User’s Handbook
FF310
Electrical Circuits
FaultFinder
Table of contents.
1 - Check out list
1 Check Out list Page 1
2 Start-up Page 1
3 Switching On and Off The FF300 Page 1
4 Setting the sensitivity level Page 2
5 How to use the probe Page 3
6 Locating Short Circuits Page 3
7 Wire tracing Page 4
8 Locating Current Leaks Page 4
9 Locating Open Circuits Page 5
10 Wire Identication Page 5
11 Hook Up Reference Chart Page 6
12 General Procedures Page 7
13 Special Tracing Procedures Page 8
14 Technical specications Page 11
15 CT8002 Circuit Tester Page 12
16 CT6100 Fuse Socket connectors Page 12
17 Care of the unit Page 13
18 Warranty Page 13
Caution
Very Important: Read this rst
The FF310 set consists of:
FF310R FaultFinder receiver.
FF310T FaultFinder transmitter.
CT8002 Circuit tester
CT6100 Fuse socket adapter set
Factory supplied 9- volt alkaline batteries, type Duracell MN1604
Foam padded polypropylene carrying case.
User’s handbook.
2 - Start Up
Both the FF310R and FF310T are factory supplied with batteries. To install the batteries
follow the steps below:
1. Op en ba ttery drawer at bac k of ea ch un it ( fa cto ry su ppli ed ba tte ries
are disconnected).
2. Remove the battery, and connect it observing the polarity of the battery connector,
repeating the operation on both units.
3. Press the On/Off button on the FF310T (FaultFinder Transmitter), green LED will
start ashing. If green LED does not starts ashing, check the battery polarity and
reinstall if necessary. To turn the unit off, press the On/Off button again.
4. Press the On/Off button on the FF310R (FaultFinder Receiver), green LED will
turn on. If the green LED does not turn on, check the battery polarity and reinstall
if necessary. To turn the unit off press the On/Off button again.
• For use only with DC voltage. Do not connect to circuits exceeding 42 volts DC under
any circumstances.
• DO NOT USE on AC voltage.
• Do not use on any circuit directly or indirectly connected to AC lines or any other AC
power source.
• Do not use with any component or part of the ignition system.
• Before using this device check the vehicle’s electrical wiring and disconnect any part
or subsystem sensitive to voltage and current pulses such as air bags, electronic
control modules, etc.
• Always follow the instructions and procedures indicated in the vehicle’s
service manual before attempting to disconnect any part or subsystem of the
electrical circuit.
Exceeding the limits listed above when using this apparatus, or not observing
the precautions listed above can expose you to physical injury and permanently
damage your instrument and parts and components of the vehicle under test.
“V Ready” and “GTC” are registered trademarks of General Technologies Corp.
3 - Switching On and Off the FF310 set
The FF310T
FaultFinder Transmitter is turned on and off by momentarily pressing the “ON/OFF”
button, and it must be turned off manually after use by pressing the On/Off button. Before
storing the unit check to make sure that all lights are off, failure to do so will result in a
much shorter battery life.
The FF300R
FaultFinder Tracer can be turned on and off manually by momentarily pressing the “On/Off”
button, however after 3 minutes of not being used, it will turn off automatically to conserve
battery power. Turning the unit off manually will prolong battery life.
Low Battery indicator
From time to time the batteries on both units will need to be replaced. When the battery
is below the minimum operating voltage, upon turning the unit on (FF310T and FF310R)
both lights will ash for 1 second and the unit will turn off automatically. In this case replace
the batteries with a new set of 9 Volt alkaline batteries. To install the new batteries, follow
the instructions in the preceding section: 2 – Start Up.
Page 1
4 - Setting the sensitivity level
The FF310R has three user selectable sensitivity ranges: ‘Low’, ‘Medium’ and ‘High’.
These ranges allow the technician to choose the degree of sensitivity most suitable to
the particular detection being performed.
4.1 Checking the current sensitivity setting:
The FF310R’s current sensitivity setting is displayed when the “ON/OFF” button is pressed
for 2 or 3 seconds while the unit is ‘ON’ (steady green indicator on). The high sensitivity
setting generates a quick triple ashing of the green LED, a double ashing in the medium
sensitivity range and a single ashing indicates a low sensitivity level setting.
