General Electric GE Bulletin No. 4674 : Polyphase Induction Motors Motors

univ

JW

or
5>r

MICH.

1909

General

POWER

June,

igog

The

wide

phase

induction

advantages
extremely

POLYPHASE

fieldofapplicationofthe

motorisdue

inherent

simple,

in

and

Electric

Schenectady,NY.

this

may

AND

to

type.

therefore

MINING

Copyright,

by

General

INDUCTION

poly-

the

many

It

DEPARTMENT

1909

Electric

Company

ranges,
while

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type.

MOTORS

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GENERAL

ELECTRIC

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4674-2

torque

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4674-6

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the

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large

K

service

requires

the

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be usedinpreference

where

the

the

circuits

on

starting

motors

in

mains

motorisalso

much

the

less

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same

voltage

case

same

regulation

where

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currents
conjunction

would

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torque.

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trouble.

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C
D
E
F

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H
I

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K
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single-pole

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increase
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the

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torque,

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SERIAL

NUMBEROFMOTOR

manually

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greater
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torque

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give,

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Board

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Base

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and

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Tightener

" "

REFERENCE

Carrier

where

large

compared

motors,

approximately

load

currentatstarting

full

load

obtained

maximum

gradually

cast

iron

grids

Cables

Cover

Washers

Screw

LETTER,

the

the

torque.

for

starting

torque

cutting

enclosed

motors

with

starting

A

the

out

50

h.p.

GENERAL

ELECTRIC

COMPANY

inatriangular
end

plates
together
laminated
inside
supported

shaft

to

the

the

and

spring

surfaceofthe

byametal

whichisoperated

bearing bracket

bearing.

rS

frame,

holding

is

short

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the

metal

grids.

rotor

circuited

brushes

sleeve,

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brushes

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and

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to

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resistance:alever
purpose.

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durable
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pointsofcontact
resistance.

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brush

for

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directlyonthe

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cast

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take

up

brushes

have

small

WJt-

4674-9

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C

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rod

passing

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through

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motors

resistances

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together

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over

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on

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supported

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coils

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of

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pivoted

rod

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motors

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Z

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numberofshort

resistance

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in

On

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iron

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Gauge

complete

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Coil
End

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Coupling

REFERENCE

fastened

the

and

motors

the

bracket

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Cover

can

and

(Pulley

Screw

Bolts

"

Joint

Connections

Board

LETTER.

be

wear

against

ceiling,

the

starting

out

by

means

which

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which

End,

Bolts

circuiting

altered

and

tear

being

lever

of

have

crank,

may

in

the
out

a
a

be

GENERAL

ELECTRIC

COMPANY

4674-10

Polyphase

fastenedtothe
canbesupplied

A

motor
constant
h.p.

and

of

the

be

located
ities.
an

external
to

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FormPhas

speed

over;

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on

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L

motor

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purpose.

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large

the

starting

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controller,

Motors

bearing

designed

sizesof300

resistance

conveniently

large

provided

described

housing,

for

capac

with

similar

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formofmotorisdesigned

speed

service

tionofcranes,

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an
but
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resistance

changes

adjustable

on

account
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FORM

suchasis

hoists,

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M

MOTOR

requiredinthe

dredges,

obtained

resistanceinthe

of

the
operating
placed

at

external

etc.

heavy

slow

to

for

by

means

rotor

resistance

speed,

the

variable

opera

of

circuit,

this

motor.

later,

except

relatively

smaller

frequent.

Provisionismade
collector
the
spring
slides
lever
used
of

the

collector

rings

motor

brushes,

on

the

supported

for

this

lever

rings.

has

purpose.

lifts

CONTROLLER

that

the

AND

RESISTANCE

controllers

capacityasstartingisless

for

short

circuiting

on

the

come

carried

shaft

by

the

inside

up

and

the

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main

surface,

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speed.

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movement

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FOR

FORMSMANDPINDUCTION

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rings
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resistance.

are

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rheostat

this

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purpose.
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clampedtoa

are

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the

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bracket.

used

for

MOTORS

rotor

metal

each

that

are

necessaryincon

locationofthe

rings

keyed

to

the

brush

Two

are

yoke

or

gear

mounted

supported

more

collector

collector

to

controller

provided

carbon

ring.

The

the

on
by

GENERAL

ELECTRIC

COMPANY

brushes
against
uniform

range.
studs

directlytothe

space

usual
iron
air.

piece

to

slideinfinished
the

pressure

In

holding

and

The

resistance

cast

frame

The

through

the

controller.

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capacities

rings

by

throughout

the

smaller

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bearing

simplifying

for

iron grid

which

permits

topisof

which

of

type,

iron

nished.

1.

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full

speed.

2.

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half

speed;

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lineofFormMmotorsisman
ufactured
vice
provide
necessary

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for

the rapid

under

Owingtothe

of

this

service,
designed
for

brief

are

three-phase
signated

to

periodsofoperation.

manufactured

operation

IQC

service,

service,

and

continuous

full

speed.

crane

and

starting

such

intermittent

these

give

high

for

and

tively.

