however, do not share this view.
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 7
The long delays between pulses may con­sume a great deal of time trying to detect signal direction with a LogPer aerial.
If you have identified the direction of highest radiation peaks, then keep holding the in­strument into that direction and take a note of the highest reading you get as a basis for the evaluation of the radiation.
Depending on the type of radar, the average level can be up to 10 dB or 10 times lower than the actual peak power density, some­times even more. To be on the safe side one should multiply the radar peaks (i.e. peak minus background radiation between pulses)
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
by ten and compare this value with limits or recommendations.
Please note that there are Radar systems that are operated at even higher frequencies that can be measured with this instrument, yet possibly not the full intensity.
Quantitative Measurement:
Identify where the radiation enters a struc­ture
As a first step eliminate sources from within the same room (e.g. cordless phones, wire­less routers, etc.) Once this is completed, the remaining radiation will originate from out­side. For remedial shielding it is important to identify those areas of all walls (including doors, windows and window frames!), ceiling and floor, which are penetrated by the radia­tion. To do this one should not
stand in the centre of the room, measuring in all direc­tions from there, but monitor the permeable areas with the antenna (log.-per.) directed and positioned close to the wall
2
. That is be­cause the antenna lobe widens with increas­ing frequency. In addition reflections and cancellations inside rooms make it difficult and often impossible to locate the “leaks” accurately. See the illustrating sketch below!
antenna
wall
potentially HF-permeable part of the wall
wrong!
right!
The uncertainty of localization with HF- antennas
antenna
wall
potentiell durchlässiger Bereich
The shielding itself should be defined and surveyed by a specialist and in any case the area covered by it should be much larger than the area of incidence.
Limiting values, recommenda­tions and precautions
Precautionary recommendation
for sleeping areas with pulsed radiation
Below 0.1 µW/m²
(“no anomaly” according to recommenda-
tions to the standard of building biology
measuring technology SBM 2003)
for indoor areas
below 1 µW/m²
(according to: Landessanitätsdirektion
Salzburg, Austria)
The official regulations in many countries specify limits far beyond the recommenda­tions of environmentally oriented, critical doctors, “building biologists” and many sci­entific institutions and also those of other countries. They are vehemently criticised, but they are nonetheless “official”. The limits de­pend on frequencies and in the HF range of interest here they are at 10 W/m² for the fre­quencies considered here, far beyond 10 million times the recommendations. Official limits are determined by the potential heat
2
Please note: In this position the readings on the LCD only indicate relative highs and lows that cannot be interpreted in absolute terms.
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 8
generation in the human body and conse­quently measurements of averages rather than peaks. This ignores the state of envi-
ronmental medicine. The “official” limits are far beyond the range of this instrument, which is optimized for accurate measurement of power densities targeted by the building biologists.
The standard SBM 2003 cited above classi­fies power densities of below 1 µW/m² as “no anomaly” for non pulsed radiation in sleeping areas, and for pulsed radiation one tenth of that.
The cerebric pulsing found in the Alpha fre­quency range (about 10 Hertz), as for in­stance used by WLAN, are considered espe­cially active. Effects on human health have
already been observed at values far below
0.1 µW/m²!
The "Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland e. V." (BUND) proposes 100 µW/m² outside buildings. In view of the shielding properties of normal building mate­rials, far lower values exist inside buildings.
In February 2002 the Medical Authority of the Federal State Salzburg, Austria, recommends to reduce its “Salzburger Precautionary Rec­ommendation” from 1 000 µW/m² to 1 µW/m² inside buildings and 10 µW/m² outside. These limits are based on empirical evidence over the past few years.
The ECOLOG-Institute in Hannover, Ger­many made a recommendation only for out­side areas, namely 10000 µW/m². This is well above the recommendation by building bi­ologists and aims at getting consent also from the industry. This would possibly enable a compromise for a more realistic limit than the government regulations cited above. The authors qualify their recommendation in
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
- The limit should be applicable to the maxi-
mum possible emission of the transmitting stations. As the emission measured de­pends on the constantly varying actual load, this restricts the normal exposure much further.
- A single station should not contribute more
than one third to this total.
- The extensive experience and findings of
medical and building biology specialists could not be considered for the proposed limits, as their results are not sufficiently documented. The authors state, that “sci­entific scrutiny of their recommendations is needed urgently”.