Green LED shows a: FF300R Tracer set to:
5 - How to use the probe:
The probe of the FF310R is built of coiled steel and can be bent as needed, in order to
reach wires in congested or difcult areas. Depending on the circuit characteristics and
the sensitivity setting, the probe will pick-up the signal from the wire in a wide range of
positions . However for the best possible range the FF310R’s probe tip (yellow cap) should
be positioned perpendicular ( at 90°) to the wire being traced and either above or below
it, as shown in Fig. 1 below.
Single (1) ash and beep Low sensitivity
Double (2) ash and beep Medium sensitivity
Triple (3) ash and beep High sensitivity
When turned off, the FF310R will retain the last selected sensitivity setting.
4.2 Procedure to select the FF310R’s range :
1. Unit sh o u l d be on, if n o t , turn it on b y momentarily pr e s s i n g the
“ON/OFF” button.
2. Press and Hold “ON/OFF” button for approximately 3 seconds until a beeping and
ashing occurs. This initial beeping and ashing indicates the current sensitivity
level setting. By holding the “ON/OFF” button pressed, the FF310 will cycle to the
next sensitivity setting following the pattern indicated below:
I- Low Sensitivity: single (1) ash and beep.
II- Medium Sensitivity : double (2) ash and beep.
III- High Sensitivity : Triple (3) ash and beep.
The sensitivity level is selected in the following sequence:
LOW MEDIUM HIGH
Sensitivity Adjustment Sequence
For example: If the FF310R unit is set to ‘MEDIUM’, in order to set the sensitivity to LOW,
press the “ON/OFF” button until a double beep and ashing occurs (current
setting), keep holding the button pressed and a triple beeping and ashing
occurs (setting now is HIGH), keep holding the button pressed, until a single
ash and beep indicates that the new setting is LOW.
Fig. 1 - Probe positioning
6 - Locating Short Circuits
Refer to the Hook Up Reference Chart in Page 6.
6.1 Observe the limits and safety precautions at all times (refer to the beginning of
this handbook).
6.2 Connect the FF310T (transmitter) in series with the short-circuited wire, making sure
one of the unit’s clips is connected to the circuit’s positive supply (or vice versa for
vehicles with positive supply connected to chassis). A fuse socket connector (in place of
the blown fuse), a connector, etc., provides a convenient hook-up as shown in Fig. 2 and
Fig. 3 in Page 6.
6.3 Switch the transmitter on by pressing the On/Off button and observe if the Red LED
on the FF310T starts ashing. If not check connections, power supply, and in the
case of having connected the unit to any place other than the fuse socket, check
that the circuit’s fuse is installed and in working condition (not open). If necessary
replace with a new fuse with the same ratings.
6.4 Switch the FF310R (tracer) on, and if green LED is turn on.
6.5 Ver ify tha t th e FF 310 R is set to th e lo w se nsi tivity lev el (sin gle gre en
LED Flash).
6.6 Slowly sweep the wire, conduit, etc., with tracer, ensuring the tracer’s probe is
perpendicular and above or below the wire being traced and as close as
possible to it .
6.7 Follow the wire or check it at different points, starting from the transmitter and moving
towards the load (accessory, light , etc.) observing the positioning of the probe as
indicated above. Continue this procedure while the audio signal (beeping sound) and
visual signal (ashing Red LED light) indicates the integrity of the circuit. If beeping
and ashing slows down or stops it indicates that the probe is either moving away
from the faulty wire or it has passed beyond the short circuit point.
6.8 If difcult or impossible to get the FF310R Tracer to pick-up any signal, then adjust
the sensitivity to HIGH, and check again if a signal is received.
6.9 Double check positioning the probe before and after the suspected place. If the short
circuit point has been found, the audio/visual indicators will show circuit integrity on
for one position, but not for the other.
Page 3Page 2
6.10 The short circuit is located in the area where the audio/visual signal stops or
changes signicantly.
6.11 When the test is completed, switch off the transmitter unit pressing the On/Off button
and disconnect from circuit.
