PurchaseCongratulations on the purchase of a Zoom80 series instrument.
This manual contains important safety directions as well as instructions for
setting up the product and operating it. Refer to "6 Safety Directions" for
further information.
Read carefully through the User Manual before you switch on the product.
Zoom80 | 2Introduction
Product
identification
The type and serial number of your product are indicated on the type plate.
Enter the type and serial number in your manual and always refer to this information when you need to contact your agency or GeoMax authorised service
workshop.
Type:_____________________________________
Serial No.:_____________________________________
SymbolsThe symbols used in this manual have the following meanings:
TypeDescription
DANGERIndicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not
WARNINGIndicates a potentially hazardous situation or an unin-
CAUTIONIndicates a potentially hazardous situation or an unin-
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
tended use which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.
tended use which, if not avoided, may result in minor or
moderate injury and/or appreciable material, financial
and environmental damage.
Important paragraphs which must be adhered to in practice as they enable the product to be used in a technically
correct and efficient manner.
Trademarks•Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United
States and other countries
•CompactFlash and CF are trademarks of SanDisk Corporation
•Bluetooth is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
IntroductionZoom80 | 3
Zoom80 | 4Introduction
Validity of this
manual
Description
GeneralThis manual applies to all Zoom80 series instruments and
Zoom80 C controller. Where there are differences between the
models they are clearly described.
Telescope•Measuring with IR mode: When measuring distances to
a reflector with EDM mode "IR", the telescope uses a wide
visible red laser beam, which emerges coaxially from the
telescope's objective.
•Measuring with RL mode and LO mode: When measuring distances with EDM modes "RL" and "LO", the telescope uses a narrow visible red laser beam, which
emerges coaxially from the telescope's objective.
Available
documentation
NameDescription/Format
Zoom80
Quick Guide
Zoom80 User
Manual
Zoom80
Technical
Reference
Manual
Refer to the following resources for all Zoom80 documentation/software:
•the GeoMax Zoom80 DVD
•www.geomax-positioning.com
IntroductionZoom80 | 5
Provides an overview of the product together with
technical data and safety directions. Intended as a
quick reference guide.
All instructions required in order to operate the
product to a basic level are contained in the User
Manual. Provides an overview of the product
together with technical data and safety directions.
Overall comprehensive guide to the system and
program functions. Included are detailed descriptions of special software/hardware settings and
software/hardware functions intended for technical
specialists.
-
-
Zoom80 | 6Table of Contents
Table of Contents
In this manualChapterPage
1 Description of the System
1.1 System Components11
1.2 System Concept17
1.2.1Software Concept17
1.2.2Power Concept19
1.2.3Data Storage and Data Conversion Concept20
1.3 Container Contents22
1.4 Components23
1.4.1Instrument23
1.4.2Controller26
2User Interface
2.1 Keyboard28
2.1.1Instrument28
2.1.2Controller32
2.2 Screen35
2.3 Operating Principles37
2.3.1Instrument43
11
28
2.3.2Controller44
2.4 Icons45
3Operation
3.1 Instrument Setup48
3.2 Instrument Setup for Remote Control51
3.2.1Remote Control Setup51
3.2.2LED Indicators on ZRT8054
3.3 Autodetect Behaviour56
3.4 Fixing the Controller to a Holder and Pole57
3.5 Batteries62
3.5.1Operating Principles62
3.5.2Instrument63
3.5.3Controller65
3.6 Working with the CompactFlash Card67
3.6.1Instrument68
3.6.2Controller70
3.7 Accessing Survey Application Program74
3.8 Guidelines for Correct Results77
4Check & Adjust
4.1 Overview80
4.2 Preparation84
Table of ContentsZoom80 | 7
48
80
Zoom80 | 8Table of Contents
4.3 Combined Adjustment (l, t, i, c and Aim360)86
4.4 Tilting Axis Adjustment (a)91
4.5 Adjusting the Circular Level of the Instrument and Tribrach96
4.6 Adjusting the Circular Level of the Prism Pole98
4.7 Inspecting the Laser Plummet of the Instrument99
4.8 Servicing the Tripod102
5 Care and Transport
5.1 Transport103
5.2 Storage104
5.3 Cleaning and Drying105
5.4 Maintenance107
6Safety Directions
6.1 General Introduction108
6.2 Intended Use109
6.2.1Instrument109
6.2.2Controller111
6.3 Limits of Use113
6.4 Responsibilities114
6.5 Hazards of Use116
103
108
6.6 Laser Classification122
6.6.1General122
6.6.2Distancer, Measurements with Reflectors123
6.6.3Distancer, Measurements without Reflectors125
6.6.4Aim360130
6.6.5Scout360132
6.6.6Navigation Light134
6.6.7Laser Plummet136
6.7 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC140
6.8 FCC Statement, Applicable in U.S.143
7Technical Data
7.1 Instrument147
7.1.1General Technical Data of the Instrument147
7.1.2Angle Measurement154
7.1.3Distance Measurement with Reflectors155
7.1.4Distance Measurement without Reflectors157
7.1.5Distance Measurement - Long Range (LO mode)159
7.1.6Aim360161
7.1.7Scout360165
7.1.8Scale Correction166
7.1.9Reduction Formulas172
Table of ContentsZoom80 | 9
147
Zoom80 | 10Table of Contents
7.2 Controller176
7.3 Conformity to National Regulations180
7.3.1Instrument180
7.3.2Controller181
7.3.3ZRT80183
8 International Limited Warranty, Software Licence
Agreement
Index
185
187
1 Description of the System
1.1 System Components
Main components
GGO
Tools
Zoom80 C
Zoom80_001
Component Description
Zoom80•an instrument for measuring, calculating and capturing data.
Description of the SystemZoom80 | 11
Zoom80
•comprised of various models with a range of accuracy
classes.
•combined with Zoom80 C to conduct remote control surveys.
•connected with GGO to view, exchange and manage data.
Zoom80 | 12Description of the System
Component Description
Zoom80 CA multi-purpose controller enabling the remote control of
ZRT80Device used on Zoom80 for radio communication to Zoom80 C
GGOAn office software consisting of a suite of standard and
TerminologyThe following terms and abbreviations may be found in this manual:
TermDescription
TPSTotal Station Positioning System
RCSRemote Control Surveying
GGOGeoMax Geo Office
Zoom80.