- Not all effects on and in cells found in their
research could be considered for the pro­posed limits, as their damaging potential could not be established with sufficient cer­tainty.
In summary it confirms the justification of precautionary limits well below the pre­sent legal limits.
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 9
Audio Frequency Analysis
Many different frequencies within the fre­quency band between 2.4 and 6 GHz, are being used by many different services. The audio analysis of the modulated portion of the HF signal, help to identify the source of a given HF radiation signal.
How to proceed:
Set the On/OFF switch at
For audio analysis, simply turn the volume knob of the speaker at the top of the case all the way to the left (“-“). If you are switching to audio analysis while high field strength levels prevail, high volumes can be generated quite suddenly. The knob is not fastened with glue to prevent over winding. However, if by accident you should turn the knob too far, simply turn it back again. No damage will be caused.
Sounds and signals are very difficult to de­scribe in writing. The best way to learn the signals is to approach known HF sources very closely and listen to their specific signal patterns. Without detailed knowledge, the characteristic signal patterns of the follow­ing HF sources can be easily identified: 2.4­GHz telephones (base station and handset) as well as cellular phones, the signal patterns of which can be divided into “a live con­nected phone call“, “stand-by mode“ and especially the “establishing of a connection“. The typical signal patterns of a cellular phone base station can also be identified this way. For comparison reasons you are well advised to take measurements during high-traffic times, as well as some times during the night, in order to familiarize yourself with the different noises.
.
The volume can be controlled with the “vol­ume” (speaker) knob. Note: The power con­sumption of the speaker is directly propor­tional to the volume.
On our home page (www.gigahertz­solutions.de) there is a link to some typical samples of audio analyses as MP3-files.
Marking of un
Un-pulsed signals (more precisely: not ampli­tude-modulated signals) by their very nature are not therefore easily missed. For that reason they are marked by a uniform “rattling” tone, with its volume proportional to its contents of the total signal. This “marking” has a frequency of 16 Hz, and an audio sample can also be downloaded as a MP3 file from our website.
If pre-amplifiers are applied with this device, the setting of the signal switch must be “Pulse”, as the “marking” feature will “inter­pret” the white noise as an unpulsed signal and thus be heard all the time. All relevant field sources in this range are pulsed anyway so there is no problem related to switch to “Pulse”.
audible in the audio analysis and
pulsed signals
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Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
Permanently low display values?
Fortunately, exposures in the frequency range of the HFW35C are not yet wide­spread. Therefore, we have often been asked whether the device does in fact work, as it rarely ever shows any values. In the following please find answers to frequently asked questions:
“The HFW35C only indicates very low measuring values”
Answer:
Naturally, the radar and directional radio fre­quencies within the frequency range of the HFW35C will only be found regionally. At present, the components for the upper WLAN band (from 5 to 6 GHz) are still difficult to obtain, so you will only encounter selective exposures in this frequency range. The Wi­MAX network (from 3 to 5 GHz) is only active in some testing locations, its extension all over the country is, however, expected to be accomplished within the coming two years. Therefore, for the time being, the HFW35C can be considered as a device enabling to exclude potential stronger exposures caused by these sources at the respective site. This already is an important information.
The presently most frequently measured ap­pliances are Bluetooth appliances found at the lowest end of the involved frequency range… Questions related to this field:
“Even when transmitting data with my notebook, only low values are shown on the display”
Answer:
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 10
Thanks to the integrated transmitting power control, the notebook won’t draw more power than needed for its communication with the remote station. However, if you measure within splitting distance to a note­book just transmitting data wireless, you will obtain values, at least in the finer measuring range.
“No measurement values obtained, even directly next to my WLAN/Bluetooth­compatible notebook…”
“…although the display indicates: ‘search­ing wireless connections’”
Answer:
While searching a network, the notebook is basically not transmitting itself, so obviously no measurements can be obtained.
“…although my notebook shows various networks with good reception”
Answer:
A notebook has no problems with the recep­tion, even if the signal strength is a factor 1000 or more below the lowest display value of the measuring device or below the build­ing biology recommendations.