The closer the tracer probe is to the wire carrying the signal, the faster the
Note:
beeping and the ashing will be. Some times it will prove advantageous to reduce
the sensitivity level to pint point more accurately the faulty area.
7 - Wire tracing
Wire tracing hook up and procedures are essentially the same as for locating short circuits.
The transmitter sees the load (light, accessory, etc.) as the short circuit or connection
to ground. For wire tracing simply follow the wire with positive (beeping and ashing)
audio/visual indicator’s feedback on the tracer from source to load.
For step by step directions please refer to point 6– Locating Short Circuits, for some
hints and specic differences refer to the notes below:
The type and size of load connected to the circuit (impedance or resistance to ground)
determines the amount of current allowed to ow in the circuit. Small loads (low Wattage
lamps, electronic systems, etc.) will reduce the range of the tracer accordingly. In cases
where the full range of the tracer is required to follow the wire, it may prove advantageous
to use one of the two methods described below:
• Tracing wires downstream (from supply to load): replacing the load for a full short
circuit allows the FF310 to work at its maximum capabilities. Before proceeding
remove all electrical power from the circuit, connect the FF310T in series with the
wire to trace, short circuit the load to ground (refer to Hook Up Reference Chart
Fig.2 and 3), then reconnect power and follow instructions in section 6 – Locating
Short Circuits.
• Tracing wires upstream (from load to supply): If more convenient, wires can also be
traced the other way around, by replacing the load with the FF310T (Fig. 4 of Hook
Up reference chart). To do this, rst remove power from the circuit, disconnect load
and connect the FF310T in its place. Apply power to the circuit and follow instructions
in section 6 – Locating Short Circuits.
8 – Locating Current Leaks
Hook up and procedures for locating current leaks are essentially the same as for
locating short circuits. The transmitter sees the leak as a weak short circuit or
connection to ground. For locating a current leak simply follow the wire with positive
(beeping and ashing) audio/visual indicator’s feedback on the tracer, from source to leak
location (short circuit).
For step by step directions please refer to point 6 – Locating Short Circuits, for some
hints and specic differences refer to the notes below:
Current leak notes:
• The type and size of the leak in the circuit (impedance or resistance to ground) de-
termines the amount of current owing in the circuit. Small leaks (i.e. low current) will
reduce the range of the tracer accordingly. In all cases the FF310R’s probe should be
positioned as close as possible to the wires, in order to maximize the signal captured
by the tracer, and set to a higher sensitivity level . For hook up refer to the Hook Up
Reference Chart Fig. 2 and 3 in Page 6.
9 - Locating Open Circuits
Refer to the Hook Up Reference Chart in Page 6.
9.1 Observe the limits and safety precautions at all times (refer to the beginning of
this handbook)
9.2 Connect the FF310T (transmitter) in series with the open ended wire, making sure
one of the unit’s clips is connected to the circuit’s positive supply or ground . A fuse
socket ( with the fuse removed), a connector, etc., provides a convenient hook-up
as shown in Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the Hook Up Reference Chart.
9.3 Make sure that the clips are rmly attached to their connection points, and switch
the transmitter on by pressing the On/Off button. Observe if the Green LED on
the FF310T starts ashing. In the case of having connected the unit to any place
other than the fuse socket, check that the circuit’s fuse is installed and in working
condition (not open). If necessary replace with a new fuse with same rating.
9.4 Switch the FF310R (tracer) on, and check if green LED turns ON and set if
necessary the sensitivity level to “LOW”.
9.5 Slowly sweep the wire with the FF310R, ensuring the tracer’s probe is perpendicular
to and above or below the wire being traced and as close as possible to it .
9.6 Follow the wire or check it at different points, starting from the transmitter and
moving towards the load (accessory, light, etc.), observing the positioning of the
probe as indicated above. Continue this procedure while the audio signal (beep-
ing sound) and visual signal (ashing green LED light) indicates the integrity of
the circuit. If beeping and ashing slows or stops, it indicates that the probe is
either moving away from the wire or it has passed beyond the open, break or bad
connection in the circuit.
9.7 If difcult or impossible to get the FF310R Tracer to pick-up any signal, then adjust
the sensitivity to” HIGH” and repeat again step 9.6.