Controller.
extended programs for the viewing, exchange and management of data.
TermDescription
EDMElectronic Distance Measurement
EDM refers to the laser distancer incorporated into the
instrument which enables distance measurement.
Three measuring modes are available:
•IR mode. This mode refers to the ability to measure
distances to prisms.
•RL mode. This mode refers to the ability to measure
distances without prisms.
•LO mode. This mode refers to the visible red laser and
the ability to measure extended distances to prisms.
accXess10accXess10 refers to the Reflectorless EDM technology which
NavLightA Navigation Light fitted to an instrument assists with prism
Aim360Aim360 refers to the instrument sensor which enables the
Description of the SystemZoom80 | 13
enables an increased measuring range with a smaller laser
spot size.
targeting. It consists of two differently coloured flashing
lights located in the instrument telescope housing. The
person holding the prism can align him/herself into the
instrument’s line of sight.
automatic fine pointing to a prism.
Zoom80 | 14Description of the System
TermDescription
AutomationThree automation modes are available:
Scout360Scout360 refers to the instrument sensor which enables the
ZRT80A component of RCS is ZRT80. It is both an integrated radio
•None: - no automation and no tracking.
•Aim360: automatic fine pointing to a prism.
•Track360: automatic tracking of an already targeted
prism.
automatic rapid finding of a prism.
modem with attached antenna and instrument carry handle.
GGOThe program package GGO is used for the data exchange between the instru-
Radios for remote control (RCS) are available for the following
devices:
Radio Modem Description
ZRT80Instrument carry handle with an integrated radio modem
Zoom80 CController with an integrated radio modem and attached
All devices contain the same spread spectrum transceiver radio
modem.
ment and a computer. It contains several auxiliary programs in order to
support the instrument.
For more information about GGO refer to the comprehensive online help.
and attached radio antenna.
radio antenna. This controller has a colour display.
1.2 System Concept
1.2.1 Software Concept
DescriptionThe instrument and controller use the same software concept.
Software type
Software type Description
System
software
Language
software
Description of the SystemZoom80 | 17
This software comprises the central functions of the instrument. It is also referred to as firmware.
The programs Survey and Setup are integrated into the
firmware and cannot be deleted.
The English language is integrated into the firmware and
cannot be deleted.
Numerous languages are available for the instruments. This
software is also referred to as system language.
The system software enables a maximum of three languages
which can be stored at any one time - the English language
and two other languages. The English language is the default
language and cannot be deleted. One language is chosen as
the active language.
Software type Description
Application
programs
A suite of optional survey-specific application programs is
available for the instrument.
Some of the programs are activated freely and require no
license key and others require purchasing and are only activated with a license key.
Zoom80 | 18Description of the System
Software uploadAll instrument software is stored in the System RAM of the instrument. The
software can be uploaded onto the instrument using the following methods:
•Using GGO the software is transferred via the serial interface to the
CompactFlash card in the instrument, which is then stored to the System
RAM.
•By connecting the CompactFlash card directly to the computer either via
an internal card slot housing or an external drive, the software is transferred to the card, which is then stored to the System RAM.
Uploading firmware can take some time. Ensure that the battery is at
least 75% full before beginning the upload, and do not remove the
battery during the upload process.
1.2.2 Power Concept
GeneralUse the GeoMax batteries, chargers and accessories or accessories recom-
Power options
mended by GeoMax to ensure the correct functionality of the instrument.
TypePower supply
InstrumentOne ZBA400 battery fitting into the instrument, OR
11.5 V to 13.5 V power supply via cable.
ControllerOne ZBA200 battery fitting into the controller, OR
11.5 V to 28 V power supply via cable.
Description of the SystemZoom80 | 19
Zoom80 | 20Description of the System
1.2.3 Data Storage and Data Conversion Concept
DescriptionData is stored within a job in a database on a CompactFlash card.
Memory device
CompactFlash card: A CompactFlash card housing is standard. A Compact-
Unplugging connecting cables or removing the CompactFlash card during the
measurement may cause loss of data. Always return to the Main Menu before
removing the CompactFlash card and switch off the instrument before
removing cables.
Flash card can be inserted and removed.
Available capacity: 256 MB.
Whilst other CompactFlash cards may be used,
GeoMax recommends GeoMax CompactFlash ca rds
and cannot be held responsible for data loss or any
other error that may occur when using a nonGeoMax card.
Data conversionExport
Job data can be exported from a job in a variety of file types. A format can be
defined in GGO Format Manager. Refer to the online help of GGO Format
Manger for information on creating format files.
Import
Data can be imported from ASCII, DXF, GSI8 or GSI16 format.
Transfer raw
data to GGO
Raw data can be transferred between the database on the CompactFlash card
and GGO in two ways:
•From the CompactFlash card directly via a serial interface to a project in
GGO on a PC.
•From the CompactFlash card using for example an OMNI drive to a project
in GGO on a PC.
CompactFlash cards can directly be used in an external drive. Some PC card
drives can require an adaptor.
Description of the SystemZoom80 | 21
1.3 Container Contents
j
i
h
Container for
instrument and
accessories
Zoom80 | 22Description of the System
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Zoom80_004
a) Data transfer cable
b) ZDE100 diagonal eyepiece
c) Protective cover for instrument
d) Instrument with tribrach and ZRT80
e) Spare stylus
f) Allen key
g) CompactFlash cards and covers
h) ZCH201 battery charger
i) ZBA400 Battery
j) User manuals
1.4 Components
1.4.1 Instrument
Instrument
components
part 1 of 2
abcdefg
a) Carry handle
b) Optical sight
c) Telescope, integrating EDM, Aim360
d) NavLight flashing diode - yellow and red
e) Scout360, transmitter
f) Scout360, receiver
g) Coaxial optics for angle and distance
k) Vertical drive
l) Focusing ring
m) Battery compartment
n) Stylus for touch screen
o) Screen
p) Circular level
q) Tribrach footscrew
r) Interchangeable eyepiece
s) Keyboard
Instrument
components for
RCS
a
b
a) ZRT80
b) Bluetooth port
Description of the SystemZoom80 | 25
Upside of
a
c
d
e
b
controller
1.4.2 Controller
Zoom80 | 26Description of the System
a) Radio antenna
b) Screen
c) Keyboard
d) Bottom clips
e) LEMO port
Underside of
e
a
c
f
b
d
g
h
controller
a) Bottom spring clip for pole
holder
b) Top clips for pole holder
c) Top clips
d) Stylus
e) Bottom clips
f) LEMO port
g) Battery compartment with
Compact Flash card compart-
ment
h) Bluetooth ports (included inside
the controller)
Description of the SystemZoom80 | 27
2User Interface
2.1 Keyboard
2.1.1 Instrument
Zoom80 | 28User Interface
Keyboard
Zoom80_003
F2F1F3F4 F5F6
a
ABC DEFGHI
F12
F11
F10
F9
F8
F7
SHIFT
789
JKLMNO PQR
456
STUVWX YZ
123
/$%_
0.