“In the finer measuring range, the HFW never shows values beyond 0.3 to 0.5 µW/m² (with or without antenna)”
Answer:
This is the residual noise of the device. It would be easy to wire the display in such a way that it would approach zero as soon as only little values are shown, thus suggesting higher precision (paradoxically, the producer himself even recommends to do so!). How­ever, we do not consider this useful, and pre-
fer to indicate the residual noise the way it is. Yet, if measurements without antenna reach values beyond 0.9 µW/m² within the fine measurement range (or 9 within the coarse measurement range), you should return the device for investigation, as this does no longer correspond to the specifications.
Simple testing method:
Take measurements only few meters away from an active point of access (e.g. “DSL­WLAN-router). Its “heartbeat”, the well known “tac-tac-tac…”, will be clearly audi­ble, and the corresponding pulsed radiation measurable. If this works out, errors can be (almost) excluded, even for the highest fre­quency range. At least we have not yet had a frequency selected defect of this kind in all the years of producing HF devices.
THE solution: a pre-amplifier!
Based on the statements in the chapter “Lim­iting values, recommendations and precau­tions” about the extreme effects of WLAN signals on the human biology, an increased range appears to make sense. There is a pre­amplifier available for the amplification by a factor of 100 (HV20_2400G10). Please note: Always measure in the “Pulse”-mode when applying the pre-amplilfier.
Page 11
Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
Further Analysis / Optional Accessories:
An auxiliary attenuator to increase or de­crease the range of power densities which can be processed with this instrument is un­der development, and two pre-amplifiers for the amplification by a factor of 100 and 1000 are already available (please see above).
Instrument for lower frequencies
For measurement of signal frequencies above 27 MHz (including: CB radioing, ana­logue and digital TV and radio TETRA etc.) we offer the instruments eHFE35C and eHFE59B.
Instrument for yet higher frequencies
An instrument up to 10/12 GHz is under de­velopment for 2007.
Available for low frequencies:
Electro smog is not limited to the Radio Fre­quency range!
Power Supply
Changing the Battery
The battery compartment is at the back of the analyzer. To remove the lid, press on the grooved arrow and pull the cap off. The in­serted foam will press the battery to the lid, thus avoiding it to rattle. Therefore, when pushing back the lid you will note a little re­sistance.
Auto-Power-Off
This function conserves energy and extends the total operating time of the battery.
1. In case you have forgotten to turn OFF the HF analyzer or it has been turned ON accidentally during transport, it will shut off automatically after 40 minutes of con­tinuous use.
2. If “low batt” appears vertically between the digits in the center of the display, the HF analyzer will turn OFF after 3 min in order to avoid unreliable measurements. In that case change the battery.
Remediation and Shielding
Please call us or send us an e-mail.
We will assist you in any shielding project you might have.
The shielding effect of the various materials is stated normally in “dB”, e.g. “20 dB”.
Conversion of shielding effect into reduction of power density
„10dB“ is measured value divided by 10 “15dB” is measured value divided by ~30 ”20dB” is measured value divided by 100 ”25dV” is measured value divided by ~300 ”30dB” is measured value divided by 1000 etc.
Please be aware of the manufacturer’s notes about the normally achievable shielding ef­fects, as 100 % shielding is almost always impossible. Partial shielding reduces the at­tenuation considerably. That is why shielding of seemingly radiation tight adjacent areas is highly recommended.
Also for the low frequency range such as power (distribution and domestic installa­tions) including their higher harmonics we offer a broad range of affordably priced in­struments with high professional standards.
If you are interested please do not hesitate to contact us. Contact details can be found at the end of this brochure.
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 11
Page 12
Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
Warranty
We provide a two year warranty on factory defects of the HF analyzer, the antenna and accessories.
The analyzer is not impact proof, due to the comparatively heavy battery and the large number of wired components.
Any damage as a result of misuse is ex­cluded from this warranty
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 12
Page 13
Digital High Frequency Analyser HF W 35C
Why no column „dBm“?