9.8 Double check by positioning the probe before and after the suspected place. If
the open circuit point has been found, the audio/visual indicators will show circuit
integrity on one side, and not on the other.
9.9 At this point, where the audio/visual signal stops, you have found the open circuit.
9.10 When the test is completed, switch off the FF310T (transmitter) unit pressing the
On/Off button and disconnect from circuit. You may also switch OFF the FF310R
(tracer) by pressing the On/Off button on the unit. However to conserve power, the
FF310R will automatically turn off after 3 minutes of not being used.
Note: The closer the tracer probe is to the wire carrying the signal, the faster the beeping
and the ashing will be.
10 - Wire identication
Refer to the Hook Up Reference Chart in Page 6.
Wiring can be identied by following the hook up and procedures for locating short circuits
or open circuits, depending on the particular conguration of the circuit.
• For identifying wires with load connected: Connect transmitter as described
in section ‘6- Locating Short Circuits’ to the circuit to be identified, then
proceed to scan all suspected wiring with the FF310R’s probe until the ashing and
beeping is at its maximum. In the case of tightly packed wires ( bundles, conduits, etc.),
it may be necessary to spread these apart to facilitate the identication process of
a particular wire.
Page 5Page 4
• For ide ntifying wires with out loa d co nne cted: Connect transmit ter as
described in section ‘9- Locating Open Circuits’ to the circuit to be identied, then
proceed to scan all suspected wiring with the FF310R’s probe, until the ashing and
beeping is at its maximum. In the case of tightly packed wires ( bundles, conduits, etc.),
it may be necessary to spread these apart to facilitate the identication process of
a particular wire.
12 - General Procedures
Short and Open Circuit operation – Differences:
The FF310 FaultFinder uses two different types of signals to trace either short or open
circuits. Understanding its differences, as explained in the following paragraphs will allow
you to make the most effective use of this versatile tool.
11- Hook up reference chart
Fig.2 - Set up for tracing short or
open circuits, or location of
wiring
Fig.3 - Set up for tracing short
and open circuits, or
tracing wiring
Fig.4 - Set up for tracing open
circuits or identication of
wires
Fig.5 - Set up for upstream
tracing of open circuits or
location of wires
12.1 Working with open circuits
On detection of an open circuit, the FF310T injects a special radio signal into the
circuit, which can be picked up by the FF310R (tracer) probe.
When tracing an open circuit, keep in mind that RF (radio frequency) signals injected
in the faulty wire being traced, will be easily absorbed by any other conductor nearby.
(e.g.: other wires, metal frames).
Fig. 6 - Detection eld when tracing open circuit with the FF300
The effect of this absorption may vary from a reduction in the tracer’s range, to a
total shielding of the signal with no detection being possible at all (See Fig. 6).
In order to avoid confusing a shielded portion of the faulty wire with the actual fault
on it, the circuit should be checked on all possible sections to conrm that no signal
is picked up on one side of the suspected faulty section.
Hint: In some cases when tracing open circuits, connecting the FF310 transmitter’s
clip with the slotted wire to the faulty wire, and the clip with the at wire to
ground or positive supply will improve the tracer’s range.
12.2 Working with short circuits (and tracing circuits)
When the FF310T detects a short circuit (or closed circuit), it injects pulses of electrical
current in the wires, which generate magnetic elds. Unlike radio signals, magnetic
elds are not easily absorbed by nearby conductors and therefore can be picked up
by the FF310R (tracer) probe in a wider range of situations (See Fig. 7).
Page 7Page 6
Fig. 7 - Detection eld when tracing short-circuits with the FF310
12.3
Some circuit characteristics that may affect the tracing of a wire:
• Electromagnetic loop size and geometry, etc. may affect the range of the FF310
Receiver. For example for circuits in which the live and ground (return) wire
run parallel and close to each other in the same circuit, the two magnetic elds
interaction may weaken the signal, thereby reducing the FF310 range.
• Wires enclosed or tightly lining the metal frame or body of the vehicle, (i.e.: door
frames), have the same effects as having the live and ground wires running in
parallel in the same circuit since, the metal frame or vehicle body will be acting
as a ground wire. Another unfavorable factor may be due to the channeling effect
steel parts have on magnetic elds. These two cases, individually or combined,
will reduce and sometimes impede the tracing of the wire sections affected.