CEESC
USERPROG
OFF
PgUp
PgDn
@&*?!
ON
b
c
d
e
f
g
a) Hot keys F7-F12
b) Alphanumeric keys
c) CE, ESC, USER, PROG
d) ENTER
e) Arrow keys
f) SHIFT
g) Function keys F1-F6
Keys
KeyDescription
Hot keys F7-F12•User definable keys to execute commands or
access chosen screens.
Alphanumeric keys•To type letters and numbers.
CE•Clears all entry at the beginning of user input.
•Clears the last character during user input.
ESC•Leaves the current menu or dialog without storing
changes made.
USER•Calls the user-defined menu.
PROG (ON)•If the instrument is off: to turn instrument on.
•If the instrument is on: press at any time to select
an application program.
User InterfaceZoom80 | 29
Zoom80 | 30User Interface
KeyDescription
ENTER•Selects the highlighted line and leads to the next
SHIFT•Changes between the first and the second level of
Arrow keys•Move the focus on the screen.
Function keys F1-F6 •Correspond to the six softkeys that appear on the
logical dialog/menu.
•Starts the edit mode for edit fields.
•Opens a list box.
function keys.
bottom of the screen when the screen is activated.
Key
combinations
KeysDescription
PROG plus USERTurns instrument off.
SHIFT F12Calls STATUS Level & Laser Plummet.
SHIFT (F11)Calls CONFIGURE Lights, Display, Beeps, Text,
SHIFT USERCalls QUICK SET Change Settings to:.
SHIFT
SHIFT
User InterfaceZoom80 | 31
Lights page.
Pages up.
Pages down.
Keyboard
Zoom80_005
F2 F1 F3 F4 F5 F6
F7
A S D F G H J K L
W Q E R
7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
0
.
T Y U I O
P
Z X C V B N M
F8
F9 F10 F11
F12
CE
ESC
USER PROG
ON
a
b
g
f
e
c
d
h
i
SHIFT
SPACE
CAPS
OFF
PgDn
PgUp
ESC
PROG
ON
j
OFF
2.1.2 Controller
Zoom80 | 32User Interface
a) Function keys F1-F6
b) Alpha keys
c) CAPS
d) Hot keys F7-F12
e) SPACE, SHIFT
f) ENTER
g) Arrow keys
h) CE, ESC, USER, PROG
i) Numeric keys
j) Windows key symbol. It is the
Microsoft flag logo located
between PROG and ESC.
Keys
KeyDescription
Function keys F1-F6 •Correspond to the six softkeys that appear on the
bottom of the screen when the screen is activated.
Hot keys F7-F12•User definable keys to execute commands or access
chosen screens.
Alpha keys•To type letters.
Numeric keys•To type numbers.
CAPS•Switches between upper case and lower case
letters.
CE•Clears all entry at the beginning of user input.
•Clears the last character during user input.
ESC•Leaves the current menu or dialog without storing
changes made.
•In the Main Menu: Turns controller off when held for
2s.
PROG (ON)•If the controller is off: to turn controller on.
•If the controller is on: Accesses the Programs
menu.
SHIFT•Changes between the first and the second level of
function keys.
User InterfaceZoom80 | 33
Zoom80 | 34User Interface
KeyDescription
SPACE•Enters a blank.
USER•Calls the user-defined menu.
Arrow keys•Move the focus on the screen.
ENTER•Selects the highlighted line and leads to the next
logical dialog/menu.
•Starts the edit mode for edit fields.
•Opens a choicelist.
Key
combinations
KeyFunction
PROG plus USERTurns controller off when pressed simultaneously.
SHIFT
SHIFT
SHIFT PROG ()
USER STAT (F3)Opens the Status Menu.
Pages up.
Pages down.
Displays the Windows desktop, task bar and start menu.
Screen
a
g
j
i
h
b
c
d
e
k
f
2.2 Screen
a) Time
b) Caption
c) Title
d) Screen area
e) Message line
f) Icons
g) ESC
h) CAPS
i) SHIFT icon
j) Quick coding icon
k) Softkeys
Elements of the
screen
ElementDescription
TimeThe current local time is shown.
CaptionShows location either in Main Menu, under PROG key or
USER key.
TitleName of the screen is shown.
User InterfaceZoom80 | 35
Zoom80 | 36User Interface
ElementDescription
Screen areaThe working area of the screen.
Message lineMessages are shown for 10 s.
IconsShows current status information of the instrument. Refer
ESC
CAPSThe caps mode for upper case letters is active.The caps
SHIFT iconShows the status of the SHIFT key; either first or second
Quick coding icon Shows the quick coding configuration. Can be used with
SoftkeysCommands can be executed using (F1)-(F6) keys. The
Scroll barScrolls the screen area up and down.
to "2.4 Icons". Can be used with touch screen.
Can be used with touch screen. Same functionality as the
fixed key ESC. The last operation will be undone.
mode is activated and deactivated by pressing
UPPER(F5) or LOWER(F5) in some screens.
level of softkeys is selected. Can be used with touch screen
and has the same functionality as the fixed key SHIFT.
touch screen to turn quick coding on and off.
commands assigned to the softkeys are screendependent. Can be used directly with touch screen.
2.3 Operating Principles
Keyboard and
touch screen
Selecting
from a menu
The user interface is operated either by the keyboard or by the touch screen
with supplied stylus. The workflow is the same for keyboard and touch screen
entry, the only difference lies in the way information is selected and entered.
AppearanceDescription
To select an item from a menu, do one of the
following:
Move the focus to the item. ENTER or CONT
(F1).
OR
Type the complete selection number in front of
the item. ENTER or CONT (F1) are not
required.