Most recommended building biology values for HF radiation are given in W/m², which is why this instru­ment is displaying in power density, µW/m² resp. mW/m². A display in dBm as e.g. on a spectrum ana­lyzer requires transformation by a complicated formula, which depends on frequency and specifics of the an­tenna used. A “re sense.
conversion” therefore does not make
Conversion Table
( µW/m² to V/m )
µW/m² mV/m µW/m² mV/m µW/m² mV/m
0,01 1,94 1,0 19,4 100 194
--1,2 21,3 120 213
--1,4 23,0 140 230
--1,6 24,6 160 246
--1,8 26,0 180 261
0,02 2,75 2,0 27,5 200 275
--2,5 30,7 250 307
0,03 3,36 3,0 33,6 300 336
--3,5 36,3 350 363
0,04 3,88 4,0 38,8 400 388
0,05 4,34 5,0 43,4 500 434
0,06 4,76 6,0 47,6 600 476
0,07 5,14 7,0 51,4 700 514
0,08 5,49 8,0 54,9 800 549
0,09 5,82 9,0 58,2 900 582
0,10 6,14 10,0 61,4 1000 614
0,12 6,73 12,0 67,3 1200 673
0,14 7,26 14,0 72,6 1400 726
0,16 7,77 16,0 77,7 1600 777
0,18 8,24 18,0 82,4 1800 824
0,20 8,68 20,0 86,8 2000 868
0,25 9,71 25,0 97,1 2500 971
0,30 10,6 30,0 106 3000 1063
0,35 11,5 35,0 115 3500 1149
0,40 12,3 40,0 123 4000 1228
0,50 13,7 50,0 137 5000 1373
0,60 15,0 60,0 150 6000 1504
0,70 16,2 70,0 162 7000 1624
0,80 17,4 80,0 174 8000 1737
0,90 18,4 90,0 184 9000 1842
© Gigahertz Solutions GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn, Germany Revision 4.7 (October 2007) Page 13
Page 14
Medidores AF
(1)
CEM-Ti * Medición y Blindajes CEM * 960 913 911 * cem@teleingenieria.es
27 MHz a 10 GHz
Medidor HF HF32D HF35C HF38B HFE35C HFW35C HF58B HF58B-r HF59B HFE59B HFW59B
Sector de frecuencias (Aparato base incl. antena(s)
800 MHz - 2,5 GHz 800 MHz - 3,3 GHz 27 MHz - 2,5 GHz (HFE35C), 27 MHz - 3,3 GHz (HFE59B)
2,4 - 6 GHz (p.ej. WLAN, WiMAX) 2,4 - 10 GHz (p.ej. WLAN, WiMAX, Radar)
Rango de medición
10 - 19.990 µW/m² 1 - 1.999 µW/m²
0,1 - 199,9 µW/m² 0,01 - 19,99 µW/m² Atenuador DG20 Atenuador DG20_G10 Amplificador HV10_27G3 Preamplificadorr HV20_2400G10
Precisión
Exactitud básica incluido errores de linealidad Divergencia del punto 0 (expresado en dígitos, solo la última cifra) +/- 9 +/- 9 +/- 7 +/- 9 +/- 9 +/- 5 +/- 5 +/- 5 +/- 5 +/- 5
Antena, logarítmica periódica incluida (patentadas)
Mejor apantallamiento respecto a influencias terrestres, ondulación reducida Antena compensada (HFW: filtro de pase alto a 2,4 GHz integrado) Antena de sondeo LAT10 con característica direccional muy ajustada hasta 1,9 GHz opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc.
UBB27_G3: Antena de banda ultra ancha quasi-isotrópica de 27 MHz a 3,3 GHz
Indicador digital: en µW/m²
Análisis acústico
Señal acústica proporcional a intensidad de campo (Piezo) Señal acústica con diferenciado de frecuencias para facilitar el diagnóstico de radiaciones (altavoz de membrana de 40mm) Regulador de volumen para altavoz o cascos
(2,5 - 3,3 GHz con mayores tolerancias)
(1)
(1)
(Interconector para medir valores 100 veces mas intensos)
(como DG20 con linealidad de frecuencia mejorada y pase DC)
(Interconector para medir valores 10 veces mas debiles)
(Interconector para medir radiaciones 100 veces inferiores)
Medición sencilla Medición profesional
Valores aconsejados en cama
("idóneos") según SBM´08:
0,1 µW/m²
opc. opc. opc.
(incl. Antena, con UBB27 tolerancia aumentada por debajo de 100MHz) +/-6dB +/-6dB +/-6dB +/-6dB +/-6dB +/-4,5dB +/-4,5dB +/-3dB +/-3dB +/-3dB
(no log-per.)
*
opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc.