Whenever possible the short circuit mode of operation should be used, be-
Hint:
cause it provides with the best tracing capabilities.
13 - Special Tracing procedures
• In all cases, rst set the FF310R at the lower sensitivity level and increase it as
necessary. Proceed as indicated in the sections of this User’s Manual applicable
to your situation.
• Always after locating a probable fault area, verify several points in the wires on both
sides (before and after) the suspected area. The signal should be present at only
one side of the fault (open or short). This procedure will help avoid confusing a signal
loss with the actual trouble point.
13.1
Wire bundles and conduits:
• Special care should be given in the case of tracing a wire inside a bundle or
conduit when there is a split. In this case it may be possible to follow the wrong branch
for a short distance and still receive a positive audio/visual indication.
• To avoid following the wrong path, which could happen if the probe picks up the
signal from the other nearby branch of the circuit, the branches should be swept
maintaining the probe outside the apex area between the split, as shown in Fig. 8.
• Careful attention should be paid to the beeping and ashing speed of the tracer unit
indicators, as these provide the necessary feedback to evaluate the proximity of the
probe to the wire being traced.
13.2 How to increase the pick up range when tracing wires
Fig. 9 - Simplified dome light circuit hook up for wire tracing
• When tracing or iden tifying wires connected to lightly loaded circuit (low
currents), this reduces the range of pick up signicantly. A possible solution is after
connecting the FF310T - transmitter in series with the circuit to trace, is to replace
the load (light bulb, module, etc.) with a direct connection to ground. This allows
the FF310T to inject a more powerful signal easier to detect.
• For the cases in which it is suspected the layout of the wires is the cause of a very
difficult to pick up or weak signal, a dramatic increase of the range can be
accomplished by “spreading” the circuit.
• This is achieved by means of connecting a jumper wire between the live wire
(preferably at a termination point in the circuit such as a light bulb socket or a switch,
etc.), and a ground point somewhere else in the vehicle ( see Fig. 9). This last method
should be used only as “last resource” and with the FF310R set to low sensitivity,
as it may make the pinpoint of the precise location more difcult due to the much
increased range.
• Always verify that the FF310T is connected in series with the circuit being tested and
that its red indicator light is on, as this conrms a proper connection and will limit the
amount of current owing in the circuit.
Fig. 8 - Tracing Wires inside bundles and conduits
Page 9Page 8
13.3 Circuits with multiple loads or branches
• When tracing circuits connected to, or which are powering multiple loads and/or
branches (See Fig. 10), and when these circuits are active or live, the bulk of the
current injected into the circuit by the FF310T will be directed to the shorted branch
of the circuit. However smaller amounts of current (or stray currents) will ow to the
other branches as long as these provide a path to ground (i.e. close the circuit).
• These stray currents present in the non-shorted branches of the circuit, and
depending on the circuit conguration and physical layout of the wires, could be
picked up by the FF310R (receiver), making the tracing procedures confusing, and
even misleading.
• The simplest and most effective way to deal with these cases, is to disconnect or
remove all the loads from the circuit being traced (i.e. removing light bulbs in
example shown in Fig. 10).
14 - Technical specications
FF310T Transmitter
Voltage range: 6 to 42 Volts DC.
Indicator: Green LED indicator for Power On or Open Circuits.
Red Led LED indicator for short circuits.
Power source: 9 Volt alkaline battery, Duracell MN1604 or equivalent.
Connector: Two 5 Amp. universal micro-clips with auto polarity
and 18” long cable.
Battery life: Approximately 25 hours of use.
FF310R Tracer
Tracer Sensitivity: 3 User selectable levels (Low, Medium and High)
Tracer probe: Flexible 8” gooseneck insulated steel probe.
Indicator: Green LED indicator for Power On and Open Circuits.
Red LED indicator for short circuits.
Audio signal for shorts and opens.
Variable ashing and modulated audible signal.
Fig. 10 - Schematic of a single circuit with multiples loads
Power source: 9 Volt alkaline battery. Duracell MN1604 or equivalent.
Battery life: Approximately 25 hours of use.