OR
Tap on the item with the stylus.
User InterfaceZoom80 | 37
Zoom80 | 38User Interface
Edit an entire
value in input
fields
Selecting a page
AppearanceDescription
1) Highlight the field.
2) Type numeric and/or alphanumeric characters
to overwrite.
3) ENTER or tap outside of the field.
AppearanceDescription
To select a page in a screen, do one of the
following:
PAGE(F6).
OR
Tap on the page tab with the stylus.
Edit an individual
character in input
fields
AppearanceDescription
A character can be inserted or overwritten. The
procedure is the same for both cases.
1) Highlight the field.
1) For the keyboard: ENTER. The edit mode is
activated where additional functions like insert
and overwrite are available.
1) For the touch screen: Highlight the characters
to be changed.
1) Type numeric and/or alphanumeric characters.
1) ENTER or tap outside of the field.
User InterfaceZoom80 | 39
Zoom80 | 40User Interface
Access special
alphanumeric
characters for
input
StepDescription
1.Highlight the input field.
2.For the keyboard: ENTER.
3.Toggle to the desired special character set by using the up/down
arrow keys.
4.Press the function key assigned to the required character group.
5.Press the function key with the required character.
6.Repeat step 4. and 5. for entering more special characters of the
same character set.
7.ENTER.
Appearance and
selection from a
choicelist
Choicelists have various appearances.
Closed choicelist
AppearanceDescriptionSelection
Triangles on the right
indicate further available
choices.
ENTER or tap on the field to access the choicelist. Opening a choicelist reveals
either a simple listbox or a comprehensive listbox dialog.
Simple listbox
AppearanceDescriptionSelection
•Choicelist shows
items to select.
•A search field is
shown if necessary.
•A scroll bar is shown
if necessary.
User InterfaceZoom80 | 41
Use the arrow keys
to change through the
list or tap the triangles
on the screen.
•Highlight the item
and ENTER.
•To exit without
changes ESC, tap
or outside the simple
listbox.
Listbox dialog
AppearanceDescriptionSelection
•Choicelist fills the
whole screen.
•A search field is
shown.
•A scroll bar is shown
if necessary.
•The functionality
comprises adding,
editing and deleting
of items.
•Listbox dialogs are
explained in detail at
appropriate places in
the manuals.
•Highlight the item
and CONT (F1).
•To exit without
changes press ESC
or tap .
Zoom80 | 42User Interface
2.3.1 Instrument
Turn instrument onPress and hold PROG for 2 s.
Turn instrument
off
step-by-step
Lock/Unlock
keyboard
StepDescription
1.Press and hold both USER and PROG simultaneously.
2.Press YES (F6) to continue or NO (F4) to cancel.
OptionDescription
LockTo lock the keyboard press and hold SHIFT for 3 s. The message
Unlock To unlock the keyboard press and hold SHIFT for 3 s. The message
The instrument can only be turned off in the Main Menu.
OR
Press ESC for more than 2 s.
’Keyboard locked’ is momentarily displayed on the Message Line.
’Keyboard unlocked’ is momentarily displayed on the Message Line.
User InterfaceZoom80 | 43
2.3.2 Controller
Turn controller on Press PROG (ON) on the keyboard.
Zoom80 | 44User Interface
Turn controller off
OptionDescription
Turn
controller
off
Auto power
down
The controller can only be turned off in the Main Menu screen or
in the Windows CE desktop.
Press and hold both USER and PROG simultaneously.
OR
Press and hold ESC for 2 s.
Option to set shutdown and sleep events after user defined
duration of instrument inactivity.
2.4 Icons
j
a
b c d e f g h i
k
DescriptionThe screen icons display the status information of the instrument.
Position of the
icons on the
screen
Icons
a) Aim360/Track360/Scout360
b) Reflector
c) EDM
d) Compensator/face I&II
e) Remote control, available on
Zoom80 C
f) Bluetooth
g) Line/area
h) CompactFlash card
i) Battery
j) SHIFT
k) Quick coding
IconDescription
Aim360/Track360/
Scout360
ReflectorThe currently active reflector is displayed.
User InterfaceZoom80 | 45
The currently active Aim360/Track360/Scout360
settings or searches are displayed.
Zoom80 | 46User Interface
IconDescription
EDMThe currently active EDM measurement settings are
Compensator/face
I&II
Remote controlRemote control is turned on.
BluetoothThe status of each Bluetooth port and any Bluetooth
Line/areaThe number of lines and areas currently open in the
CompactFlash card The status of the CompactFlash card is displayed.
BatteryThe status and source of the battery is displayed. The
SHIFTThe status of the SHIFT key is displayed.
displayed.
Compensator off, out of range or face I&II icon is
displayed.
connection is displayed.
active job is displayed.
•For the CompactFlash card, the capacity of used
space is shown in seven levels.
percentage of remaining power capacity for all
batteries is displayed numerically and graphically. For
internal and external battery being attached at the
same time the internal battery is used until it is empty
and then the external battery is used.
IconDescription
Quick codingShows the quick coding configuration. Can be used
User InterfaceZoom80 | 47
with touch screen to turn quick coding on and off.
3Operation
3.1 Instrument Setup
Zoom80 | 48Operation
DescriptionThis topic describes an instrument setup over a marked ground point using the
laser plummet. It is always possible to set up the instrument without the need
for a marked ground point.
Important features
•It is always recommended to shield the instrument from direct sunlight and
avoid uneven temperatures around the instrument.
•The laser plummet described in this topic is built into the vertical axis of
the instrument. It projects a red spot onto the ground, making it appreciably easier to centre the instrument.
•The laser plummet cannot be used with a tribrach equipped with an optical
plummet.
Setup
step-by-step
SHIFT
F12
3
2
7
6
Zoom80_006
1
1
1
5
4
5
5
StepDescription
Shield the instrument from direct sunlight and avoid uneven temperatures around the instrument.
1.Extend the tripod legs to allow for a comfortable working posture.
Position the tripod over the marked ground point, centring it as well
as possible.
2.Fasten the tribrach and instrument onto the tripod.
OperationZoom80 | 49
Zoom80 | 50Operation
StepDescription
3.Turn on the instrument by pressing PROG for 2 s. Press SHIFT (F12)
4.Move the tripod legs (1) and use the tribrach footscrews (6) to centre
5.Adjust the tripod legs to level the circular level (7).