 
opc. opc.
opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc.
opc.
en combinación con los NFA, también es posible presentar los valores en V/m HFW59B in 2010
Page 15
Medidores AF
CEM-Ti * Medición y Blindajes CEM * 960 913 911 * cem@teleingenieria.es
27 MHz a 10 GHz
Medición sencilla Medición profesional
Medidor HF HF32D HF35C HF38B HFE35C HFW35C HF58B HF58B-r HF59B HFE59B HFW59B
Indicador digital del total de señal
(Patent Nr. DE 103 17 805)
Valor punta (Patent Nr. DE 10334886) Valor medio
(Patent Nr. DE19809784)
Mantener punta ("peak hold")
Indicador digital de la componente pulsada de señales (de la componente modulada de amplitudes, tolerancia adicional)
Valor medio / valor punta / "peak hold"
(seleccionable)
Ancho de banda video 2 MHz (Radar/UMTS-optimización de módulo), conectable*
*en este ajuste, con ruido de base aumentado en valores finos
Filtro de frecuencias para análisis selectivo de frecuencias especificado (externo)
Filtro variable VF4 (Ajuste de separación aumentado debido a mejor atenuación de 40 dB)
Filtro de frecuencias FF6 (ajustable para
Filtro de frecuencias FF6E (ajustable para
: GSM900, GSM1800, DECT, UMTS, WLAN, HP1100) pos. pos. pos. acon. acon. acon. pos.
: GSM900, GSM1800, DECT, UMTS, WLAN, HP1100, TP1100, TETRA-BOS, DVB-T) acon. acon.
Filtro de pase alto HP800_G3 para mejorar la discriminación de frecuencias por debajo de
Salidas de señal
Salida DC para archivo de datos Salida audio (señal AC modulada) para PC (con tarjeta de sonido) / auriculares / analizador de espectro Salida AC especial para serie NFA
Alimentación (Batería o. acumuladores incluidos)
9-Volt batería alcalina manganeso 9-Volt Acumuladores NiMH (cambio Cargador
(para cargar o para abastecimiento externo de tensión)
Entrada de antena con telealimentación Vida útil con una carga de batería
fácil)
(por ej. para antena activa y filtro, amplificadores etc.)
(con uso de UBB27 la mitad) 10-12h 6-7h 6-7h 6-7h 6-7h 7-8h 7-8h 7-8h 7-8h 7-8h
Maletín
Maletín acolchado K1
( medidas. 27 x 18 x 8 cm ) opc. opc.
Maletín acolchado K2 ( medidas. 33 x 27 x 16 cm ) para 2 aparatos y antena Maletín de aluminio K3 (Aluminio cepillado; medidas. 52 x 40 x 21 cm ) interior estructurable
Actualizado: 1.2.2010
800 MHz
 
pos. pos. pos. acon. acon. acon. acon.
acon. acon.
 
   
 
opc.
opc. opc. opc. opc.
opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc. opc.
opc. = opcional acon. = aconsejado pos. = posible HFW59 en 2010
Page 16
ME 30i
ME 400i
M 30i
HFEW 47C „Safelevelscout“
HFW 59B est. 2010
...
Corriente de casa
Corriente de ferrocarril
0 5Hz 16Hz 50 Hz 2KHz 30KHz 100KHz 400KHz 1MHz
...
...
Armonicos naturales
Armonicos artificiales
Bombilla de bajo consumo
Adaptador de corriente
Cocina de induccion
... ...
Normativa de TCO
Adaptador de corriente
baja frecuencia alta frecuencia
...
Radio CB, radio FM, TV
3 MHz 27MHz 800MHz 1 GHz 2,5 GHz 7 GHz 10GHz
...
TETRA , DVB-T
GSM900, DVB-T, CT1+
...
...
Radar
GSM1800,DECT, 3G
WLAN / Microonda
WLAN
WIMAX
Radar
1 D
ME 3030
ME 3830
ME 3840
ME 3851
ME 3951
est. 2010
3 D
3D-BF-analyser con datalogger
NFA 30M
NFA 400M
HF 32D
HF 35C
HF 38B
HFE 35C
HF 58B
HF58B- r
HFE 59B
est. 2010
linea profesional
HFW 35C
NFA 400
NFA 1000
www.gigahertz-solutions.de
01/2010
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