Page 11Page 10
15 - CT8002 Professional Circuit Tester
17 - Care of the Unit
Instructions
1- Hold tester by metal barrel and place free
hand on bare (grounded) metal part of
the vehicle.
2- Place tester point into connector or wire
(pierce insulation if necessary).
3- Tester will light, buzz and vibrate when a
positive voltage is detected.
V-Groove Protector Tip uses:
1- Always insert the V-Groove protector tip on the tester point before carrying or storing
the unit, as this may avoid injuries.
2- Use the V-grove protector tip when piercing wires to prevent the tester point from
side-slipping on the wire and causing injuries or damage.
3- The protector tip may be removed for testing in hard to reach places inside connectors,
sockets, etc.
Replacing the Batteries:
The batteries supplied with the tester will provide years of service under normal use.
When the sound and light starts to fade, remove the screw and pull out the plastic pointer
assembly. Extract the batteries and insert new ones “type Duracell MN9100” or equivalent,
observing the polarity (negative side goes in rst). Insert the tester the point assembly,
then align the holes and replace the screw.
16 - CT6100 Fuse Socket Connectors
The CT6100 fuse socket connectors are designed to facilitate in the connection of test
leads of the FF310 to the circuit under test through the fuse box, and can also be used
for all other situations when access to the fuse socket connections are required. These
connectors are supplied in three sizes: Mini, ATO and Maxi.
How to use the CT6100 connectors
1- Choose the connector (Mini, ATO or Maxi) that
matches the fuse socket where the connection
are required.
2- Remove the power to the circuit.
3- I n s er t fus e con n e c tor int o the s oc k e t
(see gure).
4- Connect test leads to the connectors tabs of the
fuse socket connector.
The FaultFinder is a precision instrument and should be treated as such. Damage caused
by mistreatment is not covered by the warranty.
Keep the units in their carrying case when not in use and do not subject to dampness or
severe heat or cold. Do not use the units in the rain, if they should accidentally get wet.
Dry off with a clean paper towel before storing away.
Protect the units from contact with any solvents. Never clean with a solvent or petroleum
based medium such as gasoline, as these chemicals may attack the plastic parts and
cause permanent damage. Never use an abrasive cleaner. Cleaning should be limited
to wiping with a clean damp paper towel with a small amount of soap if required. Dry the
units thoroughly after any cleaning.
The unit is a sealed instrument and contains no user serviceable parts other than the
battery which can be replaced by opening the drawer on the back of the units. Opening
other parts of the units will void the warranty.
16 - Warranty
With the exception of the batteries, your FaultFinder is warranted against defects of
material or workmanship which develop within a period of one (1) year following the
date of purchase by the original owner. Proof of date of purchase will be required when
applying for repair or replacement under guarantee. For this reason, we strongly suggest
that you keep your sales receipt safely in your FaultFinder storage case.
In the event a aw develops in the FaultFinder, please return it to your dealer who will
arrange repair or replacement. The manufacturer will either repair or replace the tool
(at the manufacturer’s option) free of charge providing the FaultFinder is still under
warranty. If the warranty has expired, there will be a repair charge payable to your dealer
when you pick up the unit. When a unit has been repaired or replaced under warranty, the
replacement unit will continue the warranty period of the original unit for six (6) months
after the date of replacement or until the original warranty expires, whichever is the longest
period. This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper
use or inadequate maintenance or care.
The manufacturer shall not be obligated to provide service under this warranty or to
repair damage resulting from attempts by unauthorized persons to repair or service the
FaultFinder, other than to replace the battery; or to repair damage resulting from improper use.
Sp ecif ica lly if ther e is ev ide nce of an at temp t to op en th e Fau ltFi nde r the
warranty is void.
Any implied warranties arising out of the sale of the FaultFinder including but not limited
to implied warranties of merchantability and tness for a particular purpose are limited in
duration to the above one (1) year period, the manufacturer shall not be liable for loss of
use of the FaultFinder or other incidental damages, expenses or economic loss. Some
Jurisdictions do not allow limitations on how long implied warranties last or the exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above may not apply to you.
Page 12
Page 13
Part # FF300MN0302EN
© 1996-2007 General Technologies Corp.
Printed in Canada
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