6.By using the electronic level turn the tribrach footscrews (6) to
7.Centre the instrument precisely over the ground point (4) by shifting
8.Repeat steps 6. and 7. until the required accuracy is achieved.
to access STATUS Level & Laser Plummet, activating the laser
plummet.
the plummet (4) over the ground point.
precisely level the instrument.
the tribrach on the tripod plate (2).
Attaching the
2
2
2
3
4
1
Zoom80_007
ZRT80 to the
instrument
3.2 Instrument Setup for Remote Control
3.2.1 Remote Control Setup
StepDescription
1.Place the ZRT80 onto the instrument by simultaneously pressing and
Refer to "3.1 Instrument Setup" for the initial instrument setup onto
a tripod. Remove the instrument carry handle by simultaneously
pressing and holding-in the four push buttons.
holding-in the four push buttons.
OperationZoom80 | 51
StepDescription
2.Swing the ZRT80 antenna into an upright position.
Ensure that the interface connection on the underside of the ZRT80
is on the same side as the Bluetooth port.
Zoom80 | 52Operation
Instrument setup
for Remote
Control
a
e
f
g
b
h
c
d
a) 360° prism
b) Prism pole
c) Zoom80 C controller
d) ZHR102 holder
e) ZRT80
f) Bluetooth port
g) Zoom80 instrument
003630_001
h) Tripod
OperationZoom80 | 53
3.2.2 LED Indicators on ZRT80
abcd
Zoom80 | 54Operation
LED IndicatorsDescri pt ion
The ZRT80 has Light Emitting Diode indicators. They indicate the basic ZRT80
status.
Diagram of the LED Indicators
a)Power LED
b)Link LED
c)Data Transfer LED
d)Mode LED
Description of the LED Indicators
IF theisTHEN
Power LEDoffpower is off.
greenpower is on.
Link LEDoffno radio link to remote controller.
redradio link to remote controller.
Data Transfer LED offno data transfer to/from remote
green or
green flashing
Mode LEDoffdata mode.
redconfiguration mode.
OperationZoom80 | 55
controller.
data transfer to/from remote controller.
3.3 Autodetect Behaviour
Zoom80 | 56Operation
Description•The instrument incorporates an autodetect behaviour and automatically
ZRT80•ZRT80 is automatically detected by the instrument when it is attached and
detects the following device:
•ZRT80
•Whenever a device is attached, the instrument responds with two short
beeps.
•Whenever a device is removed, the instrument responds with one long
beep.
Attaching the
controller to the
holder
step-by-step
StepDescription
1.Remove holder from the travel container.
2.Insert the pole into the clamp hole.
3.Tighten the clamp with the tightening screw.
4.Adjust the angle and height of the mounting plate and holder on the
5.Tighten holder with the tightening screw.
6.Before the controller is placed onto the mounting plate ensure that
pole to comfort.
Once tightened, the tightening screw can be slightly loosened to
change the position of the handle for more comfort.
A locking mechanism is incorporated in the mounting plate of the
holder.
the locking pin is put into the unlocked position. To unlock the locking
pin, push down the red button situated on top of the mounting plate.
StepDescription
7.Hold the controller above the holder and lower the end into the
holder.
8.Apply slight pressure in a downward direction
and then lower the top part of controller until the
unit is clicked into the holder. The guides of the
holder aid in this action.
003659_001
OperationZoom80 | 59
Zoom80 | 60Operation
StepDescription
9.After the controller is placed onto the mounting plate ensure that the
locking pin is put into the locked position. To lock the locking pin,
push up the red button from below.
Detaching the
controller from
the holder stepby-step
StepDescription
1.Unlock the locking pin by pushing down the red button situated on
top of the mounting plate.
2.Place the palm over the top of the controller until the fingers grip the
bar of the holder under the controller.
3.Push the top of the controller toward the bar of the holder.
4.While in this position, raise the top of the
controller from the holder.
1
003661_001
2
OperationZoom80 | 61
3.5 Batteries
3.5.1 Operating Principles
Zoom80 | 62Operation
Charging / firsttime use
Operation /
Discharging
•The battery must be charged prior to using it for the first time because it
is delivered with an energy content as low as possible.
•The permissible temperature range for charging is between 0°C to
+40°C/+32°F to +104°F. For optimal charging we recommend charging
the batteries at a low ambient temperature of +10°C to +20°C/+50°F to
+68°F if possible.
•It is normal for the battery to become warm during charging. Using the
chargers recommended by GeoMax, it is not possible to charge the battery
if the temperature is too high.
•For new batteries or batteries that have been stored for a long time (>
three months), it is effectual to make only one charge/discharge cycle.
•For Li-Ion batteries, a single discharging and charging cycle is sufficient.
We recommend carrying out the process when the battery capacity indicated on the charger or on a GeoMax product deviates significantly form
the actual battery capacity available.
•The batteries can be operated from -20°C to +55°C/-4°F to +131°F.
•Low operating temperatures reduce the capacity that can be drawn; high
operating temperatures reduce the service life of the battery.
Insert and
2
6
1
7
Zoom80_008
3
5
4
remove battery
step-by-step
3.5.2 Instrument
StepDescription
1.Face the instrument so that the vertical drive screw is on the left. The
battery compartment is now on the left side of the instrument. Turn
the knob to the vertical position, opening the lid of the battery
compartment.
2.Pull out the battery housing.
3.Pull the battery from the battery housing.
OperationZoom80 | 63
Zoom80 | 64Operation
StepDescription
4.A pictogram of the battery is displayed inside the battery housing.
5.Place the battery into the battery housing, ensuring that the contacts
6.Place the battery housing into the battery compartment. Push the
7.Turn the knob to lock the battery compartment. Ensure that the knob
This is a visual aid to assist in placing the battery correctly.
are facing outward. Click the battery into position.
battery housing in until it fits completely into the battery compartment.
is returned to its original horizontal position.
Insert and
2
4
5
6
3
remove battery
step-by-step
3.5.3 Controller
StepDescription
1.Turn the controller over to gain access to the battery compartment.
2.Push the slide fastener in the direction of the arrow with the open-
3.Open the battery compartment.
OperationZoom80 | 65
lock symbol.
Zoom80 | 66Operation
StepDescription
4.Pull the battery from the battery compartment.