CONTROLLERS

A

complete
manufactured
induction
the

starting
motors.
cylindrical

to

other

typesindurability

andisdesignedsothat

arcing

made
in

The

two

may

controllers

so

directions

lineoftypeTcontrollers

for

large

motorsof300

resistance

These

are

made

form,

which

be

readily

for

that

the

operating

from

ways

and

springs

so as to

their

sizes

of

brushes

brackets,

are

economizing

construction.

the

large

sizesisof

mountedinan

free

circulation

withaslate

the

cables are

resistance

can

zero to

zero

to

ser

hoist

ser

torque

to

acceleration

conditions.

nature

motors

are

outputs

They

two-

and

and

are

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ITC

respec

FormMmotors,

h.p.

and

over,

is

external

in

the

well-known

has

proved

for

heavy

all

parts

subjected

renewed.

Form

M

motors

handle

the

off

position,

are

pressed

wearing

motors

fastened

carried

be

to

superior

service,

give

the

the

open

center

fur

and

where

the

are

turns

Polyphase

ordertobe

the

a

rotationofthe

lers

for

these
switch
switch

for

being

troller.

The

controllers

of

300

h.p.

for

starting

circuitedassoon

of

full

speed.

A

lineofdial

for

starting

inclusive,

DIAL

CONTROLLER

The

resistanceisassembled

lated

sheet

of

the

slate

is

withacast
dust

and
switch
for
cannot
the
ing

to

starting

motors.

the

If

it is

contacts.

be

motorasin

maintainauniform

in

water
stat
float

pressure,aCR

should

switch

Induction

abletoreverse

motor,ifrequired.

motors

voltages

included

and

service

for

over,

as

are

of

asapartofthe

constant
already

only

the

controllersismanufactured

FormMmotors

for

two-

and

three-phase

FOR

FORMMMOTOR

iron

box

mounted
front.
iron

dirt

duty

used

No

The

enclosing

from

collecting

The

resistanceisdesigned

only,

for

regulating

provisionismade

the

desiredtouse a

water

128

be

used

in

or

pressure

Motors

the

461

direction

4-1

Control

provided

2000

withanoil

and

over,

the

con

speed

motors

described,

and

shouldbeshort

motor

from

has

5 to

are

reached

100

h.p.

operation.

inawell-venti

at

the

back

rheostatissupplied

cover,

and

cylinder

preventing

upon

the

controllers

the

for

controllers.

the

speed

revers

FormMmotor

level,

or

air

self-starting

connection

governor.

rheo

with

The

1

of

of

to
or

a

GEXERAL

ELECTRIC

COMPANY

4674-1^

self-starting
switch,
contactors

Polyphase

device

composedofthree

with
mountedatthe
ately

below

these,asolenoid

Induction

consists

magnetic

top

of

Motors

of

alternating

blow

the

panel.

operated

a

primary

out

Immedi

current

coils

second-

adapt

them
encountered
motors

are
alternating
motors

being
designated
these

motors

entitled

Mill

BACK

For

service

of

back

tured

which

any

standard

for

such

exacting

in

steel

mill

manufactured

current,

MI

Type

totally

usedinthe

motors.

will

be

Motors.

latter

Full

found

GEARED

requiring

geared

can

induction

very

attachments

be usedincombination

motor.

serviceasis

operation.

both

for

enclosed

case

information

inabulletin

MOTORS

slow

speeds,aline

is

These

direct

and
induction
which

manufac

with

are

on

CR

ary

switch

over

three

the

resistance

on

the

backofthe

where

be

set

the

carriedbythe

of

contactors

resistance

In

this

case
controller,
tactors.

A

full
recently
of

exceptionally

128

SELF-STARTING

is

mounted,

sets

being

starting

switch

is

out

of

the

dial

operating

MILL

TYPE

lineofmill

placed

on

rugged

RHEOSTAT

which

of

resistance

mounted

panel. In

and

large

currentistoo

contacts,afurther

employed

the

secondary

switch

the

actsasa

additional

MOTORS

type

motors

the

market,

construction

operates

contacts,

connected

motors,

heavy

for

cutting

circuit.

master

has

which

so as

to

con

been

are

A
when
motors
and

through

whichismade

eliminates

Induction

more

to

VERTICAL

VERTICAL

vertical

typeofmotor

this

form

are

provided with

a continuous

the

bearings

integral

the

necessity

MULTI-SPEED

motors

than

one

TYPE

INDUCTION

MOTOR

MOTORS

can

be

furnished

is

advantageous.

ball

thrust

bearings

flowofoilismaintained

by

with

for

means

sight

the

motor.

feed

ofapump

oil

MOTORS

can

be

constructed

speedifrequired,

fractional

These

This

cups.

for

GENERAL

ELECTRIC

COMPANY

speeds

number
changes
by

For
should

being

of
being

meansofswitch

the

rotor,ashort

generallybeused.Atreduced

typeofmotor

tionally

reduced

obtained

poles

made

will

in

the

in
provided
circuited

give

approximat

capacity

by

stator,

the

with

increasing

connection

stator

for

this

FormK

speed

elyapropor

good

efficiency.

the

windings

purpose.

winding

this

Polyphase

slightly

more

loads.Their

especially

torque
For
required

with

these

at

reasons

for
recommended
motors

for

new

efficient

power

light

full

load

the

in

plants.