5.A pictogram of the battery is displayed inside the battery compart-
6.Place the battery into the battery compartment with the GeoMax logo
7.Close the battery compartment by pushing the slide fastener in the
ment. This is a visual aid to assist in placing the battery correctly.
facing to the left.
direction of the arrow with the close-lock symbol.
3.6 Working with the CompactFlash Card
•Keep the card dry.
•Use it only within the specified temperature range.
•Do not bend the card.
•Protect the card from direct impacts.
Failure to follow these instructions could result in data loss and/or permanent
damage to the card.
OperationZoom80 | 67
3.6.1 Instrument
Insert and
remove a
CompactFlash
card
step-by-step
Zoom80 | 68Operation
7
3
2
1
6
5
4
StepDescription
1.Face the instrument so that the vertical drive screw is on the left. The
CompactFlash card compartment is now on the right side of the
instrument. Turn the knob to the vertical position, opening the lid of
the CompactFlash card compartment.
2.Open the lid of the CompactFlash card compartment.
3.Pull the front of the CompactFlash card up and take the card out of
the lid.
StepDescription
4.Place the lower end of the CompactFlash card at the lower end of the
5.Press the card down on the lid.
6.Close the lid.
7.Turn the knob to lock the CompactFlash card compartment. The lid
CompactFlash card compartment. The extended edge of the card has
to be on the upper side as shown on the pictogram in the CompactFlash card compartment.
is closed correctly when the knob is turned to a horizontal position.
OperationZoom80 | 69
3.6.2 Controller
Insert and
remove a
CompactFlash
card
step-by-step
Zoom80 | 70Operation
4
2
11
StepDescription
1.Turn the controller over to gain access to the battery compartment.
The CompactFlash card is inserted into a slot inside the battery
compartment.
3
10
StepDescription
2.Push the slide fastener in the direction of the arrow with the open-
3.Open the battery compartment.
4.Pull the battery from the battery compartment.
5.
6.Place the battery into the battery compartment.
7.Close the compartment cover.
8.To remove the card, open the cover of the battery compartment.
9.Pull the battery from the battery compartment.
10.Press the eject button on the right side of the card slot twice.
11.Pull out the CompactFlash card.
12.Close the compartment cover.
lock symbol.
The card should be held with the label for the care instruc-
tions upwards and the contacts facing the slot.
Slide the card firmly into the slot until it clicks into position.
Do not force the card into the slot.
OperationZoom80 | 71
Zoom80 | 72Operation
Format a
CompactFlash
card
step-by-step
Formatting the CompactFlash card before starting to store data is required if a
completely new CompactFlash card is used or if all existing data needs to be
deleted.
StepDescription
1.Main Menu: Tools...\Format Memory Device.
2.TOOLS Format Memory Device
<Memory Device: CF Card>
<Format Method: Format Quick>
Select the memory device to be formatted.
3.CONT (F1).
4.YES (F4) to complete the formatting of the CompactFlash card.
By activating the format command all data will be lost. Make sure
that all important data on the CompactFlash card has been backed
up before formatting the card. Before formatting the internal
memory make sure that all important data is first transferred to the
PC.
To exit the screen without formatting the memory device, press ESC.
This returns to the previous screen without execution of any
command.
StepDescription
5.Once the formatting of the CompactFlash card is completed the
NO(F6) to abort the formatting of the CompactFlash card and return
to TOOLS Format Memory Device.
system returns to the Main Menu.
OperationZoom80 | 73
3.7 Accessing Survey Application Program
Zoom80 | 74Operation
AccessSelect Main Menu: Survey.
OR
Press PROG. Highlight Survey. CONT (F1).
SURVEY
Survey Begin
CONT (F1)
To accept changes and access the
subsequent screen. The chosen
settings become active.
CONF (F2)
To access SURVEY Configuration.
SETUP (F3)
Opens SETUP Station Setup to
set station and orientation.
Description of fields
FieldOptionDescription
<Job:>ChoicelistThe active job. All jobs from Main Menu:
<Codelist:>ChoicelistNo codes are stored in the selected <Job:>.
OutputCodes have already been stored in the
OperationZoom80 | 75
Manage...\Jobs can be selected.
All codelists from Main Menu: Manage...\Codelists can be selected.
selected <Job:>. If codes had been copied
from a System RAM codelist, then the name
of the codelist is displayed. If codes have not
been copied from a System RAM codelist but
typed in manually, then the name of the
active job is displayed.
Zoom80 | 76Operation
FieldOptionDescription
<Config Set:>ChoicelistThe active configuration set. All configura-
<Reflector:>ChoicelistDisplays the active reflector. All reflectors
<Add.
Constant:>
Next step
CONT (F1) to access SURVEY Survey: Job Name, where measurements ca n
be performed with ALL (F1) or DIST (F2) and/or REC (F3).
OutputDisplays the additive constant stored with
tion sets from Main Menu: Manage...\Configuration Sets can be
selected.
The instrument has numerous user configuration parameters and functions. This allows
a variety of preferences to be addressed.
The configuration of the parameters and
functions for an individual measuring technique are combined in a configuration set.
from Main Menu: Manage...\Reflectors.
All listed reflectors can be selected.
the chosen reflector.
3.8 Guidelines for Correct Results
Zoom80_009
Distance
measurement
Very short distances may be measured reflectorless in IR mode to well
reflecting targets. Note that the distances are corrected with the additive
constant defined for the active reflector.
When measurements are being made usin g the red laser EDM, th e results can
be influenced by objects passing between the EDM and the intended target
surface. This occurs because reflectorless measurements are made to the first
surface returning sufficient energy to allow the measurement to take place. For
example, if the intended target surface is the surface of a building, but a
vehicle passes between the EDM and the target surface as the measurement
OperationZoom80 | 77
Zoom80 | 78Operation
is triggered, the measurement may be made to the side of the vehicle. The
result is the distance to the vehicle, not to the surface of the building.
If using the long range measurement mode (> 1000 m, > 3300 ft) to prisms,
and an object passes within 30 m of the EDM as the measurement is triggered,
the distance measurement may be similarly effected due to the strength of the
laser signal.
CAUTIONDue to laser safety regulations and measuring accuracy, using the Long Range
Reflectorless EDM is only allowed to prisms that are more than 1000 m
(3300 ft) away.
Accurate measurements to prisms should be made in IR mode.
When a distance measurement is triggered, the EDM measures to the object
which is in the beam path at that moment. If a temporary obstruction, for
example a passing vehicle, heavy rain, fog or snow is between the instrument
and the point to be measured, the EDM may measure to the obstruction.
Do not measure with two instruments to the same target simultaneously to
avoid getting mixed return signals.
Aim360/
Track360
The Aim360 sensor permits automatic angle and distance measurements to
prisms. The prism is sighted with the optical sight. After initiating a distance
measurement, the instrument sights the prism centre automatically. Vertical
and horizontal angles and the distance are measured to the centre of the
prism. The Track360 mode enables the instrument to follow a moving prism.
As with all other instrument errors, the collimation error of the automatic
aiming must be redetermined periodically. Refer to "4 Check & Adjust" about
checking and adjusting instruments.
When a measurement is triggered while the prism is still moving, distance and
angle measurements may not be made for the same position and coordinates
may vary.
If the prism location is changed too quickly, the target may be lost. Make sure
that the speed does not exceed the figure given in the technical data.
OperationZoom80 | 79
4Check & Adjust
4.1 Overview
Zoom80 | 80Check & Adjust
DescriptionGeoMax instruments are manufactu red, assembled and adjusted to a high quality.
Electronic
adjustment
Quick temperature changes, shock or stress can cause devi ations and d ecrease
the instrument accuracy. It is therefore recommended to calibrate t he instrument
from time to time. This can be done in the field by running through specific measurement procedures. The procedures are guided and have to be followed carefully
and precisely as described in the following chapters. Some other instrument
errors and mechanical parts can be adjusted mechanically.
The following instrument errors can be checked and adjusted electronically:
l, tCompensator longitudinal and transversal index errors
iVertical index error, related to the standing axis
cHorizontal collimation error, also called line of sight error
aTilting axis error
Aim360Aim360 zero point error for Hz and V - option
Every angle measured in the daily work is corrected automatically if the
compensator and the Hz-corrections are activated in the instrument configuration. Select Main Menu: Config...\Instrument Settings...\Compensator
to check the settings.
View current
adjustment
errors
The currently used adjustment errors can be viewed under Main Menu:
Tools...\Check & Adjust...\Current Values.
Mechanical
adjustment
Precise
measurements
The following instrument parts can be adjusted mechanically:
•Circular level on instrument and tribrach
•Laser plummet
•Optical plummet - option on tribrach
•Allen screws on tripod
To get precise measurements in the daily work, it is important:
•To check and adjust the instrument from time to time.
•To take high precision measurements during the check and adjust procedures.
•To measure targets in two faces. Some of the instrument errors are eliminated by averaging the angles from both faces.
•Refer to "4.2 Preparation" to find more important points.
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 81
Zoom80 | 82Check & Adjust
During the manufacturing process, the instrument errors are carefully determined and set to zero. As mentioned above, these errors can change and it is
highly recommended to redetermine them in the following situations:
•Before the first use
•Before every high precision survey
•After rough or long transportation
•After long working periods
•After long storage periods
•If the temperature difference between current environment and the
temperature at the last calibration is more than 20°C
Summary of
errors to be
adjusted
electronically
Instrument errorEffects HzEffects VElimination
with two
face
measurement
c - Line of sight error---
a - Tilting axis error---
l - Compensator index error---
t - Compensator index error ---
i - Vertical index error---
Aim360 Collimation error---
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 83
Automatically
corrected
with proper
adjustment
4.2 Preparation
Zoom80 | 84Check & Adjust
Before determining the instrument errors, the instrument has to be
levelled using the electro nic leve l. SHIFT (F12) to access STATUS Level & Laser Plummet, Level page.
The tribrach, the tripod and the underground should be stable and
secure from vibrations or other disturbances.
The instrument should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid
thermal warming.
It is also recommended to avoid strong heat shimmer and air turbulence. The best conditions are early in the morning or with overcast
sky.
Before starting to work, the instrument has to become acclimatised to the
ambient temperature. Approximately two minutes per °C of temperature
difference from storage to working environment, but at least 15 min, should
be taken into account.
Even after adjustment of the Aim360, the crosshairs may not be positioned
exactly on the centre of the prism after an Aim360 measurement has been
completed. This outcome is a normal effect. The telescope is not normally positioned exactly on the centre of the prism, to speed up the Aim360 measurement. These small deviations/Aim360 offsets, are calculated individually for
each measurement and corrected electronically. This means that the horizontal and vertical angles are corrected twice: first by the determined Aim360
errors for Hz and V, and then by the individual small deviations of the current
aiming.
Next step
IF the task is toTHEN
adjust a combination of
instrument errors
adjust the tilting axisRefer to "4.4 Tilting Axis Adjustment (a)".
adjust the circular levelRefer to "4.5 Adjusting the Circular Level of the
adjust the laser/optical
plummet
adjust the tripodRefer to "4.8 Servicing the Tripod".
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 85
Refer to "4.3 Combined Adjustment (l, t, i, c and
Aim360)".
Instrument and Tribrach".
Refer to "4.7 Inspecting the Laser Plummet of the
Instrument".
Zoom80 | 86Check & Adjust
4.3 Combined Adjustment (l, t, i, c and Aim360)
DescriptionThe combined adjustment procedure determines the following instrument
Combined
adjustment
procedure
step-by-step
errors in one process:
l, tCompensator longitudinal and transversal index errors
iVertical index error, related to the standing axis
cHorizontal collimation error, also called line of sight error
Aim360 HzAim360 zero point error for horizontal angle option
Aim360 VAim360 zero point error for vertical angle option
The following table explains the most common settings.
StepDescription
1.Main Menu: Tools...\Check & Adjust...
2.TOOLS Check & Adjust Menu
Select the option: Combined (l,t,i,c,Aim)
3.TOOLS Combined I <Aim Adjust: On> Includes the determination of the Aim360 Hz
and V adjustment errors.
It is recommended to use a clean GeoMax circular prism as
target. Do not use a 360° prism.
± 9°
~ 100 m
StepDescription
4.Aim the telescope accurately at a
target at about 100 m distant. The
target must be positioned within
± 9°/± 10 gon of the horizontal
plane.
The procedure can be started in any
telescope face.
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 87
180°
180°
Zoom80 | 88Check & Adjust
StepDescription
5.MEAS (F1) to measure and to continue to the next screen.