Induction

than

Motors

two-phase

factorissomewhat

loads,

and

the

currentisalso

and

because

supply

preference

less

system,

to

4674-13

for

all

higher,

starting

greater.
copper
they

are

two-phase

is

6000

HP.

FREQUENCIES

The

three

types

L

andMare

of

60,40and25cyclesatthe

tagesof110,

for

two-orthree-phase

wide

rangeofspeeds.

made

220,

TWO-PHASE

for

440,

AND

AND

of

the

MOTORS

Three-phase

distribution

motorsbyreasonofthe

of

the

6600

VOLT

INDUCTION

VOLTAGES

induction

standard

motors

frequencies

standard

550

and

2200

operation,

THREE-PHASE

stator

windings

and

MOTORINRAIL

K,

vol

volts

for

a

better

are

HIGH

For

the

can

be

built

their

respective

in

inverse

have

higher
efficiency
speed
used
slow
in

motors

when

speed

OTdertokeep

MILL,

GARY,

INDIANA

AND

SLOW

same

much

rating,

lighter

weights

SPEED

being

proportiontotheir

power

than

conditions
machines

slow

should,

the

speedofthe

factor

speed

therefore,
permit.

are

MACHINES

high

speed

than

approximately

speeds.

and

motors.

For

generally

gears

slow

also

always

gearing

required,

motors

speed,

They

better

High

be

within

GENERAL

ELECTRIC

COMPANY

4674-14

conservative
used,

Polyphase

an

extended

Induction

limits.

shaft
bearingisrecommended
h.p.

and

over.

The

speedofinduction

the

frequency
independent
tions.

It

varies
rangesofload,
unless
lent
loads,

the

speed

an

frequency

regulationisobtained

important

SPEED

of

and

moderate

only

and

AND

slip,

cannot

changes.

kindsofservice.

FREQUENCY,

Within

voltage

in

and

practise,
voltageora
in

the

latter

in

the

same
maximum
decreaseasthe
voltage,

square

and

root

VOLTAGE

the

limits of

frequency

thereisno

objectiontoan
reduced
case

the

ratio

as

outputofthe

squareofthe decreaseofthe

increase

of

the

decrease

Motors

When

motors

with

an

for

capacitiesof35

LOAD

motors
and

is

voltage

slightly

exceed

under

the

Hence

advantage

AND

the

variations

usually

frequency,

speed

the

motor

encountered

except

will

frequency.

will,

approximately

of

are

outboard

depends

practically

fluctua

wide

normal,

excel

under

for

many

OUTPUT

increased

that

be

reduced

The

however,

as

the

frequency.

so

The

total
installedinkilowatts
to

the

total

power.

Two-phase
formers,
phase,

or

formers.

on

Where
transformers
of

course

It

is,

however,

tice

to

install,

transformers

it

all

possibletooperate

of

their

capacity,incase

oneofthe

TEMPERATURE

of

All

standard

carry

their
temperature
not

exceeding

cent,

overload
perature
exceeding 55

Motors

short

periods

capacity

capacityofthe

and

three-phas'e

two

or

three-phase

are

used,

be

cheaper

generally

for

of

should

motors

three

motors

two

to

the

the

transformers

be

made

motorsinhorse

require

two

motors one

single-phase

and

single-phase

transformers

install

good

larger

than

modern

sizes,

insteadoftwo,inordertomake

the

motorsattwo-thirds

of

breakdown

transformers.

GUARANTEES

rise

will

motors

rated

load continuously,

rise

above

40

for

above

degrees

carry

without

degrees

two

the

C.

heavy

injurious

are

guaranteed

the

surrounding

C,

anda25

hours

with a

surrounding

overloads

heating.

equal

trans

three­trans

three.

prac
three

with

tem

air

will

of

to

a

air

per

not

for

TRANSFORMERS

When

from

mustbeusedtoreduce
suited
formers

low

high

to

the

required

potential

potential

motor,

depending

motors

circuits,

the

the

number

systemistwo-orthree-phase.

arc

operated

transformers

potentialtothat

of

trans

on

whether

VERTICAL

the

TYPE

SMALL

The

smaller

riveted

General

frame

Electric

cribedina separate

Polyphase

INDUCTION

Motors."

MOTORS

INDUCTION

induction

type,

manufactured

Company,

bulletin

MOTORS

motors

are

by

fully

of

the

the

des

entitled"Small

UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGAN

3

9015

08007

2724

GENERAL

PRINCIPAL

BOSTON.
NEW

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Va.,

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Ohio,
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Louis.

Mo.,

City,

City,

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Minn.,

Minn.,

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Department,

Office,83Cannon

all

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ELECTRIC

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Wainwright

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Charleston

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Mutual

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Perm

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York,N.Y

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