6.TOOLS Combined IIMEAS(F1) to measure the same target in the other face and to
calculate the instrument errors.
If one or more errors are bigger than the predefined limits, the procedure has to be repeated. All measurements of the current run are
rejected and none of them is averaged with the results from previous
runs.
Instruments change automatically
to the other face.
The fine pointing has to be
performed manually in both faces.
StepDescription
7.TOOLS Adjustment Accuracy
<No.of Meas:> Shows the number of runs executed. One run
consists of a measurement in face I and face II.
< l Comp:> and similar lines show the standard deviations of the
determined adjustment errors. The standard deviations can be calculated from the second run onwards.
8.MEAS (F5) if more runs have to be added. Continue with step 3.
It is recommended to measure at least two runs.
OR
CONT (F1) to accept the measurements and to proceed to TOOLS
Adjustment Results. No more runs can be added later.
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 89
Zoom80 | 90Check & Adjust
Next step
IF the results
are
to be storedCONT (F1) overwrites the old adjustment errors with the
to be determined
again
THEN
new ones, if the Use status is set to Yes.
REDO (F2) rejects all new determined adjustment errors
and repeats the whole procedure. Refer to step 3. of paragraph "Combined adjustment procedure step-by-step".
4.4 Tilting Axis Adjustment (a)
DescriptionThis adjustment procedure determines the following instrument error:
aTilting axis error
Determination of
tilting axis error
step-by-step
The following table explains the most common settings.
StepDescription
1.Main Menu: Tools...\Check & Adjust...
2.TOOLS Check & Adjust Menu
The Hz collimation error (c) has to be determined before starting this
procedure.
Select the option: Tilting Axis (a)
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 91
StepDescription
3.TOOLS Tilting-Axis Adjustment I
Aim the telescope accurately at a
target at about 100 m distance or less
if not possible. The target must be
positioned at least 27°/30 gon above
or beneath the horizontal plane.
The procedure can be started in any
+ 27°
- 27°
telescope face.
V=90°
Zoom80 | 92Check & Adjust
180°
180°
StepDescription
4.MEAS (F1) to measure and to continue to the next screen.
5.TOOLS Tilting-Axis Adjustment IIMEAS(F1) to measure the same target in the other face and to
calculate the tilting axis error.
If the error is bigger than the pr edefi ned l imit, the pr oced ure has to
be repeated. The tilting axis measurements of the current run are
then rejected and not averaged with the results from previous runs.
Instruments change automatically
to the other face.
The fine pointing has to be
performed manually in both faces.
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 93
Zoom80 | 94Check & Adjust
StepDescription
6.TOOLS T-Axis Adjustment Accuracy
<No.of Meas:> Shows the number of runs executed. One run
consists of a measurement in face I and face II.
< a T-axis:> shows the standard deviation of the determined tilting
axis error. The standard deviation can be calculated from the second
run onwards.
7.MEAS (F5) if more runs have to be added. Continue with step 3.
It is recommended to measure at least two runs.
OR
CONT (F1) to accept the measurements and to proceed to TOOLS
T-Axis Adjustment Result. No more runs can be added later.
Next step
IF the results
are
to be storedCONT (F1) overwrites the old tilting axis error with the
to be determined
again
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 95
THEN
new one.
REDO(F2) rejects the new determined tilting axis error
and repeats the whole procedure. Refer to step of paragraph "Determination of tilting axis error step-by-step".
Adjusting the
2
1
4
4
F12
SHIFT
circular level
step-by-step
Zoom80 | 96Check & Adjust
4.5 Adjusting the Circular Level of the Instrument and
Tribrach
StepDescription
1.Place and secure the instrument into the tribrach and onto a tripod.
2.Using the tribrach footscrews, level the instrument with the electronic level. SHIFT (F12) to access STATUS Level & Laser Plummet.
3.Check the position of the circular level on the instrument and
tribrach.
StepDescription
4.a) If both circular levels are centered, no adjustments are neces-
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 97
sary.
b) If one or both circular levels are not centered, adjust as follows:
Instrument: If it extends beyond the circle, use the supplied
allen key to centre it with the adjustment screws. Turn the instrument by 200 gon (180°). Repeat the adjustment procedure if the
circular level does not stay centered.
Tribrach: If it extends beyond the circle, use the supplied allen
key to centre it with the adjustment screws.
After the adjustments, all adjusting screws should have the same
tightening tension and no adjusting screw shall be loose.
Zoom80 | 98Check & Adjust
4.6 Adjusting the Circular Level of the Prism Pole
Adjusting the
circular level
step-by-step
StepDescription
1.Suspend a plumb line.
2.Use a pole bipod, to align the prism pole parallel
3.Check the position of the circular level on the
4.a) If the circular level is centred, no adjustment
to the plumb line.
prism pole.
is necessary.
b) If the circular level is not centred, use an
allen key to centre it with the adjustment
screws.
After the adjustments, all adjusting screws must have the same
tightening tension and no adjusting screw should be loose.
4b
1
2
4a
TS_080
4.7 Inspecting the Laser Plummet of the Instrument
Inspecting the
laser plummet
step-by-step
The laser plummet is integrated into the vertical axis of the instrument. Under
normal conditions of use, the laser plummet does not need adjusting. If an
adjustment is necessary due to external influences, the instrument has to be
returned to a GeoMax service workshop.
1
SHIFT
F12
2
F6
3
5
360°
Ø 2.5 mm / 1.5 m
4
≤ 3 mm / 1.5 m
6
Check & AdjustZoom80 | 99
Zoom80 | 100Check & Adjust
The following table explains the most common settings.
StepDescription
1.Place and secure the instrument into the tribrach and onto a tripod.
2.Using the tribrach footscrews, level the instrument with the elec-
3.PAGE (F6) to access the Laser Plummet page. Switch on the laser
4.Mark the centre of the red dot on the ground.
5.Turn the instrument through 360° slowly, carefully observing the
tronic level. SHIFT (F12) to access STATUS Level & Laser
Plummet.
plummet. Inspection of the laser plummet should be carried out on a
bright, smooth and horizontal surface, like a sheet of paper.
movement of the red laser dot.
The maximum diameter of the circular movement described by the
centre of the laser point should not exceed 3 mm at a distance of
1.5 m.
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